“Historical Story: The Battle of 10 November 1945 Surabaya ”

by:Ginza Devisi Amerina

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The Battle of Surabaya

The Battle of Surabaya was fought between pro-independence Indonesian soldiers against British and Dutch

troops as a part of the Indonesian National Revolution

Despite fierce resistance, British and Indian troops managed to conquer Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia, on

behalf of the Netherlands

This battle was the first war of Indonesian troops with foreign forces after the Declaration of Independence

The battle was the heaviest single battle of the revolution and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance

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The Battle of Surabaya

THE BATTLE OF SURABAYA

Surabaya warriors refused the

ultimatum of allied forces

The death of Mallaby

Dutch-flag torn incident

[10 November 1945]

[30 October 1945]

[19 September 1945]

[9 November 1945]

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Dutch-flag torn incident in Yamato hotel

On 17 August 1945, Soekarno and Hatta declared the Independence of Indonesia in Jakarta

On 19 September 1945, a group of Dutch raised the Dutch flag outside the Hotel Yamato

Most of the youth approached and climbed the wall and the top gate hotel to tare and lower the blue one

[Oranje Hotel, 19 September 1945]

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Death of Brigadier of England, Mallaby

Captain R.C. Smith, who was in the stationary car, reported that a

young Republican shot and killed Mallaby after a short

conversation. Smith then reported throwing a grenade from the car

in the direction of where he thought the shooter had hidden.

Although he was not sure whether or not it hit its target, the

explosion caused the back seat of the car to ignite

His car was surrounded by Indonesian Republican militia. Fearing that their commander was about to be attacked,

led by British Major fired into the air to disperse the Indonesian militia. The militia, thinking that the British

were taking hostile action, fired back at the British troops.

He was travelling about

Surabaya under a white

flag to spread the news

about the cease fire

agreement when his car

approached the British

troops' post

ALLIED FORCES’S

ULTIMATUM

[Red Bridge, 30 October 1945]

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The Main Battle

The ultimatum was rejected by the

Indonesian side of Surabaya

City of Surabaya

Cannon & Tanks

Warships

Aircraft

at 06:00 am on 10 November 1945 the British army began to demolish and methodological

advance of bombardment

Resistance of the people who initially

carried out spontaneously and were

not coordinated

Increasingly in regular basis

the British supposed that the resistance in Surabaya

could be conquered in 3

days

• 3 Weeks

Duration

• 6000 – 16000 Indonesians

• 600 – 2000 British Army

Victims

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ULTIMATUM

Limit of the ultimatum was at 6:00 the morning of 10 November 1945

“All Indonesian leaders, including the leaders of the Youth Movements, the Chief Police and the Chief Official of the Soerabaya Radio will report at Bataviaweg by 18.00 hours, 9th November. They will approach in single file carrying any arms they possess. These arms will be laid down at a point 100 yards from the rendezvous, after which the Indonesians will approached with their hands above their heads and will taken into custody, and must be prepared to sign a document of unconditional surrender”

The Ultimatum:

8

Man of the Battle

Bung Tomo, who is famous for his fiery oration in encouraging the fighters. Heroic speeches of Bung Tomo (Soetomo) was one of the trigger.

• As long Indonesian warriors still have the red blood that can make a piece of white cloth into red and white, so long as we want it we will not surrender to anybody!

• Freedom or Death. "The people of Surabaya reject the Allied ultimatum, is better crushed perish than colonized again and called on the people of Surabaya prepares to commemorate the war the next day."

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At midnight on 9 November 1945, East Java’s Governor of Surabaya, Suryo, bravely called over the radio

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Heroes Monument

The heroes monuments stands like a rocket pointed towards the moon in Pahlawan street central Surabaya. It’s not omitted or even decorated, not particularly large, but it’s simplicity may have been the deliberate plan of its architect to convey humble, rather than bellicose pride. The monument becomes a center of major attention every November 10th, the day in 1945 when Surabaya commemorates those heroes who died during the independence war

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10

Red Bridge

Located at North Surabaya, in whose surrounding is one of the most savage fightings ever seen on Java, and it was right here that Brigadir Jendral Mallaby from England was killed on 30th October 1945

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Oranje/Majapahit Hotel

The heroic event in Tunjungan Street make that street name had

increasingly recognized

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Stadium and Institute

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New Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium

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How do we respect?

Importance of the spirit of unity of all elements in the nation in the face of all odds, easily subject to the will and the pressure of foreign nations.

10 November is commemorated as Heroes Day by the Republic of Indonesia until now and Surabaya is well-known as City of Heroes

Emerging the patriotism and heroism of young generation to bring the success for the nation

Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped evoke Indonesian and international support for Indonesian Independence

And lastly, I hope the fighting spirit of heroism which was inscribed by the Surabaya fighters and heroes who have fallen before us continues flowing on earth of Surabaya. And I hope that my blood has also inherited the fighting spirit, so I can only say: 'I'm proud of my Surabaya', but one day I should be able to make Surabaya proud of me.

THANK YOU