1

Protista & Fungi Unit GoalsSB1: Students will analyze the nature of relationships

between structures and functions in living cells.– a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic

and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

SB3: Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.

– b. Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms.

– c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.

– d. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.

2

ProtistaProtistaDomain: Eukarya

•Eukaryotic organisms

3

Endosymbiosis

Evolution of Eukaryotic Organisms

4

KingdomProtista

EukaryoticEukaryotic

heterotrophic or heterotrophic or autotrophic autotrophic (or both)(or both)

Single-CelledSingle-Celled

Have a NucleusHave a Nucleus

Can be pathogens Can be pathogens

Generally aquatic:Generally aquatic:Fresh or marineFresh or marine

MulticellularMulticellular

5

Lack complex organ systemsLack complex organ systems

Kingdom Protistasingle celled organisms

6

Introduction to Kingdom Protista

Video Clip

Method of Nutrition

Animal-like Plant-like Fungi-like

Heterotrophic Autotrophic Absorption

7

Plant-Like

Animal-Like

Fungi-Like

8

CLIP

Animal-Like

Classified

based on

Means of

Locomotio

n

How they moveHow they move

9

Method of Locomotion

Pseudopodia“false” “foot” Flagella Cilia

10

cytoplasmic streaming

Move by Cillia

Move by Cillia

Paramecium

Helps regulate water level

LocomotionAnal Pore

Waste Removal

Food Enters

Contractile Vacuole

Animation

11

12

Move by PseudopodsMove by Pseudopods““False Feet”False Feet”

13

Move by FlagellaMove by Flagella

-made of protein filaments

14

Non-Motile

Non-Motile

Cryptosporidium

Plasmodium falciparum

15

Causes Malaria

•Most unicellular, but

some multicellular

•Autotrophic – contain

chlorophyll & make

food by

photosynthesis

Plant-Like

•Range in size from microscopic to seaweeds hundreds of feet in length

16

Single celled algae

Chlamydomonas

Volvox

Spirogyra

17

When the numbers of algae When the numbers of algae in a lake or a river increase in a lake or a river increase explosively.explosively.

Algal Bloom

•Can be a result of an excess of nutrients •Can decrease dissolved oxygen content

18

p509

19

Multicellular20

EuglenaDetects

light Most live in freshwater, but some live in moist soil & the digestive tracts of certain animals

•Contractile vacuole to pump out excess water •Can be heterotrophic in the absence of light

21

DiatomsDiatoms Have cell walls made of “glass”

22

DiatomsDiatoms23

Fungi-Like

•Multicellular, heterotrophic

•Little tissue specialization

•Usually small & live in moist or

watery habitats

•Act as decomposers breaking

down dead organic matter

Slime molds

water molds

24

Slime molds

•Feed by absorption- -break down dead organic matter•May be saprophytes or parasites

•Make a reproductive structure or fruiting body that produces

spores •Often found on

decaying wood or leaves

25

26

Water Molds

Phytophthora

infestans

caused

blight in

potatoes

(Irish Potato

Famine in

19th

century)

•Aquatic water molds are parasites on fish forming furry growths on their gills •May act as decomposers in water of dead plants & animals •May be pathogenic to plants

27

Termites

Symbiosis28

Red tides are

caused by

population

explosions of

certain

dinoflagellates

that release a

neurotoxin into

the environment.

Shellfish

concentrate this

toxin and it can

kill people who

eat the

contaminated

shellfish.

29

"harmful algal bloom"

Diseases caused by Protista

Protista

Source of food

Eukaryotic

Human diseasesProduce oxygen

Plant Pathogen

Auto or heteroBeginning

of food chain Chemical and Medicines

Termite Guts

30

Kingdom ProtistaAsexual Reproduction

“Binary fission”:

• when an individual splits into 2 identical individuals.

Fragmentation

31

Kingdom ProtistaSexual Reproduction

• conjugation = when 2 individuals exchange micronuclei• results in genetic mixing and “new” genotypes

32

• Production of haploid gametes

Comparing Structures in Protists

33