10 AET - Health and Safety

8/18/2019 10 AET - Health and Safety

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A.E. Training – Health & Safety


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“Why do we need Health and Safety rules, regulations and

procedures, we all know how to look after ourselves atwork……don’t we?”

You would maybe have thought that Health and Safety was just a matter of common sense, well to prove that it isn’t,

take a look at the next few slides…

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Health & Safety


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Health & Safety

What is wrong with this photo?


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Health & Safety

And this one?


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Health & Safety

And this one?


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Health & Safety

And this one?


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Health & Safety

And finally this one?


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Health & Safety

Do you still think that Health and Safetyis “common sense”?


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Health & Safety

The Health and Safety rules , regulations and proceduresare released to provide the information on the acceptable

minimum level of common sense and to advise what

procedures people have to follow at their work place to

protect their health at work, because all of us have different

level of common sense.

There are three levels of Health and Safety rules,

regulations and procedures that we are going to examine…


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Health & safety rules,

regulations and procedures

H.A.S.A.W.A.(Health And Safety At Work Act)

E.A.W.R.(Electricity At Work Regulations)

P.U.W.E.R.(Provision and Use of Work

Equipment Regulations)

L.O.L.E.R.(Lifting Operations and

Lifting Equipment Regulations)

R.I.D.D.O.R.

(Reporting of Incidents,Diseases and Dangerous

Occurrences Regulations)

Site Safety

Requirements

Site Induction

Electrical Rules

And Procedures

Risk Assessments/

Method Statements

Site Installation

Procedures

Incident Reporting

Procedure

Company

Procedures

Health & Safety


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Health & Safety

The previous slide listed some

(but not all!) of the NationalRegulations that apply in the

UK, but the UK is not the only

country in the world that has

Health & Safety Regulations.

Every country where we work

will have some sort of National

Legislation and Regulations

related to Health & Safety, and

it is our duty to comply withthem, whatever they may be!


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Health & Safety

The major reasons for any country to invest the time toproduce and enforce Health & Safety regulations andlegislation is to protect the health and safety of personnelgoing about their normal “every day” work.

Health and Safety legislation and regulations are:

oTo set a minimum acceptable standard of health and

safety in the workplace.

oNot intended to stop work being done!

o Intended to make those with duties Stop and Think how itcan be done safely.

oEssential to provide a good framework for Health &Safety in workplaces

Health and Safety legislation and regulations makes safetyeveryone's business!


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Health & Safety

The Regulations and Legislation in the UK identifies“duties” for both Employers and Employees when it comesto Health & Safety.

The duties of the Employee are to:

oEnsure your own health & safety

oEnsure the health & safety of others around youoCo-operate with your employer

oDon’t interfere with safety equipment etc.

oReport health & safety problems

oUse equipment safely as trained


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Health & Safety

The duties of the Employer are to:

oEnsure the health & safety of its employeesoEnsure the health & safety of others

oProvide safe systems of work and procedures

oProvide training, supervision etc. for its employees

oProvide a safe workplace and safe equipment, including

any Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.) required to

carry out their job

oProvide welfare facilities and first aid coveroConsult with employees on health & safety matters


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Health & Safety

The hierarchy for health and safety rules and procedures is:

o

National Regulations (always must comply)o Customers Rules and Procedures (if applicable)

o Cummins Rules and Procedures (always must comply)

When we are working on a site and the Customer has their

own safety rules and procedures but they contradict or arenot to the same standard as the Cummins safety rules andprocedures, then we should use the Cummins safety rulesand procedures.

A lot of rules and regulations apply to every single workactivity we get involved with – from the design, supply,installation, commissioning and maintenance of equipment,to operating office equipment like computers, photocopiersand even the coffee machines!


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Health & Safety

Whilst the legislation and regulations of the UK are differentto those of other countries around the world, the underlying

philosophies can be found to be the same as the healthand safety rules and procedures found in many othercountries, and are closely mirrored in the Cummins healthand safety rules and procedures – which as Cumminsemployees we have to comply with!

As a minimum, when we carry out any work on a site –whether that site is owned/controlled by Cummins or not –we must comply with all local and national regulations,rules and procedures that exist in the area where we are.

In addition to the relevant local and national regulations,rules and procedures, we may also come into contact withadditional rules and procedures that are relevant orpertinent to the site on which we are working.


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Health & Safety

Some of our Customers will have their own sets of healthand safety rules and procedures, for instance:

o Military Bases

o Data Centres

o Oil Refineries

o UtilitiesThese types of Customer may have their own sets of healthand safety rules and procedures because they havespecific requirements that are above and beyond thenational regulations due to the nature of their sites.

Where we have to work on these types of sites we mustcomply with these requirements as well as the relevantnational regulations.


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Health & Safety

When we carry out any work on a site – whether that site isowned/controlled by Cummins or not – we must also

comply with the Cummins corporate rules and procedures.

CPGK has rules, procedures and guidelines covering:

o Electrical Health and Safety

o

General Site Health and Safetyo Equipment Lifting

o General Work Instructions

Whenever we are carrying out any work on a site, if the

Customer does not have their own specific health andsafety rules and procedures, then we shall utilise theCummins health and safety rules, procedures andguidelines.


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Health & Safety

For instance, when carrying out any electrical work on asite – whether that involves installing, commissioning,

maintaining or decommissioning a single generating set ora complete power station – we have to comply with theCummins Electrical Health & Safety Rules and Procedures.

This means complying with the rules and procedures,

carrying out work under the control of Permits to Work,utilising Lock Out/Tag Out (L.O.T.O.) procedures, usingSwitching Programmes when isolating equipment etc.

Therefore any person who undertakes site work forCummins must participate in the CPGK Electrical Health &

Safety Rules and Procedure training course, and must beauthorised by Cummins to undertake the necessary work.


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Health & Safety

But why are there so many health and safety regulations,rules and procedures that we must follow?

As we identified earlier in this presentation, the requirementto have health and safety regulations, rules and proceduresis so that we can ensure our own personal health andsafety as well as the health and safety of those working

along side us.We can ensure our own safety and that of others byensuring that we carry out all of our work tasks in a safemanner so as to avoid, as far as possible, accidents asaccidents essentially affect our health and our safety.


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Health & Safety

There are really only two causes of accidents:

UNSAFE ACTS

o Standing on the top step of a

step ladder

o Removing guards from

machines

o Leaving materials on the floor ofa corridor

o Blocking a doorway or escape

route

o

Not wearing correct P.P.E.o Putting chemicals in unmarked

containers

o Using machines or tools without

training

UNSAFE CONDITIONS

o Unstable or dangerous working

platform

o Dangerous machinery

o Materials and trip hazards on

floor

o Blocked access routes and

exits

o Excessive noise levels, or dust

in air etc.o Overcrowding

o External factors such as

weather etc.


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Health & Safety

Whilst there may be only two main reasons why accidents

occur, there are many different factors that may contribute

to an injury or incident occurring:

oDesign factors – e.g. Inadequate machine guarding, high

noise, poorly located controls

oManagement factors – e.g. Failing to correct conditions orpractice, that may result in an injury

oEnvironmental factors – e.g. Heat, fumes, inadequate

lighting

oBehavioural factors – e.g. Failure to follow correct workprocedures or use of P.P.E.


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Health & Safety

Analysis has shown that in general 75% of accidents are

deemed as being Foreseeable, and if they are foreseeable

- then they are Preventable!

Some accidents can be easily prevented – such as keepingcorridors and exit routes clear, cleaning up liquid spills ifyou make one, etc., but what about the more “unusual”

tasks that you do not do everyday, or the more dangeroustasks that you have to undertake as part of your day to day

job – how can you minimise the chances of those tasksturning into accidents?

RISK ASSESSMENTS and METHOD STATEMENTS!


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Health & Safety

What is a Risk Assessment and how do you carry one out?

What is a Method Statement and what is its function?


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Health & Safety

Definition:

Risk Assessment: (n) – A formalised analysis undertakento ensure that all risks and hazards associated with a

particular job of work to be carried out are identified

and assessed using set criteria, which allows the risks to

be ranked and control measures designed to eliminate the

risk to be implemented, or if elimination is not possible then

at least to severely reduce the effects of the risk.

To accomplish this, a Risk Assessment Matrix is used toascertain the Consequence and Probability of injury

occurring when a person is exposed to the identified

hazard.


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Health & Safety

CONSEQUENCE

What are the possible consequences resulting from exposure to

the particular hazard?

The consequences considered would be the severity of any likely

personal injury to somebody being exposed to the hazard and also the

possibility of damage to equipment which could create other hazards.

It should be noted that the consequences of the identified hazard donot change even when the probability has changed as a result of

control measures implemented.

PROBABILITY

What is the likelihood of harm occurring when exposed to the

risk?

The probability of an identified hazard occurring can change with the

implementation of the correct control measure.


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Health & Safety

By utilising a Risk Assessment Matrix, it is possible to identify a Risk

Assessment Rating for each task to be undertaken, the value of which

determines whether measures need to be taken in order to reduce theprobability of the risk occurring (reducing the Risk Assessment Rating),

or whether the risk is too great to undertake the task in question in the

manner being considered thus requiring an alternative approach to be

considered to achieve the desired result.

Note: There are numerous different types of Risk Assessment Matrix

that could be used to carry out this analysis – we shall now examine

one example of a possible Risk Assessment Matrix, but different types

of Risk Assessment Matrix will operate in different ways, but should

give the same results in respect of what measures need to be taken, ifany, to reduce or mitigate the risk.


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Health & Safety

The table to the right

shows a “typical” Risk

Assessment Matrix.

The Probability across

the top of the table is

rated from “A” to “E”, with

“A” meaning an almost

certain probability ofsomething happening,

and “E” meaning a very

unlikely probability of

something happening.

The Consequences down the side of the table is rated from “1” to “5” with “1” meaning the

consequences of something happening result in a fatality, and “5”

meaning the consequences result only in minor first aid being required.


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Health & Safety

Risk Assessment Rating of 1 to 3: The risk is classified as “Unacceptable” and requires immediate action to either

reduce the consequences of exposure to the hazard or reduce the probability ofthe hazard occurring.

Risk Assessment Rating of 4 to 11:

The risk is classified as “Very Likely” and requires immediate action to either

reduce the consequences of exposure to the hazard or reduce the probability of

the hazard occurring.


The risk is classified as “Unlikely” and requires suitable warning notices to be

posted at suitable locations. All personnel who could be affected by the hazard

should also be informed of the hazard to ensure correct safety procedures are

always followed and correct P.P.E. is used.


The risk is classified as “Low Risk” and requires monitoring to ensure that all

safety procedures are being adhered to and that the probability or

consequences do not increase.


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Health & Safety

In addition to Consequence and Probability, one further parameter

should be considered when classifying risks and this relates to

Exposure which when considered may impose or modify anycontemplated control measures.

EXPOSURE

How often are individuals exposed to the risk?

Some hazards identified may have only limited consequences if theemployee were exposed to them only once, but continued repeated

exposure may require a different approach to be considered.

Once the risk has been assessed, a strategy must be identified and

implemented to eliminate, reduce or control the risk of the identified

hazard occurring.


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Health & Safety

The Hierarchy of Controls must be followed when determining the best

method to eliminate, reduce or control the risk which is as follows:

Elimination: Can the risk be eliminated altogether?

Isolation: Can the hazard be isolated?

Substitution: Can the hazard be substituted by one that would

present a lower risk?

Engineering: Can the risk be enclosed, guarded or modified toreduce the risk?

Administration: Can procedures, signs, training be used to reduce the

risk?

P.P.E.: Can additional items of personal protection equipmentbe issued to relevant personnel to guard against

personal injury?

In most instances there will need to be a combination of more than one

of the above control strategies.


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Health & Safety

A revised Risk Assessment Rating should to be determined following

the identification of the control strategy/strategies, and should be

compared to the initial Risk Assessment Rating.

The numerical value of the revised Risk Assessment Rating should

increase when the control is applied due to the lessening of the

probability of the identified hazard occurring (as has been pointed

about before, the consequences of the identified hazard do not

change even when the probability has changed as a result of control

measures implemented).

If the numerical value of the revised Risk Assessment Rating does notincrease, it means that the probability of the identified hazard occurring

has not been reduced and therefore an alternative control

strategy/strategies should be investigated until an increase in the Risk

Assessment Rating is achieved.


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Health & Safety

Having determined the Risk of undertaking the relevant

work activity is acceptable, it is necessary to develop a

Method Statement.

A Method Statement as its name implies, is a document

that identifies in detail exactly how the work activity is going

to be completed – including step by step descriptions of

every stage of the work activity, including where necessary

additional safety precautions that require to be taken such

as additional P.P.E., barriers to be placed around the work

area, additional team members for “watching” or “buddy”

duties, etc.

The Method Statement must be approved before the work

activity can start and must followed without deviation when

the work activity is carried out.


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Health & Safety

But what happens when something goes wrong – what

happens when an incident occurs or somebody does have

an accident or a near miss?

Cummins has a dedicated global team of Health & Safety

professionals who are trained to handle major incidents,

accidents as well as near misses – all major incidents must

be reported using the “Reporting Guidelines For Major

Injuries and Dangerous Occurrences”.


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Health & Safety

Cummins sites, including remote power station sites and

Cummins personnel working on non-Cummins owned sites

are required to report ALL major injuries and dangerous

incidents within 24 hours of an occurrence, using UK

RIDDOR criteria.

Reports should include a summary, immediate response

and short-term actions taken.

The Site Leader will then present a summary report to CMI

senior leadership.

But when do I need to make a report?...


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Health & Safety

…Death or Major Injury

If there is an accident connected with work AND: An employee, or a self-employed person working on your

premises is killed or suffers a major injury (including as a result

of physical violence), or; a member of the public is killed or taken

to hospital. If this happens then…

- Within 1 hour, you must notify your BU Safety Functional

Excellence Leader, who will direct you as to the next steps to

take. Notify the enforcing authority as required by local

regulation. They will ask for brief details about your business,

the injured person and the accident.- Within 7 days the Fast Track Communication must be

submitted and within 14 days a report following the Major

Injury reporting template must be submitted.


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Health & Safety

As part of the Fast Track Communication and the Major

Injury Report, analyses into the causes of the incident or

accident are undertaken utilising as applicable the “7 Step”

and the “5 Whys” analysis techniques.

The Fast Track Communications are also distributed by the

BU Safety Functional Excellence Leader to all Health &

Safety leaders, site and business managers etc. in order

that the lessons learned from the incident are passed on to

all site to try to ensure that the same incident or accident

does not happen again.

If you are in doubt of anything related to health and safety

and how to work safely, contact your relevant Health &

Safety Leader.


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Any Questions?

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10 AET - Health and Safety