111

20

c∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô”¬z©

º√V]¬Ô J[Æ ƒ›]B∫Ô^(5:1-8)

º´V\Ï 5D ∂]ÔV´\V™m √°o[ EÕ>Á™l[ √Ω©√ΩBV™ k·ÏflEl_

®ÀkVÆ ÿ√VÚÕm˛≈m ®[√m√u§ ®ø›>V·ÏÔ^ ÔÚ›m ºkÆ√|˛[≈™Ï.

EÈÏ ÷Õ> ∂]ÔV´D s∑kVƒ›]™V_ ¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|>_ *>V™ √°o[

º√V>Á™ÁB cflƒ©√|›m˛≈m ®[Æ WÁ™¬˛≈ºkÁ·l_, \u≈kÏÔ ÷Á>©

∏[ÿ>V¶ÚD \u≈ ∂]ÔV´∫Ô”¶[ ÷|˛[≈™Ï. ÷m ¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|>_

\uÆD √ˆ∑›>\V¬Ô©√|>_ ®[≈ ÷´ı| gF°¬ÔÚ›mÔ”¬z ÷Á¶l_ ŒÚ

√VÈ\VÔfl ÿƒB_√|˛≈m.

3:21-4:25_, √°_ ¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|>_ ®[√m s∑kVƒ›][

∂Ω©√Á¶lºÈºB ∂Á\˛≈m ®[√Á>¬ ÔVı∏¬Ô ºk>kƒ™∫ÔÁ·•D

>ϬÔkV>›Á>•D √B[√|›]™VÏ. ÷©º√Vm, ∂Õ> ÿÔV^ÁÔÁB

WÁÈÂV‚Ω•^· WÁÈl_, ¿]\V™V¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ›>o[ gÊÏkV>∫ÔÁ·©

√‚ΩBo|k>uz ∂kÏ >BV´V™VÏ. s_oBD √VϬº· ®[√kÏ, º´V\Ï 5D

∂]ÔV´›][ x>_ √z]BV™m, √°o[ ""√V¶_ kƒ™©√z]BVÔ c^·m,

÷]_ ∂kÏ º>k[*m >V[ ÿÔVı|^· Á>ˆB\V™ ÂD∏¬ÁÔl™VÈV™

c^·V™ ƒÕº>V≠›Á> ∞≈¬zÁ≈B© √V|˛≈VÏ'' ®[Æ ®ø]™VÏ.1 R. C. ÿ√_ ®[√kÏ, ""˛§¸>k›][ ®_ÁÈBu≈ g>V´JÈ›Á> sπDA kÁ´

W´D∏ka•D WÁÈl_ ÿÔVı|^· ºkÿ≈VÚ ºk>kƒ™›Á>¬ ÔVı√m

tÔ°D ∂ˆm'' ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ.2

÷Õ> \uÆD ÷>uz ∂|›> √V¶∫Ôπ_, ÂVD 5:1-11n© √u§©

√Ω©º√VD. ÷Àkƒ™©√z] √°_ √È ÔΩ™\V™ ºƒV>Á™ ºkÁ·Ôπ_

clÏ∏Áw›]Ú¬Ô (2 ÿÔVˆÕ]BÏ 11:23-29n¬ ÔV°D) - ∂kuÁ≈fl

ƒ˛›]Ú¬Ô \V›]´\_È, g™V_ ∂ku§[ *m ÿku§ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô - xΩÕ>m ®ÀkVÆ ®[√Á> ÂVD AˆÕmÿÔV^· c>°˛≈m (º´V\Ï 8:37n¬

ÔV°D). ∂kÏ ®Õ> ÷¶Ï©√V|ÔÁ· ®]ÏÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VKD, ∂kÏ

ƒ\V>V™xD ÂD∏¬ÁÔ•D ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏ (5:1, 2, 4, 5). ∂kÏ

>DÁ\› º>k[ ∂[AÌÏÕ>VÏ ®[√Á> ∂§Õ]ÚÕ>VÏ (5:5-9). ∂k´m

sº´V]Ô^ ∂kÁ´¬ ÿÔV[Æ º√V‚¶VKD, ∂kÏ W›]B›]uzD

÷´‚E¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ©√VÏ - ∂kÏ º>k–¶[ \˛Á\l_ ÷Ú©√VÏ ®[Æ

∂kÏ ∂§Õ]ÚÕ>VÏ (5:2, 9, 10).

√°_ >VD º√V]›>kÏÔ”¶[ ÷Õ> cÆ]©√V‚Á¶© √˛ÏÕm ÿÔV^·

sÚD∏™VÏ. ÂVD º√V]¬˛≈ ŒÀÿkVÚkÚD̶ º´V\Ï 5:1-11[ ƒ›]

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 111 7/17/09 8:42:14 AM

112

B∫ÔÁ· ∂§>_ ∂kEB\VÔ c^·m. z§©√VÔ, ÂVD Â\m ∏^Á·Ôπ[

EÕÁ>Ôπ_ ÷Õ>¬ ÔÚ›m¬ÔÁ·© √]B Ák›>_ ∂kEB\VÔ c^·m.3

ÂV[ ÷©√V¶›Á> ""c∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô”¬z© º√V]¬Ô J[Æ ƒ›]B∫Ô^''

®[Æ ∂Áw¬˛º≈[.

º√V´V‚¶D ÷_ÈV>º√V>_È, g™V_

ÔÏ›>ÚÁ¶B ∏´ƒ[™›]ºÈºB ƒ\V>V™D

ÔV©√|˛≈m (5:1, 2)""ƒ\V>V™›Á>› º>|>_ ®[√m cÈÔ·VsB kÁÔl_ \M>Á´

g‚Ω©√Á¶¬zD ÿƒBÈVÔ c^·m,''4 g™V_ ƒ\V>V™D ®[√m

º√V´V‚¶D ÷_ÈV>WÁÈ ®[√>VÔ© ÿ√ÚD√V[Á\BV™kÏÔ^

WÁ™¬˛[≈™Ï. EȺkÁ·Ôπ_ ∂Á\]l[ WÁÈÿBV[Æ ∂Àk©º√Vm

WÈ°˛≈m, g™V_ ŒÚ s≠BD cÆ]BV™>VÔ c^·m: ∂m sÁ´sºÈºB

E>≈Ω¬Ô©√|D. √Vk›]™V_ ºÂVF©√‚¶ ÷Õ> cÈÔ›]_ ÿÔVÕ>π©A

®[√m s]sȬÔVÔ ∂_È, g™V_ s]BVÔ c^·m. Â\m ∏^Á·Ô^,

kVµs[ cıÁ\WÁȬz› >BV´VÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|ÿ\[≈V_, cıÁ\

BV™ ƒ\V>V™D ®[√m º√V´V‚¶D ÷_ÈV> WÁÈl_ ∂_È, g™V_

ÔÏ›>ÚÁ¶B ∏´ƒ[™›]_>V[ c^·m ®[√Á> ∂kÏÔ^ AˆÕmÿÔV^·

ºkı|D.

ÂVD ƒ\V>V™D ÿ√uÆ^º·VD! (kƒ™D 1)

√°_ 5D ∂]ÔV´›Á> ""÷Às>\VÔ'' ®[Æ ÿ>V¶∫˛™VÏ. ÷Õ> ∂]ÔV

´›]_ ∂kÏ Ì≈kÕ> s≠B\V™m, ¿]\V[Ô·V¬Ô©√|>_ √u§B

xÕ]B ÔÈÕmÁ´BV¶o[ ∂Ω©√Á¶l_ ∂Á\Õ]ÚÕ>m. ""÷Às>

\VÔ, ÂVD s∑kVƒ›]™VºÈ ¿]\V[Ô·V¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈√ΩBV_, ...

º>kM¶›]_ ƒ\V>V™D5 ÿ√u§Ú¬˛º≈VD'' (kƒ™D 1). ÂVD WBVB©∏´

\V›Á>© Ø´\VÔ¬ ÔÁ¶©∏Ω¬Ô ÷BÈVm ®[√>V_, WBVB©∏´

\VD/˛ˆÁBÔ xÁ≈Á\BV™m ƒo©Á√•D ƒÕº>Ô›Á>•D cı¶V¬z˛≈m.

÷>uz ®]ˆÁ¶BVÔ, º>k–Á¶B ˛ÚÁ√/s∑kVƒD xÁ≈Á\BV™m

ƒ\V>V™›Á> sÁ·s¬˛≈m.

""º>k–¶[ ƒ\V>V™D'' ®[≈ ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶Ï ®ı cÏÁk

B_È, g™V_ ÿ\FÁ\BV™ ƒ›]B›Á>¬ z§¬˛≈m: ÂVD ¿]\V[

Ô·V¬Ô©√‚|^·>V_, ÂVD º>k–¶[ Œ©A´kV¬Ô©√‚|^º·VD

(kƒ™∫Ô^ 10, 11). ÂVD ÷M•D º>k–¬z© √ÁÔQ´_È, g™V_ ∂>uz

\V≈VÔ ÂVD ∂kÚ¬zfl EºÂ˛>ÏÔ·VÔ ÷Ú¬˛º≈VD. ""ÿkÆ©AÏ°Ô^

xΩÕm º√Vl™; ƒ\V>V™ c¶[√Ω¬ÁÔ ÁÔÿBø›>V˛•^·m.''6

ÂVD ""º>k–¶[ ƒ\V>V™D'' ÿÔVı|^·>V_, ""®_ÈV© A›]¬zD

º\ÈV™ º>kƒ\V>V™D'' (∏o©∏BÏ 4:7) ®[≈ ∂Õ> gflƒˆB\V™ cÏÁk

ÂD\V_ \˛µ°¶[ ∂–√s¬Ô xΩ•D. ÷Õ> ƒ\V>V™D ®[√m cÈÔ›]_

®_ÈV s≠BxD [Â\¬z] ƒˆBVÔ ÷Ú›>_ ®[√Á>fl ƒVÏÕ>m ∂_È; ÷m

cÏ°©ØÏk\V™ WÁ≈Ák¬ ÔV‚ΩKD º\ÈV™ s≠B\VÔ c^·m. º>k

–¶[ ÷Áƒs¬Ô\V™ c≈°xÁ≈ ®[√º> ÷©√Ω©√‚¶ ƒ\V>V

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 112 7/17/09 8:42:14 AM

113

™›][ g>V´JÈ\VÔ c^·m, ∂Õ> c≈°xÁ≈>V[, A≈D√V™ ÛµWÁÈÔ^

®©√ΩlÚ©∏–D ]Ú©]l[ cÏ° Œ[Á≈ cı¶V¬Ô xΩ•D (5:3, 4n¬

ÔV°D). ÂVD ˛§¸>kÏÔ·VÔ ÷ÚÕm[D] º>kƒ\V>V™›]_ zÁ≈°

÷Ú¬˛≈ÿ>[≈V_, ∂m ŒÚºkÁ·, ÂVD º>k–¶[ ƒ\V>V™\V

lÚ›>_ ®[√m ®>Á™ ∂Ï›>©√|›m˛≈m ®[√m xøÁ\BVÔ \]›m

c´V>>VºÈºB ∂ÀkVÆ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD.

ÂVD ""ÂDxÁ¶B ÔÏ›>´V˛B ÷ºB∑˛§¸m JÈ\VF'' º>kM¶›]_

÷Õ> ƒ\V>V™D ÿ√u§Ú¬˛º≈VD (kƒ™D 1g). º>k–¶[ ƒ\V>V™D

®[√m ÷ºB∑ >\m ∏>V°¶[ ÂDÁ\ Œ©A´kV¬zk>uÔVÔ \ˆ›>]™V_

ƒV›]B\VluÆ (kƒ™∫Ô^ 6-8, 10, 11). 5:1-11n¬ ÔıºV‚¶t‚|,

Â\m gs¬zˆB gÊÏkV>∫Ô^ ˛§¸ms[ ""JÈD'' ÷Ú¬˛[≈™ ®[Æ

√°_ ®Àk·° ∂Ω¬ÔΩ Ì§™VÏ ®[√Á>¬ ÔkM•∫Ô^ (kƒ™∫Ô^ 1,

2, 9-11).

ÂVD ˛ÚÁ√l_ Wu˛º≈VD! (kƒ™D 2)

2D kƒ™D √°o[ ""JÈ\VF'' ÌuƬÔπ_ Œ[ƶ[ ÿ>V¶∫z˛≈m:

""∂kÏ [÷ºB∑] JÈ\VF ÂVD ÷Õ>¬ ˛ÚÁ√l_ ∏´ºkE¬zD EÈV¬˛B›Á>

s∑kVƒ›]™V_7 ÿ√uÆ WÁÈÿÔVıΩÚÕm ... .''

""ÿ√uÆ'' ®[Æ >taKD “our introduction” ®[Æ g∫˛È›]KD c^·

ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶Ï, ""∏´ƒ[™›]_ ka¶›m>_ ∂_Èm ÿÔVı|kÚ>_'' ®[Æ

∂Ï›>©√|˛≈ prosagoge (pros [“to”] Ì‚¶_ ago [“to lead”]) ®[≈ Ì‚|

kVÏ›Á>l_ ÷ÚÕm kÚ˛≈m.8 ÷ºB∑ ÂDÁ\ º>k–Á¶B ∂ˆBÁ

∂Á≈¬z ka¶›]flÿƒ[Æ, >\m xÔ›]_ A[™ÁÔ•¶[, ""ÂV[ c[Á™

®™m EºÂ˛>M¶›]_ ∂§xÔD ÿƒFmÁk¬˛º≈[!'' ®[Æ ÌÆkm√u§

ÂVD WÁ™›m© √VϬÔÈVD.9

""ÂVD ˛ÚÁ√l_ ∏´ºkE¬zD EÈV¬˛B›Á>'' ÿ√u§Ú¬

˛º≈VD ®[Æ √°_ ̧™VÏ. ÷m, "" "˛ÚÁ√' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>ÁB©

√B[√|›mD ∂ƒV>V´ kaBVÔ c^·m.''10 ˛ÚÁ√ (charis) ®[√m ÂVD

˛§¸>k´VzDº√Vm Â\m √Vk∫Ôπ[ zu≈›]_ ÷ÚÕm ÂDÁ\ *‚˛≈m

®[Æ ÂVD kw¬Ô\VÔ WÁ™¬˛º≈VD. ÷Ú©∏–D, ÷Às¶›]_, ""˛ÚÁ√''

®[√m, ÂVD ¿]\V[Ô·V¬Ô©√|Dº√Vm ÂVD ∂§xÔ©√|›>©√|˛≈

""˛ÚÁ√l[WÁÈ''11ÁB¬ z§¬˛≈m. NEB ºk>VÔ\›]_, “the sphere of God’s grace” ®[§Ú¬ÁÔl_, AB ºk>VÔ\D ÷Á> “state of God’s favor” ®[Æ

∂Áw¬˛≈m.

ÂVD ÷´‚E¬Ô©√|k>uz \V›]´\_È, g™V_ ÷´‚E¬Ô©

√‚¶kÏÔ·VÔ WÁÈ›]Ú©√>uzD ˛ÚÁ√ º>Ák©√|˛≈m. ÂVD

˛§¸>kÏ ®[≈ kÁÔl_ \˛µ°¶[ ∂–√s¬zD ®Õ> gÊÏkV>›Á>•D

~‚¶ºkV ∂_Èm ∂>uz ÂDÁ\ >z]BV¬˛¬ ÿÔV^·ºkV xΩBVm.

˛ÚÁ√l™V_>V[ Â\m ∂[≈V¶ ∂π©AÔ^ ˛Á¶¬˛[≈™. ÂVD

ÿ>V¶ÏÕm √VkD ÿƒF˛º≈VD, ˛ÚÁ√l™V_ Â\m √Vk∫Ô”¬z

\[M©A c^·m. ˛ÚÁ√l™VºÈºB ∂[≈V¶D kVµsuz© √ÈD c^·m.

ÖV[ WR‚¶[ ®[√kÏ, ""˛ÚÁ√ ®[Á™ ÷D\‚|D √VmÔV©√VÔ¬

ÿÔVı|kÕ>m, \uÆD ˛ÚÁ√ ®[Á™ ÷_È›]uz ka ¶›mD'' ®[Æ

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 113 7/17/09 8:42:14 AM

114

®ø]™VÏ.12

¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|>_ ÂDÁ\ ""ÂVD WÁÈÿÔVıΩÚ¬˛≈'' [histemi] ÷Õ> gflƒˆB\V™ ˛ÚÁ√l[ WÁȬz^ ÿÔVı|kÚ˛≈m ®[Æ √°_

̧™VÏ. EÈÏ, ""WÁÈÿÔVıΩÚÕm'' ®[≈ ÷flÿƒVuÿ≈V¶ÏJÈD √°_

Ì≈ºÂV¬Ô∫ÿÔVı| ÷ÚÕ>Á>s¶ ÷Á> ∂]Ô\V¬Ô xBuE ÿƒF˛[≈™Ï.

∂kÏÔ^, ""ÂVD WÁÈÿÔVıΩÚÕm'' ®[√m Â\m ˛ÚÁ√l[ WÁÈ©√V|

W´Õ>´\V™>VÔ c^·m, ""˛ÚÁ√l_ ÷ÚÕm sø>_'' ƒV›]B\u≈m ®[Æ

∂Ï›>©√|›mk>VÔ s·¬ÔD >Ú˛[≈™Ï. √°_, ÔÈV›]BÚ¬z ®ø]B

WÚ√›]_, ""˛ÚÁ√l_ ÷ÚÕm søÕmº√V™'' EÈÏ √u§© º√E™VÏ

®[≈ cıÁ\lÚ©∏–D̶ (ÔÈV›]BÏ 5:4; 1 ÿÔVˆÕ]BÏ 10:12n¬

ÔV°D), ∂kÏÔ^ ÷Õ> s·¬Ô›Á> ko•Æ›m˛[≈™Ï.

""WÁÈÿÔVıΩÚ›>_'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>BV™m ∂Ω¬ÔΩ cÆ]BVF

WÁÈWuz>ÁÈfl ∑‚Ω¬ÔVı∏¬˛≈m (®º√EBÏ 6:14n¬ ÔV°D).

ÂVD º>k–Á¶B ˛ÚÁ√ÁB ∞uƬÿÔV^k>uz x[™Ï, ∑BVy™D

c^· Œø¬Ô xÔkÏÔ·VÔ ÷ÚÕº>VD, ÂVD ∂k´m ˛ÚÁ√l™V_

÷´‚E¬Ô©√‚|^· ∏[AD̶ ∑BVy™x^· Œø¬Ô xÔkÏÔ·VÔºk

WÁÈ›]Ú¬˛º≈VD. ÂVD ˛§¸>k´Vk>uz x[™Ï º>k–Á¶B

˛ÚÁ√ÁB ∞uƬÿÔV^·ºkV ∂_Èm A≈¬ÔˬԺkV xΩÕ]Ú¬zD

®[≈V_, ÂVD ˛§¸>k´V™ ∏[™ÚD ∂Á> ∞uƬÿÔV^·ºkV ∂_Èm

A≈¬ÔˬԺkV xΩ•º\. ÷ÀkVÆ √°_, yº\V›º>•Ák, ""˛§¸m

÷ºB∑sK^· ˛ÚÁ√l_ √È©√|'' ®[Æ ºkıΩ¬ÿÔVı¶VÏ

(2 yº\V›º>• 2:1). º√mÚ >\m kVƒÔÏÔπ¶›]_ ""ÂDxÁ¶B ÔÏ›>ÚD

÷´‚ƒÔÚ\V˛B ÷ºB∑˛§¸ms[ ˛ÚÁ√lKD ... k·Ú∫Ô^'' ®[Æ

̧™VÏ (2 º√mÚ 3:18∂).

""WÁÈÿÔVıΩÚÕm'' ®[≈ ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶Á´ ∂m ÌÆk>uz ∂]Ô

\VÔ s·¬ÔD >Úk>VÔ ∞u√|›> ÂVD xBuEÿƒFB¬Ì¶Vm, g™V_

∂Á> zÁ≈kVÔ¬ ÌÆk>VÔ°D ÂVD ∞u√|›>¬ ̶Vm. kVÏ›Á>Ô^

xø cÆ]©√V|D Á>ˆBxD WÁ≈Õm^·™. AB ºk>VÔ\›]_, “in which we [firmly and safely] stand” ®[Æ^·m. º´V\Ï 8_ √°_ ""º>k[

ÂD √‚ƒ›]oÚ¬˛≈VÏ'' ®[Æ ko•Æ›]™VÏ (kƒ™D 31); ∂kÏ Â\m

√‚ƒ›]_ x[Ì‚ΩºB ∂–ÌÈ\V™ WÁÈl_ ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ! ∂kÏ ÂDÁ\

∂a©√>uÔ_È, g™V_ ÂDÁ\ ÷´‚E¬Ôºk sÚDA˛≈VÏ. ÂVD º>k–¬z

Â\m xmÁÔ¬ ÔVı∏›m› ]ÚD√ xΩ•D - ÔkÁȬzˆB kÁÔl_ EÈÏ

÷ÀkVÆ ÿƒF˛[≈™Ï. ÷Ú©∏–D, ÂVD ÷ºB∑s_ s∑kVƒD ÿÔVı| ∂Õ>

s∑kVƒ›Á> ˇµ©√Ω>_ JÈ\VÔ ÿkπ©√|›]¬ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zD kÁ´lKD,

ÂVD ""º>k–Á¶B >BÁk©ÿ√u≈ WÁÈl_'' ÿ>V¶ÏÕm ""º>k–Á¶B

˛ÚÁ√l[ k‚¶V´›]uz^'' WÁÈWu˛º≈VD! ∂m Â\m ÷Ú>B∫Ô”¬zfl

ƒ\V>V™›Á>¬ ÿÔVı|k´s_ÁÈ ®[≈V_, ºkÿ≈m°D ∂Á>¬

ÿÔVı|k´Vm!

ÂVD ÂD∏¬ÁÔl_ ƒÕº>V≠©√|˛º≈VD! (kƒ™D 2g)

º>k–Á¶B ˛ÚÁ√ \uÆD ∂m ÿÔVı|kÚD ƒ\V>V™D

g˛Bku§[ sÁ·kVÔ, " "º>k\˛Á\ÁB ∂Á¶ÿkVÿ\[˛≈

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 114 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

115

ÂD∏¬ÁÔl™VºÈ º\[Á\√V´V‚|˛º≈VD'' (kƒ™D 2g). 5:1-11_, √°_

""º\[Á\√V´V‚|˛º≈VD'' ®[Æ J[ÆxÁ≈Ô^ ̧™VÏ (kƒ™∫Ô^ 2, 4,

11). ""º\[Á\√V´V‚|>_'' ®[√m ÂV[ kVøD ÷¶›]_ ƒV>V´\VÔ©

√B[√V‚Ω_ c^· kVÏ›Á>B_È. NIV ºk>VÔ\D ÷Àkƒ™∫Ôπ_ ∂]ÔD

√w¬Ô\V™ “rejoice” [""∂ÔD \˛µ>_''] ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>ÁB¬ ÿÔVı|^·m.

""º\[Á\√V´V‚|>_'' \uÆD ""∂ÔD\˛µ>_'' g˛Bku§uÔV™

(kauchaomai ®[≈) ˛º´¬Ô ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶Ï, ÷>uz xÕ]B ÷¶∫Ôπ_

(2:17, 23; 3:27; 4:2) “boast” [>tµ ºk>VÔ\›]_ ÷Às¶∫ÔπKD

""º\[Á\√V´V‚¶_'' ®[º≈ c^·m] ®[Æ ÿ\Vaÿ√BϬԩ√‚|^·m,

EÈ ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ©AÔ^ ∂Õ> kVÏ›Á>ÁB ÷Às¶›]_ √B[√|›m˛[≈™ (NRSV; CJB; JB). ÂVD ÿƒFm^·kuÁ≈¬ z§›m ÂVD >uÿ√ÚÁ\BVF©

º√E¬ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô¬ ̶Vm, g™V_ º>k[ ÿƒFm^·kuÁ≈¬ z§›m

ÂVD ÿ√ÚÁ\BVF© º√∑k]_ >k§_ÁÈ (1 ÿÔVˆÕ]BÏ 1:31; ÔÈV›

]BÏ 6:4 g˛BkuÁ≈¬ ÔV°D). 5:11_ √°_ ""ÂVD º>kÁ™©√u§•D

º\[Á\√V´V‚|˛º≈VD'' ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ. 15:17_ ∂kÏ ""º>k–¬

zˆBÁkÔÁ·¬ z§›m ÷ºB∑˛§¸mÁk¬ ÿÔVı| º\[Á\√V´V‚¶

÷¶D'' c^·ÿ>[Æ cÁ´›>VÏ. ÷ÚÕ>º√V]KD, ÂDt_ EÈÏ “rejoice” ®[√mº√V[≈ kVÏ›Á>ÁB tÔ°D gÆ>ÈV™>VÔ cÚ˛º≈VD, ®™ºk

®™m s·¬Ô∫Ôπ_ ÂV[ ∂Õ> kVÏ›Á>ÁBºB √B[√|›mºk[.

ÂVD ""ÂD∏¬ÁÔl''™VºÈ º\[Á\√V´V‚|˛º≈VD ®[Æ √°_

̧™VÏ. ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ®[√m x¬˛B\V™>VÔ c^·m; ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÂDÁ\

WÁÈWÆ›m˛≈m \uÆD ÂDÁ\› ÿ>V¶ÏÕm x[º™§fl ÿƒ_KD√Ω

ÔV›m¬ÿÔV^˛≈m (®∏ÿ´BÏ 6:19n¬ ÔV°D). ŒÚxÁ≈, ŒÚ EÆÁ√B[

ŒÚ \Ú›mk\Á™l[ y¬ÔVB Á\B›]_ ÷ÚÕ>V[. ∂k™m c¶_xøk

]KD ∞u√‚ΩÚÕ> J[≈VD WÁÈ› y¬ÔVB∫Ôπ™V_ ∂k[ ∂k]©√‚|¬

ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>V[. ∂k[ ÔVB∫Ô^ g§ ƒV>V´ WÁÈ ∂Á¶kÁ>

ºÂV¬˛fl E§>·ºk x[º™§¬ ÿÔVıΩÚÕ> ºkÁ·l_ ŒÚÂV^ ∂k™m

∂Á≈¬z kÕ> ŒÚ gEˆBÏ, ""¿ c™m √^π©√Ω©A √Ël_ tÔ°D ∏[

>∫˛lÚ©√]_ ÷ÚÕm c[Á™ *‚√>uÔVÔ ÂV[ ∂–©√©√‚|^º·[''

®[Æ Ì§™VÏ. ∂Õ>©Á√BM[ c¶_WÁÈ c¶™ΩBVÔ x[º™≈›

ÿ>V¶∫˛uÆ. ∂k[, ""ÂV[ ÷≈¬Ô©º√Vk>VÔ ÷ÚÕ]ÚÕ>V_, ∂kÏÔ^

ŒÚ gEˆBÁ´ ∂–©∏lÚ¬Ô \V‚¶VÏÔ^'' ®[Æ Ì§™V[.13 ÔÁ¶El_

∂k[ ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÿ√u§ÚÕ>V[!

xÕ]B √V¶D Œ[§_ z§©∏¶©√‚¶m º√V[Æ, ºk>VÔ\ ÂD∏¬ÁÔ

®[√m sÚ©√D WÁ≈Õ> WÁ™kVÔ \V›]´D ∂_È, g™V_ sÚ©√xD

®]Ï√VÏ©AD ÌΩB>VÔ c^·m. √VϬº· ®[√kÏ, ""˛§¸>k ÂD∏¬ÁÔ

®[√m, √BÕm Â|∫z˛≈, ŒÚºkÁ· º>k–Á¶B kV¬z›>›>∫Ô^

cıÁ\BV™ÁkÔ·VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD ®[Æ >B¬Ô\V™ ÂD∏¬ÁÔ

ÿÔVıΩÚ›>_ ∂_È. ∂ÁkÔ^ ƒ›]B›Á>› >s´ ºkÿ≈mkVÔ°D

÷Ú¬Ô xΩBVm ®[Æ Á>ˆB\VÔ ®]Ï√VÏ›]Ú›>ºÈ ˛§¸>k

ÂD∏¬ÁÔBVzD'' ®[Æ ®ø]™VÏ.14 ®∏ÿ´BÚ¬z WÚ√›Á> ®ø]

BkÏ, Â\m ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ""WÁÈ•D cÆ]•\V™>VÔ'' c^·ÿ>[Æ Ì§™VÏ

(®∏ÿ´BÏ 6:19).

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 115 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

116

>\m EÕ>Á™ÁB› ÿ>V¶ÏÕ> √°_, ""º>k\˛Á\l_ [doxa]” Â\m

ÂD∏¬ÁÔ c^·m ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ (kƒ™D 2g). ÷m ŒÚÂVπºÈ ÂVD

º>k\˛Á\ÁB¬ ÔVıº√VD ®[≈ Â\m ÂD∏¬ÁÔÁB¬ z§¬ÔÈVD

(\Vuz 13:26; y›m 2:13 g˛BkuÁ≈¬ ÔV°D). ÷m √´ºÈVÔ›]_

ÂVD ∂k´m ÿ>FTÔ \˛Á\l_ √∫ÔÁ¶kÁ> ∂Ï›>©√|›>ÈVD (RSV; REB; CJB ºk>VÔ\∫Ôπ_ ÔV°D). º´V\Ï 8_, ""˛§¸m°¶º™Ì¶

ÂVD \˛Á\©√|D√Ω¬z ∂kÚ¶º™Ì¶© √V|√‚¶V_ ∂©√ΩBVzD''

®[Æ √°_ ̧™VÏ (kƒ™D 17; 8:18; 9:23 g˛BkuÁ≈¬ ÔV°D).

÷[ÿ™VÚA≈›]_, ""º>k\˛Á\'' ®[√m Øtl[*m º>k\˛Á\ÁB©

∏´]√o›>_ √u§B Â\m ÂD∏¬ÁÔÁB¬ ÔÚ›>VÔ› ÿ>ˆs¬ÔÈVD.

\M>zÈ\V™m ""º>k–Á¶B ƒVBKD \˛Á\•\VlÚ¬zD√Ω''

cı¶V¬Ô©√‚¶m (1 ÿÔVˆÕ]BÏ 11:7; g]BVÔ\D 1:26, 27; 9:6; BV¬ºÔVA

3:9 g˛BkuÁ≈¬ ÔV°D), g™V_ \M>zÈ\V™m ""cÁ¶Õmº√V™

cÚkD'' g˛•^·m. √VkD WÁ≈Õ> \¬Ô^, ""∂as_ÈV> º>k–Á¶B

\˛Á\ÁB ∂a°^· \–≠ÏÔ^ √≈ÁkÔ^ tÚÔ∫Ô^ \uÆD

ªÚD∏´VËÔ^ g˛B ÷ÁkÔ”Á¶B ‘√∫Ô”¬z Œ©√VÔ \Vu§™VÏÔ^''

(º´V\Ï 1:23). ÷ÚÕ>º√V]KD, ˛§¸ms[ JÈ\VÔ, ÂVD ""º>k[ ÂVD

®ÀkVÆ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D ®[Æ >\m EÕÁ>l_ ÔÚ›m¬ÿÔVı|^·Vº´V,

∂ÀkVÿ≈_ÈVD gÔ'' xΩ˛≈m (5:2; LB). º\_Ì≈©√‚¶ BVkuÁ≈•D

""º>k–Á¶B ˛ÚÁ√'' ∑u§fl Ûµk>uzfl ƒV›]BD c^·m.

5:1-11 kƒ™©√z] xøk]KD, √°_ ¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|>_ ®[√m

Ô¶Õ>, WÔµ, \uÆD ®]ÏÔVÈ∫Ôπ_ gÊÏkV>∫ÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı| kÚk>V_,

∂m ∂ÔD\˛w¬ ÔV´\V˛≈m ®[√Á> ko•Æ›]™VÏ:

Ô¶Õ>ÔVÈD: ÂVD º>k–¶[ Œ©A´kV¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ¬ •˛º≈VD!

WÔµÔVÈD: ÂVD º>k–Á¶B ˛ÚÁ√l_ WÁÈWu˛º≈VD! •®]ÏÔVÈD: ÂVD º>k\˛Á\l[ ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬ •˛º≈VD!

÷Õ> \Vÿ√ÚD gÊÏkV>∫ÔÁ·© AˆÕmÿÔV^”>_ Â\m ÷Ú>B∫

Ô”¬zfl ƒ\V>V™›Á>¬ ÿÔVı|k´ºkı|D.

÷¶Ï©√V| c∫ÔÁ· º\[Á\•^·kÏÔ·V¬z

˛≈>V ∂_Èm Ôƒ©A^·kÏÔ·V¬z˛≈>V ®[√Á>

¿∫Ôº· yÏ\VM¬˛SÏÔ^ (5:3-5∂)""º>kM¶›]_ ƒ\V>V™D'' ÿ√u§Ú›>_ ®[≈ √°o[ kVÏ›Á>ÔÁ·

∂k´m kVƒÔÏÔ^ gµÕm EÕ]›m¬ÿÔVıΩÚ¬ÁÔl_ (kƒ™D 1),

ŒÚºkÁ· "", ®_ÈVD ƒˆBVÔ Â¶¬zDkÁ´l_, ÂVD WflƒB\VÔºk

º>k–¶[ ƒ\V>V™›Á>•D, ƒÕº>V≠›Á>•D ÂD∏¬ÁÔÁB•D

ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô xΩ•D. g™V_ º\Vƒ\V™ ºkÁ·Ô^ kÚDº√Vm s≠BD

®[™?'' ®[Æ WÁ™›]Ú¬ÔÈVD. º\Vƒ\V™ ºkÁ·Ô^ kÚD ®[√Á>©

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 116 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

117

√°_ AˆÕmÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏ. ∂kuÁ≈ ∂kÏ>Vº\ ∂–√s›]ÚÕ>VÏ.

A]>VÔ \™\V§lÚÕ>kÏÔ”¬z ∂kÏ ""ÂVD ∂ºÂÔ c√›]´k∫Ôπ[

kaBVF› º>k–Á¶B ´VÎB›]_ ∏´ºkE¬Ô ºkı|D'' ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ

(¶√ΩÔ^ 14:22). ÷ºB∑ >\m Ê≠ÏÔπ¶›]_, ""cÈÔ›]_ c∫Ô”¬z

c√›]´kD cı|'' ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ (ºBVkV[ 16:33). º´V\VAˆl_ ÷ÚÕ>

˛§¸>kÏÔ^, ÔΩ™\V™ ºkÁ·ÔÁ· ÷[™xD ∂–√s›]Ú¬Ôs_ÁÈ

®[≈V_, ∂kÏÔ^ ®]ÏÔVÈ›]_ ∂kuÁ≈ ∂–√s¬Ô ÷ÚÕ>™Ï (2 yº\V›

º>• 3:12n¬ ÔV°D).

÷¶Ï©√V| ®[√m >sÏ¬Ô ÷BÈV>>VÔ c^·m. sÁ´sºÈºBV,

∂_Èm >V\>\VÔºkV, Â\m ∏^Á·Ô^ Ô|Á\BVÔfl ºƒV]¬Ô©

√|kVÏÔ^. kVµs[ ÔΩ™\V™ W>σ™∫Ô”¬z ∂kÏÔÁ· ÂVD ®ÀkVÆ

>BVÏ©√|›> xΩ•D? m[AÆ>o[ \]©A*>V™ A]B ∞u√V‚Ω[

\Vÿ√ÚD ºk>kƒ™©√z]BV™ º´V\Ï 5:3-5[ ƒ›]B∫ÔÁ·, ∂kÏÔ^

\™]_ √]BÁk›>ÁȬ ÔV‚ΩKD º\[Á\BV™ ka ºkÆ ®m°D

÷_ÁÈ.15

√È gı|Ô”¬z x[A ÷Á·Q´VlÚÕ> ∏ˆ‚¶[ ÂV‚|›

#>Ï ŒÚkÏ, Ê©AÚ›ys[ g”´VÔ© √ËBVu§¬ ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏ,

∂©º√Vm ∂kÏ ∂´EBo_ ÿÔV]¬zD ÛµWÁÈ Œ[§_ >VD ÷ÚÕ>Á>¬

Ôı¶§Õ>VÏ. ÔkÁÈ©√‚¶ ∂k´m >ÕÁ>BVÏ ∂kÚ¬z gº≈ gÆ

kVÏ›Á>Ô^ ÿÔVı¶ >Õ] Œ[Á≈ g–©∏lÚÕ>VÏ: ""÷´ı| ÿÔVˆÕ

]BÏ ÂV[z, ®‚| \uÆD Œ[√m.'' ∂Õ> ÷·D g”ÂÏ ºk> kƒ™©

√z]ÁB kVE›>VÏ: ""ÂV∫Ô^ ®©√¬Ô›]KD ÿÂÚ¬Ô©√‚|D Œ|∫˛©º√V˛≈

]_ÁÈ; ÔȬÔ\Á¶ÕmD \™x§kÁ¶˛≈]_ÁÈ; m[√©√|›>©√‚|D

ÁÔs¶©√|˛≈]_ÁÈ, ˇºw >^·©√‚|D \ΩÕm º√V˛≈]_ÁÈ''

(2 ÿÔVˆÕ]BÏ 4:8, 9). >™m >ÕÁ>l[ \™WÁȬz WD\] ∂π©√>uÔVÔ

∂Õ> ÷Á·QÏ nÕm kVÏ›Á>ÔÁ·› >Õ]l_ ]Ú©∏ ∂–©∏™VÏ:

""º´V\Ï nÕm, J[Æ \uÆD ÂV[z.'' ÷Àkƒ™D Â\m kƒ™©√z]l[ √VÔ

\VÔ c^·m: ""∂m\V›]´\_È, c√›]´kD ÿ√VÆÁ\ÁB•D, ÿ√VÆÁ\

√Z‚ÁƒÁB•D, √Z‚Áƒ ÂD∏¬ÁÔÁB•D cı¶V¬z˛≈ÿ>[Æ ÂV∫Ô^

∂§Õm, c√›]´k∫ÔπºÈ•D º\[Á\ √V´V‚|˛º≈VD'' (º´V\Ï 5:3,

4).16

""c√›]´k∫Ô^'' (kƒ™D 3)

3D kƒ™D, ""∂m \V›]´\_È [ÂVD Â_ºkÁ·Ôπ_ ∂ÔD\˛µkm

\V›]´\_È], g™V_ c√›]´k∫ÔπºÈ•D º\[Á\√V´V‚|˛º≈VD''

®[Æ ÿ>V¶∫z˛≈m [>tµ ºk>VÔ\›]_ ÷m 4D kƒ™\VÔ c^·m]. ""c√›]´k∫Ô^'' ®[Æ ÿ\Vaÿ√BϬԩ√‚|^· ˛º´¬Ô kVÏ›Á>,

""∂ø›m˛≈ ŒÚ ∂ø›>D ®[≈ x>[Á\ ∂Ï›>D >Ú˛≈'' thlipsis ®[√>[

√[Á\ kΩk\VÔ c^·m.17 ÷m Œok sÁ>Ôπ_ ÷ÚÕm ®ıÿF

∂_Èm ]´V‚ƒ¬ ÔMÔπ_ ÷ÚÕm ´ƒ›Á>© ∏aÕÿ>|›>ÁÈ skˆ¬Ô©

√B[√|›>©√‚¶ ∂º> kÁÔBV™ kVÏ›Á>BVÔ ÷ÚÕ>m. ""c√›]´k∫Ô^''

®[Æ kÚD ÷¶›]_, AB ºk>VÔ\D “pressure and affliction and hardship” ®[≈ ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶Á´© √B[√|›m˛≈m. √È s≠B∫Ô^ ˛§¸>kÁ´

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 117 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

118

""∂ø›>'' Ì|D: ""º>Ák \uÆD ÿ>V_ÁÈR‚|D ÛµWÁÈÔ^, kÚ›>D,

m[AÆ›>©√|>_, ∏´√È\u≈>[Á\, \uÆD >MÁ\©√|›>©√|>_.''18

cÈÔk´ÈVu§[ √_ºkÆ ÔVÈÔ‚¶∫Ôπ_, ""c√›]´kD'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>

\´›][ ∂fl∑Æ›m>ÁÈ c^·¶¬˛lÚÕm^·m.

c√›]´k∫Ô^ kÚDº√Vm - ∂ÁkÔ^ kÚD - Â\m ®]ÏflÿƒB_

®[™kVÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D? AÈDA>_ \uÆD ÿ√ÚJfl∑s|>_,

xbxb›>_, \uÆD xÁ≈l|>_ ®[√ÁkºB ÿ√VmkV™

®]ÏflÿƒB_Ô·VÔ c^·™. ÂDt_ EÈÏ, c√›]´k∫Ô^ ÿkÆ\º™

ƒ˛¬Ô©√¶ ºkıΩBÁk ®[Æ WÁ™¬˛º≈VD. ÷Ú©∏–D, √°_ Â\¬z©

∏´flƒÁ™Ô^ kÚDº√Vm ÂVD ƒÕº>V≠©√¶ ºkı|D ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ.

ƒÕº>V≠©√|>_? ∂Á> ÂV[ ƒˆBVÔ kVE›º>™V? ŒÚ \M>Ï >™m

xÔ›]_ ÿ√ˆB A[™ÁÔ•¶[ ÷_È›]uz kÕm >[ \Á™sl¶›]_,

""÷[Æ cıÁ\lºÈºB ®™¬z ŒÚ Â_È ÂV·VÔ ÷ÚÕ>m! ÂV[ ŒÚ

˛§¸>k™VÔ ÷Ú©√>uÔVÔ ÂV^ xøkmD ∏≈´V_ ÷Ôw©√‚º¶[,

∂º™Ô\VÔ ÂV[ ®[ ºkÁÈÁB ÷w¬Ô©º√V˛º≈[. ∂m tÔ Â_È

s≠B\_ÈkV?'' ®[Æ ÌÆk>VÔ¬ Ôu√Á™ ÿƒFm√VÚ∫Ô^.19

Â\m kVµs_ c√›]´kD kÕm^·m ®[√>uÔVÔ \V›]´D

ÂVD ƒÕº>V≠©√¶ ºkı|D ®[Æ √°_ Ì≈s_ÁÈ ®[√Á>©

AˆÕmÿÔV^”∫Ô^. ∂kÏ ºk>Á™l_ ƒÕº>V≠©√|˛≈ ºk>Á™l_

\˛µkÁ¶•D WÁÈÁB© √ˆÕmÁ´¬Ôs_ÁÈ. \V≈VÔ, ∂kÏ >sϬÔ

xΩBV> WÔµ°Ô”D c√›]´k∫Ô”D kÚDº√Vm, ƒÕº>V≠©√|k>uz

∂©º√VmD̶ ÂVD ÔV´∫Ô^ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô ºkı|D - ∞ÿ™[≈V_,

ÂDÁ\ º\[Á\BV™ \¬Ô·V¬Ô› º>k[ Â\m ∏´flƒÁ™ÔÁ·©

√B[√|›>¬Ì|D. c√›]´kD ®[√m Ôƒ©√V™ \´\VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD,

g™V_ ∂m ŒÚ ÔMBu≈ \´\VÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D ®[≈ ∂kEBD

÷_ÁÈ;20 ∂m gflƒˆB\V™ ÔMÁB cı¶V¬Ô¬Ì|D.

""ÿ√VÆÁ\'' (kƒ™D 3)

√°_ WÔµflEÔπ[ kˆÁƒÿBV[Á≈ kÁ´z§©∏|k>[JÈD, ÂVD

c√›]´k∫Ôπ_ ®ÀkVÆ ∂ÔD\˛w xΩ•D ®[√Á> s·¬˛™VÏ.

∂kÏ, ""c√›]´kD ÿ√VÆÁ\ÁB•D ... cı¶V¬zÿ\[Æ ÂV∫Ô^

[s∑kVƒ›]™V_] ∂§Õm''21 ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ (kƒ™D 3). “Perseverance” ®[√m hupomone ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>Ôπ_ ÷ÚÕm kÚ˛≈m, ÷m “[ÔΩ™

\V™ ÛµWÁÈl[]ˇµ WÁÈ Wuz>_'' ®[Æ ∂Ï›>©√|˛≈m.22 ÷m ®[™

¶Õ>VKD - ÿ>V¶ÏÕm ÿƒ_k>uz - WÁÈBVÔ°D cÆ]BVÔ°D WÁÈ›m

÷Ú›>ÁȬ z§¬˛≈m. º¶_ «VÏ‚º\[ ®[√kÏ, ÷m ÔVÁÈl_ ®øÕm

Â\m cÁ¶ÔÁ· ∂ËÕmÿÔVı|, ÷[–D ŒÚÂV^ ˛§¸m°¬ÔVÔ

kVw› yÏ\V™D ÿƒFkÁ>¬ z§©√>VÔ¬ ÔÚ›m› ÿ>ˆs›>VÏ.23 ∂Õ>

kVÏ›Á>ÁB √VϬº· ®[√kÏ “fortitude” ®[Æ ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ›m, ÷m

""ÿƒBÈu≈kÁÔl_ [ÿkÆ\º™] ƒ˛›m¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ›>ÈVÔ ÷_ÈV\_,

g™V_ kVµs[ ºƒV>Á™ÔÁ·•D c√›]´k∫ÔÁ·•D ÿƒB_

xÁ™©A¶[ º\uÿÔV^”>ÈVÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈m ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ.''24

ºƒV>Á™Ôπ_ ÷ÚÕm ºÂÏ\Á≈BV™ sÁ·°Ô^ >V™VÔºk

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 118 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

119

∞u√|k]_ÁÈ. √È \¬Ô”¬z m[AÆ>_ ®[√m ƒ˛©A›

>[Á\ÁB ∂_È, g™V_ Ôƒ©AÏÁk•D \™x§Ák•D cı¶V¬z

˛≈m. c√›]´k›Á> s∑kVƒ›m¶[ ÂVD ƒÕ]›>V_ \V›]´º\ ∂m

ÿ√VÆÁ\ÁB¬ ÿÔVı|kÚD. ÂVD Â\m ]´Vˬz tfiE ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶

º>k[ ∂–\]¬Ô\V‚¶VÏ ®[Æ s∑kVE¬˛º≈VD (1 ÿÔVˆÕ]BÏ

10:13). º>k[ ƒÔÈ›Á>•D Â[Á\¬z ∞mkVÔºk ¶›mkVÏ ®[Æ

s∑kVE¬˛º≈VD (º´V\Ï 8:28). º>k–Á¶B c>s•¶[ ÂDÁ\

ºƒV>Á™Ô^ º\[Á\BV™ \¬Ô·V¬Ô xΩ•D ®[Æ s∑kVE¬˛º≈VD.

ºƒV>Á™Ô^ ®ÀkVÆ ÂDÁ\ º\[Á\BV™kÏÔ^ g¬Ô xΩ•D?

ÿÔV^ÁÔ tÔ°D √w¬Ô\V™>VÔ c^·m. ŒÚ >ÁƒBV™m ®]Ϭԩ

√‚¶VÈ[§, ∂m √È\VÔ k·´ ÷BÈVm. cºÈVÔ JÈÔD ÿÂÚ©∏˚º¶

Ô¶Õm ÿƒ[≈VÈ[§, ∂m #FÁ\BV¬Ô©√‚¶ cºÈVÔ\VÔ ÷BÈVm.

∂mº√VȺk (WÁ™©A \˛µku≈>VÔ ÷ÚÕ>VKD), ºƒV>Á™Ôπ[§

ÂVD gs¬zˆB kÁÔl_ ÷Ú¬ÔºkıΩB ∏´ÔV´\VÔ ŒÚ¬ÔVKD

÷Ú¬Ô ÷BÈVm. º¶_ «VÏ‚º\[ ®[√kÏ g¬È«V\V ˛§¸>k¬

Ô_ŸˆloÚÕm √‚¶Dÿ√u≈º√Vm, ∂k´m gEˆBÚD ∂k´m

kaÔV‚Ω•\V™, NRºÔV ÿ\¬ÔVÏ| ®[√kÏ, ""c∫ÔÁ·© √B[

WÁ≈Õ>k´VÔ¬ ÔV›m¬ÿÔV^k>uz© º√Vm\V™ ∂·° ºƒV>Á™ÔÁ·›

º>k[ c∫Ô”¬z ∂–©√ ºkı|D ®[Æ ÂV[ ÿ¤∏›m¬ÿÔV^˛º≈[''

®[Æ Ì§™VÏ!25

""√Z‚Áƒ'' (kƒ™D 3)

∂|›>>VÔ© √°_, ""ÿ√VÆÁ\ √Z‚ÁƒÁB•D [cı¶V¬z˛≈m]” ®[Æ

̧™VÏ (kƒ™D 3). ""√Z‚Áƒ'' ®[√m dokime ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>l_ ÷ÚÕm

kÚ˛≈m, ÷m ""A]B ∞u√V‚Ω_ ∑›>\VÔ© √°K¬ºÔ cˆB kVÏ›Á>BVzD

... ÷m "ºƒV]›>_' [dokimazo] ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>•¶[ ÿ>V¶ÏAÁ¶Bm,

\uÆD ÷m ºƒV]¬Ô©√|>K¬z WÁÈWuzD √ı√VÔ c^·m.''26

ys´\V™ ∏´flƒÁ™ ®Á>•D ÿÔVıΩ´V> ˛§¸>kÏ ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶V>

˛§¸>k´VÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ. >™¬z ∞u√|D ºƒV>Á™ÔÁ·› º>k–

Á¶B c>s•¶[ ÿku§Ô´\VÔfl ƒÕ]›]Ú¬zD ŒÚkÏ/ŒÚ›],

" "ºƒV]¬Ô©√‚¶k´V[·V]Ô''°D " "W‘∏¬Ô©√‚¶k´V[·V]Ô''°D

÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ[^]. A]>VF ºkÁȬz› º>ÏÕmÿÔV^·©√‚|^·kÚ¬zD

•›>›]™V_ ºƒV]¬Ô©√‚¶ ∂–√kƒVo¬zD ÷Á¶l_ ºkÆ√V| c^·m.

˛§¸m°¬z^ ""zwÕÁ>''BVÔ ÷Ú©√>uzD º>k–Á¶B ""√¬zk©√‚¶''

∏^Á·BVÔ ÷Ú©√>uzD ÷Á¶l_ ºkÆ√V| c^·m (®∏ÿ´BÏ 5:13,

14). ""√Z‚E¬Ô©√‚¶'' ŒÚ ˛§¸>kÏ ÂD∏¬ÁÔ¬z cˆBk´VÔ°D ƒVÏÕ

]Ú¬Ô©√¶¬ ÌΩBk´VÔ°D c^·VÏ. ∂kÏ Ô¶Õ>ÔVÈ›]_ >DÁ\

s∑kVƒD WÁ≈Õ>k´VÔ¬ ÔVı∏›]Ú©√>V_, ƒºÔV>´ÏÔ^ ∂kÁ´fl

ƒVÏÕ]Ú¬Ô >B∫Ô\V‚¶VÏÔ^.

""ÂD∏¬ÁÔ'' (kƒ™D 3)

""√Z‚Áƒ ÂD∏¬ÁÔÁB•D cı¶V¬z˛≈m'' ®[Æ ÌÆk>[JÈD

√°_ >\m ÌuÆkˆÁƒÁB WÁ≈°ÿƒF>VÏ (kƒ™D 3). ÔÏ›>Ú¬z^

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 119 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

120

s∑kVƒ›m¶[ ÂVD Â\m c√›]´k∫ÔÁ· ƒÕ]¬zDº√Vm, ÂVD

ÿ√VÆÁ\BVlÚ¬Ô¬ ÌΩBkÏÔ^ g˛º≈VD. ÿ√VÆÁ\BVlÚ©√]™V_

ÂVD ""√Z‚ÁƒÁBfl ƒÕ]¬˛º≈VD'' \uÆD gs¬zˆB kÁÔl_

√¬zk©√|˛º≈VD. ÷Ák BV°D ÂDÁ\, º>k–Á¶B kV¬z›>›>∫Ô^

WflƒB\V™Ák ®[Æ ÂD∏ ÷∫Ôfl ÿƒF˛[≈™ (2 ÿÔVˆÕ]BÏ 1:20n¬

ÔV°D). º>k[ ŒÚº√VmD ÂDÁ\ s‚| sÈzkmD ÷_ÁÈ ÂDÁ\¬

ÁÔs|kmD ÷_ÁÈ ®[Æ kV¬z›>›>D ÿƒF>VÏ (®∏ÿ´BÏ 13:5),

\uÆD ∂kÏ ∂ÀkVÆ ÿƒF>]_ÁÈ. º>k[ Â\m ]´VˬztfiE ÂVD

ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶ ÷¶∫ÿÔV|©√]_ÁÈ ®[Æ kV¬z›>›>D ÿƒF>VÏ

(1 ÿÔVˆÕ]BÏ 10:13), \uÆD ∂kÏ ∂ÀkVÆ ÿƒFk]_ÁÈ. ∂kÏ Â\m

kVµs_ ~|√V| ÿÔVı|, ƒÔÈ›Á>•D Â\m Â[Á\¬z ∞mkVÔ

¶©∏©√>VÔ kV¬z›>›>D ÿƒF>VÏ (º´V\Ï 8:28), \uÆD ∂kÏ >\m

kVÏ›Á>¬z cıÁ\•^·k´VÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ. ÷ÀkVÆ º>k–¬z^”D

∂k´m kV¬z›>›>∫Ô”¬z^”D ÂVD ÿÔVı|^· ÂD∏¬ÁÔ,

ÂV”¬zÂV^ k·Ú˛≈m.

√°o[ ÌuÆkˆÁƒ› ÿ>V¶Ï ÂD∏¬ÁÔÁB¬ ÿÔVı| ∂§xÔ©

√|›>©√‚| (kƒ™D 2), ÂD∏¬ÁÔÁB¬ ÿÔVı| xΩ˛≈m (kƒ™D 3).

÷Á> ÂVD ""c^πÁ°ÿÔVı¶ √B[Ôπ[ k‚¶D'' ®[≈ kÁÔl_

WÁ™¬ÔÈVD.27

ÂD∏¬ÁÔ

ÿ√VÆÁ\

√Z‚Áƒ c√›]´k∫Ô^

ÂVD ÿÔVı|^·º√Vm

c>°˛≈m

ÿÔVı|kÚ˛≈m

ÿÔVı|kÚ˛≈m

ÿÔVı|kÚ˛≈m

√°_, ""∂Õ> ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÂDÁ\ ÿk‚Ô©√|›>Vm'' ®[Æ Ì|>ÈVÔ¬

̧™VÏ (kƒ™D 5g). ""ÿk‚Ô©√|›>Vm'' ®[√m ""ÿk‚Ô©√|›m>_''

(aischuno [""ÿk‚ÔD''] ®[√m kata ®[√>V_ √È©√|›>©√‚¶) kataischuno ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>loÚÕm kÚ˛≈m. ""ÿk‚ÔD'' [÷m g∫˛È›]_ “disap-point” ®[Æ^·m] ®[√m 1:16_ ""ÿk‚Ô©√|›m>_'' ®[√>uzˆB ∂º>

ºkÏkVÏ›Á>ÁB¬ ÿÔVı|^·m. √°o[ EÕ>Á™ √_ºkÆ kaÔπ_

s·¬˛•Á´¬Ô©√¶ xΩ•D. Â\m ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÂDÁ\ ŒÚº√VmD

ƒ∫Ô¶©√|›>Vm; ∂m ÂDÁ\¬ ˇwV¬Ô ∂–\]¬ÔVm. ÂVD

EÈkuÁ≈© ÿ√ƺkVD ®[Æ ÂD∏ ®]Ï√VÏ›]ÚÕm ∂Á>© ÿ√≈

s_ÁÈ ®[Æ \u≈kÏÔπ¶›]_ ÌÆ>_ tÔ°D ƒ∫Ô¶›]uz cˆB>VÔ

c^·m - g™V_ º´V\Ï 5_ c^· ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ∂©√Ω©√‚¶>_È.

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 120 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

121

º>k[ kV¬z›>›>D ÿƒFm^·m ®mºkV, ∂m ÂÁ¶ÿ√ÆD. ÔÏ›>Ï*m

ÂVD ÿÔVı|^· Â\m ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÂDÁ\¬ ˇwV¬ÔVm, ∞ÿ™[≈V_ ÔÏ›>Ï

ÂDÁ\¬ ˇwV¬Ô\V‚¶VÏ.

¿∫Ô^ ÿÔVı|^· WÁÈ©√V| √u§ ÂV[ ∂§k]_ÁÈ. ŒÚºkÁ·

¿∫Ô ÷B_√VÔºk ∂Á™›]KD Â[Á\ºB sÁ·•D ®[≈ ®ı©º√V¬z

cÁ¶Bk´VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD. ŒÚºkÁ· ¿∫Ô^ yÁ\ºB sÁ·•D ®[≈

®ı©º√V¬˛uzfl ƒVFÕ>k´VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD, ∂_Èm ¿∫Ô c∫ÔÁ· cıÁ\

kV] ®[Æ ∂Áw¬ÔÈVD. ÷Ú©∏–D, ŒÚ ˛§¸>kÏ ®[≈ kÁÔl_, tÔ°D

x¬˛B\V™ s≠B›Á>© ÿ√VÆ›>\‚Ω_ ¿∫Ô ""®]KD Â[Á\ºB sÁ·•D

®[≈ ®ı©º√V¬z'' cÁ¶Bk´VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔxΩ•D: ¿∫Ô^ ®]ÏÔVÈ›]uÔVÔ

ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô°D ¿∫Ô^ ∞\Vu≈D ∂Á¶B\V‚œÏÔ^ ®[Æ

∂§B°D xΩ•D.

÷Á> ¿∫Ô^ ∂§km ∂kEB\V? gD. ¿∫Ô^ BVÚ¬z© º√V]¬˛SϺ·V,

∂kÏÔ^ ÷Á> ∂§B ºkı|\V? gD. c∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô^ ÷Á> ∂§B

ºkı|\V? WflƒB\VÔ! ∂kÏÔ^ >∫Ô^ kVµs_ ÷¶Ï©√V|ÔÁ·

®]Ï√VϬԬÌ|D ®[√Á> ∂§B ∂–\]•∫Ô^, g™V_ ∂kÏÔ^

÷¶Ï©√V|ÔÁ· s∑kVƒ›m¶[ ƒÕ]›>V_, ∂kÏÔπ[ ∏´flƒÁ™Ô^

∂kÏÔÁ· º\[Á\BV™kÏÔ·V¬zD, Ôƒ©√V™kÏÔ^ g¬ÔVm! ∂kÏÔ^

÷·D kB]_ ÷Ú¬zDº√Vº> ÷Á>© AˆÕmÿÔV^kVÏÔ·V? ∂º™Ô\VÔ

\V‚¶VÏÔ^ - g™V_ ∂Á>© º√V]•∫Ô^ ... \uÆD ∂Á> c∫Ô^

kVµs_ ÿƒB_s·¬Ô©√|›m∫Ô^. ŒÚÂVπ_, ∂m c∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô^

ÔÏ›>Ú¶[ >∫˛lÚ¬˛≈VÏÔ·V ∂_Èm ∂kÁ´ s‚| sÈ˛lÚ¬˛≈VÏÔ·V

®[√]_ ºkÆ√V‚Á¶ ∞u√|›>¬Ì|D.

®[™ ¶Õ>VKD, ∏[kÚD gflƒˆB\V™ ƒ›]

B›Á>© √u§¬ÿÔVıΩÚ∫Ô^: º>k[ c∫ÔÁ·

∂[AÌÚ˛≈VÏ! (5:5g-8)ŒÀÿkVÚkÚD ∂[AÌ´©√¶ ºkı|D ®[Æ sÚDA˛º≈VD.

ŒÀÿkVÚkÚD, ∂kÏ/∂k^ BVÚ¬ºÔ–D x¬˛B\V™k´VÔ ÷Ú©√>VÔ

c´ sÚDA˛º≈VD. ""xbxb›>_ √Z‚Áƒ'' ®[Æ ∂Áw¬Ô©√|D

ÔÁ>ÿBV[Æ^·m. ∂m zwÕÁ>BVlÚ¬ÁÔl_ ª™xu§ÚÕm, cÚkaÕ>

WÁÈl_ ÷ÚÕ> ŒÚ ÿ√ı ®ø]B ÔÁ>BVzD. ÷·Dÿ√ı ®[≈ kÁÔl_,

∂k^ ®kÿ´VÚkÚD >[Á™ ∂[AÿƒFkm ƒV›]B\_È ®[Æ cÏÕ>V^.

ŒÚ √^π gıΩ[º√Vm, ∂k·m gEˆBÏ ∂k”¬z ºÔ‚¶o_ ŒÚ ®πB

º>ÏÁk¬ ÿÔV|›>VÏ. Ô>kÚ˛_ ŒÚ \Vs W[Æ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬ÁÔl_,

>™m ÿ¶¸˛_ ∂\ÏÕ]Ú¬ÁÔl_ gEˆBÏ ŒÚ EÈ kVÏ›Á>ÔÁ·

xbxb©√VÏ. ∏[A ∂Õ> \Vs ∂k·m ÿ¶¸¬ ∂Ú˛_ kÕm >V[

ºÔ‚¶m ®[™ ®[Æ Ì≈ºkı|D. ∂Õ>©ÿ√ıË[ xÁ≈ kÕ>º√Vm,

∂k^ Ô>kÚ˛_ W[Æ xbxb›>K¬ÔVÔ¬ ÔV›]ÚÕ>V^. gEˆBÏ

̧Bm ÷m>V[: ""¿ ®™m EÆÿ√ıVÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D ®[Æ ÂV[

sÚDA˛º≈[.'' ∂Õ> ∞ø kVÏ›Á>Ô^ >™m kVµÁk \Vu§B>VÔ ∂Õ>©

ÿ√ı\Ë ∏u√V| ®ø]™VÏ.28

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 121 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

122

c∫ÔÁ· ∂[AÿƒFB© √ÈÁ´ ¿∫Ô^ ÿ√u§Ú©¨ÏÔ^ ®[Æ ÂV[

ÂDA˛º≈[ (ºBVkV[ 13:34), g™V_ ¿∫Ô^ ∂ÀkVÆ ÿ√u§ÚÕ>VKD

÷_ÁÈÿB[≈VKD, ∂ÀkVÆ ÿƒF˛≈ ŒÚkÏ ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ ®[√Á> ¿∫Ô^

∂§BxΩ•D: ∂kÏ ÔÏ›>Ï. √°_ ƒÕ]›> √È m[√∫Ôπ[ \›]lKD

∂kÏ ∏[kÚD ŒÚ cıÁ\ÁB ÂD∏ ∞uƬÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏ: ∂kÁ´›

º>k[ ∂[AÌÏÕ>VÏ! ÷mºk ∂k´m ƒ\V>V™›]uz¬ ÔV´\VÔ, ∂k´m

ƒÕº>V≠›]uz g>V´JÈ\VÔ \uÆD ∂k´m ÂD∏¬ÁÔ¬z ∂¸]√V´\VÔ

÷ÚÕ>m.

ÂVD ¿]\V[Ô·V¬Ô©√|k][ gÊÏkV>∫ÔÁ·©√u§© º√E

lÚ¬˛º≈VD. BVº´–D ŒÚkÏ, ""g™V_ ÷Õ> gÊÏkV>∫Ô^

®[–Á¶BÁkÔ·VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔxΩ•D ®[√>uz ÂV[ ÿ√uÆ^· W‘√D

®[™?'' ®[Æ gflƒˆB©√¶ÈVD. ÷∫z c∫Ô”¬z W‘√D c^·m; ÷∫z

kVµs_ c∫Ô”¬z ®[™ ¶Õ>VKD ¿∫Ô^ √u§¬ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô¬ÌΩB

cıÁ\WÁÈ c^·m: º>k[ c∫Ô^*m ∂[AÌÚ˛≈VÏ - \uÆD ∂kÏ

>\m ∂[Á√› ]ÚD√› ]ÚD√fl ÿƒB_s·¬Ô©√|›] ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ. 5

x>_ 8 kÁ´ c^· kƒ™∫Ôπ_, √°_ º>k–Á¶B ∂[∏[ ÷´ı|

ÿkπ©√V|ÔÁ·¬ z§©∏‚¶VÏ.

√ˆ∑›> gsBV™kˆ[ k´D (kƒ™D 5g)

˛§¸m°¬z^ Â\m ÂD∏¬ÁÔÁB© √u§› ÿ>V¶ÏÕm º√EB]_ √°_

""º>k∂[A29 ÂDxÁ¶B ÷Ú>B∫Ôπ_ ªu≈©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈√ΩBV_, ∂Õ>

ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÂDÁ\ ÿk‚Ô©√|›>Vm'' ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ (kƒ™D 5∂, g). º´V\

Ú¬z ®ø]B WÚ√›]_ º>k∂[A ®[√m ÷∫z>V[ x>[xÁ≈BVÔ¬

z§©∏¶©√‚|^·m ®[√m ]ÁÔ©A¬zˆB cıÁ\BVzD. √°o[

÷ÕWÚ√D, º>k[ Â\¬z¬ ˛ÚÁ√BVÔfl ÿƒFm^· ®_ÈVkuÁ≈© √u§•D

º√E•^·m, g™V_ ÷©º√Vm ÷m º>k[ ∞[ ∂kuÁ≈fl ÿƒF]Ú¬˛≈VÏ

®[Æ ÿkπ©√|›m˛≈m: ∞ÿ™[≈V_ ∂kÏ ÂD*m ∂[AÌÚ˛≈VÏ.

Agape ®[√º> ∂[A ®[√>uÔV™ [˛º´¬Ô] kVÏ›Á>BVzD: ÷m

W√Õ>Á™Bu≈ ∂[A, ∂[AÌ´©√|√kÚ¬z tÔflE≈Õ>kuÁ≈ ÂV|˛≈ ∂[A

®[√>VÔ c^·m. ÷Õ> ∂[A ""Â\m ÷Ú>B∫Ôπ_ ªu≈©30√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m.''

""ªu≈©√|>_'' ®[√m ekcheo ®[≈ ˛º´¬Ô kVÏ›Á>l–Á¶B ºÂ´Ω

ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ©√VzD, ÷ÀkVÏ›Á> ""ÿkπºB'' (ek) ®[√m¶[ ""ªuÆ>_''

(cheo) ®[√Á> Œ[§Á›m© ÿ√≈©√‚|^·m.31 ∂Õ> ""ªu≈©√|>_''

®[√m, º>k[ >\m ∂[∏_ Ôfiƒ›>™\VÔ ÷Ú©√]_ÁÈ ®[√Á>

ko•Æ›m˛≈m. √°_, ""k≈ı|˛¶¬zD ÂV‚|©A≈›]_ søD ÿ√ÚD

\Áwl[ cÚkÔ›Á>'' √B[√|›]™VÏ.32 NRºÔV ÿ\¬ÔVÏ| ®[√kˆ[

∏[kÚD ÂÁÔfl∑ÁkBV™ s·¬Ô›Á> ÂV[ sÚDA˛º≈[: ""º>k[ >\m

∂[Á√ ªuÆDº√Vm, ∂kÏ ŒÚ ÿ√ˆB kVπÁB© √B[√|›]™VÏ!''33

√°_, ÷Õ> ∂[A ""Â\¬z ∂Ú·©√‚¶ √ˆ∑›> gsl™VºÈ ...

ÂDxÁ¶B ÷Ú>B∫Ôπ_ ªu≈©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m'' ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ (kƒ™D

5g, ÷). ÷Õ> WÚ√›]_ Ô¶Õm ÿƒ_k>VÔ© √ˆ∑›> gsBV™kÏ

z§©∏¶©√‚|^·VÏ (1:4; 2:29), g™V_ ÷m>V[ §¸>kÏÔπ[ kVµs_

gsBV™kÏ ˛ˆÁB ÿƒFk>VÔ¬ Ì≈©√|D x>_ z§©AÁ´BVzD.34 ŒÚkÏ

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 122 7/17/09 8:42:15 AM

123

¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|˛≈º√Vm, ∂kÏ ˛§¸m°¬z^ \Vu≈©√|˛≈º√Vm,

∂kÚÁ¶B kVµs_ √ˆ∑›> gsBV™kÏ ∏´ºkE¬˛≈VÏ. ""®_ÈV

s∑kVEÔ”¬zD ∂kÏÔπ[ \Æ∏≈©∏[º√Vm ∂>Vkm ∂kÏÔ^

˛§¸m°¬z^ QV™¸ÂV™Dÿ√ÆDº√Vm (¶√ΩÔ^ 2:38 x>_)''35 - ""√ˆ∑›> gsBV™kÏ ∂Ú·©√|˛≈VÏ.''36

√ˆ∑›> gsBV™kˆ[ ˛ˆÁB º´V\Ï 8D ∂]ÔV´›]_ ÔÈÕ

mÁ´BV¶©√|D. ÷Às¶›]_, ∂k´m ÿƒB_√V‚Ω[ ŒÚ ∂DƒD

z§©∏¶©√‚|^·m: º>k ∂[A ÂD ÷Ú>B∫Ô”¬z^ gsBV™kÏ

JÈ\VÔ ªu≈©√‚|^·m. ÷Á> gsBV™kÏ ®ÀkVÆ ÿƒF˛≈VÏ

®[√Á> ÂVD º√V>™Z]BVÔ ®|›mÁ´¬Ô ÷BÈVm. ∂k´m ∂uA>

\u≈ ÿƒB_√V‚Á¶© ÿ√VÆ›>\‚Ω_, √ˆ∑›> gsBV™kÏ >VD ∞sB

kƒ™›][ JÈ\VÔ¬ ˛ˆÁB ÿƒF˛≈VÏ ®[√m ŒÚ ]≈°ºÔV_ ka

BVÔ c^·m (®º√EBÏ 6:17; 2 º√mÚ 1:21). ∂kÏ ˛§¸>kÏÔ”¬z^·VÔ

kVƒD√ıb˛≈VÏ ®[√Á>© √È kƒ™©√z]Ô^ ko•Æ›m˛[≈™

(®|›m¬ÔV‚¶VÔ, º´V\Ï 8:9-11n¬ ÔV°D). \uÆD √°_ º´V\Ï 8_, √ˆ∑›>

gsBV™kˆ[ ˛ˆÁBÁB º>k–Á¶B ∂Úπ´¬Ô›m¶[ ÿÂÚ∫˛©

∏Á›>√ΩBV_ (kƒ™∫Ô^ 26-28), gsBV™kÏ ""∂Úπ´¬Ô›m¶[''

˛ˆÁB ÿƒF˛≈VÏ ®[ÆD ÂVD Ì≈ÈVD. ∂kÏ Â\m kVµÁk

gÊÏk]¬zD√ΩBVÔ WÔµflEÔÁ· Œø∫z√|›m˛≈VÏ.

∏[A, √°_ Â\¬z ∂Ú·©√‚¶ √ˆ∑›> gsl™VºÈ º>k ∂[A

ÂDxÁ¶B ÷Ú>B∫Ôπ_ ªu≈©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m ®[Æ Ì§Bº√Vm ∂kÏ

®Á> ∂Ï›>©√|›]™VÏ? º>k[ >\m ∂·ku≈ ∂[∏[ g>V´\VÔ Â\¬z©

√ˆ∑›> gsBV™kÏ ∂Ú·©√|˛≈VÏ ®[Æ ∂kÏ ∂Ï›>©√|›] ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD

(¶√ΩÔ^ 2:38; 5:32). √°o[ ÌuÆ©√Ω, √ˆ∑›> gsBV™kˆ[ k´D

Â\m A›]´∑sÔV´›][ W‘√\VÔ c^·m (ÔÈV›]BÏ 4:6). gsBV™kÏ

""ÂDxÁ¶B ∑>Õ>´›][ ∂flƒV´\VÔ'' >´©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈VÏ (®º√EBÏ 1:14) - ÷m ∂Õ> ∑>Õ>´›]uz ""x[sÁÈ'' \uÆD ""c›>´kV>D'' ®[≈ kÁÔl_

Â\¬z ∂Ú·©√‚|^·m. ÷ÀkV≈VÔ º´V\Ï 5:5g kƒ™D, ""Â\¬z

∂Ú·©√‚|^· √ˆ∑›> gsBV™kˆ[ [>MflE≈©A© √u§B Â\m

∂§s[] JÈ\VÔ Â\m ÷Ú>B∫Ô”¬z^ º>k ∂[A ªu≈©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m''

®[Æ ÿ√Va©AÁ´ ÿƒFB©√¶ xΩ•D. ÷Õ> s·¬ÔD ""ÂD∏¬ÁÔ'' √u§B

√°o[ ko•Æ›>›m¶[ ∏Á√|D.

5D kƒ™D ÿ>V¶ÏÕm kÚD kƒ™∫Ôπ[ ÿkπflƒ›]_ AˆÕm

ÿÔV^·©√¶ ºkıΩB>VÔ c^·m ®[√m ÷[ÿ™VÚ ƒV›]B¬ÌÆ

gzD. º>k[ >\m z\V´Á™© √oBVÔ Œ©A¬ÿÔV|›>]_ º>k–

Á¶B ∂[∏[ tÔº\[Á\BV™ c>V´D c^·m (5:6-8). ÷Á>©√u§

ÂVD gsBV™k´V_ ∞k©√‚¶ ºk>kƒ™∫Ôπ[ JÈ\VÔ ∂§˛º≈VD.

gÁÔBV_ √°_, “[kƒ™›]_ ÿkπ©√|›>©√‚|^·√Ω ∂k´m ∂[Á√

ÂVD ∂§˛≈kÁÔl_] Â\¬z ∂Ú·©√‚¶ √ˆ∑›> gsBV™VºÈ º>k–

Á¶B ∂[A ÂDxÁ¶B ÷Ú>B∫Ôπ_ ªu≈©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m'' ®[Æ Ì≈

xΩÕ>m.

º\ºÈ >´©√‚|^·m º√V[≈ s·¬Ô∫Ôπ_ √È s·¬Ô°Á´

BV·ÏÔ^ ]ÁÔ©√Á¶˛[≈™Ï. ""ÂDxÁ¶B ÷Ú>B∫Ôπ_'' ®[≈

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 123 7/17/09 8:42:16 AM

124

ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶Ï, gsBV™kˆ[ √z]l_ ∂]Ô ∑B\V™ \uÆD ºÂ´ΩBV™

ÿƒB_√V‚Á¶ ∂kEB©√|›m˛≈m ®[Æ ∂kÏÔ^ ko•Æ›m˛[≈™Ï.

∂kÏÔ^, >∫Ô^ ÷Ú>B∫Ôπ_ ""÷>\V™ cÏ°Ô”¶['' gsBV™kÏ

ÿ√Ú¬ÿÔ|©√>VÔ ®øm˛[≈™Ï; EÈÏ xu§KD √V¶_ ÷Áƒ©√kÏÔ^

g˛[≈™Ï. ÂD*m º>k[ ÿÔVı|^· ∂[Á√ ∂§>_ ®[√m ÷Ú>B›

]uz ÷>\V™ cÏ°Ô·V_ ÂDÁ\ W´©√ ºkı|D ®[√Á> ÂV[

\ƬÔs_ÁÈ - g™V_ ""÷>\V™ cÏ°Ô^'' ÿ√Ú¬ÿÔ|¬ÔV> ºkÁ·Ô^

√u§B s≠BD ®[™? ∂m º>k[ ÂDÁ\ ÷M•D ∂[AÌÚk]_ÁÈ

®[Æ ∂Ï›>©√|›m˛≈>V? ÷_ÁȺB. ∂m, cÏ°Ô^ >|\VÆ˛[≈™,

∂>Vkm cÏ°Ô^ Â\m gs¬zˆB ÛµWÁȬz ÂD√Ô\V™ ∂·°ºÔV_

∂_È ®[Æ \V›]´D ∂Ï›>©√|˛≈m.

˛§¸ms[ \´D (kƒ™∫Ô^ 6-8)

º>k ∂[A¬z ∂©º√V¸>Ȉ[ x>_ c>V´D ÿ>πku≈>VÔ

÷Ú¬ÔÈVD, g™V_ ÷´ı¶Vkm c>V´D ∂©√Ω ÷Ú©√]_ÁÈ. ∂m

k´ÈVu§_ z§©∏¶©√‚¶ ŒÚ cıÁ\BVÔ c^·m: º´V\fl EKÁkl_

˛§¸ms[ \´D. √°_ ∏[kÚ\VÆ Ì§™VÏ,

∂[§•D ÂVD ÿ√È™u≈kÏÔ·VlÚ¬zDº√Vº>, z§›> ÔVÈ›]_

˛§¸m ∂¬˛´\¬ÔV´Ú¬ÔVÔ \ˆ›>VÏ. ¿]\V–¬ÔVÔ ŒÚk[

\ˆ¬˛≈m ∂ˆm; Â_Èk–¬ÔVÔ ŒÚºkÁ· ŒÚk[ \ˆ¬Ô› mËkV[.

ÂVD √VsÔ·VlÚ¬ÁÔl_ ˛§¸m Â\¬ÔVÔ \ˆ›>]™VºÈ, º>k[ ÂDº\_

Ák›> >\m ∂[Á√ s·∫Ô©√ıb˛≈VÏ (kƒ™D 6-8).

÷Àkƒ™©√z] [g∫˛Èÿ\Val_] ""˛§¸m Â\¬ÔVÔ \ˆ›>VÏ''

®[≈ kVÏ›Á>Ô”¶[ xΩ˛≈m. ∂m ""˛§¸m \ˆ›>VÏ'' ®[Æ \V›]´D

̧lÚÕ>V_, ∂m ÔkÁȬzˆB>VÔ ÷ÚÕ]Ú¬zD; g™V_ ∂m

""˛§¸m Â\¬ÔVÔ \ˆ›>VÏ'' ®[Æ ÌÆ˛≈m - \uÆD ∂m ÷´‚E©√VÔ

c^·m! ˛§¸ms[ \´D º>k ∂[∏[ ÿƒB_s·¬Ô\VÔ c^·m.

NCV ºk>VÔ\D, ""g™V_ º>k[ ÂD*m^· >\m ∂[Á√ ÷ÀkVÆ

ÔVı∏¬˛≈VÏ: ˛§¸m Â\¬ÔVÔ \ˆ›>VÏ ...'' (kƒ™D 8) ®[Æ ÌÆ˛≈m.

EȺkÁ·Ôπ_, √B∫Ô´\V™ s≠B∫Ô^ ∞[ ÂÁ¶ÿ√uƬ

ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>™ ®[Æ AˆÕmÿÔV^”>_ √°K¬z¬ ÔΩ™\V™>VÔ ÷ÚÕ]

Ú¬Ô ºkı|D. ∂kÏ ∂Àk©º√Vm, ƒÔÈxD Â[Á\¬ºÔmkVÔ Â¶©√m

®©√Ω ®[Æ gflƒˆBD/]ÁÔ©A ∂Á¶Õ]Ú¬Ô ºkı|D. ÷Ú©∏–D,

∂Ák ®_ÈVku§˚º¶•D, ∂kÏ >D*m º>k[ ÿÔVı|^· ∂[∏_

Á>ˆB\VlÚÕ>VÏ. ∂kÏ [º>k[] >\m z\V´Á™ EKÁkl_ \ˆ¬zD√Ω

∂–©∏B>[ JÈD ∂Õ> ∂[Á√ W‘∏›]ÚÕ>VÏ! √°_, ÔÈV›]BÚ¬z›

>\m WÚ√›Á> ®ø>flÿƒV_KÁÔl_ ∂k´m z´o_ ∞≈¬zÁ≈B

gflƒˆB›Á>¬ ºÔ‚Ô xΩ•D: ""®[M_ ∂[AÌÏÕm, ®™¬ÔVÔ›

>DÁ\›>Vº\ Œ©A¬ÿÔV|›> º>k–Á¶B z\V´Á™ ...'' (kƒ™D 2:20).

¿∫Ô”D ÂV–D kVµs[ ºƒV>Á™Ôπ_ clÏ∏Áw¬Ô ºkı|D

®[≈V_, ÂVD ∏[kÚD ƒ›]B›Á>© √u§¬ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô ºkı|D:

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 124 7/17/09 8:42:16 AM

125

""˛§¸m ®[*m ∂[AÌÏÕm ®™¬ÔVÔ› >DÁ\ºB ∂Ï©√Ë›>VÏ.''

÷Á> ÂVD ®_ÈVÚ¶–D √˛ÏÕmÿÔV^· ºkı|D. ®_ÈVku§uzD

º\ÈVÔ, ÂVD ]ÁÔ©A¬zˆB ÷Õ>fl ƒ›]B›Á> Â\m ∏^Á·Ô”¬z Ôu∏¬Ô

ºkı|D. kVµs_ ∂kÏÔ”¬z ®[™ ¶Õ>VKD, ∂kÏÔ^ ∏[kÚD ƒ›]

B›Á>© √u§¬ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô xΩ•D: º>k[ ∂kÏÔ^*m ∂[AÌÚ˛≈VÏ!

∂kÏÔ”¬ÔVÔ ∂kÏ >\m z\V´Á™ ∂–©∏Bº√Vm kw¬˛¶ ÷BÈV>

W‘√›Á>¬ ÿÔV|›>VÏ!

xΩ°Á´c∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô”¬z ¿∫Ô^ ®ÀkÁÔBV™ √V´D√ˆB›Á> s‚|fl

ÿƒ_KTÏÔ^? EÈÏ >∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô”¬z √D ∂_Èm ÿƒV›m¬ÔÁ·

s‚|flÿƒ_K>_ √u§ ∂¬ÔÁ≈BV•^·™Ï. ""ÿ√VÚ^Ô^'' ®[√Ák

>V∫Ô^ >´¬ÌΩB tÔx¬˛B\V™ √V´D√ˆBD ∂_È ®[√Á>© √ÈÏ

∂§BV]Ú¬˛[≈™Ï. ŒÚ ƒk ∂¶¬Ô›]_ ∏´ƒ∫˛¬zD√Ω ®[M¶D

ºÔ‚|¬ÿÔV^·©√|Dº√Vm, ∂¶¬Ô›]uz x[™Ï ∂Õ>¬ z|D√›>VÁ´fl

ƒÕ]¬Ô ÂV[ xBuE ÿƒFkmı|. ÷≈Õmº√V™kˆ[ ∏^Á·Ôπ¶›]_

ÂV[, ""c∫Ô^ ∂D\VÁk [∂_Èm ∂©√VÁk] √u§ ¿∫Ô^ ŒÚ

kVÏ›Á>l_ ®©√Ω skˆ©¨ÏÔ^?'' ®[Æ ºÔ‚º√[. ÿ√VmkVÔ ÂV[

""ºÂÏÁ\BV™kÏ,'' ""ÿ√VÆÁ\BV™kÏ,'' \uÆD ""∂[A^·kÏ'' ®[√m

º√V[≈ kVÏ›Á>ÔÁ·¬ ºÔ‚√mı|. ŒÚ \Ôº™V ∂_Èm \Ôº·V,

""√¬ÔV´Ï'' ∂_Èm ""ÿku§WÁ≈Õ>kÏ'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>ÁB© √B[√|›]

BÁ> ÂV[ ŒÚ¬ÔVKD ºÔ^s©√‚¶]_ÁÈ. ÂV[ ÷Õ>© √V¶›]_,

¿∫Ô^ c∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô”¬z© √V´D√ˆB\VÔ s‚|flÿƒ_ȬÌΩB tÔ°D

sÁÈ\]©A^· s≠B∫Ô·VÔ© ∏[kÚD J[Æ ƒ›]B∫ÔÁ· c∫Ô”¬z

gºÈVƒÁ™BVÔ› ÿ>ˆs›m^º·[:

#1 cıÁ\BV™ ƒ\V>V™D ®[√m º√V´V‚¶D ÷_ÈV>

º√V>_È, g™V_ ÔÏ›>ˆ[ ∏´ƒ[™›]_>V[ ÔV©√|

˛≈m.

#2 ÷¶Ï√V|Ô^ c∫Ô^ º\[Á\BV¬z˛≈>V ∂_Èm Ôƒ©A^·

kÏÔ·V¬z˛≈>V ®[√Á> ¿∫Ôº· yÏ\VM¬˛SÏÔ^.

#3 ®[™ ¶Õ>VKD, ∏[kÚD gflƒˆB\V™ ƒ›]B›Á>©

√u§¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ∫Ô^: º>k[ c∫Ô^*m ∂[AÌÚ˛≈VÏ!

¿∫Ô^ ÷Õ> ƒ›]B∫ÔÁ· c∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô”¬z© º√V]©√m

\‚|t[§, ÷kuÁ≈ ¿∫Ôº· s∑kVE¬˛SÏÔ^ ®[√Á> c∫Ô^

kVµs™V_ ÔVı∏¬Ô°D ºkı|D. ¿∫Ô^ ŒÚ ˛§¸>kÏ g˛

∏[A ÔÏ›>ˆ_ cÆ]BV™ ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÿÔVı|^· ˛§¸>k´VÔ kVw

ºkı|D. ¿∫Ô^ ŒÚ ˛§¸>k´VÔ ÷_ÁÈÿB[≈V_ ∂_Èm ¿∫Ô^

c∫Ô^ ∏^Á·Ô”¬z x[√VÔ ƒˆBV™ kÁÔlÈV™ c>V´\VlÚ¬Ô›

>k§lÚÕ>V_, ¿∫Ô^ ÷[Á≈¬ºÔ gs¬zˆB ÷Õ>› º>ÁkÔÁ·¬ z§›m

∂¬ÔÁ≈ ÿÔV^”D√Ω c∫Ô”¬ÔVÔ ÂV[ ÿ¤∏¬˛º≈[!

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 125 7/17/09 8:42:16 AM

126

∏´ƒ∫˛BVÏÔ^ \uÆD º√V>ÔÏÔ”¬ÔV™

z§©AÔ^

÷Õ>© ∏´ƒ∫Ô›Á>© √B[√|›mDº√Vm, c∫Ô^ cÁ´ÁB¬

ºÔ‚√kÏÔ”¬z, ŒÚkÏ ®ÀkVÆ ˛§¸>k´V˛≈VÏ ®[√m √u§¬

ÌÆ∫Ô^ (ºBVkV[ 3:16; \Vuz 16:16). º\KD, >kÆ ÿƒF˛≈ ˛§¸>kÏ

ÔÏ›>ˆ¶›]_ ®ÀkVÆ ]ÚD√xΩ•D ®[√m √u§•D ÌÆ∫Ô^ (¶√ΩÔ^

8:22; 1 ºBVkV[ 1:9).

÷Õ>©√V¶›][ ∏´>V™› >ÁÈ©AÔ^ c∫Ô^ cÁ´ÁB¬ ºÔ‚√kÏÔ^

WÁ™s_ Ák›m¬ÿÔV^·¬ Ì|D√Ω¬z ""√wÿ\VaÔ·VÔ'' ÷Ú¬zD√Ω

kΩkÁ\¬Ô©√‚|^·™. ∂kuÁ≈ ¿∫Ô^ ∂‚Á¶› mı|Ôπ_ ®ø],

ŒÀÿkVÚ ƒ›]B›Á>© √u§© º√∑Dº√VmD ∂Õ>Õ> ∂‚Á¶ÁB

ÔV‚E©√|›> sÚD√ÈVD.

ƒ*√›]_ ÂV[ ÷Õ> ®|›mÁ´©Á√, >∫Ô^ T|Ôπ_ ∏^Á·Ô^

BVÁ´•D ÿÔVıΩ´V> x]ÏkBm¬ ˛§¸>k© ÿ√ıÔπ[ zø Œ[§uz©

∏´ƒ∫˛›º>[. ∂kÏÔ”¬z, ÂV[ ∂kÏÔ^ ∂§B ºkıΩB J[Æ ƒ›]

B∫Ô^ √u§© º√Eº™[.

÷Õ>©√V¶D \VÆ√‚¶ kaÔπ_ ∂bÔ©√¶ xΩ•D. √È ®ø›

>V·ÏÔ^ 5:1-11[ *>V™ >∫Ô^ √V¶∫Ô”¬z ""¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|>o[

gÊÏkV>∫Ô^'' ®[√m º√V[Æ >ÁÈ©A¬ ÿÔV|¬˛[≈™Ï.

gÊÏkV>∫Ôπ[ √‚ΩB_Ô^ \VÆ√|˛[≈™; EÈÏ ÷Àkƒ™©

√z]l_ ŒÚ ¶¤[ kÁ´lKD gÊÏkV>∫ÔÁ·¬ Ôı¶§˛[≈™Ï.

""º\[Á\√V´V‚|>_'' (""∂ÔD\˛µ>_,'' ""ÿ√ÚÁ\√V´V‚|>_'') ®[≈

kVÏ›Á> J[Æ kƒ™∫Ôπ_ ÔV©√|k>V_ (kƒ™∫Ô^ 2, 4, 11),

∂ÁkÔ^ ∏´>V™¬ÔÚ›m¬Ô”¬z© √B[√|›>©√¶ xΩ•D. ""¿∫Ô^

ÿ√ÚÁ\√V´V‚¶ ®[™ ÷Ú¬˛≈m?'' ®[√m ∂©√Ω©√‚¶ ®|›

mÁ´©A¬zfl ƒV›]B\V™ ŒÚ >ÁÈ©√VÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈m. ""ÂD∏¬ÁÔ'' ®[√m

]≈°ºÔV_ gF°¬ÔÚ›>VÔ c^·m (kƒ™∫Ô^ 2, 4, 5), ®™ºk c∫Ô^

z§©AÁ´Ô^ ∂Õ>› >ÁÈ©Á√ Á\B∫ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô xΩ•D. ¿∫Ô^,

""ƒ\V>V™D'' √u§© º√ƒ°D ÷Àkƒ™©√z]ÁB© √B[√|›>

xΩ•D (kƒ™D 1): ""... BV_, ÂDxÁ¶B ÔÏ›>´V˛B ÷ºB∑˛§¸m

JÈ\VF º>kM¶›]_ ƒ\V>V™D ÿ√u§Ú¬˛º≈VD'' (÷Àkƒ™©√z]l[

gÊÏkV>∫ÔÁ·© √‚ΩBo¶°D).

""s∑kVƒD, ÂD∏¬ÁÔ, \uÆD ∂[A'' g˛BkuÁ≈© √u§©

º√V]©√>uz¬Ì¶ ¿∫Ô^ 5:1-8n© √B[√|›> xΩ•D. √°_ ∂Õ>

\Vÿ√ÚD J[Æ gF°¬ÔÚ›m¬ÔÁ· ∂Ω¬ÔΩ Œ[§Á›>VÏ (1 ÿÔVˆÕ

]BÏ 13:13; ÔÈV›]BÏ 5:5, 6; ÿÔVºÈVÿƒBÏ 1:4, 5; 1 ÿ>ƒºÈVM¬ºÔBÏ

1:3 g˛BkuÁ≈¬ ÔV°D). Â\m ºk>kƒ™©√z]l_ ∂kÏ ""s∑kVƒ›]

oÚÕm'' (kƒ™D 1) ""ÂD∏¬ÁÔ''¬zD (kƒ™∫Ô^ 2, 4, 5), ""∂[A¬zD''

(kƒ™∫Ô^ 5, 8) Ô¶Õm ÿƒ[≈VÏ.

sÚ©√D ÷ÚÕ>V_, ÷Õ>©√V¶xD ∂|›> √V¶xD, 5:1-11n¬ ̧

xΩ¬zD Œº´ ®|›mÁ´©√VÔ Œ[§Á¬Ô©√¶ xΩ•D. ""˛§¸m°¬z^

ŒÚ A]B kVµ°'' ®[√m ŒÚ ∂bzxÁ≈BVÔ ÷Ú¬Ô xΩ•D, ∂m

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 126 7/17/09 8:42:16 AM

127

∏[kÚD ∏ˆ°ÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬ÔÈVD: ""A]B EÈV¬˛B∫Ô^''

(kƒ™∫Ô^ 1, 2), ""A]B ®ı©º√V¬zÔ^'' (kƒ™∫Ô^ 3-5∂), \uÆD

""A]B cÆ]©√V|'' (kƒ™∫Ô^ 5g-11). ""¿∫Ô^ ˛§¸>k´VÔ ÷Ú©√>V_

ÿ√Ækm ÷mºk'' ®[√>[*mD ¿∫Ô^ ∏[kÚD >ÁÈ©A¬ÔÁ·©

√B[√|›]© ∏´ƒ∫˛¬Ô xΩ•D: ""®øflER‚|D sÁ·°Ô^'' (kƒ™∫Ô^

1, 2), ""ª¬ÔJ‚|D gÆ>_'' (kƒ™∫Ô^ 3-5∂), \uÆD ""¿Ω›]Ú¬zD

cÆ]©√V|'' (kƒ™∫Ô^ 5g-11).

ÂV[ ÷Õ> ®|›mÁ´©Á√› "">M›m WuzD'' ∏´ƒ∫Ô\VÔ©

√B[√|›mDº√Vm, ∏^Á·Ô”¬z© º√V]¬Ô ÂV[z ƒ›]B∫Ô^ √u§

ÂV[ º√∑˛º≈[. 1D kƒ™›]_ ""s∑kVƒ›]™V_ ¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|>_''

√u§B √°o[ ]≈©A kVÏ›Á>ÔÁ·¬ ̧ x>ÈVk>VÔ ÂV[ ∏[kÚD

ÔÚ›Á> Ì|>ÈV¬˛¬ÿÔV^”kmı|: ""º>k–¶[ c∫Ô^ c≈°xÁ≈

®[√Á>¬ ÔV‚ΩKD ∂]Ô x¬˛B›mkD kVFÕ>m ºkÆ ®m°D

÷_ÁÈ.''

z§©AÔ^1William Barclay, The Letter to the Romans, rev. ed., The Daily Study Bible Series (Phila-

delphia: Westminster Press, 1975), 72. 2R. C. Bell, Studies in Romans (Austin, Tex.: Firm Founda-tion Publishing House, 1957), 43. 3This approach was suggested in a series by Evertt Huffard on “A Spiritual Heritage,” presented at Eastside church of Christ, Midwest City, Oklahoma, 24-25 April 2004. 4John R. W. Stott, The Message of Romans: God’s Good News for the World, The Bible Speaks Today series (Downers Grove, Ill.: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994), 139. For a survey of some of the ways the world is seeking “peace,” see James Burton Coffman, Commentary on Romans (Austin, Tex.: Firm Foundation Publishing House, 1973), 189-91. 5√w∫ÔVȬ ÁÔÿBø›m©

∏´]Ô^ √Èku§_, ""º>kM¶›]_ ƒ\V>V™D ÿ√u§Ú¬˛º≈VD'' ®[√>uz©

√]ÈVÔ ""ƒ\V>V™D ÿ√u§Ú©º√V\VÔ'' ®[Æ^·m. ˛º´¬Ô ÿ\Val_ ÷ÀsÚ

kVE©AÔ”¬zD ÷Á¶l_ Œº´ ŒÚ ®ø›m›>V[ ºkÆ√V¶VÔ c^·m: “o” ®[≈

ÿÂΩB clÏ ®ø›m¬z©√]ÈVÔ “o” ®[≈ z§_ clÏ ®ø›m. ÿ√ÚD√V[Á\BV™

ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ©√V·ÏÔ^, ÷>[ ƒÕ>Ï©√©ÿ√VÚ·V™m ŒÚ A›]\] ®[√>uz©

√]ÈVÔ ŒÚ Ìu≈VÔºk c^·m ®[Æ WÁ™¬˛[≈™Ï. 6Larry Deason, “The Righteous-ness of God”: An In-depth Study of Romans, rev. (Clifton Park, N.Y.: Life Communications, 1989), 134. 7EÈ ˛º´¬Ô¬ ÁÔÿBø›m©∏´]Ôπ_ ""s∑kVƒ›]™V_'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>

÷_ÁÈ, g™V_ ÷Õ>fl ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶Ï Ì≈©√¶Vs‚¶VKD AˆÕmÿÔV^·©

√‚|^·m (kƒ™D 3n¬ ÔV°D). 8W. E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger, and William White, Jr., Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1985), 7. “Access” ®[√m ƒV›]B\V™ ÷[ÿ™VÚ ÿ\Va

ÿ√BÏ©√VÔ c^·m. ∂Õ> ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ©A √B[√|›>©√|ÿ\[≈V_, ÷ºB∑

∂Õ> ∂bzDÿ§¬z kaBVÔfl E›>ˆ¬Ô©√‚|^·VÏ (""kVƒ_''; ºBVkV[ 10:9). 9x¬˛B\V™ Â√Ï BVÚ¬ºÔ–D ¿∫Ô^ ∂§xÔ©√|›>©√‚ΩÚÕ>V_, ∂Á>

÷Às¶›]_ ¿∫Ô^ ŒÚ skˆ©√VÔ© √B[√|›>ÈVD. 10Leon Morris, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 219.

11Walter Bauer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 2d ed., rev. William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich (Chicago: University of Chicago

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 127 7/17/09 8:42:16 AM

128

Press, 1957), 886. (Emphasis mine.) 12John Newton, “Amazing Grace,” Songs of Faith and Praise, comp. and ed. Alton H. Howard (West Monroe, La.: Howard Publishing Co., 1994). 13David Mow-day, devotional talk presented at Eastside church of Christ, Midwest City, Oklahoma, 7 Decem-ber 2003. 14William Barclay, New Testament Words (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1974), 76. 15\u≈ ÷´ı| kƒ™©√z]Ô^, BV¬ºÔVA 1:2, 3 \uÆD 1 º√mÚ 1:6, 7

g˛BÁkBVzD. 16Adapted from Paul Lee Tan, Encyclopedia of 7,700 Illustrations (Rockville, Md.: Assurance Publishers, 1979), 1508. 17Vine, 17, 643. 18Barclay, Letter to the Romans, 73. 19Adapted from Dale Hartman, class on 1 Peter taught at Eastside church of Christ, Midwest City, Oklahoma, 11 January 2004. 20Bell, 44.

21KJV \uÆD >tµ ºk>VÔ\∫Ôπ_ “perseverance” ®[√>uz “patience” [""ÿ√VÆÁ\''] ®[≈ kVÏ›Á> º√V¶©√‚|^·m. KJV ºk>VÔ\D, ÷´ı| ˛º´¬Ô

kVÏ›Á>ÔÁ· “patience” ®[≈ g∫˛È kVÏ›Á>BVÔ ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ›m^·m. (Mak-rothumia ®[≈) ŒÚ kVÏ›Á>, ÔΩ™\V™ \¬ÔÁ·¬ z§›m© ÿ√VÆÁ\BVlÚ¬Ô

ºkıΩBÁ>¬ z§©∏|ÁÔl_ (hupomone ®[≈) ÷[ÿ™VÚ kVÏ›Á> (÷Às¶›]_

√B[√|›>©√‚|^·m) ÔΩ™\V™ ÛµWÁÈÔπ[ˇµ ÿ√VÆÁ\•¶[

(ƒ˛©A›>[Á\•¶[) ÷Ú›>ÁȬ z§¬˛≈m. 22Hupo ®[≈V_ ""ˇµ'' ®[Æ

∂Ï›>©√|˛≈m, \uÆD meno ®[≈V_ "">∫˛lÚ¬Ô'' (Vine, 462) ∂_Èm ""WÁÈ›

]Ú¬Ô'' ®[Æ ∂Ï›>©√|˛≈m. ÂV[ "">∫˛lÚ¬Ô'' ®[√>uz© √]ÈVÔ ""WÁÈ›

]Ú¬Ô'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>ÁB© √B[√|›m˛º≈[. 23Dale Hartman, sermon on “Patience” preached at Eastside church of Christ, Midwest City, Oklahoma, 18 January 2004. 24Barclay, Letter to the Romans, 73. 25Hartman, class, 15 February 2004. 26Morris, 220, n. 11. 27Adapted from Jim Townsend, Romans: Let Justice Roll (Elgin, Ill.: David C. Cook Publishing Co., 1988), 37. 28Stott, 142. 29÷m º>k[*>V™ Â\m ∂[Á√¬ z§©∏|k>VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD, g™V_ √°_

÷Às¶›]_, º>k[ ÂD*m ÿÔVı|^· ∂[Á√©√u§ºB º√∑˛≈VÏ ®[√Á>fl

ƒÕ>Ï©√©ÿ√VÚ^ ∑‚Ω¬ÔVı∏¬˛≈m (kƒ™D 8). 30KJV ºk>VÔ\›]_ “shed abroad” ®[Æ^·m.

31÷º> kVÏ›Á> ¶√ΩÔ^ 2:33_ √B[√|›>©√‚|^·m, ∂Às¶›]_ ÷m

∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ”¬z› >´©√‚¶ ∂uA> k´∫ÔÁ·¬ z§¬˛≈m. ÷Às¶›]_,

÷m ŒÀÿkVÚ ˛§¸>kÏ*mD ÿ√VaB©√|˛≈ º>k–Á¶B ∂[Á√¬ z§¬˛≈m. 32James D. G. Dunn, Romans 1-8, Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 38 (Dallas: Word Books, 1988), 253. 33Hugo McCord, discussion of Romans 5 presented to students at Oklahoma Christian College (now University), n.d., cassette. 34Â\m ºk>kƒ™©√z] ¿]\V™V¬Ô©√|>o[

gÊÏkV>∫ÔÁ·© √u§© º√∑˛≈º√Vm, ∂m º>k›mk›]_ c^· ∏>V, z\V´[,

\uÆD √ˆ∑›> gsBV˛B ®_ÈVÚÁ¶B ˛ˆÁBÔÁ·© √u§•D z§©∏|˛≈m

®[Æ ¿∫Ô^ ÷Às¶›]_ cÁ´¬Ô sÚD√ÈVD. 35J. W. McGarvey and Philip Y. Pendle-ton, Thessalonians, Corinthians, Galatians and Romans (Cincinnati: Standard Publishing, n.d.), 331. 36Coffman, 197.

001-234 TAM Romans 2.indd 128 7/17/09 8:42:16 AM