2

Discrete Markov Processes (Markov Chains)

3

First-Order Markov Models

4

First-Order Markov Models

5

First-Order Markov Models

6

First-Order Markov Model Examples

7

First-Order Markov Model Examples

8

First-Order Markov Model Examples

9

First-Order Markov Models

10

First-Order Markov Models

11

First-Order Markov Models

12

First-Order Markov Models

13

First-Order HMM Examples

14

First-Order HMM Examples

15

First-Order HMM Examples

16

First-Order HMM Examples

17Three Fundamental Problems for

HMMs

18

HMM Evaluation Problem

19

HMM Evaluation Problem

20

HMM Evaluation Problem

21

HMM Evaluation Problem

22

HMM Decoding Problem

23

HMM Decoding Problem

References

R.O. Duda, P.E. Hart, and D.G. Stork, Pattern Classification, New York: John Wiley, 2001. Selim Aksoy, “Pattern Recognition Course Materials”, Bilkent University, 2011.