Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
13 – EARLY EVIDENCE OF CEREBRAL GREY MATTERVOLUME CHANGED AFTER TREATMENT IN NEUROLEPTICNAÏVE, NEWLY DIAGNOSED SCHIZOPHRENIA
Y. Deng 1, H.S. Merali2, C. Cheung1, E.Y.H. Chen1, V. Cheung1,G.M. McAlonan1, S.E. Chua1.
1Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong2Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, USA
Presenting Author details: [email protected] of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, HKU, n/a Hong Kong,Hong Kong,Tel.: +852 281 99554; fax: +852 281 99550.
Background: Antipsychotic drugs influence brain morphology inschizophrenia and usually require 3 weeks for marked effect. We useda comprehensive computational morphometry analysis to investigatebrain volumetric changes after 3 weeks of antipsychotic exposure in aprospective, longitudinal, cohort of anti-psychotic-naïve individualsnewly diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Methods: Voxel-based morphometric (VBM) analysis was performedon magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain acquired before(t=0) and after 3 weeks (t=3 weeks) of antipsychotic treatment in 17individuals with first-episode schizophrenia who had never receivedanti-psychotic treatment (7 males, 10 females). SPM (StatisticalParametric Mapping) 99 software using paired t test s was used toperform VBM analysis of grey matter volumetric differences betweent=0 and t=3 weeks.
Results: After 3 weeks of antipsychotic medication, significant clustersof volume excess in grey matter were detected in bilateral caudate, rightparahippocampal gyrus and right postcentral gyrus. Clusters of volumedeficits were detected in left superior frontal gyrus. Region-of-interest(ROI) confirmed caudate volumetric increased after early medication.
Conclusions: Brain volumetric changes after 3 weeks medicationsuggests that drug-mediated neural and brain plasticity may occurduring clinical recovery.
doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.080
14 – UNIQUE AND OVERLAPPING ABNORMALITIES INBRAIN ACTIVATION DURING VERBAL WORKING MEMORYTASK PERFORMANCE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PATIENTSWITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR AFFECTIVEDISORDER
O. Gruber 1, I. Henseler1, H. Scherk1, T. Wobrock1, P. Falkai1.
1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg AugustUniversity, Goettingen, Germany
Presenting Author details: [email protected]. 5, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany,Tel.: +49 551 3912289; fax: +49 551 392004.
Background: Working memory dysfunctions are promising inter-mediate phenotypes, i.e. biological markers, which may help to
clarify genetic and pathophysiological factors, involved in thepathogenesis of schizophrenic and affective psychoses [1].However, little is known about the possible role of these braindysfunctions for differential diagnosis, for instance betweenschizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. In the present study,we directly compared abnormalities in brain activation duringverbal working memory task performance in schizophrenic andbipolar patients as compared to healthy controls.
Methods: 12 schizophrenic patients, 14 bipolar patients and 14healthy controls underwent fMRI during a delayed matching to sampletask requiring the maintenance of verbal information in workingmemory [2,3]. Data were preprocessed and statistically analyzed usingstandard procedures as implemented in SPM2.
Results: In comparison to healthy controls, both schizophrenic andbipolar patients exhibited significantly increased activation in bilateraldorsolateral prefrontal cortex and in right intraparietal cortex.Abnormal hyperactivations that were unique to either schizophreniaor bipolar disorder were found in bilateral caudate nucleus and theright amygdala, respectively.
Conclusions: Compatible with findings from genetic research into thepathogenesis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the present datashow both similarities and significant differences between these twodiagnostic categories regarding the patterns of abnormal brainactivation that may underlie the verbal working memory deficitsoften seen in these patients.
References:
[1] Gruber, O., Gruber, E., Falkai, P. (2006) Neuroscience Letters, 405(1–2), 24–28.[2] Gruber, O. (2001) Cerebral Cortex, 11, 1047–1055.[3] Gruber, O. and von Cramon, D. Y. (2003) NeuroImage, 19, 797–809.
doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.081
15 – LATERALITY IN GREY MATTER DENSITIES OF THEFRONTAL LOBE IN MEN AND WOMEN WITHSCHIZOPHRENIA: AVOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY STUDY
J. Jimenez 1,2, A. Mancini-Marïe1,2, C. Corcoran3, C. Fahim4,S. Karama5, M. Beauregard6,8, J. Lévesque7, B. Mensour8, E. Stip1,9,A. Mendrek1,2.
1Department of Psychiatry, Fernand-Seguin Research Center, Louis-HLafontaine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada2Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty ofMedicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada3Center of Prevention and Evaluation, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, Columbia University, NY, USA4Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The MontrealNeurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal Canada5Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Division, DouglasHospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada6Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Montreal,Montreal, Canada7Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology and CognitionResearch Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada8Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de lʼUniversité deMontréal (CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada9Centre Cyceron, Caen, France
38 ABSTRACTS / Schizophrenia Research 98 (2008) 3–199
Presenting Author details: [email protected], rue Hochelaga, H1N 3V2 Montreal, Canada,Tel.: +1 514 251 4015.
Background: Controversial findings on whether laterality of frontalabnormalities is specific to schizophrenia, or if the patients' sex mayinfluence such laterality encouraged us to examine lateralization offrontal grey matter densities (GMd) in men and women withschizophrenia.
Methods:GMdwere measured in T1-scans of schizophrenia men (SZ-M) N=15 and schizophrenia women (SZ-W) N=10 compared tohealthy controls men (HM) N=15 and women (HW) N=10 matchedfor age using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and anatomicalautomated labeling (AAL) in SPM2. Using left (LFH) and right (RFH)frontal hemispheric masks, only corrected p-values, voxels ≥5 and z-scores ≥5.00 were considered.
Results: Patients groups did not differ in age or medication. UsingANOVA, SZ-M showed a total GMd voxel (VX) decrease of 8376in RFH in medial, inferior, middle orbital, superior medial andolfactory. LFH showed a total decrease of VX=10310 in therectus, inferior operculum, superior medial frontal, olfactory andmiddle frontal. SZ-M had increases only in the RFH (619-voxels)in the superior frontal. SZ-W showed a total GMd decreases ofVX=20,414 in RFH in: rectus, inferior orbital, superior medialfrontal, and middle frontal. A total decrease of 27,214 voxels weredetected in the LFH in rectus, inferior part of the inferior orbital,medial portion of the middle orbital, superior medial frontal,middle frontal and inferior operculum. SZ-W had increases only inthe LFH (4154-voxels) in the lateral portion of the middle orbitaland middle part of the inferior orbital.
Conclusions: These results show that SZ-M have more GMddifference between hemispheres compared to SZ-W, suggestingthat sex may influence laterality findings in the schizophrenialiterature.
doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.082
16 – FUNCTIONAL DEFICIT IN MEDIAL PREFRONTALCORTEX: A COMMON NEURAL BASIS FOR IMPAIREDCOMMUNICATION IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA, FIRSTEPISODE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDERS?
O. Maiza 1,2, A. Razafimandimby1, P. Delamillieure1,2, P. Brazo1,2,V. Beaucousin1, L. Lecardeur1, P. Lebain2, B. Mazoyer1,2,N. Tzourio-Mazoyer1, S. Dollfus1,2.
1Groupe dʼImagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Cyceron center, UMR 6194CNRS, France2Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Caen,France
Presenting Author details: [email protected] Hospitalier Universitaire, 14000 Caen., France,Tel.: +33 2 31 06 50 18; fax: +33 2 31 06 49 87.
Background: In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) study, we evidenced a functional deficit of the medialprefrontal cortex while schizophrenic patients were listening to a
factual story involving complex social interactions (Dollfus et al.,2007). The aim of this study was to investigate whether such afunctional deficit located in the theory of mind (ToM) network ispresent at the beginning of illness and is specific of schizophrenia.
Methods: Thirty two subjects were included, 8 schizophrenicpatients (DSM-IV) matched for age, gender and handedness on 8healthy controls, 8 patients with a first episode of schizophrenia and8 patients with bipolar disorders (DSM-IV). Subjects were scannedwith fMRI while they were listening to the same story as in ourprevious study.Results: In comparison to healthy controls, each patient groupexhibited decreased activations in the left medial superior frontal gyrus(x=−10, y=54, z=34; pb0.001 uncorrected). This was the only brainregion that presented a functional deficit common to the three patientgroups.
Conclusions: A functional deficit in a region involved in ToMprocessing is present since the beginning of schizophrenia and persiststhroughout the course of the illness. It is not specific to schizophreniasince it affects also patients with bipolar disorders. This absence ofrecruitment of a frontal area involved in the processing of self and ToMmight be related to the disturbances of social interactions andcommunication in both schizophrenic and bipolar patients.
Acknowledgement: French Health Ministry.
Reference:Dollfus et al. Functional deficit in medial prefrontal cortex inschizophrenic patients, Schizophr. Research, in revision.
doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.083
17 – DIFFERENCES IN GREY MATTER DENSITY IN FRONTALLOBE REGIONS IN MEN AND WOMEN WITHSCHIZOPHRENIA
A. Mancini-Marïe 1,2, C. Corcoran3, J. Jimenez1,2, C. Fahim4,S. Karama5, M. Beauregard6,8, J. Lévesque7, B. Mensour8, E. Stip1,9,A. Mendrek1,2.
1Department of Psychiatry, Fernand-Seguin Research Center, Louis-HLafontaine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada2Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty ofMedicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada3Center of Prevention and Evaluation, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, Columbia University, NY, USA4Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The MontrealNeurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada5Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Division, DouglasHospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada6Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Montreal7Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology and CognitionResearch Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada8Department of Radiology, Centre hospitalier de lʼUniversité deMontréal (CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada9Centre Cyceron, Caen, France
Presenting Author details: [email protected] Rue Hochelaga, H1N 3V2 Montreal, Canada,Tel.: +1 514 251 4015; fax: +1 514 251 2617.
39ABSTRACTS / Schizophrenia Research 98 (2008) 3–199
