Upload
ferdinand-mccoy
View
216
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1. What was the Berlin Conference?
2. Who were the Boers?
3. How did the Zulus respond to European imperialism?
4. Why were Liberia and Ethiopia the only African nations to remain free?
In the 1870s the Belgians began to trade with Africans in the Congo.
King Leopold
(1) Fearing they would miss out on various raw materials, the other European nations scrambled to establish their presence on the continent.
In 1884, to avoid conflict amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for colonizing Africa. No Africans were invited.
Berlin Conference
Berlin Conference
(3) The European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an outpost. Whoever was the first to build the outpost gained that area of land.
Berlin Conference
Berlin Conference
Cape Colony
In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as Boers settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built Cape Town as a supply station.In the 1700s, the Dutch herders and ivory hunters began to move north. The British then acquired Cape Colony in the early 1800s.
The Boers
CapeTown
Cape Colony
Boers
AFRICA
In the late 1800s, the discovery of gold and diamonds in the northern Boer territory set off the (5) Anglo-Boer war.
The war was from 1899-1902 and involved bitter guerrilla fighting. The British won, but at a great cost.
The Anglo-Boer War
British Boers
Boers
British
Boers
The Zulus
In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named Shaka conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation.
ZuluNation
CapeTown
Cape Colony
ShakaZulu
The Zulus
The Zulus were skilled and organized fighters. Shaka used his power and fought against European slave traders and ivory hunters.
The Zulus
ZuluNation
The Zulus also fought the Boers as they migrated north from Cape Colony.
CapeTown
Cape Colony
Boers
The Anglo-Zulu War
The Zulus came into conflict with the British as well. In 1879 the Zulus wiped out a British force at the battle of Isandlwana.
(6) However, it was not long before the superior weaponry of the British overtook the Zulus at the battle of Rorke’s Drift.
The Anglo-Zulu War
European Territory AFRICA
CapeTown
Cape Colony
In 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted apartheid.Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races.
SouthAfrica
BritainFrance
GermanyItaly
PortugalBelgium
Spain
EuropeansIn AfricaBy 1914
Britain’s claims in Africa were second in size only to France, but included heavily populated areas with greater natural resources.
British Territory
Britain controlled Egypt because of its strategic location.
France was very powerful in North Africa, and later spread into West and Central Africa. The territory France controlled was as large as the United States.
French Territory
The newly formed German empire had to fight many battles against African natives to take lands in the southern half of Africa.
German Territory
Germany would lose its colonial territories after its loss in World War I.
The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered Libya. They then took Somaliland in the horn of Africa, but were beaten badly by the Ethiopians.
Italian Territory
King Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the Congo, and brutalized the natives. Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.
Belgium Territory
Although the leaders of the old imperialism, the African claims of the Portuguese and Spanish were minimal.
Portuguese Territory
Spanish Territory
(7) After the slave trade was outlawed, abolitionists in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.
Independent Africans
In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in Liberia. The former slaves named the capital city Monrovia in his honor.
PresidentMonroe
Liberia
Independent Africans
The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance. Emperor Menelik II modernized the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools. When the Italians invaded they were defeated so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.
Ethiopia
Menelik
Positive Results Negative Results1. Unified national states created 1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating
artificial borders
2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition
2. Created population explosion famine
3. Increased agricultural production 3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans
4. Improved transportation and communication facilities
4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights.
5. Expanded educational opportunities
5. Downgraded traditional African culture westernization
Region Percentage Colonized
Australia 100%
Africa 90.4%
Asia 56.5%
Americas 27.2%
European Imperialism by 1914