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1933-1945

1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

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Page 1: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

1933-1945

Page 2: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

What is the Holocaust?

• Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945. – Other individuals and groups were persecuted

and suffered grievously during this period, but only the Jews were marked for complete and utter extinction.

Page 3: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

What is Genocide?

• The Systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group.

• Some Past and Current Genocides:– The Holocaust– Soviet Ukraine– Cambodia– Rwanda– Yugoslavia– Darfur

Page 4: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Pyramid of Hate

• This pyramid shows how hate can escalate into something more than just discrimination but into extermination.

Page 5: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Elements Leading to the Holocaust

• Totalitarianism combined with Nationalism

• History of Anti-Semitism

• Defeat in World War I

• Hitler’s belief in the Master Race

Page 6: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Totalitarianism

• Centralized control by an autocratic authority and the political concept that the citizens should be totally subjected to an absolute state authority

Page 7: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Nationalism

• Loyalty and devotion to a nation; and a sense of national consciousness exalting ones nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.

Page 8: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Anti-Semitism

• Hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group.

Page 9: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Master Race

• Used in Nazism to designate a supposed master race of Non-Jewish Caucasians usually having Nordic features. – Blond hair and Blue

eyes– Known as the Aryan

Race

Chart Showing the Races of Germany

Page 10: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Nuremberg Laws• Germany - 1935

• Defined who was a Jew

• Deprived Jews of political rights

Page 11: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 12: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 13: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Kristallnacht

• 1938 - Germany

• “Night of the Broken Glass”

• Organized violence against Jews throughout Germany and Austria

Page 14: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 15: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

The fire department only made sure the fire did not spread to the building next to the synagogue

Page 16: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

View of the interior of the Essenweinstrasse synagogue in Nuremberg following its destruction during Kristallnacht.

Page 17: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Ghettos

• 1939-45 - German occupied territories

• Small areas of a city where Jews were isolated

Page 18: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 19: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 20: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Einsatzgruppen

• 1941 - Poland and Russia

• Mobile Killing Squads

Page 21: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 22: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 23: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 24: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Final Solution

• Ghettos• Camps• Transportation• Gas Chambers• Crematories

Page 25: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Transportation

• Systematic Deportation• Boxcar

– 100+ people in one car– Doors were bolted shut– No place to sit down– Often people were

forced to pay for their transportation

– No food or water given.

Page 26: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Deportations

• 1939-1945 - Throughout Europe

• Movement of Jews to ghettos and then to camps

Page 27: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 28: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Jews board a deportation train at the railroad station in Würzburg.

Page 29: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Hundreds of Jews wait to board deportation trains at the railroad station in Würzburg. Their luggage and bed rolls are piled in the center of the platform.

Page 30: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Concentration Camps

• Types of Camps– Concentration/Labor– Extermination/Death

• Major Camps– Dauchau-Buchenwald– Auschwitz– Treblinkia– Bikenau

Page 31: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Camps

• 1939-1945 - Throughout Europe

• Different types: labor camps, concentration camps, and death camps

Page 32: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 33: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945
Page 34: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

“Work makes one free”

Page 35: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Gas Chambers

• Many victims did not know of their death– Gas Chambers were

referred to as Baths/Showers

• Zyklon B – was used as a poison

• Millions of people came to their deaths.

Page 36: 1933-1945. What is the Holocaust? Holocaust - The destruction of some 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their followers in Europe between the years 1933-1945

Crematoriums

• Prisoners were forced to staff the crematoriums.

• Their job was to remove all valuables from the victims.