1865-1900

*Chapter 25: America Moves to the City

*The Urban Frontier

*Describe the first skyscraper.

*In what ways were Americans becoming mass commuters?

*Why were people drawn to the city?

*Department stores heralded in an era of ______________________.

*What new ways of living were introduced in the city?

*What were some issues within cities?

*What were some of the contradictions of urban life.

*Describe the living conditions of the slums.

*The New Immigration

*How many immigrants came to the US between 1850-1882?

*Describe the immigrants that came to the US until the 1880s.

*Describe the new immigrants and where they lived when they arrived.

*Southern Europe Uprooted

*Why did immigrants leave their home countries?

*What were “American letters” and why were they important?

*Why did industrialists want new immigrant workers?

*How did persecution impact immigration?

*What did “birds of passage” do?

*How did immigrants preserve their culture?

*Reaction to the New Immigration

*How did the government deal with new immigrants?

*How did “bosses” factor into the new immigrant experience?

*What was the social gospel and why was it important?

*Who was Jane Addams and what did she do?

*What was the Hull house?

*Who was Florence Kelley?

*What new possibilities were available for women?

*Narrowing the Welcome Mat

*Why was antiforeignism prevalent in the 1880s?

*What issues did nativists blame on the new immigrants?

*What was the American Protective Association?

*How did labor unions feel about the new immigrants?

*What restrictions did the government place on immigration?

*Churches Confront the Urban Challenge

*How did cities pose a challenge to churches?

*Describe the new generation of liberal Protestants.

*How were the Roman Catholic and Jewish faiths affected by new immigrants?

*Describe the two new faiths introduced during the late 1800s.

*What was the purpose of religious-affiliated associations?

*Darwin Disrupts the Churches

*How did The Origin of Species impact religion?

*Describe Darwin’s theory of “natural selection”.

*How did people react to Darwin’s ideas?

*Describe the split in the religious community after 1875.

*How did liberal thinkers reconcile Darwinism and Christianity?

*The Lust for Learning

*What theory prompted an upward climb for public education?

*What happened with high schools during this time period?

*Some other educational trends happened during this time period, what were they?

*What was the Chautauqua movement?

*How was education different in the cities in comparison to rural areas?

*Booker T. Washington and Education for Black People

*Describe education in the south, specifically the impacts on nonwhites.

*Who was Booker T. Washington, what did he do, and why was he considered a “accommodationist”?

*What guided the curriculum at the Tuskegee Institute?

*Who was George Washington Carver and what did he do?

*Who was W.E.B. Du Bois, what did he do and what did he believe in relation to the advancement of African Americans?

*The Hallowed Halls of Ivy

*How did women and African Americans educational opportunities change during this time period?

*What was the Morrill Act of 1862 and how did it impact higher education?

*What was the Hatch Act of 1887 and how did it impact higher education?

*Who were the major educational philanthropists during this time period?

*What was significant about professional and technical schools?

*The March of the Mind

*How did “Continental models” differ from previous college instruction?

*What other pressures helped change the traditional college curriculum?

*What improvements in Medical schools/science were happening during this time period?

*Who was William James and what did he contribute to the medical field?

*Define pragmatism.

*The Appeal of the Press

*What were best sellers during this time period?

*What kind of progress were libraries making and how did were they able to do so?

*How did the Linotype affect newspapers?

*What is sensationalism?

*Who were the two journalistic tycoons and how did they sell papers?

*What offset sensationalistic journalism?

*Apostles of Reform

*Describe the content of The Nation and Godkin’s goal.

*Who was Henry George and what did he believe?

*Who was Edward Bellamy and what influences did his writing have on America?

*Postwar Writing

*What were dime novels?

*Who was General Lewis Wallace and what did he write?

*Why were Horatio Alger’s stories popular during this time period?

*Who were Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson?

*Literary Landmarks

*What did the content of novels address during this time period?

*Kate Chopin and Mark Twain were voices of the South, what did their writing discuss?

*Who was Bret Harte and what did do that was significant?

*What did William Dean Howells write about?

*What did Stephen Crane write about?

*Who was Henry Adams and why did he write?

*What was the dominant theme in Henry James’ writing?

*In what works were portrayals of contemporary life and social problems addressed?

*White kind of realism did Paul Laurence Dunbar and Charles W. Chestnut bring to the literature of the time period?

*Why was Dreiser’s novel Sister Carrie withdrawn from circulation?

*The New Morality

*What did Victoria Woodhull believe and how did this shock the American public?

*What did Anthony Comstock do that reflected the view point of “pure-minded Americans”?

*How was the “new morality” reflected?

*Families and Women in the City

*How were families impacted by the urban environment?

*How did urban life impact family size and work habits?

* In what ways were women growing more independent?

*Who was Charlotte Perkins Gilman and what did she believe?

*What was the National American Woman Suffrage Association and who was involved in it?

*Carrie Chapman Catt was the most effective leader of the suffrage movement, why?

*What major argument did women use in their argument for suffrage?

*Wyoming was the first state that allowed women to vote, what followed suit?

*What role did African American women play in the fight for suffrage?

*Prohibition of Alcohol and Social Progress

*What was the major argument of the critics of prohibition?

*How did the National Prohibition Party do in some presidential elections?

*What was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and who were the women involved?

*What was the Anti-Saloon League?

*What was the great triumph of prohibitionists?

*What were two other social movements that happened during this time period?

*Artistic Triumph

*Who were some of the famous American painters that made their living abroad?

*What did George Inness, Thomas Eakins, and Winslow Homer paint?

*Who was Augustus Saint-Gaudens and why is he famous?

*What kind of music became popular during this time period?

*What was the phonograph?

*What is the “Richardsonian” style of architecture?

*What was the Columbian Exposition and how did it impact American art?

*The Business of Amusement

*What is vaudeville?

*What was the “Greatest Show on Earth”?

*What were Wild West shows and who were some famous participants?

*Describe two modernly popular sports that gained popularity during this time period.

*What was exemplified by football?

*Who fought in the boxing world championship of 1892?

*What were the two crazes that swept the country in the late 1800s?