1932: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation A government fund to help banks and other financial institutions in trouble 2 billion dollars to spend 700 million in public works attached to the program Hoover urges voluntary help for the crisis The Presidents Emergency Commission for Employment (PECE) The Presidents Organization for Unemployment Relief (POUR) PECE and POUR helped coordinate voluntary unemployment relief National Credit Corporation gets healthy banks to give advice to banks in trouble. Mexican-Americans and Mexican immigrants voluntarily deported in the 1930s Cities across the United States set up unemployment relief funds; By 1932 most of these funds, and the cities, were bankrupt right: Boss Michael Curley The Communist Party provides help and leadership at Harlan County, West Virginia, the Scottsboro case in Alabama, the Ford River Rouge Plant in Dearborn, Michigan 1930s CP writers and artists: above: Langston Hughes in the Soviet Union; right: Lillian Hellman; center: Diego Rivera; Clifford Odets; Mike Gold; Dalton Trumbo; top: Mark Blitzstein rehearsing his Cradle Will Rock Communist led unemployed council in Washington state; right, magazine of the Trade Union Unity League The Scottsboro Boys after their arrest in 1931 Samuel Leibowitz with the Scottsboro defendants; top right: Ruby Bates and Victoria Price and Election of 1932 FDR: 22,829,777 (57.4%) Herbert Hoover: 15,761,254 (39.7%) Norman Thomas (Socialist Party): 884,885 (2.2)% William Z. Foster (Communist): 0.2% FDR: Private and Public We have nothing to fear but fear itself.