1. Find three ways to group these animals.

2. What characteristics did you use for each of your classifications?

Objective For Today

• Identify the characteristics of the six kingdoms

All living things are classified into one of 6 kingdoms.

The six kingdoms are:1. Eubacteria

(Monera)

3. Protista

4. Fungi

5. Plantae

6. Animalia

2. Archaebacteria (Monera)

• In general,

differences in cellular structures and

methods of obtaining energy

are the two main characteristics that distinguish among the members of the six kingdoms.

The Six Kingdoms of Organisms

Until recently bacteria and archaebacteria were together in the

kingdom Monera. Because of discoveries over the last 20 years

scientists have decided that they are so different that they should have their

own kingdom.

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Each Kingdom has a set of characteristics that bind the organisms in that group together.

These characteristics are not ‘rules’ but more like guidelines.

Eubacteria

Cell Structure:

Prokaryotic (small and simple) cells

No nucleus (brain of the cell)

No organelles (tiny organs of the cell)

ALL Single-celled – only 1 cell big / unicellular

Size:

Microscopic

Environments:

Found in most common environments – water, soil, mouth …

FYI: one of the oldest and most successful

groups of organisms on earth

Nutrients:Some are autotrophic, but most bacteria cannotmake their own food and therefore must live in or on others.

Eubacteria

Useful bacterium.Bacteria, such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus, which turns milk into yogurt, can be useful to humans.

Eubacteria

• Although some eubacteria cause diseases, such as strep throat and pneumonia, most bacteria are harmless and many are actually helpful.

Lactobacillus casei Streptococcus

Cell Structure:

Prokaryotic cells

No nucleus

No organelles

All Single-celledSize:

Microscopic

Archaebacteria

Environments:

Usually found in ‘extreme’ environments

Such as highly acidic lakes, the bottom of the ocean, in ice flows, or in boiling hot mud or water

Archaebacteria

Nutrients:

Most archaebacteria have to digest chemicals not useable (toxic) by other organisms

Archaebacteria

Cell Structure:

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus

Has organelles

Some are multi-cellular Most are single-celled

Size:

Microscopic/Macroscopic

Protists

Environments:

Found in most common ponds, lake environments.

FYI:This is the ‘catch all’ kingdom. If an organism does not fit into another kingdom it often winds up here.

Protists

Protists

• ALGAE- “plant-like” protists (based on pigment and how they eat)

autotrophic no true roots, stems, or leaves

• PROTOZOA- “animal-like” protists (based on movement) heterotrophic some cause disease

Protists

• SLIME MOLDS AND MILDEW-

“fungus-like” protists (based on body form and how they eat)

heterotrophic- decomposers can move at some point

Fungi

Cell Structure:

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus

Has organelles

Some are Multi-cellular

Some are Uni-cellular

Size:

Microscopic/Macroscopic

Video:

Environments:

Found in most moist and warm areas, often near dead material

FYI:

Used to be classified with plants but now we know they are different enough to have their own kingdom.

Nutrients:

Cannot make their own food so fungi must live on or in living or dead organisms – athlete’s foot, ring worm, diaper rash

Fungi

FYI:

CANNOT MOVE

Fungi

EXAMPLES:

-Yeast (unicellular)

-Bread mold

-Mushrooms

Video:

Plantae

Cell Structure:

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus

Has organelles

Multi-cellular

Has a large vacuole

Has a cell wall

Size:

Macroscopic

Plantae

Environments:

Found in most areas where freshwater and sunlight can be found

FYI:Many organisms depend on plants because they have the ability to make food using the energy from the sun = photosynthesis

Animalia Cell Structure:

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus

Has organelles – mitochondria, ER, lysosomes

Multi-cellularSize:

Macroscopic

FYI: Most animals have some sort of nervous system and the majority of animal species live in oceans.

Nutrients:

Cannot make their own food so animals must eat

plants, hunt, filter feed, or scavenge for

food.

Animalia

Why do taxonomists use Latin names for classification?

Question 1

Answer

Latin is no longer used in conversation and, therefore, does not change.

Question 2Which taxon contains the others?

D. family

C. genus B. class

A. order

The answer is B.

Question 3

Which of the following pairs of terms is NOT related?

D. Aristotle – evolutionary relationships

C. biology – taxonomy

B. binomial nomenclature – Linnaeus

A. specific epithet – genus

The answer is D.

Question 4Which of the following is NOT true of both the animal and plant kingdoms?

D. cells contain cell walls C. cells are organized into tissues

B. tissues are organized into organs A. both contain organisms made up of cells

The answer is D.