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ORGANISATIONALBEHAVIOUR

UNIT 3AConcept of Motivation / Morale, Need Theory,

Herzberg Theory, Other theories of Motivation

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CONCEPTOFMOTIVATION

Driving force by which human achieve their goals.

2 types: Extrinsic / Intrinsic

Performance = f (ability x motivation)

Motivation is the result of processes internal or

external to the individual that arouse enthusiasmand persistence to pursue a certain course of

action.

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IMPORTANCEOFMOTIVATION

It makes employees look for better ways of doing jobs.

Motivated employee is more quality oriented.

Highly motivated workers are more productive.

Motivated people is must for organisational efficiency.

Motivation affects peoples behaviour while doing theirjobs.

Motivation is essential as the technology is becomingcomplex day by day.

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CHALLENGESOFMOTIVATION

Workforce is changing. Employees join organisation withdifferent needs and expectations.

Their values, beliefs, background, lifestyle, attitude aredifferent.

Firms change the jobs that employees perform, reducehierarchy, downsizing etc. These actions affectsMotivation.

Hire and fire / Pay for performance has negative impacton motivation these days.

Motives can be only infered, cannot be seen.

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FRAMEWORKOFMOTIVATION

IdentifiesNeed

Searches forways to

satisfyneeds

Engages inGoal-

directedbehaviour

Performs

Receivesrewards orPunishment

Reassessesneeds

deficiencies

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MORALE

It may be defined as the possession of a feeling on the part ofan individual of being accepted and belonging to the group ofindividuals through adherence to common goals andconfidence in the desirability of these goals.

It is an intangible term used to describe the capacity of peopleto maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneselfand others.

It is the generic value judgment of the willpower,obedience and self-discipline of a group tasked with

performing duties assigned by a superior, more accurately itrefers to the level of individual faith in the collective benefitgained by such performance.

Its an attribute of an individual and is influenced bymotivation.

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THEORIESOFMOTIVATION

Motivational

Models

Content

Theories

Process

Theories

Human

Relations

Model

Scientific

Management

Maslows

Theory

Achievement

Motivation

Theory

Alderfers

ERG Theory

Herzberg

Theory

Porters

PerformanceSatisfaction Model

Adams

EquityTheor

V Rooms

ExpectancyTheor

Goal SettingTheory

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MASLOWSTHEORYOFMOTIVATION

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HERZBERGTHEORYOFMOTIVATION

I

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HERZBERGTHEORYOFMOTIVATION

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ERG THEORY

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ACHIEVEMENTMOTIVATIONTHEORY

Need forAchievement

(nAch)

Need foraffliation

(nAff)

Need forPower

(Personal &Institutional)

(nPow)

Individual Needs + Responsive Work Work Motivation &

environment Job Satisfaction

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GOALSETTINGTHEORY

Goals serves as the Motivator

Goals helps individual to focus on their inputs, jobs

and Organisation.

Goals should be SMARTER SSpecific

MMeasurable

AAttainable

RRealisticTTime Bounded

EEffective

RReinforcement

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GOALSETTINGTHEORY

GOAL

GOALCOMMITMENT

TASK

PERFORMANCE

GOAL ACHIEVEMENT

Desire to

achieve

Self

efficacy

Belief

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V ROOMSEXPECTANCYTHEORY

This theory is based on the idea that work effort is directedtowards behaviour that people believe will lead to desiredoutcomes.

Through experience, we develop expectations about whether

we can achieve various levels ofjobsperformance.

We also develop expectations about whether performancewill lead to desired outcomes.

Finally we direct our efforts towards outcomes that help usfulfill our needs.

Thus, Motivation = E x I x V (E-expectancy, I-Instrumentality,V-Valence)

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ADAMSEQUITYTHEORY

o Also known as Social Comparision Theory

o Individualsare motivated by their desire to be equitablytreated in their work relationships

o Employees basically exchange their services for payand other benefits.

o An individual attempt to reduce any inequity, they mayfeel as a result of this exchange relationship.

o Eg: If employees feels that they are either overpaid orunderpaid, the equity theory posits that they will bemotivated to restore equity.

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ADAMSEQUITYTHEORY

o The theory proposes that the motivation to act

develops after the person compares

inputs/outcomes with the identical ratio of the

relevant other.

o If a person feels inequity, he is motivated to reduce

his performance.

o Perceives Inequity Experience Tension

o Takes action Wants to reduce Tension

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ADAMSEQUITYTHEORY

4 Terms in

Equity

Theory

Person /

Individual

OutcomesInputs

Comparison

Other

Any group or Individual used by aperson as a referent

Characteristics that Individual

brings with himEducation,

Experience, Skills, etc as perceived

by a person.

Pay, promotions, other benefits, job

Security, Job Satisfaction etc.

The Individual for whom

Equity exist.

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