Prof. Gitanjali Rao

PROPORTION AND SCALE

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

• Scale alludes to the size of something compared to a reference standard or the size of something else

• Proportion refers to the proper /harmonious relation of one part to the whole.

• This relationship may not only be one of magnitude , but also of quantity or degree

• Natural Factors determining the proportion in a building ( nature of material, response to forces by the building elements, and ways or making the things.

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

• Material Proportions• Structural Proportions• Manufactured Proportions

• Intentions of Proportioning Systems• Theories of Proportioning Systems• Golden Section• Scale• Modular• Classical Orders• Renaissance Theories• Ken• Anthropometry

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Material Proportions• The relative sized of components made of different material,

resulting from difference in their properties is called MATERIAL PROPORTION

• All materials in architecture have distinct properties of elasticity, hardness and durability with inherent strength beyond which they cannot extend themselves without fracturing, breaking or collapsing

• The stress in the material resulting from forces of gravity increases with size hence all materials have rational dimensions beyond which they cannot go.

• All material also have rational proportions which are dictated by their inherent strengths and weakness

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Structural ProportionsRelative sizes of columns beams, and other structural members resulting because of different structural systems is called STRUCTURAL PRPORTION

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Manufactured Proportions

• The relative size of building components arising from standardization and manufacture is called MANUFACTURED PROPORTION

• Mass production gives way to standard sizes and proportions of building components

Examples: • concrete blocks• Plywoods• Steel sections• Standard doors, Windows , flooring elements

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Anthropometric Proportions

• The relative size of building components arising from dimensions of human body is called ANTROPOMETRIC PROPORTION

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Classical Proportions

• The classical orders namely the Greek, Doric, Tuscan , Roman Doric ,Ionic , Corinthian and Composite were the foundation for the aesthetic of Western Architecture.

• In the orders , the sizes of various components like the pedestal , the base the shaft, capital , architrave, friezes , cornices are all fixed as an unit of the basic module viz the diameter of the column at the base.

• Orders were nothing but proportioning systems used in the past to obtain pleasing relationships among building parts.

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Proportioning SystemsTheories of Proportioning SystemsGolden SectionScaleModularClassical OrdersRenaissance TheoriesKenAnthropometry

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Intent of Proportioning Systems•To create a sense of Order and Harmony among the elements in a visual construction

•Underlying any proportioning systems , is a characteristics ratio, a permanent quality that is transmitted from one ratio to another

•Thus proportioning system establishes a consistent set of visual relationships between the part of a building as well as between the parts and the whole•Pr0portioning systems go beyond the functional and technical determinants of architectural form and space to provide aesthetic rationale for their dimension.•They visually unify the multiplicity of elements in the architectural design by having all its parts belong to the same family of proportions.•They provide a sense of order in and heighten the continuity of sequence of spaces•They establish relationship between exterior and interior elements of the building

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao

Prof. Gitanjali Rao