2012 Botulism Final Report

7/29/2019 2012 Botulism Final Report

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Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore

FOR INTER-AGENCY USE ONLY.NOT FOR FOR PUBLICATION

2012 Avian Botulism Monitoring Report

Dan Ray, Avian Botulism Monitoring Lead

Sue Jennings, Wildlife and IPM Program Manager

February 19, 2013

Introduction

In 2006 Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE; Lakeshore) began to exp

scale waterfowl die-offs from Type E Botulism poisoning (a disease caused by

botulinum). By late December, 2006 approximately 2,900 bird carcasses wereLakeshore beaches. These mortality events have continued every year. In Lakeshore established an avian botulism shoreline monitoring and education progra

to serve three primary management purposes1:

Disease surveillance and research (early detection/understandtriggers),

Resource protection (preventing disease transmission to birds/scavemonitoring), and Visitor experience (aesthetics, safety, and education).

To date, over 6,000 bird carcasses have been documented within the Lakeshore.

by the die-offs within SLBE have included federally endangered Piping Plovers

threatened Common Loons, and 18 other species. In 2012 a total of 1,496sick

representing 19 species were documented between June 21 and November 20monitors (volunteers and SLBE staff). Of this, 584 were Common Loons (COL

2012, the largest confirmed die-off events occurred in 2007 (1,135). The smallest

occurred in 2008 (approximately 100 birds). All bird mortality data is maintained a

database, representing one of the most comprehensive bird die-off data sets for L

(AppendixA)

SLEEPING BEAR DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE

NATURAL RESOURCE DIVISION

2012 WILDLIFE FIELD REPORT


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investigate potential triggers of, and pathways for Type E Botulism poisoning eve

activities are funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)(established

administered by the Environmental Protection Agency). Project partners include: Service-Midwest Regional Office, US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), US

Survey (USGS), USGS-National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC), Michigan

Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), Northwestern Michigan Co

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM), Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa a

Indians, and other regional organizations, including Common Coast Research and

(CCRC).

Following the 2006 outbreak, temporary funds were acquired to hire a Nationa

(NPS) seasonal project lead for the avian botulism monitoring effort at SLBE. Th

responsible for the coordination of a volunteer crew to monitor 11 beach transec

and/or disposal, and documentation of bird carcasses); conducting fill-in monitoring

data review/certification, providing information/education to park staff, visitors an

data management and reporting; and providing support for research partners inv

food web pathways of Type E botulism poisoning within the Lakeshore.

The 2012 SLBE program continued to focus on collecting bird data from each of

transects established in 2007, recruitment/retention of volunteer monitors, in

monitoring frequency of transects to a weekly basis, and public education/outrea

specimens of all species collected on SLBE transects were submitted to the NWH

throughout the season (in previous years, once a threshold was achieved for each sp

collecting/testing ceased). Because of the large number of Loons collected, there w

(Oct. 18 and 19) when collecting of Loons was suspended. Euthinization wa

effective in obtaining good specimens for testing and was thus discontinued in

Lakeshore continued to work closely with the USGS in the entry of SLBE data in

AMBLE (Avian Monitoring for Botulism Lakeshore Events) data entry portal 2. O

of the 2012 program included efforts to increase the frequency of monitoring on No

Manitou Islands (NMI and SMI), enhance coordination with partner agencies condresearch studies in Lake Michigan and within the Lakeshore, and strengthening co

with volunteers. Implementation of the latter goals was accomplished through estab

Bot. Squad Facebook page, and continued circulation of the Bot. Squad Newslet

volunteers. Coordination and communication with SBLE staff and project partners

through development of a Botulism Event Notification e-mail contact list and the e


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the number of birds that were found was initiated. This study was part of a larger

the USGS to provide to predict the arrival, timing, and location of fish and bird carc

botulism outbreaks, and to explore potential solutions to prevent beach fouling botulism outbreaks3. Second, SLBE specimens submitted to the NWHC where

tracts of bird specimens were removed and sent to David Essian at NMC for sto

analysis as part of a study to understand the diet of affected birds. This report summ

shoreline avian botulism management, monitoring and education/outreach activitie

season.

2012 Outbreak Summary

Fourteen hundred ninety-six sick or dead birds representing eighteen species wer

between June 21 and November 20 by Program monitors on mainland beaches (A

SLBE 2012 Sick and Dead Birds Reported to AMBLE). This was the highest m

recorded at the Lakeshore since 2007. Likewise, COLO mortality rates were at

with a total 584 sick and dead reported, accounting for over one-third of total 201

heaviest COLO losses occurred in October with 422 carcasses collected. Total doc

or dead bird species included 149 Double-crested Cormorant (DCCO), 131 Lon

(LTDU), 127 Red-necked Grebe (RNGR), 118 Horned Grebe (HOGR), 117 Ri

(RBGU) and 112 White-winged Scoters (WWSC). Mortality totals for other spec

than 50 per species.

The first documented occurrence occurred on June 21, when a distressed Caspian

on Sleeping Bear Point exhibiting symptoms of botulism poisoning was reporte

Plover crew member monitoring PIPL nest sites. Consistent with previous s

mortality increased steadily after June, spiked slightly in late July, peaked in

tapering off in November.

Methods

Overview of SLBE Avian Botulism Beach Monitoring: Eleven beach transects miles were monitored along the shoreline of the SLBE mainland starting from the

boundary (Transect 1) to the northernmost boundary (Transect 11) (Appendix B

Transect Map-a generalized rendition of each numbered transect). Prior to this year

8, and 11 had been subdivided into a and b sections to reduce the leng


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additional research purposes. Thus, transects 2a, 4, 7, and 11a were further subdiv

USGS and 2a-NPS; 4-USGS and 4-NPS; 7-USGS and 7-NPS; and 11a-USGS and

new GPS coordinate table was developed to delineate specifically the boundTransect and Sub-Transect to facilitate accurate location of each sick or dead spe

ensure proper assignment of its position to the correct Transect(Appendix B-2, Tab

GPS Coordinates). Within the sub-transects, USGS monitors - independent

monitoring program - marked dead birds in place and left them on the beach to

and when they were subsequently detected by SLBE monitors. Theoretically, this w

an indication of the number of birds found and reported on SLBE monitoring wal

the number of sick and dead birds actually present (to determine if increasing th

frequency increased the number of birds that were found and to provide insight

reasons for sampling inaccuracy, such as birds overlooked, removed by scavenge

back out into the lake).

Each SLBE transect was surveyed approximately every seven days by trained volun

(Volunteer-in-the-Park;VIP), with supplemental assistance by Lakeshore staff (in p

surveys were conducted every 7-10 days). Efforts were made to survey both NMI a

All healthy birds were tallied by species and observations of sick birds were

(number/species, location, and condition). Sick birds were left untouched, unless t

highly visited area, in which case the bird was safely moved to a secluded area

avoid receiving multiple reports from visitors of injured/sick birds). All dead bird

and their GPS location (WPS-84 decimal degrees) recorded using hand-held G

units. Additional data collected included the condition and fate of the carcasses

collected for testing, or other); presence and abundance of algae, round gobie

Quagga mussels; and date, time, weather and any unusual observations. A new

added to the Sick Bird or Carcass sheet to signify if the bird was USGS Marked

3, SLBE Botulism Field Data Sheet). All information from all SLBE Transec

datasheets was entered into the USGS-AMBLE data portal. Project crew lead

biological technicians provided beach-monitoring support when needed, responded

distressed and deceased birds, and surveyed sections of beach not regularly monitor

Once documented on the data sheet, dead birds were buried at least two-feet dee

behind the foredune to avoid recounting individual specimens, to prevent contac

and pets, to prevent transmission of botulism to other wildlife, and to avoid dis


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entry. All paper field-data sheets were forwarded to the project lead to review/ve

been properly uploaded to the AMBLE system. Bird mortality, beach conditions

findings were then summarized in weekly Squad Notes distributed to Lakeshore stupdates were regularly provided to project VIPs, Lakeshore staff, and project partn

Botulism Event Notifications, and theBot. Squad Newsletter.

Volunteer-in-the-Park Program: A standard pre-season training/orientation

provided to VIPs by NPS and, if available, USGS staff and other research partner

provided information on Project background/goals, new developments, the A

Cladophora and the botulism food web, an overview of the regional USGS monitand SLBE protocols for data collection and job safety (Appendix B-4 Bird Carc

Personal Safety). Field equipment (Bot. Kits, GPS, and Shovel) was issued to

conclusion of the meeting. If a volunteer was not able to survey their designated t

a seven day period, the project lead was notified in advance and a SLBE Natural R

staff member or alternate VIP covered that section of beach. A mid-season mee

prior to fall die-off event, which is typically the busiest season for the Program. A r

techniques, bird identification, and safety protocols was provided, as well as an o

respond to VIP questions regarding data recording, reporting, or other Program rela

Botulism Surveillance/Specimen Collection for Testing: Fresh bird carcasses

feathers difficult to pull out, absence of flies, odors, or signs of decomposition)

beach monitoring were collected, tagged and sent to the NWHC in Madison, W

confirmation of botulism poisoning. Monitors were instructed to collect specimens

from all Transects throughout the entire season. Advanced notification of shipp

communicated to staff at NWHC. A specimen history form for each carcass was

advance via email, and included in the shipment cooler with all specimens, along w

the USFWS Migratory Bird collecting permit, in compliance with instructions

NWHC (Appendix B-5: USGS-NWHC Specimen History Form). A record of Prog

shipments and test results was maintained (Appendix A-8, SLBE 2012 NWHC Specim

Data Collection/Management: All SLBE monitoring data (VIP staff and Progr

entered into the USGS sponsored AMBLE data entry portal. In 2012, there were in

non-program staff reported directly to AMBLE portal ( e.g. the USGS crew colle

testing or burial when the birds were located near active PIPL nests to pro

Anecdotal and other botulism reports were documented within the park, but no


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Education and Outreach: Specific information about avian botulism and th

program was presented to visitors to the National Lakeshore during formal prog

interpretive staff throughout the season. During presentations involving invasivbotulism food web - the interrelationship of Cladophora algae, Zebra and Qua

Round Gobies and the resultant avian mortality occurring among fish eating and b

birds at SLBE beaches - was discussed. Lakeshore media (SLBE newspaper,

SLBE Facebook page) contain Program information, updates and postings. Press

also issued during significant out-break/die-off events.

Results

Fourteen hundred ninety-six sick or dead birds representing eighteen species wer

between June 21 and November 20 by Program monitors on mainland beaches(A

SLBE 2012 Sick and Dead Birds Reported to AMBLE). This represents the hig

episode recorded at the Lakeshore since outbreaks were first documented in 20

volunteers donated 930 hours and logged over 1,000 miles of Lakeshore b

monitoring (including documentation and burial, collection and transportation of b

11 Transects from June 21-November 20. Below is a summary of transect monitor

the 2012 monitoring season.

Outbreak Chronology: On June 21, a distressed CATE on Sleeping Bear Po

symptoms of botulism poisoning was reported by a SLBE PIPL crew member

members made subsequent reports of distressed waterfowl: on June 25 a RBGU

wings was observed at Platte Point; on June 27, a RBGU and Herring Gull (HERG)disabled in light surf just west of Platte Point, and on June 28 a RBGU exhib

botulism poisoning on North Manitou Island (NMI) was observed. By June 27,

official week of VIP monitoring, there was four birds reported to the AMBLE d

unidentified bird, (1) unidentified gull, (1) CATE, and (1) WWSC). A single RB

July 18 (Transect 11b), which later tested positive for Type E botulism at the NW

seasons first confirmed botulism fatality for the Lakeshore. By the end of the mon

60 sick or dead birds reported (mostly RBGUs). At that time Cladophora, Cha

reports remained light. Mortality increased steadily throughout the summer. The

peaked in October (705 documented carcasses), dropped to 378 in November

December transects had been cleared (anecdotal reports of dead birds within and

Lakeshore were received in early January. Four carcasses were found within T


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Found Dead by Week, and Appendix A-3, SLBE 2007-2012 Number of Birds

During Botulism E Events). Four shipments comprising 23 bird specimens repre

species were sent to the NWHC for botulism testing. Of these, 13 reported positivbotulism (five RBGU, two COLO, two HOGR, two WWSC, (1) RNGR, and (1) D

specimens tested negative (four COLO, two RBGU, (1) Sanderling (SAND), and

Shearwater (GRSH)4. Results for a SAND and RBGU are pending (Appendix A-

USGS Specimen History.

As noted previously, October brought the heaviest loss of COLOs ever rec

Lakeshore. The high number of Loon losses is especially concerning given their lorate and their protection status in Michigan (state threatened). Total sick and

reached 584 on mainland beaches, representing over one-third of total 2012 loss

previous years, Loon mortality was highest in late fall. From June through the

October there were four COLO reported dead. In the second week there were 50 m

the third week of October, there were 324 COLO out of the 451 dead birds repo

Loons found dead during October represent over twice the total recorded during

years combined (180). A comparison of total annual mortality to loon mortality ove

period is displayed in Table 1.

Table 1. Comparison of Annual Mortality at SLBE.

YEAR

TOTAL

DOCUMENTED

MORTALITY

DOCUMENTED

LOON

MORTALITY

2012 1,451 580

2011 298 30

2010 687 67

2009 376 8

2008 101 12

2007 1,135 63


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Geese (CAGO), three CATE, three Unknown birds, three Unknown sandpipers, th

ducks, two Unknown shorebird, two Other, (1) Killdeer (KILL), (1) Least Sand

(1) Redhead (REDH), (1) SAND, and (1) Spotted Sandpiper (SPSA) (Append2012 Number Sick and Dead by Species). A month-by month comparison of SLB

2010 to 2012 (birds confirmed dead only) is shown below in Table 2.

Table 2.Monthly Confirmed Bird Mortality from 2010-2012.

MONTH/YEAR 2010 2011 2012

J uly 96 81 47*

August 79 80 88

September 79 71 233

October 333 47 705

November 100 19 378

TOTAL 687 298 1,451

*includes June

July mortality involved primarily Ring-billed Gulls (RBGU), while August and Sep

were mainly Double-crested Cormorants (DCCO), RBGU, Red-necked Grebes (RN

Grebes (HOGR), HERGs and White-winged Scoters (WWSC).

Bird carcasses found on SLBE beaches tended to be concentrated along shorelin

bays. Transects with the greatest number of bird carcasses per mile were Transect

119 birds/mile), Transect 2 (Platte Bay, 86 birds/mile) and Transect 11 (S. Good Hbirds/mile), and to a lesser extent, Transect 8 (Sunset Shores, 46 birds/mile), T

Platte Bay, 42 birds/mile) and Transect 9 (Pyramid Point, 33 birds/transect)(Table 3

Two-hundred and forty-seven bird carcasses/mile were collected along the shore

Bay(Transects1-3 excludingTransect 4 which lies partially within PlatteBay) an


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Table 3. Distribution of bird carcasses per mile.

Transect # Bird Carcass/Mile Location Bird Ca1 (Platte Bay) 119 Platte Bay 2472 (Platte Bay) 86

11 (S. Good Harbor Bay 78 Good Harbor Bay 888 (Sunset Shores) 463 (N. Platte Bay) 429 (Pyramid Point) 33

10 (N. Good Harbor Bay 10

Anecdotal Data: Reports of additional sick and dead birds from several sourc

included in the SLBE/AMBLE Transect data presented in this report, as these rep

part of the formal transect monitoring program, however, records were maintain

reports comprise an additional 114 dead and 7 sick birds (NMI/SMI and mai

reports came from USGS monitors and/or SLBE staff. A USGS monitor collect

from Transect 7-USGS, which was shipped to the NWHC as a bird from the Botu

but was not counted in SLBE AMBLE data because it was not entered by our P

official Walk. Seven COLO were collected independently on the Lakesho

monitors, and sent to the NWHC for analysis. Other anecdotal reports prior t

November Program monitoring season, from USGS monitors, or SLBE staff

removing birds not included in SLBE/AMBLE walks, included sixteen birds: two

four dead and two sick RBGU, (1) sick CATE, and (1) sick HERG on mainla

beaches.

Pre-season reports for NMI included four dead and (1) sick RBGU and (1) sick CA

South Manitou Island was informally surveyed on August 6-7 by Lakeshore staff

finding seventeen dead birds: eleven RBGU, four DCCO, (1) HERG, and (1) C

Manitou Island was informally surveyed by Lakeshore staff on August 27-28. Forty

(3) Unknown gull species, (1) COME, (1) HERG, (1) HOGR, (1) RBGU, were re

with (1) sick SPSA observed. Surveys of the islands in the fall were not conductedhousing limitations, poor weather, and/or the redirection of NPS monitoring sta

needs associated with the large die-off event occurring on the mainland. Mo

performed November 18 on portions of NMI by USGS monitors. Dead birds repo

staff were: eight HOGR, five LTDU, three COLO, three DCCO, three RNGR, (1

WWSC (1) U k bi d d (3) U k ll i I l f


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Monitors. Compilation and analysis of USGS bird marking data is currently underw

A-9 SLBE 2012 USGS Marked Birds); the final report is pending.

Unusual incidents: An American Crow was found in a visitor use area within th

Because West Nile Virus had recently been reported in southern Michigan, a requ

West Nile Virus was made to NWHC (results were negative). Other birds found de

Lakeshore and processed under Migratory Bird permits associated with the av

program included two badly decomposed Bald Eagles (BAEA) and a GRSH. On

sent directly to the USFWS National Eagle Repository in Colorado, the other was fi

MDNR lab in Lansing, Michigan for analysis and later shipped to the repository. Ncause-of-death results were determined. As noted previously, the GRSH spec

accidental occurance for SLBE; likely blown off course by Hurricane Isaac. One l

was recorded this season. While specific fish specimen data are not part of reg

AMBLE information, it was reported to regional research partners via the em

Notification List, now maintained by the Botulism Project Lead.

Volunteers-in-the-Park (VIP) program:Without the dedicated assistance of vo

Program could not have been implemented. Nineteen volunteers donated 930 hou

over 1,000 miles of Lakeshore beaches while monitoring 11 Transects (including d

and burial, collection and transportation of bird carcasses) from June 21 to Nove

these, fifteen were experienced VIPs who had served as botulism monitors du

seasons.Sixteen monitors routinely covered nine transects and performed their ow

entry. Due to the significant number of returning staff, pre-season VIP recruiting efnecessary this year. A preseason Program meeting and refresher training was prov

18 and a mid-season meeting was held September 13.

Education and outreach: A Bot. Squad Facebook page was established to prom

Squad brand, exchange timely program related information, photos, and videos,

year-round interest and interaction among VIPs and Program staff. The Bot. Squ

was continued this season, with the first issue distributed shortly after the major LOctober. The newsletter was distributed to all VIPs and project partners. Portion

edition were included in the USGS-AMBLE Ramble Newsletter published by th

linked on the AMBLE website. A second issue of the Newsletter was released in No

TheProgramachievedconsiderablemediaexposurein2012. TheProjectLeadand


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information on the botulism food web and the NPS monitoring program. The Sutto

Seas program contacted SLBE in November to inquire about a possible pre

informative presentation by Program staff was provided on Feb. 12, 2013, at theInland Seas Schoolship Program as part of their staff training program.

Recommendations

The following actions are recommended for integration into the 2013 monitoring se

Data Collection/Monitoring

Seek a permanent/reliable funding source to support the Program (GS-7supplies/equipment, vehicle lease), as it is likely die-off events within the L

continue in the future.

Continue use of the AMBLE database as the principal tool for recording monitoring information, with the ultimate program goal of having all VIPs

directly (this may require assistance or intervention during instances

mortality, when data transcribing and entry may become overwhelming for s

Create tables and graphs available in real-time on the AMBLE site, with tota

transect, week, and month to facilitate comparisons, and to help keep mo

engaged in the data collection process. These graphs could then be reproduc

on social media sites, such as SLBEs Facebook page or the Bot Facebook p

Continue to maintain an independent record of collected specimens, with S

reference numbers, as these are critical to recordkeeping prior to sending t

being processed at - the NWHC. Such reference numbers are critical also fo

NPS or MDNR labs. Require complete written copies of datasheets from each walk, by ea

monitor, to ensure an independent, reviewable SLBE record. This i

necessary for Project Lead review and approval of data entered into

database. This record is necessary also for information such as pre-season

or anecdotal reports, and reports from the Manitous that do not directly


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their nests, then burial is approved (with data collection). Burial

circumstances should only be conducted by the project lead in consulta

plover lead to ensure PIPLs are not disturbed, and appropriate PPE/safetare implemented.

Request that volunteers continue to report any Lake Sturgeon carcasses ththe program lead. Continue, and expand if necessary, the Sturgeon Notifica

established in 2012 to maintain contact with regional research partners, es

fish carcass details are not documented on current data sheets, and there is

interest, especially among researchers associated with the efforts by the GBand of Ottawa - Chippewa Indians to re-establish the Lake Sturgeon in the

Maintain a hard copy of the current email/phone contact list of all volunteer

in the Wildlife Program Managers office.

When available, include a section in the annual report that summarizes rese

of NPS and partner agencies (what was accomplished in reporting year, proand plans for next season).

Explore methods to establish monitoring transects on SMI/NMI anformally/consistently survey the islands.

Partner with USGS/AMBLE to recruit Volunteer to survey Glen Arbor secHarbor Bay (outside of the Lakeshore).

Volunteers

Use and re-use the Bot. Squad title to brand the program, bond current vattracting new ones with visibility and recognition5.

Continue to provide training refresher/orientation for new and returninEnsure training/instructions on correctly filling out data forms (online and ha

other topics noted below is provided.

Because current VIPs are very experienced, it may be useful to enlist newinterns of, or assistants to, those currently assigned to each Transect. The


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provide project updates, findings what we know/dont know and to respon

the volunteers might have.

Continue to establish a schedule of when each of the 11(+) transects will

and by whom. Ensure schedule is adhered to. Instruct, and frequently remi

to notify project lead in advance when they are unable to survey the are

manner to enable the arrangement for a contingent monitor.

Organize a call-list with willing volunteer, and NPS staff contacts. Assi

monitors should share contact information with their contingent monitor.

Education/Outreach

Design and distribute in cooperation with Interpretive staff - site bulleteducational material for Visitor Centers and park information kiosks.

Consider coordinating, through the AMBLE website, with Friends of Beother groups) in the establishment of similar botulism programs.

Present Program information at employee training events (especially SLBEtraining, Natural Resource staff, Visitor-Use-Assistant, and interpreter

during monitoring season as a sack-lunch seminar.

Schedule a public information event in late July or August (during months

more likely to observe dead birds on the beach and have an immediate curio

Use The Bot. Squad Facebook page to cultivate improved communicat

among VIPs, to provide universally available information such as bird

aides and links to field guides and bird Apps (such as Audubon, Cornell

advertise events and happenings.


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Appendix A

A-1: SLBE 2012 Sick and Dead Birds Reported to AMBLEA-2: SLBE 2012 Birds Found Dead by WeekA-3: SLBE 2007-2012 Number of Birds Found Dead During Botulism E EventsA-4: SLBE 2012 Sick-Dead Birds Per Transect and Transect MileA-5: SLBE Sick and Dead Species by WeekA-6: SLBE (*Non-Loon) Sick and Dead Species by WeekA-7: SLBE 2012 Sick and Dead by SpeciesA-8: SLBE 2012 USGS Specimen HistoryA-9: SLBE 2012 USGS Marked Birds


16/44


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Ta6

DR

WWS

48

-80

Pv-SE

112

1

2

SLE

SLE

112

4

0

922

TaU

LKRcd

WWS

47

-80

PovBF

112

1

2

SLE

SLE

112

4

0

162

TahU

DR

C

49

-88

N

v

192

1

2

SLE

SLE

112

4

0

112

Ta7U

KKy

R

49

80

Pv-SE

192

2

2

SB

SLE

112

4

0

182

Ta3

1CEe

S

47

-81

pn

112

2

2

SB

SLE

112

4

0

112

Ta6

DR

COb

48

-80

PovBF

192

2

2

SLE

SB

112

4

0

122

Ta1

DIGm

CO

4

-81

Pv-BF

112

2

2

SLE

SLE

112

4

0

112

Ta4N

DR

CO

4

-8&0

N

v

112

2

2

SLE

SLE

112

4

0

112

Ta4N

DR

CO

47

-80

N

v

112

2

3

SLE

SLE

122

4

0

122

Talb

DR

CD

4

-83

N

v

112


32/44


33/44

A

xAS

SB2USGSMkBrd

Ae

Go

Ao

WakDTmLNmFsNmLoseLuLurdC

B

CeeBe

Ne

SenSen

1

3u1Fe

DaTa

uw4

-88De>N

N

Y

Bdhoapnoi

SenSen1A11

0A1RcdKh

Ta

4Hn

47

80

De>N

N

Y

HpnofoomU

SenSen1A11

1A1Ky

Ky

Ta

7Rn

49

-80De2N

N

Y

PnebU

SenSen1A11

1A1Ky

Ky

Ta

7Rn

49

-80De>N

N

Y

MkbU

aye

SenSen

1

1A1Fe

DaTa

De49

-88De>N

N

Y

Bdhoapnoi

SenSen1S12

0S1R

D

Ta

De4

-88De>N

*U

O

M

SenSen

2

3A1Fe

DaTa

Rn

49

48De>N

N

Y

Bdwmkwhoapn

SenSen

2

1S1Ky

Ky

Ta

7De49

80

De>N

N

Y

U

Mkn

SenSen2S12

2S1Ky

Ky

Ta

7De49

80

De>N

N

Y

*U

MA

SenSen

2

2S1RcdKh

Ta

4Whe47

80

De2

N

N

Y

HU

pn

SenSen

2

2S1RcdKh

Ta

4De47

80

De>

N

N

Y

U

pn

SenSen0O12

0O1R

D

Ta

Whe49

-88De>

N

N

Y

*U

M

Cin2pes

SenSen

2

1O1Gm

D

&Ta

1Cm

47

-81De>N

N

Y

WR

U

M

Tsohb

SenSen0N13

1O1R

D

Ta

Whe47

-8

De>N

N

Y

*C

MA

BR

oapnofe

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Whe49

48

De>N

N

Y

tU

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-8

De>N

N

Y

tU

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tU

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

U

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

U

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

4

-88De>

N

N

Y

U

MA

SenSe

1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

R

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

U

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

U

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

U

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tU

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tU

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tU

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tU

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Hn49

-89De>

N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

WR

M

SenSen1N1

3

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

CWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

R

49

-88De2N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>N

N

Y

tWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>

N

N

Y

tCWR

M

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Hn49

48

De2N

N

Y

tWR

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

88De>N

N

Y

tWR

MAC

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

L

49

-88

De>N

N

Y

tWR

M

C

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-88De>N

N

Y

tWR

T

U

MA

SenSen1N13

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

-89De>N

N

Y

tWR

T

U

M

SenSen1N

3

0N1R

D

Ta

Whe49

-88De2N

N

Y

CWR

MAU

SenSen1N

3

0N1R

D

Ta

L

4

48De>N

N

Y

tCWR

MAU

SenSen1N

3

0N1R

D

Ta

Whe49

48De>N

N

Y

tWR

MAU

S

SenSen1N

3

0N1R

D

Ta

Cm

49

48De>N

N

Y

tWR

MAU

senSen

3

0N1Fe

Da

ra

L

49

38

Oe>ro

N

(e

Bdmkwhoapn


34/44


35/44

Appendix B

B-1: Shoreline Transect Map

B-2: Table of Transect GPS CoordinatesB-3: SLBE Botulism Field Data SheetB-4: Bird Carcass Handling Personal SafetyB-5: USGS Specimen History Form


36/44

A~P&vu 6I

9- Camp Kohahna to 10- W. end of Good Harbor Dr


37/44

Wand of Good Harbor Dr. to 669YRAMID I 11- 669 to651 boundary

8- S. end ofj~unset Shoresto Camp Koflaflna7- MaritIme Museumto Glen Arbor boundary

6- ndofBardRda Maritime riusea

p5- Empire boundary ~1to N. end of Bard Rd.I

24-EhRd ... -to Empjre - Cia

g L0 tP0t04son Rd - ci~&iP mI~toshRd,2 Platte River mouth TV oPet a1- S. boundary ~j~ ~ -Platte River mou H--~~~1w 7~t~.L MF N US~_l j ~1 Uwg ~ ~

~a1 IL a i -~c4 no. seADist. Directions to South or West end of survey area Directions t o North o r East end of survey area2.8 Take trail across from realty sign on Suffer Rd. 1 mi. to shore. Mouth of the Platte River. Cross r iver at canoe take out.2.7 Take Lk. Ml Rd. past campground to mouth of P latte River Take Peterson Rd. to end at Lake Ml~ 2.8 Take Peterson Rd . to end a t Lake Ml Take Esch Rd . to end at Lake Ml3.2 Take Esch Rd. t o end at Lake Ml. End count at private beach S of Empire vil lage park.1.8 Take trail from the corner of Voice and LaCore Rd. to shore From Schauger Hill Rd . near N. Bar Lake take the private Rd tothe end.6 6.2 From Schauger Hill Rd. near N. Bar Lake take the private Rd to Take S leeping Bear Dr. f rom Glen Haven to Maritime Museum.the end.7 1.4 Take Sleeping Bear Dr. f rom Glen Haven to Maritime Museum. Boundary just past DH Day campground.8 3.1 From Thoreson Rd., Turn onto Sunset Tr. Take 1 right to Sunset Take Port Oneida Rd . to dirt road S. of r ight angle bend. Hike N.shores. Go left to turn-around. along bluff to Camp Kohahna stair access to beach.9 1.6 Take Port Oneida Rd. to dirt road S. of right angle bend. Hike N. From 669 tum left on Lk, Ml. Rd . Tum right on Good Harbor Dr.

along bluff to Camp Kohahna stair access to beach. Follow to turn-around.10 2.9 From 669 turn le ft on Lk Ml Rd . Turn right on Good Harbor Dr. Take county 669 from the bicentennial barn to Lake Ml.Follow to turn-around.11 3.7 Take county 669 from the bicentennial barn to Lake Ml. Take county 651 to Lake shore. Survey to park boundary 34 mile toN.


38/44

N e D m Ta ae ae SB S

*e


39/44

A

xB2

VP-

UGTR

GC

NTE

VPTR

UGTR

ReePnGLO

GLA

P

CD

PO~WA

lbEe

49

-88

NhPkB

y

6E

49

-88

6EOdPn@Waen

1b/1

49

-88

SePnPccAe

hUSGSpoEeSBDEe

49

-88

SePn12meEoSa

10/1UGpo

SBDSa6

49

-88

SePnSaeo6

PveSars

49

-89

PveSarsnNe@teinw

10/9

49

-89

SePnW.eG

HbD

9/8

49

-89

SePnSarsCmK

9/8(Nw92

VPSars

49

-89

VPSarsSoCmegaR

8/8(Nw72

PccTe

49

-87

SePnPccTe

8/8

49

-89

SePnShLRTno

8Se

49

-89

NGeAbBdSeS

S

7Ee

49

-80

5GeAbBdEoDHDC

7UGpoEe

SBCEe

49

-80

SeP12mEoSaEoT

6/7UGpo

SBCSaM

m

49

-80

SePM

mAgwLe

5/6

48

-80

SePNeoBdRLH

55e

48

-80

NEmreBdVcLCeRT

4Ne

48

-80

EmreB

SeOdPn~W

EmreSomH

48

-80

SEmreBdSomH

4-UGpoNe

SBBNe

47

-80

SePn12meNoSa

3/4UGpo

SBBSaER

47

-80

SePnSaeoER

2/3

47

-81

SePnPesRLae

2/2

47

-81

SePnTemRLae

2UGpoEe

SBAEe

47

-81

SePn12meEoSa

2UGpo

SBASaPaeR

47

-81

SePnSaaPaRMh

lbEe

47

-81

NBoPaeRMheoS

NTpPaePn47

-81

NTpOPaPnS

*Va

h/b

47

-81

SePnB

oTae

IaW.e

47

-82

ShPkB

y


40/44

SLBE Botulism Field Data Sheet ver:6/


41/44

SLBE - Botulism Field Data Sheet ver:6/

Date: Start Time: End Time:

AM PM

Observer:

Email/Phone: Location: Temperature

Sky: Clear Partly Cloudy Overcast Precipitation: None Fog Sprinkles S

Wind Speed: None Felt on Skin Small Trees Swaying Sand Blowing

Wind Coming From: N NE E SE S SW W NW

Waves: Still Gentle Waves Waves 5-10 ft up Beach Waves > 10 ft up Beach

Cladophora: Shore None Couple Clumps Isolated Spots Scattered Continuous Thick Ma

(limp, slimy) Water

None Couple Clumps Isolated Tufts Scattered Continuous on Lake BotChara: Shore None Couple Clumps Isolated Spots Scattered Continuous Thick Ma

(stiff, branched) Water None Couple Clumps Isolated Tufts Scattered Continuous on Lake Bot

Round Gobies on Shore: None 1-30 > 30

Zebra/Quagga Mussels on Shore: None Couple Clumps Isolated Spots Scattered Continu

TRANSECT INFORMATION

Species # Healthyshore/water

# Healthyfly-by

# Sick # Fresh Dead(


42/44

SICKBIRDOR

CARCASSINFORMATION

Ver:6/15/2012

*BirdCondition:0=sick,

1=diedin

last24hours(eyesclear,nosmell,nomaggots,

feathersd

ontpullouteasily),

2=died

between24

and48hoursago(eyescloudy,nosmell,nomaggots,

feathers

dont

pullouteasily),

3=diedlongerthan48hoursago(eyesc

loudy/gone,

smellsbad

,maggots,

featherspulloute

asily)

IFYOUFIND5FRESHDEAD

ORSICKBIRDS(Codes0-

2),CALL

DanRay

231-835-0311

Notes:

Spe

cies

(Sick/DeadBirdsOnly)

Time

Latitude

(example:44.7

5551)

Longitude

(example:-87.3

3112)

Bird

Co

ndition*

Mark

USGS

Y/N

Bands

Y/N

Collected

Y/N

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

Appendix B-4

Bird Carcass Handling Personal Safety


43/44

Lake Michigan beaches within the National Lakeshore remain safe for swimming and recreation, butpark visitors should exercise caution upon encountering bird or fish carcasses. Type E. Botulism is not aninfectious disease. It is a poison. You must ingest the toxin, usually by eating an infected f ish or animal,to become ill. Yo u are not at risk for contracting botulism by swimming in L ake Michigan. Visitorsbringing pets to the park should keep them away from dead animals on the beach. Pets may bepoisoned if they eat dead birds or fish containing botulism toxin.A number of disease organisms that can be transferred to humans are carried by birds. As such, cautionshould be exercised when handling life or dead birds. Th e following procedures should be followedwhen birds for the avian botulism monitoring project:

1. When handling carcasses always wear latex or nitrile gloves. A long sleeved shirt and a facemask is recommended, but not required (e.g. windy days, heavily decomposed carcass).

2. Stand upwind when moving or bagging carcasses to protect yourself from escaping fluids3. Bury carcasses in a hole behind the foredune at least 2 feet deep and cover hole with sand4. Place carcasses in a heavy duty garbage bag; Tie off an y bag that contains a bird carcassS. Properly remove latex gloves immediately after handling each carcass and properly dispose ofgloves

6. Use a dime sized amount of hand sanitizert and rub hands together until dry7. Deliver bagged carcasses to the cooler near the door on the west side of the Natural Resource

Field Station (Carmichael House) or to the freezer in the Platte Rive r Range r Station garage. Akey to enter the garage is available at the Platte River Ranger Station.

8. Notify NPS lead if carcasses are delivered to the Field Station on a weekend/after hours9. Vigorously scrub hands with soap and water for 20 seconds. Be sure to clean in between fingers

and under finger nails.10. Do not store any carcasses in your personal freezer

Field Equipment: Bags (heavy duty trash bag) Shovel Gloves, Mask, Hand Sanitizer Monitoring Forms Monitoring Protocols Transect Guide Bird identification guides GPS Unit (optional) Camera (if available/optional) Park Map

*Hand sanitizer is effective on many bacteria and some viruses, but does not kill Clostridium botulinum, thebacterium that produces the botulism toxin. Keeping in mind that not all birds that you come in contact with willhave died from botulism, alcohol based hand sanitizers could b e u se d as a supplement (not in place of) to glovesan d washing hands with soap and water

Rev:5/2011

Appendix B 5National Wildlife Health Center

t .... 6006 Schroeder RoadMadison, WI 53711


44/44

sck~nce Ion changing world Phone: 6012702400FAX: 600.2702415 414

SPECIMEN HISTORY FORMFor mortality events please e-mail a USGS Field Investigation Team member before shippingWestern States: Barb Bodenstein [email protected], 608-270-2447Central States: Dr. LeAnn White clwhite~usgs.pov, 608-270-2491Eastern States: Dr. Anne Ballmann [email protected], 608-270-2445Hawaii. Pacific Islands: Dr. Thierry Work thierry [email protected], 808-792-9520For single animal cases,Nationwide: Jennifer Bradsby [email protected], 608-270-2443Submitters name: Sue Jennings Telephone: (231) 326-5134-x422Address: Sleeping Bear Dunes Nat. Lakeshore9922 W. Front St.Empire, Ml 49630 E-mail: Sue JenningsISLBElNPS~NPSCollectors Name: Dan RayVia Dan RayProject Lead, SLBE

Avian Botul ism Monitoring Project Affiliation: NPSISLBEPhone: 231 334-7452 x 227 Cell: 231 835-0311Date collected: 111212012 email: [email protected]

Method of animal collection: X Found Dead, fl Died in Hand, Q EuthanizedMethod of euthanizatlon:Species: Common LoonNumber Submitted: I Condition: Q Chilled, ci Frozen, Q Preserved TIssuesSpecific die-off location (refuge unit, pond, address, intersection, park, etc):SLBEState: Ml County: Lee lanau Nea rest C ity : Emp ireLatitudellongitude (Decimal degree in WGS 84) : 44.94152, 45.83236 Zone:Disease onset date: (Best estimate)10!3112012 Disease end date: (best estimate) 111112012Species affected: (The diversity of species affected may provide clues to the disease involved.)Agelsex: (Any pattern noticed that is related to age and sex?)Known dead: (Actual number counted) Known sick:Estimated dead: Estimated sick:(Consider removal by scavengers or other means, density of vegetation, etc.)Clinical signs: (Any unusual behavior and physical appearance.)Population at risk: (Number of animals in the area that could be exposed to the disease.)Population movement: (Recent changes in number of animals on area and their source or destination, if known.)Problem area description: (Land use, habitat types, and other distinctive features.)Environmental factors: (Record conditions such as storms, precipitation, temperature changes, or other changes that may contributeto stress.)Comments: (Additional information/observations of value such as past occurrences of disease in area, photographs and videos aregreat additions.)SLBE REF #025 AMBLE WALK #3110

Documents

2012 Botulism Final Report