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DATA ANALYSIS USING THE SPSS PROGRAM
STEPS FOR ENTERING THE DATA INTO SPSS DATA EDITOR
1
2
VALIDITY TEST
Kappa value
1
2
VALIDITY TEST
3
RESULT OF THE ANALYSIS
REALIBILITY TEST
1. test-retest
• Same test given for second time at certain time period
• If second test is identical to first test, the instruments gave high reliability
2. Split half
• split two item randomly
• .96 and above unacceptable – coz items in instruments almost the same and may overlap each other
1. Cronbach’s alpha
• Test index score
REALIBILITY TEST
3
REALIBILITY TEST
REALIBILITY TEST
Kuder – richardson, KR 20
REALIBILITY TEST
REALIBILITY TEST
2. Cronbach’s Alpha
1
2
REALIBILITY TEST
If item 6 is discarded from the instrument, the reliability of the instrument will increase from .67 to .75
REALIBILITY TEST
REALIBILITY TEST
REALIBILITY TEST3. Test-retest
Eg: one variable
REALIBILITY TEST
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS & INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Statistics Function Measurement/test
Descriptive statistics • Describe the characteristics of a variable
• Used to make a conclusion about a variable based on numerical data.
• Do not make generalizations from a research sample to the population
frequency ModeMedianRangeStd deviationVariance ProportionPercentageZ scoreRate RatioNormal distribution curve
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS & INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Statistics Function Measurement/test
Inferential statistics • Describe the relationship between variables
• Describe the characteristics of sample selected from the population.
• The characteristics of the sample are generalized to its population.
T-test ANOVAChi-squarePearson correlation
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTIC
• Min, mode, median, std dev., variance, chart
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTIC
• Frequency, chart
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTIC
• Min, mode, median, std dev.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTIC
• Min, mode, median, std dev.
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Independent t-test• To compare mean score, on same continuous
variable, for two different group of participant
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Independent t-test
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Independent t-test
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Independent t-test
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Paired samples t-test• To compare mean score of same group of
participant from two sets of repeated-measures data
• Pre test & post test
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Paired samples t-test
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Paired samples t-test
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Correlation
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Correlation
INFERENTIAL STATISTIC
• Correlation
