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To what extent is the justice system fair and equitable for youth?
Important Terms to Knowjustice
Applying lawsjustice system
The institutions and procedures for applying laws in a society
fair & equitableGoverned by rules that apply to
everyone, taking into account individual needs and circumstances
Fundamental Principle
A person is assumed innocent until proven guilty
In what way would you want justice to be “blind”?
What would you want justice to weigh in the balance?
Vancouver RiotsWho should face
consequences?
What consequences would be just?
In 2011, after the Canucks lost the Stanley Cup Final, the city erupted in riots. Police arrested anyone involved in the rioting.
Youth Criminal Justice ActThe YCJA was passed by parliament in
2003, but similar laws have been in place since the 1890’s.
Defines the consequences young people aged 12-17 face for criminal offences
Some examples of consequences include counseling and community serviceCommunity service refers to help in the
community performed as part of a sentence
Youth Criminal Justice ActThe YCJA prohibits
adult sentences for youth ages 12-14A sentence refers to a
consequence for a crime determined by a court of law (ex. imprisonment)
Allows adult sentences for serious crimes committed by youth 14 years of age or older
Youth Criminal Justice ActThe YCJA protects
the privacy of offenders, their name is not published unless they receive an adult sentence
Most avoid a criminal record, a permanent record of breaking the law which is made public
Criminal Code of CanadaDefines consequences for adult law
breakersGoing to court is a usual consequenceDefines adult sentences which can
include long term imprisonmentAllows media to publish namesCreates a Criminal Record for most
offenders
If two young people of the same age commit the same crime, would you expect them to face the same consequences?
Under the YCJA, they may or may not. To what extent is this approach to justice equitable?
ConsequencesBefore the YCJA, every young
offender went to court, which meant:Offenders didn’t face
consequences for a long timeConsequences often didn’t connect
back to the people and communities the offence affected
Determining FactorsFactors that
determine consequences:Seriousness of
offenceHistoryAttitude Circumstances
Do you think that young people do not understand their actions in the same way as adults? Why or why not?
Principles of the YCJAPrevent crime by addressing the
circumstances underlying a young person’s offending behavior
Rehabilitate young persons who commit offences and reintegrate them into societyRehabilitate – to instill positive attitudes
and behaviorsReintegrate – to make part of again
Principles of the YCJAEnsure meaningful consequences to
promote long term protection of society
Must be separate from the adult justice system due to reduced maturity
Police forces – local, provincial and federal – are responsible for upholding the YCJA.
To what extent should individual circumstances affect justice?
Page 72 & 73For each article, think about:
The main idea of eachWhat does the article say about the
fairness and equity of the justice system?
Work in partners to complete the questions for each article.
Political Cartoon – Pg. 74What symbols does
the cartoon use?
What situation does the cartoon show?
What’s the message?
What responsibilities do jurors have?What is a jury?12 jurors must have unanimous
verdict (decision)Anyone 18 years or older who is a
Canadian citizen can be a jurorConsidered a dutyMust make arrangements if summonedEmployers don’t have to pay you
What responsibilities do jurors have?Citizens only exempt if they can
demonstrate that being a juror creates undue hardship
To what extent are the rules for jury duty fair and equitable?
What factors need to be considered?
Terms Jurors Need to KnowDefense
Evidence of innocence, lawyer who represents accused, witnesses
ProsecutionEvidence that supports guilt
SequesterRemove from contact to ensure only
evidence presented in the courtroom is considered
What are advocacy groups?Advocacy groups act independent
from the governmentThey try to solve underlying reasons
for crimeProvide public education about laws
and the justice systemWork with youth and adults who
have broken the law to help them return to their communities
What are advocacy groups?Stand up for accused rightsCall for measure to improve fairnessThe Elizabeth Fry Society
Women and girlsThe John Howard Society
Men, women, boys and girls
What role do elders play in the justice system?
Youth Justice Committees reflect the idea of sentencing circlesCome from Aboriginal culture, idea
that crime harms everyone in a community and the community must be involved in solution
Elders play part as respected members of the community