Protista & Fungi Unit GoalsSB1: Students will analyze the nature of relationships
between structures and functions in living cells.– a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.
SB3: Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.
– b. Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms.
– c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.
– d. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.
2
ProtistaProtistaDomain: Eukarya
•Eukaryotic organisms
3
Endosymbiosis
Evolution of Eukaryotic Organisms
4
KingdomProtista
EukaryoticEukaryotic
heterotrophic or heterotrophic or autotrophic autotrophic (or both)(or both)
Single-CelledSingle-Celled
Have a NucleusHave a Nucleus
Can be pathogens Can be pathogens
Generally aquatic:Generally aquatic:Fresh or marineFresh or marine
MulticellularMulticellular
5
Lack complex organ systemsLack complex organ systems
Kingdom Protistasingle celled organisms
6
Introduction to Kingdom Protista
Video Clip
Method of Nutrition
Animal-like Plant-like Fungi-like
Heterotrophic Autotrophic Absorption
7
Plant-Like
Animal-Like
Fungi-Like
8
CLIP
Animal-Like
Classified
based on
Means of
Locomotio
n
How they moveHow they move
9
Method of Locomotion
Pseudopodia“false” “foot” Flagella Cilia
10
cytoplasmic streaming
Move by Cillia
Move by Cillia
Paramecium
Helps regulate water level
LocomotionAnal Pore
Waste Removal
Food Enters
Contractile Vacuole
Animation
11
12
Move by PseudopodsMove by Pseudopods““False Feet”False Feet”
13
Move by FlagellaMove by Flagella
-made of protein filaments
14
Non-Motile
Non-Motile
Cryptosporidium
Plasmodium falciparum
15
Causes Malaria
•Most unicellular, but
some multicellular
•Autotrophic – contain
chlorophyll & make
food by
photosynthesis
Plant-Like
•Range in size from microscopic to seaweeds hundreds of feet in length
16
Single celled algae
Chlamydomonas
Volvox
Spirogyra
17
When the numbers of algae When the numbers of algae in a lake or a river increase in a lake or a river increase explosively.explosively.
Algal Bloom
•Can be a result of an excess of nutrients •Can decrease dissolved oxygen content
18
p509
19
EuglenaDetects
light Most live in freshwater, but some live in moist soil & the digestive tracts of certain animals
•Contractile vacuole to pump out excess water •Can be heterotrophic in the absence of light
21
DiatomsDiatoms Have cell walls made of “glass”
22
DiatomsDiatoms23
Fungi-Like
•Multicellular, heterotrophic
•Little tissue specialization
•Usually small & live in moist or
watery habitats
•Act as decomposers breaking
down dead organic matter
Slime molds
water molds
24
Slime molds
•Feed by absorption- -break down dead organic matter•May be saprophytes or parasites
•Make a reproductive structure or fruiting body that produces
spores •Often found on
decaying wood or leaves
25
26
Water Molds
Phytophthora
infestans
caused
blight in
potatoes
(Irish Potato
Famine in
19th
century)
•Aquatic water molds are parasites on fish forming furry growths on their gills •May act as decomposers in water of dead plants & animals •May be pathogenic to plants
27
Termites
Symbiosis28
Red tides are
caused by
population
explosions of
certain
dinoflagellates
that release a
neurotoxin into
the environment.
Shellfish
concentrate this
toxin and it can
kill people who
eat the
contaminated
shellfish.
29
"harmful algal bloom"
Diseases caused by Protista
Protista
Source of food
Eukaryotic
Human diseasesProduce oxygen
Plant Pathogen
Auto or heteroBeginning
of food chain Chemical and Medicines
Termite Guts
30
Kingdom ProtistaAsexual Reproduction
“Binary fission”:
• when an individual splits into 2 identical individuals.
Fragmentation
31
Kingdom ProtistaSexual Reproduction
• conjugation = when 2 individuals exchange micronuclei• results in genetic mixing and “new” genotypes
32
• Production of haploid gametes
Comparing Structures in Protists
33