1. Proiectare Asistata a Circuitelor Electronice --- Aplicatii-transfer Ro-01sep-89bd83

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GABRIEL CHINDRlS ANA RUSU

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice

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Gabriel Cblndri Ani Ruu Proicct~rea asistati a cireuitelor elcctronice Aplicatii

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ISBN 913-686-12~ ~

Dilector Mircea Trifumiddot

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Proiectarrd asisata de calculator s-o illpus itl ultimil all ca a metoda ej1cie11a de realcere a Coslurilor (Ie proiectare sl dezvoltare a circuitidorr

eleetrollice Peifect(ollarea algoritmilor de simulare crearea IInor modee lIIair enh I precise p ll dispOzitilele semiconductoare sf creSlerea semnijicativa a pUleni I I de calcul a sistemelar Pc Sunt cnteva dilltre arg(lnenlele chele ale SUCCftSullli

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adreseara stlilellilor llin GIll 1 si III af Facullatii de Electrolic(l JiI Telecomunic(1tii Acese aplicalii Urmaresc deprillderea principalelor teilliei (Ie

ulllimre a programelor de sillmlare a eirellilelor electrollice sl sunl structurale 1 sub forlla lI110r luemr lit laborOtor Aspectele floretice (IU ost concelltrale la

tllictull1leesar Illcrarile fiilld C(JIICepllte pomilld de la lIivelude pregatire alt studelltilo allului IIli 1(

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0 milre parte a illformaliilor prezente Illcrare au fost OPtinllLe iiI procesul de (locumelllare si ilformare susilut prill doua programillletiaffonoe

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Introducere in simularca pspice a circuitelor electronice shy 11 Obiedive

12 Suport teoretie 13 Aplicatie practica

131 Crearea unui proiect de simulare Pspke 132 Editarca circuitelor electronice ~ 133 Simularea circuitului editat

) 134 Vizualizarea rezultatelor simularii _

--135 Structura fisierelor proiectelor OrCAD ~

14 ConcluziL ~ 2 Analize de curent continuu

21 Obiecrive 22 Suport teoreliC

221 Tipuri de anali71i de curent continuu in PSPICE 222 Punclnl slatic de funcionare 223 CaracteriSlicile de transfer in cc 2204 Initializarea valorilor potentialeor nodurilor 225 FUI1ctia de transfer de semna mic in cc 226 Analiza senzitivitlllii de cc

23 Aplicatii practice 231 Caracteristicile de cc ale lTanzistoarelor lEET

24 Concuzii 3 Raspunsul in freeventa a circlitelor - analize de curent altemativ

311 ti Obiective 33 Suport teoretic

331 Tipuri de analiza de curent altemlltiv 332 Rspunsultnflecventil 333 Analiia de zgomot 334 Rezultatele analizei AC 335 Rezultatele analizei NOISE ~

34 Aplicalii practice~ middotmiddot 35 Coneluzii

4 Raspunsul in timp al circuitelor electronice 41 Obiectivele lucrlirii middot middot middotmiddot 42 Suport teoretic middot - middot bullmiddotf bull middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullmiddotbullbullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

421 Rspunsul in timp bull middot 422 Setarea condilii1or irtiliale pentru r~punsul in timp 423 Analiza spectra~ ~~ II dist~rs~~nilor Descompunerea Fourier 424 Rezultatele anallZel trllllZltonl middot middot

43 Apiicatii practice ~ 431 Circuitul RL serie

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432 Circuit RL serie cu conditii initiale 33 433 Cireuite RC serie ~ 35 434 CiTcuite RLC serie 36

44 Concluzii 36 5 Detem1inarea eomportarii eireuitelor hi variatia parametlilor 5i analizc de optimizarc37

51 Obieetive 37 52 Suport tcoretic 3 7

521 Analize paramettiee 3-7 522 Analiiestatistiee 37

53 Aplicatii praetiee ~ middot 38 54 Concluzii 45

6 Analize de performanta 46 61 Obiective 4 62 Suport leoretic 46 63 Aplicatie praetiea 47

631 Crearea unei functii obiectiv (goal) 47 632 Analiza de performanta 48

64 Concuii50

7 7 ISimu~~~e~i~~~~~middot~~~ 72 Suport teoretic T 51

721 Editarea stimulilor digitali 5 I 722 Includerea librariilor de stimuli digitali 52

73 Aplieatii praetice 54 731 Simularea cu porti logice 54 732 Modelarea bus-urilor digitaie de mare vitea 56

74 Concluzii 61 8 Modelarea eomportarii analogice 62

81 ObiectiveL -6 ~ 62 82 Suport teoretic 62

821 Dispozitivele ABM 63 83 Aplieatii praetice 65

831 Filttele Chebyshev bull65 84 Concluzii 68

9 Mo4elarea Pspice cuABM modelarea sistcmelor 69 91 middotObieetive69

92 Suport teoretie 69 93 Aplieatii praetice 70

931 Modelarea ierarhica a sistemelor ~ 70 932 Deserierea sehemelor ierarhiCe72 933 Circuite de generareprelucrare a semnalelor 75 934 Circuite de modulare a sernnalelor 76 935 Modelarea ierarhica a sistemelor de prelucrarelgenerare a semnalelor 79 936 Modelarea ierarhiea a modulatoarelor 80

94 Concluzii~ 80

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Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice AIlIIlt1~~~

I 0 Modelarea unoreomponente pasive

101middot Obiective middot middotmiddot middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot 102 Suport teoretic middotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot middotmiddot middot middotmiddot 103 Apiicatii

1031 Modelarea Pspice a feritelor pentru EMI middot middot middot middotmiddot 1032 Modelare1 rezistoareJor dependellte de temperatura sau tensiune i 1033 Mode1arearezistoarelor depen~elltemiddotde temperatura middot

I 1034 Retele RLC ell Q variabil middot middotbull middot middotmiddot middotmiddot 1035 Modelarea unui capacitor eu dependeutI neliniara 1 J

1036 Model pentru capaeitoare eontrolate in tensiune 10J7 Exemplu de modelare eu tabel de valori middot middot middot middotmiddot middot middotmiddot I 1038 Modelarea polinomiala a eapacitorului dependent de tensiupe

1039 Exemplu de simulate tU modelulpropus middot middot~middot 104 Coneluzii middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middot

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Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Aplicatil

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1 INTRODUCERE IN SlMULAREA PSPICEA CIRCUITELOR ELECTRONICE

11 Objective

Simularea si modelarea cireuitelor electronice reprezinta Ull domeniu de varf al tehnologiei I elapa dceisiva in pToiectarea circuitelor cIeetronice care s-a impus prin efieacitatea sa si prillI costul redus al dezvoltarii proiectelor In aeest context acest capitol isi propune familiarizarea I eu pachclul de programe OrCAD si ell simulatbrul Pspiee indus in aeesla PrilleipaleJe

deprindcri care urmeaza a fi insusite in aeeasta parte sun bull Crearea descltiderea si slergerea lisierelor proiect in OrCAD bull Definirea proiectelor de simulare si mode1arein Pspicc si structula acestora bull Editarea circuitelor electronice ulilizimd bibliolecile de componenle bull Speeificarea profilelor de analiza si rularea analizelor bull RepreZel1larea grafiea a datelorsimularii

) 12 Suporl teoretic

Lansarea proglaIllului OrCAD si a aplicatiei de gestiune a proiectelor Cllpfllie CIS se va fae din meniul Windows Stort-Program FilesOrCAD 9-Capture CI$ Aplicatia Capture CIS est un integrator al modulelQr pachetului de programe OrCAD

bull Express si Layout pentIU editarea circui1elor electronice si proiectare cablajelor

f bull Pspice eu componentele - bull Pspice AD - sirouatorul Pspice

bull Pspice Model Editor - editorul de modjle Psipee bull Pspic Optimizer - programul de optiroizare a cireuitelor electropice bull Pspice Stimulus Editor- editorul de stimuli af programului Pspice

AClSte componente a~ ca punet comu~ fisierul schematic al circuituluimiddot el~ctronie care editeaza eu components Express si genereaza un fisier de legaturi specific fiecarui modul paehetulu OrCAP bull

13 Apllcatlepractica

131 Crearea unul proiect de simulare spic~

PentIU a erea Un proiect tie si~lare Pspice din meniul principal al aplieatiei OreAD Cap se va selecta Fie-New-Project ca in fi~ura unnatoare

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Proiectarea asistataa circuitelor electtonice

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In fereastra de dialog aparuta se va specifica numele proiectuiui nou creat tipul proiectului si calea direct011l1ui unde se va salva proiectul

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Penttu a obtine unproiect de simulare Pspce este obligatorie specificatia Analog or MixedshySignal Circuit Wizard Specificarea acestor date deterrnina lansarea in execurie a unui modul E(press modificat pentru editarea si simularea circuitelor care are meniul principal ca in figura urmatoare

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111 Edirarell circuiteloF electrollice

Penll1l edilrea circuitelor electroni~e se vor dctalia um1310arele operatii d~ bal bull Plasarea pc suprafata de lucru a simbolurilor specifice componentelor bull Cautarea Ullor componente in bibliotecile progf1muJui bull AdaugareaJeiminarea unor biblioteci bull Editarea proprielatilor cOlllponentelor bull Trasarea firelor de legatura intre componente bull Opekii speciale

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Suprafata de lueru pentru desenarea circuitelor electronice se p~ezinta ca 0 zona caroiata pe care se Val amplasa simbolurile cOTespunzatoare componenteor dorite amplasarea unui simbol se va alege din meniul principal optiunea Place-Part sau de pe ba

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J Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor eleetronice Aplicatii

de ins11llmente din dreapta simbolu corespunzator operatiei PlacemiddotParl ca in fgura Pentm editarea proprietatilor unei coclpbnenle-a~plasalepe supafata de lUClU se va scleclaurmatoare Pentru plasarea unei componente Se va specific a numele si biblio1eca necesara din component (click stanga) si SI va apela Edit Propimies (click dreapta)fcreastra de dialog a operatiei Place Part Pentni a specifica simbolu do(it se pot folosi

umlatoarele prefixe de cautare pentru componen1e

R- pentru rezistoare C - pentru condensatoarc

L - pentru bobine V - pentru surse de tensiune

1- pentru surse de curent

GND - pentru masa analogica Q- pentru trantistoare bipolare In acest mod se poate edita circuitul~exemplu de mai jos - D - pentru diode

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- Legaturile dintre componente se vor trasa tU Wire Tool- actionata de butonul corespunzator din toolbar

J 133 Simularell circlliruiul edirat

Dupa editarea circuitului se va selecta optiunea New Simulation Profile a meniului Pspice i

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J Aceasta actiune va detennina creare~ unui profil de analiza care poate fi salva sub numele doril de utilzatori si ai carui p-rametrii pot fi specificati ca in figura ce urmeaza

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Pentru aIte componente se vor folosi codurile specificate de producator Pentru adugarealeUminarea unei biblioteci din lista de cautare se vor folosi butoanee AddlRemu1 Library Cautarea unei componente se va face selectand buton~lPart Search

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Proiectarea asistata a cr~I~telorelectronice Aplicatii

Exemplul de mai sus corespunde unei ailalize III variatia sursei VI in care se va baleia liniar domeniul de tensiune it sursei intre limitele [0 10] cu un pas de un volt Aceasta analiza va deteriniha ca1~u1area tensiunilor in nodurile circuitului si a curentilor in ramuri pentru fiecare valoare a sursei VI generata de aceasta baleiere Pentni lansarea in executie a analizei se va selecta optiunea Run a meQiuluimiddot spice Dupa crearea listei de legaturi si verificarea corectitudinii circuitului simulatorul Pspice va tansa in executie analiza specificata de utilizator

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Proiectareaasistata a circuitelor electron ice

34 Virlialharea rezuliatelor ~iJllularii

Dupa terminarea simularii Pspicc laoseaza automat post-procesorul grafic Probe eu caruia se pot afisa curbele corespunzatoare rczultatelor simularii

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eu ajutorul meniului Trace 5e pot adauga si sterge curbe pc reprezentarea y=f(x) din Probe iar eu ~jutorul meniului Plot sepof adaugasterge grafiee pc reprezeritar~ Din meniu Plot se pot modifica si pararnetrii de afisare a graficelor scala de afisare marimile afisate pe axe etc

115 Structurajisierelor proiectelor DrCAD

In general proiectele orCAD creaJe pentru simulare silsau modelare au unnatoarea bull Resurse de proiectare fisierul schematic biblioteci de componente etc

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Proiectarea asistata a circtiitelor electranfce -M Aplicatii Proiectarea asistata a circtiitelor efectronice Aplicatii I

- I Resurse de iesire fisicrul de legaturi fislerul de erori de editare~

I Resurse de simulaTe fisiere [ncluse fisiere de modele fisiere cu rezlIhate1~ slmularii fisiere de stimuli

2 ANALlZE DE CURENT CONTINUU

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bull Definirea analizelor de CC bull Setarea analizelor de CC pentru cinuite electronice simple bull Oblinerea caracteristicilor de curenl continuu ale circuitelor

22 Suport 1eordie

221 TipIIT ell alluliz(i (Ie CliTe1l1 coniinull ill PSPICE in lInali7a de curcnt coninuu se caJculeazli intotdeauna PSF (punclUl static de fUllCionare pOIclltialul fiecllrui nod ~i curentii prin fiecare dispozitiv) ~i se salveazl in Ii~ierul de ie~ire Programul calculeazl PSf in mod automat iriaintea unei analize de semnaJ mic ~n curen alternativ (AC) pentru a Jiniariza circuitullnjurul PSF ~i a determina modelele de semnal mie pentu dispozitivele neIiniare De asemenea programu calculeazli PSF inaintea middotunei- analize a rcgimului tranziloriu de selnnal mare (TRAN) pentru a detenninn condiliile iniliale dl integrare in silualiile in care SPICE nu reu~e~temiddot sa determine solutia de cc sau utilizatorul dore~te setarea conditiile initiale de integrare calculul PSF este inhibat trec~ndll-se direct 11 simularea rcgimului tranzitoriu Observatii in analiza de cc PSPICE consider toate condensatoarele ca intreruperi ~i toate bobinele ca scurtcircuite Tipul ~i fbnna variabilelor de je~ire depind de tipul analizei de cc ce se e(ectueazlL Implicit toate lfnalizele se efectue27l la temperatura nominalli TNOM=2ic setat prin comanda OPTIONS

122 Punctul static tiefilllcrionare Punctulstatic de functionare al circuitului se determinli in conditiile in care s~nt apJicate numai sursele de alimentare de cc conpensatoarele fiind considerate ilitreruperi iar bobil)ele scurtcircuite Solutia de cc furnizeill dou seturi de rezultate Iistilte in fi~ierul dei~~ire bull SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION valofile potentialelor de cc ale tututqr nodurilor

din circuit curentii care circulll prin fiecare suts de alimentare ~i puterea totilli disipat bull OPERATING POINT INFORMATION (sunt listate numai middotdaca este lp~cificatll 0

comanda OP) date legate de PSF al elemeTtelor neliniare cureniii terlsiunile intre terrninaJe ~i valorile elementelor circuitului echivalent de semnal mic calculate numa

pentru elementele neiiniare existente in circuit Nota La incheierea analizei OP este disponibil echivaientuiliniarizat al circuituJui neliniar introdus de utilizator

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14 Conduzii

LJ Design Resources

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EB~ ~PROGRAM FILESORCAOCAPT a ammIJI imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~fProiecU middotchematic1drc t~ poiecUschematic1net8-CJ PSpice Resources

l-middotCJ InclJde F~ef ~middotmiddotmiddot-D Modellibraries BL~r SirWlation Profiles imiddot t [OO SCHEMATlClmiddotdc

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In cadro acestei apli~~tii s-au d~prins unnatoarele tehnici lentru erutrea circuitelor electronice se vor detalla urmatoarele operatii de baza bull Plasarea pe suprafata de lucre a simbolurilor specifice componentelormiddot cautarea unor

componente in bibliotecile lrogramului si adaugarealeliminarea unor biblioteci bull Editarea proprietatilor componentelor si trasareafirelor de legatura intre componel)te bull Lansarea analizelorsi vizualizarea rezultatelor

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Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice AplicatU

]23 Caracterlsticile de trallSJer in cc in cadrul aceastei analize (DC sweep) in curent conlinuu cu baleierea unor domenii de valori PSF al circuituluf este calculat pc intervalele de variatie specificate in funclie dc

valoarea unei surse independenle de cc de tensiune V alolllea unei syrse independente de cc de curent I valoarea unui parametru global definit cu comanda PARAM valoarea unui parametru de model specificindu-sc

lttip niodelgt ltnume modelgt ltnume parametru modelgt valoarea temperaturi~ TEMP Baleirea se poate realiza in fOmla Iiniarl1 logaritmicll (in decade sau octave) sau sub forma de istll de valori

Variatia celor doua variabile gcnereazA 0 farnilie de calacteristtci de transfer cate() caracleristicli pentru fiecare valoare a variabilei secundare vafvar2 variabila de baleire extem1i fiecare caracteristicll de transfer din fa11lilic eSlc determinata de valorite variabilci primare laf_varvariabila de baleiere inteml

224 IlIi(iali~(lret1 va[orifor potenriaTeor IIodltrior Siniulatoarele de circuite calculeazli solutia circuitelor neliniare ulilitiind un algoritm iterativ Procesul iterativ pomesectte cu 0 estimare initiall a potentialelor nodurilor din circuit PSPICE pome$te eu presupunerea ca toate nodurile din circuit au in momentul ioUal potentiale nule in majoritatea cazurilor utilizatorul nu trcbuie sa fata nici 0 specificalie privind valoarea inihlll1 a potentialelor nodurilor Exist insa ~i exceptii ( in special circuitele care au mai mult de 0

stare 5labilii) cand programul nu poate g1isi solutia dupll un numir limit de ileratii ITL I (vezi capitoul 7) In astfel de situatii se utilizeazA comanda NODESET de initializare ~ valorilor potentialelor nodurilor specificate Comanda opereazA a5lfel PSPICE conecteaza la nodurile indicate surse de lensiune de valorile indicate cu rezistenta intemli 2mO SoIulia finala poate sa difere de valorile specificate cu comanda NODESET Programul folose~te aceste (alori inifiale ca 0 indicatie pan calculeazA primul set de valori ale PSF dup care sursele introduse sllnt indepllrtate ~i se continua cutarea soluliei de cc pAnll se ajunge la solupa fmall $olutia final nu trebuie sil tie identic cu valorile specificate in NODESET Pentru setarea condiliilor initiale de cc pentru analiza regimuluitranzitoriu exist 0 comandll similar Iemiddot Deosebirea esential intre cele dono comenzi const rn aceea eli in IC potentialele nodurilor sunt fortate la valoarea specificatli de utilizator ~i nu se modificli pe parcursul calculului solutiei iiltiale de cc

225 Func(ia de transel de senmtll mlc In coco AceaStli anlllizli este 0 analizA demiddotsemnal mie in cc secti nu trebuie confutldat cu analiza in ca Circuitele analogice lucreazA de multe ori cu semnale de nivel mic in cOmparalie cu tensiunile ~i curentii de polarizare In aeeste conditU pentru determinarea perfcirmantelor circuitelor se utilizeaill modelele incrementale sau de semnal mic ale dispozitivelor Pentru a determina limitrile pc care Ie impune utilizarea analizei de semnal mic trebuie detenninata amplitudinea maxim a semnalului de intrare pentru a nu avea distorsiuni sau pentru ea distorsiunile sli se ineadreze lntre anumie limite tn cazul tranzistorului llipolar analiza de semnal mie este valabil (distorsiunile sunt minime) daca semnalul aplieat la intrare are


amplitudinea VftI1II~laquo Vr(TB admite semriale relativ mid la intrare de ordinul 1mV) indeplinitl conditia de semnal mic bull se poate tiece la deteminarea ~odeleloi de semnal mic dispozitivelor ~i apoi la calculul parametrilor de scmnal mic ai ~ircuitului

226 AllalilJl senZilililiilii de Ccmiddot Aceastll analiza (SENS) faciliteazli apltcierca efectelor pe care Ie au variatiile elementelor circuitului ~i a parametrilor de model asupra unor variabile de ie~ire seleClltllW deci asupra funclionllrii circuitului Astfel se pot detemlina acelc el~mente de circuit a variaie afecteazl eel mai mult PSF permitiind concentrarea erorturilor in direqia senzitiviUtii in raport cu acele elemente Programul Iisteaza pimtru fiecare element sau parametru dou~ valori de

semitivi(al~a absolilfd ( o~ lopJ ) exp~rmali Tn V s~u A raportatli la variatia eu 0 unitate

valorii elementului ~i senzmlil~tea relativli (o~ lop j) (p j 11 00) expri~atll in V sau

raportata la varjatia cu 1 a valorH elementului Aceste valari refleCla senzitivit~ potentialelor ~i curenlilor in ce faflt de perturbarea valorilor elemcnte10I de circuit In analiza senzitivitllii variabilele de ie~ire pot fi tensiune sau curent (dadl variabila de este curent nu poate fi decat curentuJ prilltr-o sursli de tensiune)

23 Aplicatii practice

231 Caracreristicile de cc afe trtlll1istoarefor JFET

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Se propune pentru acest circuit ridicarea caracteristiciLor de curent continuu Pentru aceasta specifica () analiza de tip DCSweep care Sa baleieze sursa de tenSiune dili grila deterrni variatie a curentt4ui de drena Acest tip de aiuiliza se va specifica din meniu] Psoice Simulafion Profi[e~

Parametrii necesari pentru aceasta analiza corespund baleierii sursei Vgs intre -1 OV si lOY un increment de 01V pentru a determina valorile curentului de drena pentru acest domeniu tensiuni ca in figura urrnatoare

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Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Aplicatii Proiectarea asistata a circuitelorelectronice Aplicatii

i Pen1m a obtine 0 Camilie de caracteristici in ftmctie si de variatia Vds trebuie activata 0 baleiere secundara ca in flgura urmaloare

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liu

_ 59 1 PI

Proiectarea asistata a cirtuitelor electronice Aplicatii

Pentru a obtine 0 familie de curbc de depelldenla cu temperatura in mod analog om dezactiva baleire seeundara a sursei Vds si 0 vom inJoc1i cu 0 baJeiere de temperatura ea maijos

Se or obtine unnatoarele caracteristici

lQnA

SIIII

OA -loY -SV OV SV lOV 0 ID(Jl)

V_VGS

C ~

~

Pentru a obtine 0 anal~ a sen~ibilitatii a punctuJui static de functionare si a castigului in conditii de semnal mic se pot detennina aceste allalize din fereastra de setare II analizei prin specificarea analizei Bias Point Aceasta analiza nu detennina rezultate grafice Date1e obtinute in unna simularii vor fi inscrise in fisierul de iesire

Prolectarea asistata a circuitelor electron ice

Pcnlru a vizuaJizadateJe acestei amtlizc se va desehide fisierul de iesire

-

bullbullbullbull SMAIlmiddotSIGNAl CHARACTERISTICS

V(OUT)N_vasmiddot J879Eo7 INPUTRESISfANCEATV VGS= l003E+o7 OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT-V(OUT = IOOOE-02

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot0602100113248 PSpicc 91 (Mar 1999) IDII 0 bullbull circuit file fOT profile cc

bullbullbullbull DCSENSTrvtTY ANALYSISmiddot TEMPERATUREc 27000 DEGC DC SENSITIVITIES Of OUTPUT V(OUT)

ELEMENT ELEMENT ELEMENT NORMALIZED NAME VALUE SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY

R_Rl R_Rl V_VGS V_VDS

(VOLTSlUN11) (VOLTSIPERCENT) I000E+07 1794E-13 1794E-08 I000E-D2 -58841-03 -5884 E-07

LOOOE+Qt -18791-07 -819EoS 1000E+) I 1000E+OO 1000E-ot

17 16

]-I

] j

][

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Apllcatil JOB CONCLUDED TOTALJOBTIME 11

24 Concluzif

In urma acestd aplicatii s-au insusit urmatoarele telmici bull Definirea analizelor deCC bull Setarea analizeor de CCpentru circuite electronice simple bull Obtinerea caraeteristicilor de curent continuu ale circuitelor bull Obtinerea din fisierul de iesire a datelor de polarizare sia sensibilitatiloT de semnal mie

3 RASPUNSUL IN FRECVENTA A CIRCUITELOR - ANALIZE DE CURENT ALTERNATIV

311 32 Obiective )

bull Definirea analizelor de C bull Selarea anaJizelor de ACpentru circuite e1ectronice simple bull Obinerea digrameloT Bode bull Analiza zgomotului in circuite electronice

33 Suport teoretic

331 Tipuri de analiza de curent alternativ In cadrul acestui tip de analire simulatorul calculeau raspunsul in freevenlii al c1rcultelor liniare ~i al circuitelor echivalente de semnal mit corespunzlltoare circuitelor n~linlaro Iiniarizate in jurul PSF Pentru ci~uitele neliniare care sunt Iiniarizate in jurul PSF It presupune c 1a intrare se aplicii semnale ce indepUnese condilia de semnal mie adicll semnale a cllror amplitudine este mli mic~ d~cilt tensiunea tennica VrkTlq pentru eireuite co tranzistoare bipoare

Yn curent altemativ exist urmitoarele doul tipuri de analize de semnal mil Camanda SPICEAnaliza AC [LlNHDEC] [OCT ltnr plinctegt ltfreq

frecvelltii Raspunsul to

startgt ltfreq slopgt Analiza zgmotului NOISE ltvar ie~lregt ltnume surs VII de

intraregt [interval] Parametrif specifieap in paranteze drepte sunt oppomih

Observalie Programul SPICE calculeazl intotdeauna punctuJ static de funcionare nsintea unci analize de ca pentru a liniariza elementeJe de circuit neliniare

18

proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronlce Aplieatii

312 RlispllnslIl Tn freelenli in cadrul acestej- analize programul caJeuleazli potentialele nodurilor cicuilului pentru un inlervI de freeven(A specificat Penlru ea aceast analiza sl1 fie activ este necesar ea pentru cinuitul analizat sa existe eel pUlin 0 surs independent de iensiune sau curent eu 0 valonre de Cll ~pecificat AC prin ltamplitudine_aegt ~i ltfaza_acgt ltFata_3egt este util~ (valoarea implicitll fiindnull1) pcntru inditarea surselor illultiple de in~ eu defazaje relative diferite In aeen caz admitantele din circuit sunt mlirimi complexe dependente de frecvenllde form~

y=G-tjroC+ IljroL und pu Isatia ro=21tf in domeniul frecventli potentialele nodurilor ~i eurenlii prin laturile eircuitului sunt ~i ele m~rimi complexe (fazori) de forma

v =Vi + jV1 lvlmiddot eXPUfraquo)

IVI=~VR2+V12

ltp arctan(VINR ) und ~ V rcprezintli modulul (amplitudinep) ~i ltp - faza (argumentul) mllrimii complexe Pe parcursul analizei rllspuns in freevenl sunt baleiate peste domeniul de freeventl spc-cificat toate sursele independente eu specificatii de ca Rezultlltele analizei AC pot fi reprezentate sub fann graficii de inaIta rezolutie utilizand faciHlarile postprocesorului grafic PROBE De asemenea rezultatele pot fi vizualizate sub fomlli tabelara sau sub fQrma unui grafic alfanumeric in fi~ierul de ie~ire utilizand comenzi speciale (de tipul PRINT sau PLOT)

Variabilele de ie~ire pentru analiza AC pot fi tensiuni sau curenti ~ combinatii ale acestora ce pot contine unul dintre urmlitoarele simboJuri pentru a reprezenta anumite mlrimi ale numlrului complex Fra simbol modulul numArului complex M modulul numlirului complex tensiune sau curent DB modulul numlirului complex exprimat in dB P faza (argumentul numlil1llui complex G intarzierea degrup a numlruJui complex R partes real a num~lui complex 1 partea imaginara a numlirului complex Modul de baleiere eel mai utilizat este cellogaritmic in decade (DEC) deoarece rlslunsui in freevemll sC deteonin de obieei cu ajutoruldiagrameIor Bode Utilizand variabilele de ie~ire ~i faeiJiati1e postprocesorului grafic PROBE se pot obtine

urmlitoarele tipuri de rspunsuri in frecven bull Diagramele Bode reprezentate prin

- caracteristiea modul-fiecventii DB(V(out)N(Vin))=VDB(out)-VDB(Vin)= 201ogloV(out)N(Vin)

19

bull EM P=-i $2 gt C4 21 hP ~

Proiedarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Aplicatii

- caracteristica fazll-frecventa VP(out)-VP(Vin) pentru ovariatie logaritmica a frecveniei in decade (DEC) sau octave (OCT)

bull Impedanfa de intrare Zi=VVin)ll(Vin- se calculea7A considerllnd ie~irea in gol bull Impedanta de ie$ire ZouFV(out)II(Iout) - se caICulea71l modificand circuitul astfd se

introduce la il)trare 0 Slirsli de tensiune cu amplitudinea de cil nu la iar la ie~ire se introduce 0 sursll de cutent Ioutlmpedantele se detcrmina utilizliod operatiile cu numere complexe

bull Intirzierea de gnlp pentru semnalele pulsatorii din transinisiile de date reptezinta timpul de intarziere pentru grupuri de pulsuri intarzierea de grup este delerminatl utilizand diferentele de fazll ~i de freeven limpul de intarliere al circuitului pentru fiecare

dfazafrecvenA este dat de - -dfr eq

bull Utilizand facilitatile postprocesorului grafic PROBE ~i criteriul Nyquist de stabilitate se poale analiza stabilitatea relativ a sistemelor aSlfel reprezentand diagrama Nyquist ~i punand in evidentli marginea de fazll in planul diagramcle Bode

333 Alluita de rgomot Ampliludinea semnalelor ce pot fi prelucrate de circuitele analog ice este limitata inferior de zgomotul genera de componentele electronice Caracterizarea zgomotulu[ unui circuit electronic se face adllugand la fiecare componentll care genereazll zgomot un generator de tensiune sau de curent de zgomot Fig in SPICE ~Iementele de circuit care genereazl zgomol sunt rczistoarele dispolilivele semicOllductoare ( diode tranzistoare bipolare tranzistoare eu efect de camp JFET MOSFET MESFET) ~i comutatoarele controlate in tensiune sau curent Rezistoarele ~i comutatoarele controlate in V sau I (care sunt rezistente controlatein V sau I) genereazA zgomot termic in rezistoare zgomotul termic eSte determinat de mi~carea termicl1 aleatoare a electronilor nefiind afectat de prezenta sau absenta unui curent continuu deoarece viteza pe care 0 are un electron care SI mi~ca iotr-un conductor sub influenta campului electric este mull mai micA decat v[teza sa termicli Dispozitivele semiconductoare genereazll pe langll zgomotul telbull urmatoarele tipuri de zgomot zgomotde alice (shot noise) zgomot de Hcarire ( flickcin ) sau lIf ~i zgomot de explozie (burst noise) lISOciate cu trecerea unul curem continu bull Fenomenele de zgomot au originea comunli in caraeterul discret al conductiei curentu electric in dispolitivele semiconductoare prin purtlitQrii de sarcin (electroni Diversele tipuri de zgomot se comportli diferit in func~e de frecvenl zgomote care acopera 1nifonn tot spectrul de frecvenle ~a numitele zgolTIotul termic zgol11otul 4e ~~ice) ii zgomote care sunt mai intense spectrului de frecvente (ea zgomotul de licrire sau If) Generatoarele de cur~t de zgomot sau de tensiune de zgomot corespu

elemcllede circuit sunt caracterizate prin valoar~ medie utilizeazll valoarea medie pitratita din cauza caracteriil~i bazeazll transportul sarcinii Generatoarele de zgomot asoeiate sunt necorelate intre ele Programul calculeazll separat contri

20

Lmiddot _

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Aplicatii

fiecarui generator de zgomoL Efectul global la ie~ire dat de toate sursele de zgoinot din circuit este determinat prin insumarea valOlilor medii ~tratice date de fiecare generator

-shy lt-2 _ 2 Va - LJ VI

i-I

~i formeazll zgomotul totallaie~ire Modelele de zgomot lIe dispozilivelo~ seiniconductoare sunt compl1cate de aceea ideeltJ general a sflsllzei zgomotului a po~itde lazgomotul termic generat de rezistori Valoarcli medie pMraticli a cu~entului de z~omot pentru un rezislor de valoare R este

i~ =4kTfLY unde k este constanta lui Bol~znlann Teste temperatura absolutll in grade Kelvin R valoarea tezistenei ~ 6f banda de frecvenli in Care se masoara zgomotul (de obicei considerfl unitiull ad~ de 1 Hz)

Sursele de zgomot s~nt caracterizate pdn denstatea spectralli de putere i 2 16f

~2 16 (mllsurat in YHz sau A2Hz) unde Af ~prezintli banda de frecven tli in care se

mllsuralea este independentll de frecventa I in dispozitivele semiconductoare sursa principal~ de zgomot este asociata cu trecerea curent continuu ~i se I)ume~tezgomot de alice Oblcrvu(ii Analizu zgomouui NOISE cere obligaloriu 0 anqlizii AC Anaiza zgomotlllui Sf face pc cilcuitu eellivaent linializal al cilcuitlllui neliniar dnnrPclJ

valorile medii piitratice ale sllrseal de zgomat Sufl mle in camparaie ell fensiunea Vr=kTq

Pein analiza NOISE programul calculeazA zgomotul total la nodul de 1~lre specificat de utilizator prif ltvariabila ie~iregt ~j zgomotul ecbivalent la intrare~ (INOIS specificatll prin ltnume sursli V sau I de intraregt Zgomotul echivalent hi intrare se obtine implirtirea zgomotului de la ie~ire la modulul fimctiei de transfer a circuHului reprezintli 0 masur a efectului tutmor surselor de igomot din circuit concentrate singuril sursli de igomot de illtrare Suplhnentar daca se speciflca parametrul [intervalf In analiza zgomotuiui prorllm~ genereazllln f~ierul de ie~ire un rapol1ssupra contri~~tiei tiecarei surse de zgomot I~ frecventll specifica prin [interval] t~ cadrul acesttii fapOltse IisteazAvaloarea fieclirei surse de zgomot Ja frecventele deterininate de [interval ltiin totaluf produse peste domeniul de frecven pentru cares-a realizat analiza AC La star~itul rapolt sunt date valoarea medie plltraticli ~i valoarea eficace a zgomotului total la yaloarea functitide transfer la frecventa corespun7Jtoare a raportului ~i valoarea efica~e zgomotului echivalent la intrare ReZultatele analizei NOISE pot fi reprezentatd grafic postprocesorul gratic PROBe sau in fi~ierul de ie~ire sub fonnll tabelarlsau sub forma grafic alfanumeric Zgomotele pot fj reprezentate la scar Iiniaril (utilizand simbolul M) sau scarlliogaritm icll (utilizand simbolul DB)

21

1 1

]t - j AplicatiiProlectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice I Prolectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Ap~atll


II) Sa se detennine rlspllnsul ill frecvenla ~i zgomotul totalla ie~ire pentru amplilicatorll EC de maijos

1

-0

In raquo

1n

Pcntru detenninarea rlispunsului in frecventa se va deOn 0 analizJ de AC in care sursa df intrare V2 va genera un semna1 alternativ de ImV eu frecventa variind logaritmic pedecaOe

-j 23

AnaUzele de cljrent altemativ calculeaza variabilele de ie~jre decurent altemativ ca funclii de frecventa Programul ealculeaz intdi PSF al circuitului in curenl continuu ~i Iiniarizeai8 cireuitul determinand modelele de semnal mie pentru toale dispozilivele neliniare din circuit Principalele operatii pe care Ie race aeeasta analizJ sunl

bull Lin iarizeazl elementete neliniare in juruI PSF bull Daca sursa de intrare arevaloarea IV atunei rllspunsulla ie~ire expriinat in decibel va

fi ehiar ca~tiglll circuituiui

Analizele AC disponibile utilizatorului sun AC NOISE Condiia neeesara de ruJare a acestei analize este amplasarea unci surse de intrare de lip VAt sau AC

334 ReZlIltatele analizei bull1 C

Rezultatele analizei de AC sunt tensiuni eurenti exprimate in functie de freeventa Rezullatul eel mai des folosi al aeestei imalize este oblinerea reprezenlilrilor Bode

bull Caracteristiea di~tig-frecye~a~ Alf(Ol) care se pilate exprima in PROBE ea dB(V(oUl)-V(iil))

Carllct~ristiea faza frecv~nla(j)=f(Ol) exprima1a in probe ea P(V(out)-V(ili)) bull intarzierea de grup dphasedfreev

Pentnl specificarea aeestei analize trtbuie determinate freeventa de start a analizei rreeenta de stop ~i num~rul de puncte de calcut Astfel pentru obtinerea diagramelor Bode cste neccsara specificarea unei variatii logaritmice a sursei AC (de tip deeadic) un domeniu de variatie ~iun num~ de puncte fie decada

35 Re[ullatele analizei NOISE

~c~asa analiza calculeazl zgomOtuf t~tal echivalenl intr-uuJcuit AC zgomot generat de e~mponente pasive (zgo~ot termic) sau componente active (de liclirire de alice etc) Pentru calcularea zgomotului total generat la ie~ire programul calculeazi suma valorilqr medII pi1ralice ale tuturor generatoareJor de zgomot din circuit Pentru calcularea zgomotului ecnivalent la intrare programulimparte zgomotul total de ie~ire a1 cireuitulul la cAtigul illtrareie~ire Astfel zgomotul echivalent la intrare va fi aeea mrime care aplieata unui circuit ideal ~rli zgomot ell dI~tig egaliu al circuitului studiat va genera la ie~ire acela~i zgomot

Parametrii necesari analizei de zgomot suntmlrimea de ie~ire surs~ de intrarc AC ~i intervalul de frecvente analizat

22

R1 C1

R2

50k

Wv Ill---+i------tTV2 50 SOu

lm R4

8k

l

C2

bull

P iZampiiiElIIIEII

JIll r AP1ilProiectarea asistata a circuitelor eiectroJice Proiectarea asistata acircuitelor electronlce Apllcatli ~o

de la lHz la I00l1Hz Se vor defini penlru aeeasta analiza un numlir de punete de caicul de tmiddot

IOpuncteidecada

Se amplaseaz pe circuit un markemiddotde tensiune eu magnitudinea exprimatll in dB (din meniul Pspice)

-40

200

Diagrama obtinuta va fi

20--~~shy I ~

30~ 1 I 1 l

01

-so

-EOI 1()2 l~ lmiz 10IW lIlIHr llXliltHI 1CItir llHlZ lJX)fiID IJl(Ql)

~

Se reprezin~ in PROBE ~i curba corespunlAtoare =~tigului DB(V(OUI)IV(ill))

24

80-middot shy ~-~ ~ ~-shy 10 1_ lilOlltl ~ 000tz Itgtgtu l~z l(JItltz

G WIIlOUT) bull OII(V(out)V(inraquo frtquenlty

Se obs~rva ea diferenta de nivel dintre c~le doua curbe este de aproxiniativ 60dB difermiddot corespunzltQare nivelului tensiunii de intrare 2010g Y(ollt)-20Jogv(in 20l0gV(out-20log(f O-j=dB(V(ouc-60dB ea urman pentru foJasirea directa a marker-ului VDB va trebui sa avemmiddoto sursa de in AC ell amplitudinea de IV pentru a obtine djrect diagrama Bode a circuitului Se amplas apoimrktr-lIl de faza a tensiunii Diagrarna Bode faza-frecventa va fi

-10r-----~~~~--------~------~~--~~~~--~-~~--~------ I

110

10

lOC

lOOttl1 10middot1 lO~tIt 1011 lOUt lODIK-ltr la_Hz lOMH1middot 1Iit (01)

~rIIItnc

b) Detenninarea zgomotului totalla iesectire Pentru zgomotul total la ie~ire se va defini lnaliza ea in figura de maijos ~l se va selecta c NTOT(ONOISE)

25

r

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electron Ice I l ApHeatii

1shyI~

Of

~ )

r 1Of

01 ~ 10112 10MI 100HZ 1OJUil lOlfollshy lOO~HZII Jrfl 01 (ONOUE) bull

ffeqg~ft(r

Zgomolul totalla ie~ire

c) Detenn inarea comportArii in frecventa a circuitului Beordal din figura umllitoare

j XFR1Umiddot1I1R

R1 R2

20mA C2

1u

-0--0

Cit in exerciiul precedent se va defini 0 analiza de AC in care se va varia sursa de intrarc IAC-n intre l0l-z ~i lOOMHz Se vor trasa caracteristicile Cli~tig-frecvenla ~j faza-frecenta

d) Se vor modifi~a suc~esiv Cl ~j C2 pentru valorile ltIe mai jos

Cl=C2=lnF CI=C2=lOnF Cl=C2=100nF Cl=C2=lOuF

26

R3

5k

Prolectarea aslstata a drcuitelor electron fee Aplicatii

Se vor nota deosebirile pecaxilCterfs(icir~ reprezentate la ~un~tul e)

1) Se vor moilifica succesiv L I ~i L2pentru valorile de mllijos

Ll=L2=lmH U=L2=lmH LI=L2=lmH U=L2=lmH

35 Concluzii

Rezultatele analizei de AC sunt tensiuni curenti exprimate in functie de frecventa Rezultatul ccl ll1ai des folosit al accstei analize este obtinerea reprezentArilor Bode

bull Caracteristica ca~tig-frecventa IAI=f(m) care se poate exprima ll PROBE ea dB(V(olt)shyV(inraquo

bull Caracteristiea faza frecventa cp=fOl) exprimata n probe ca PVout)-Vill)) bull lltarzierea de grup dphasedfrecv

Penlru specificareaacestei analize trebuie determinate frecventaoe start a analizei frecventa de stop ~i numarul de puncte de calcu Astfel pentru ob~inerea diagrarnelor Bode este necesara specifiearea unei variatii logaritmice a sursei AC (de tip decadic) un domeniu de varialie $i un numr de puncte pe decada

4 RASPUNSUL IN TIMP AL CIRCUITELOR ELECTRONICE

41 Obiectivele lucrlirii

bull Definirea analizelor in domeniul timp

e Setafe ualizelor tranzitorii pentru circuite electronice simple bull Obtinerea digramelor de function~e in timp bull Analiza spec1nIUi semnalelor

41 Suport teoretilt

Acest tip de analizli constli 1n calculrif rnspimsului in tlmp al unui circuit Spre deosebire de analiza AC undese utiliza ecbivaientUl iiniarizat al circuitului iar semnalele de excitatie de la intrare se considerau sinusoidale de micii amplitudine specifictlndu-se dost amplitudinea de ca ~i faza de Ca a semnalului in cazul anal(~i in timp circuitul este neliniar iar scmnalele de excitale de la intrare pot 8vea oricare dintre variapile in timp recunoscute de SPiCE sinusoidall1 pulsatorie IiniarvariabiUI prillpuncte sinus modulat in frecvenlli exponentialli

27

Proiectarea asistata a c1rcuitelor electronice Apli~tii

in acest mod de simulare se line cont de toate nelinlaritAtile circuitului in cazul analizei in limp se calculeazl pe HingA valorite tensiunilor si a cur~ntilor prin elementele de circuit neliniare invariabile in timp ~i variatia sarcinilor q asociate condensatoarelor ~i a fluxurilor ltP asociate bobinelor in conformitate eu relatiile

dq dvC

l =-=C-shyC dt dt

di V =dcD=L~

L dt dt Pentru a determina performantele in domeniul timp ale unui circuit existli umlAtoarele douA anali7e

Parametrii

Analiza Coma1da SPICE Rlspunsul in timp TRAN[OP] lttstepgt lttstopgt [tstart] [tmaxJ [SKIPBP)

f-Analiza Fourier FOUR ltfrecventa rundamentalagt ltnr armonicigt ltvariabila de ie~iregt L-__

specifieali in parantezele drepte sunt optionall

in analiza regirnului trallzitoriu se pot folosi conditiile initiale de integrare determinate de soluia de cc la momentul t=0 sau conditiile ini~iale specificate de utilizator

421 Rlispunsul in limp

Acest tip de analiza este eel mai

susceptibil de a genera probleme datorit compromisului ce trebuie tacul intre precizia simulw-ii $i durata acesteia Este posibil ca cerind 0 precizie a simularii foarte mare pentru circuitele in Care variatia tensiunllor $i curentilor este foarte mare s~ aparn probleme de convergentl unnate de abandonarea simullrji Aeeste probleme pot sA aparll ineli din prima etap la calculul PSF sau pe parcursul analizei in timp

Analiza regimului tranzitoriu permite ~eterminarea functionlrii in timp a circuitelor atunci clind variabila timp TIME este incrementatl pomind de la valoarea initial zero pAnl la valoarea finaill ltstopgt

Opthmea [lOP] determinll savarea valorilor PSF sub form de tabel in fi~ierul de ie~ire fn mod normal aceste valori sunt egale cu valorile PSF calculate pentru toate celelalte analize Daca se specific iusa in cadrel analizei regimuilli tranzitoriu $i conditiile initiale atunci PSF pentru aceastli analiza va fi diferit de PSF pentru celelalte analize eu toate cll analim este efectuatt pe intervalul de timp de la 0 la lttstopgt rezultatele pot fi reprezentate pc un interval de ti~p dat de utilizator de la lttstartgt la ltstopgt Dac ltstartgt nl se specifieli se considera eli are valoaiea O lttstepgt reprezintA pasul de timp utilizat pentru tipllrirea sau trasarea grafieli a rezultatclor cerute prin comenzile PRINT sau PLOT in fi~ierul de ie~ire Mlirimea aeestui parametru

2amp

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice - c

detemlina cantitatea de date salvate in fi~ie~ul de ie~ire deci infiujenleaw marimea

bull ~

~

v

fi~ierul deie~ire

SPICE folose~te pentru re701varea nurnerica a ecuaii1or circuitului un pas de integrare (pas lt- timp intem diferit de lttstepraquo a cllrui valoare este modificatl automat de ditre program pen obinerea preciziei dorite Implicit pasul de integrare este limitat superior de ceil Ilai m~ dintre alOlile laquotstopgtlttstarP)l50 ~i 2lttstepgt in majoritatea cazurilor algoritrnul SPICE d seleetie automata a pasului de integrare asigurt precizia suficientl exista insa ~i situaii care pentru a obtine 0 precizie mal buna uiilizatorul dqre~te sa limiteze valoaiea maxim pasului de integrare Acest lucru se poate realiza specifidind valoarea maximli a pasului ~ integrare prin parametrul ltmaxgt Pentru a asigura convergenta $i ptecizia soluiiei se interveni asupra optiunilorde simulare specifice ( din OPTIONS ITL4 lTL5 REL ABSTOL VNTOL)

422 Setorea conditiilor initiale ptlltru riispulISul ill fillip

II) multe ca7uri este de dorit ca analiza regimului tlanzitoriu sf incepli conSid~rndCJ tensiunile in anumite noduri ~isau curenii prill anumite dispozitive au anumite valon 111112 Acest lucru este necesar din urmlUoarele motive bull Pot fi depl~ite problemele de convergen~ ce pot s~ apart chiar la calculul PSF pe -

analiza regimului trailzitoriu Prin setarea valorilor tensiunilor in uncle noduri la va-Japropi~te de qe~e ale PSF programul este ajutat s nimereasca PSF tmbuniWitind astt1 preclzl3 solutfc _I J Se poate reducetimpul de simulate prin s~tarea unor valori apropiate de cele de ref - permanent

Setarea conditiilor initiale de integrare se poate realiza in urmAtoar~le douli moduri 1 Setarea valorii tensiunii intre armaturile condensatorului $isau a valorii curentului

bobina folosind declaratia de element Ie (Initial Condition) pentru condensatoare ~ bobine

2 Setarea directa a potenlialelor nodurilor prin comanda Ie Prin aceasti coma programul conecteazll surse de te~siune cll 0 rezitenil iItem de 2~n 1a nod specificate ~i de valorile specificate in comlIDdli pupil calculul PSF aceste su~s tensiune sunt indepiirtate ~i incepe analiza regi~ului tranzitoriu Aceasti comandl efect doar asupra analizei regimlllui tranzitoriu pJin iiltenneoiul)cestei cOplenzi momentul ilitial se fixeaza potentialele nodurilor specificate la alorHe specificate bull deosebire de initializarea valorilor cu comanda NODESET valori care sunt utilizale ca 0 prima estimare mnd apoi modificate de clltre program pentrU aconverge solutia final vaiorile initializate Cll cOIIIlmda IC se regllsesc nemodificat in sol tranzitorie initial

Observalii bull In catui UI care valaTile intliae sunl specificate alat in deciaraJia de elemen( Ie cdt

camanda IC au prioJitate valarile din declaralia de element bull Camanda NODESfTpoatefl Billi pentu estiflarea PSF in foale analizele

29

--

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronfce ApllcatU

bull Dacti tnlr~ln circuit sunt prezen~ ambele comemi de inilializare NODESET fi Ie alunci ullima are priorilale pentru analiza regimului Ilatlzitoriuf

I 4fr~-Anqpza spe~trala1 a datorsilmior DescompuJerea Fourier

I Jentru anali~ completa a unui circuit e~te importan~ de detennj~al cauzele distorsiuniJor semnalului uti Tipurile de distorsiuni frecvente sunt distorsiunile armonice distorsiunile de falll distorsiunile de interrnoduJatie etc Distorsiunea semnalului este de regulA rezultamptul

I neliniaritllii fn ca~lig ~j se nume~te distorsiune annonid san neliniarillitii in defazaj numitl distorsiune de fam Simulatorul SPICE calcuJeaz distorsiunile annonice provenite din cli~tigul neliniar al circuituJui utilizlind 0 tehnici de analiza spectralil Un semnal periodic poate fi descompus intr-un Ilumllr de componente sinusoidale a cllror frecven~ este un mulliplu al frecventei fundamentale Aceste componente suntnumlte componente spectrale sau componente armonice Fouri~r Prin urrnare un semnnl pcriodir

I peate fi rcprezentat printr-o serie Fourier ft

vet) = tao + l)akcoskm +bk sinkmt)

I hmiddot1

unde a0l2 reprezintll componenta de CC iar coeficientii a~i bkdetemlinA amplitudinea A a componentei spec~Je de ordin ki Puls3ie kro Seria Fourier)e ma poate scrie Iaslrel

I v(t)=taO+LAkcOs(k(ot-~k)

bd unde ainpliiudineaAk~i fau 4gtk sunt date de relatiile

At =~a+bI b

ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I

Observa(ie Analiza spectrall1 FOUR se efectueazli pe baza semnalelor obiinute rn unnl analizei in domeniul limp deci cere 0 analiz TRAN Analiu Fourier (comanda FOUR) determinl1 realizarea unei descompuneri armonice prin calcularea coeficientilor Fourier ai componentelor sinuseidale ale oriclrei tenslunl lau I

orlcarui ciJrent Prin aceasti analiza sunt calculate amplitudinea ~i faza atitTh valorl absolute

I cat ~iinvalori relative Ia fundamentall1 ale urmAtoarelor componente componenta continuA colnponenta fundamental ~i un nurnr de armonici specificat de utilizator Toate aceste reiullate sunt salvate ~i listate 1n ~ierulde ie~ire AtiJlici dind se face descompulerea annonicl1 este utiliati pentru descompunere doar 0 parte a semnalului secti anume ultiina perioad de limp a forrnei de und tAnd se consldert cA

I semnalul s-a stabilizat Perioada de timp folosill este JIltfrecvenll fundamentalagt specificat pentrU analiza FOUR La final utilizind componente]e spectrale calculate anterior programul calculeazl djslOrsiunea arrnonic~ total~ TH9 (Total ~Iarrnonic pislorsion) datA de

Ij 30

f[ ~l Apllcatil proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronlce 11t

fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100

AI Observatie Pentru a obine rezultatc corecte ~i precise este foarte importantl alegerea alentli a frecventei fund2mentale pe care urrneazi1 si se facl1 descompunerea ~i alegerea Ullui numllr suficient de perioade a5tft1 Tncat semnalul analizat sli ajungt in regim stationar Analiza tranzitorie ~i in domeniul timp a circuiteIor electronice in Spice se face prin calculllre~ initial a punctului de function~re ~i Ilpoi a evolutici tensiunilor ~i curentilor Tn JUllctie de

limp

414 Rezultatele analizei tranzitorii

ReZliltatele analizei tranzitorii sunt curbele de variatie a tensiuniJor ~i curentilor in domeniul limp Aplicarea transformatei Fourier rapide asupra acestor curbe permite evaluarea spectruli

senmalelor analizate


Orice circuit electronic in momenml pomirii va traversa 0 perieadatranzitorie pe msurii ce componentele sale intra Tn regim pennanent (stabil) de func~ionare Pentru exemplificare se pot considera circuitele de mai jos

31 CirclIitul RL serie

o Rl 2

100

( VI

l bullbull ~ Ll OSH~1 -==00

Pentru modelarea acestui circuit se va folosi circultullinnator

31

rTT ~~ S

I

0511

lJ

J

AplicatiiProieCtarea asistata a circuitelor -electronice Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronhe Aplicatii ~ Din calcularea curentului maxim prill bobin~ in regim penminentobtinem villoareaYR rR1

Timpul in care circuitu) i~i stabilizeazA functionarea va fi proportional cu constanta de limp a iVpwl bull

cireuitului 100

FUR IV Constanta de timp a cireuitului reprezintli timpul in care curenlul a~inge 632 din valoarea

V1 05 maxima Se poate spune astrel cl dupa 5 reurentu prin bobiilli va atinge valoarea rilaxima Ll1 l~~~-------------~------------~

~ 0 o TOus Iol)o

[Pentro simularea regimu)ui trall2itoriu de pomire se va modela sursa DC $i comutatoru IUI cu o sursa VPWLdcscrisade graficul de mai sus Pentru descrierea acestei surse s-a folosit ~l__________~__________~__~ excmplul de mai jos aV(~~~2~)____________~__~__________~

ace Macro 9ccessolies Qptionl ~lidaW ~ I~II ~ fi1fi1~1~1 U

~IT111 splelI Delele PlOpell)Il

I ~

lCtM---

IthS

lime

Unnatorul pas esle defmirea analizeitranzitorii din meniu(Pspice dupa ce H cre un nou 432 Circuit RL serie cu condiril initiaTe profit de simUlate

Sa presupunem apai un circuit RL serie care insli are deja un eurent initial ca in circuitul d~ ~~ shy

o R1

s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

WI 0 0 I

3332

---

if Aplieatii Prolectara ~stata a circuitelor electronlce ~

] ] ]

]

f

Proiecta~ea asistataa- orcuitelof electron ice Aplicatll

Dupa cum se poate observa~ curentul initial prin circuit este i(o) VI(RJ+R2) =O5A

Pentru modelarea acestui circuit se va folosi urmatorul circuit

R1

5

OSmH Vt

0o

Dllpa cum se poate vedea Tn figurile de mai sus curen1ul initial prin bobinll a fost modelst prin selarea unei valori corespunzAtoare IC=O5A ceea ce a determinat ~i pomirea sursei de la 2S V inilial Dllpadetinirea analizei corespu~zlItoare se pot vizualiza principaleh forme de undA

~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA

-lIrS Os Sms lOns o 1(Rl)

Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie

Lin alt )ilplu poate fi reprezentat de circuitele RC serie ea cele din figun de maijos

R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35

Proiectarea asistata a circultelor erectronlce Aplicatii Vpwl

ace MaClo

IV I~II ~I~~I ~Iltprilll

~ Delete Ploperl)I F~III b) IltAllgt 1_l~ __ I ___ i

o lOlls IOms

Constanta de timp a aeestor circllite este -r=RmiddotC Pentru simularea regimului tranzitoriu de pomire se va modela sursa DC i comutatorul U I eu o sUlsa VPWL descrisa de graficul ~e mai sus

414 Circllite RLC serie

aceste circuite exista trei regimuri de funcionare delimitale de valoarea erilica a nzistenlei

Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2

r 10mH 10mHVI 12V_ VI

1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii

Rezultatele analizei tranzitorii sunt curbele de variatie a tensiunilor $i curenJilor fn domeniul timp Aplicarea transformatei Fourier rap~de ampsupra a~estor curbe pennit~ evaiuarel( spectrului semnaielor analizate Pentru obtinerea transformatei rapide a semnalelor reprezentate se va activa butonul FFT din apJicatia Pspice

36

Proiectarea aslstata atircuitelor electronice Aplicatii

5 DETERMINAREA COMPORTARII CIRCUITELORLA

VARIATIA PARAMETRILOR SI ANALIZE DE OPTIMIZARE

51 Obicctivc Scopullucrarii este stuiliul analiielor parametrice si de optimizare peutru circuitcle analogke Pentru acest scop se va simula functionarea unuioscilator cu retea Wien realizat cu AO

52 Suport tcordie

Analiza parametrica pennite dete~1i~area raspunsului circuitului l~ diferite analiz~ speiificaie de utilizator~ arunei cand variaza temperatura un parametru de model parametru global SHU 0

sursa independenta de curent sau tellsiune Variatia poate fi liniara logaritmica sau in lista de valori Pspice poate executa analizele dorite pentru orice temperatura Trebuie specificata temperatura nominala (i7oC implicit) la care s-au facut masuratorile asupraelementelor de circuit care variaza eu temperatura

521 Analitt parIJl1Ietrice Aceste analize prrnit determinarea efectelor variatiilor diferitilor parametri asupra analizelor standard (DC AC TRAN) in SPICE ~e pot reaUza urrnlUoarele douli tipuri de analite eu variatia parametrilor

Analiza STEP [LIN] ltnume variabil3gt ltval stall ltval stopgt ltpasgt parametrica STEP [DEC] [OCT] ltnume vargt ltvat startgt ltva1 stopgt ltnrpunctegt

STEP ltnume variabiHigt LIST ltlist de valorigt undeltnume variabilligt poate fi

sursa independentll de V sau I pararnetru global PARAM parametru de model dat poo

lttip modelgt ltnume modelgt ltnume param~tru modelgt temperatura TEMP

Analiza de TEMP ltlista de temperaturigt temperaturli

512 Analize stalistice

Determina re-executarea unei alalize standard (DCAC TRAN) atunci cand parametrii de model ce au specificate toleran~e (DEV sau~i LOt) sunt variati cu a toleran~ specificata Modul in care se schimbl valorih~ parametrllor de model cu tolerant depinde de tipul analizei statistice ce se face bull Analiza Monte-Carlo (Me)-- varimaleator toti parametrii de model cu toleranlli la

fiecare poundc-executie

37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]

Rroiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice

Worst-caseSensitivity (WeASE) -variaU numai 0 valoare de parametru de model eu tolerantlila fiecare exeeutie detenninand sensibilitatea variabilei de iCiire Ill ficcare parametru Csectnd loate sensibilitlitile sunt detenninate exeeutia finalA suplimcntarl cste facutli eu variatia tuturor parametrilor eu loleranta astrel iDcat sli prooucA forma de undA (variabila de ie~jre) pentru cazul eel mai defavorabil

Monte-Carlo Me ltnrexecgt ltanalizagt ltvar iesgt ltfunttiegt

-= [optiuni ltnr puncte alealoaregt

Worst-casel WCASE ltanalizagt ltvadesgt ltfunctiegt Sensitivity [optiuni]

unde ltfunctiegt (functia ce se poate apliea variabilei de ie~ire ~i a clirui rezultat este salvat in ~fi~ierul de ie~ire) poate fi

bull YMAX -diferenta maxima fllta deexeeutia nominalli bull MAX-valoareamaximll bull MIN - valoarea minima bull RISE_EDGE (ltvalraquo prhna trecere in sens crescator peste ltvalgt bull FALL_EDGElaquovalraquo - prima Irecere in sens descresclitof sub ltvalgt

53 Aplicatii practice I

a) Se va sirnula funetionarea oscilatorului ell retea Wien descris in figura de mai jos

+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~

PfOiedarea asistata ~ circuitelo electron iCe Aplicatii

p~ C($ ci=uite~h~iiillde ~morsate aoscilatilor ~Sle - _R=2_+_R--s = 2

R In ~tll5 ~1 absolut Iecesar ea pentru p()rnirea oseilatiilor sa fortarn tensiunea initiala pc cooS-cueraquo-de din reteaua Wien saia valoarea 0 (IC==O) freentl de osdlatie din acest circuit va fi

f= 1 2n~R4 middotRmiddotC4 middotC)

tr 111 mcare R-R ii Ci-C4 atunci -tbull 1

=--shy2nmiddotRmiddotC

~ ediUCl chemei drcuitulul sc va detennina 0 ailllliza ill timp a tensiunii de iesire

~lUld lnllin trlnzitorle ca in figura unnatollre

Se ohserv3 ea pentru a putea obtinc 0 fonnade unda catmai aprepiata d~ eea -r~ala s~a r-dficat pasul analizei tranzit~riiQy 20ns in pJus pentnl a putea deteiinina net ftccVenta~lnalului generat preeum si compooentele sale arrnonice s-a specific at in ouiput file

0 riors si aetivarea anal~ei Fourier

39

middot15

C416n R4

Proiedarea aslstata a circuitelor electronice Aplicatll

Pelltru analiza Fourier s-au specificat urmatorii parametrii bull Intervalul de tiparire a rezultatelor Sms bull Frecventa centrala in jurul careia se face analiza 1kHz bull Numarul annonicelor i 0 bull Variabila de iesire asupra cirei~ se executa anali1a V(out) 111 urma executiei analizei in post-procesorul grafie Probe se va putea vizualiza tensiunea de iesire

S~OrtV I I t j I I til bull J i I I t i J iii Iii $ I I

-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60

aV(OUT) bull bull ~n

In flSlerul de iesire ( PsipeegtView Output File) se vor putea observa rezultatele analizei Fourier ell ~rpponentele sp~trale ale semnalului de iesire

FOURJER COMPONENTSOF TRANSIENT RESPONSE V(OUT) DCCOMPONENT- 6S94112E()4 HARMONIC FJtEQUENCY FOURIER NQRMALIZED PHASE NORMALIZED

NO (HZ) COMPONENT COMPONENT (DEG) PHASE (DEG) 1 loooE+03 l263B-U3 loooE+OO 6141E+Olmiddot 0000pound+00 2 2oooE+03 2231E-04 6838E-02 S930B+ltI1 middot2103E+00 3 3oo0E+03 l309E-04 4012E-02 5460E+01 6804E+OO

40

~ Apii~atiiProiectarea asistata a circuitelor-electronice

4 4()()OF+Ul 120Eo4 J4r4Foz 4099E+Ol 2041 E+Ol S 5oo0E+03 LOliOE-04 3lIOE02 43SIE+O 1760E+OI 6 (lOOOE+03 8259E-OS 2531 Emiddot02 44651+01 bull1676E+OI 7 7000F+03 9080EmiddotOS 2783E(JI l218E+ltI -4922E+O S 8000E+03middot 5420E(J5 166IEmiddot02 4328E+01 1811E+OI 9 9000E+03 5382amp-05 1650ioimiddot 1273E+of ~86SE+Ol

10 IOOOE+()4 5411EoS 16SBE-Of 4839E+01 middot1302E+Ol TOTAl HARMONIC DISTORTION 039198E+01 PERCENT

JOB C0NCLUDED bull TOTAuoa TIME 96

Freecnta sernnalului de iesire depinde exclusiv de ~orriponentele retelei Wien Ca urmare s va determiria 0 analiza parametrica pe Ilceste cQmponente penlru a piiteamiddot obsetva variali frecventei de iesire la vadatia valorii tomponc~telor In aeest scopbull valoti~e rez~stentelor di reteaua Wien se vor inlocui eu parametrii (variabile) ell in figura de maijOsmiddot

U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0

Pentni adec1ara aceste variabile r caparametrii vom amplasa pe schema un bloc parametrii de optimizare din meniul Pspice--gt Place Optimizer Parameters bull In ferea parametrilor d~ optiInizare se va cOIppleta eamaijos

Proiectarea Clsistata a clrcuitelOreJectroniceAPlfcatll

Pentru a detennina 0 aJaliz~ it timp asemnalului de iesire vom seecta analiza tranzitorie Z YOm specificasi analiza parametrica pentru a observa variatia perioadei semnalului pcntru

diferite valori ale parametrului r

Parametric Sweep este baleierea suplirnentara pe care 0 impunernraquoe dorneniul variabilei (rJ Aceasta variabila dermita ea parametru global va varia in lista de valori Sk 10k si ISk Pentru aceasta analiza vorn pure~ obtine rezultattle grafice d~ mai jos

bV

r--L---IIJ-~J-~-J~__--hLLI I I I 1

-5mV+--L~~~L-~middot-L-~I--~I~~~~~~~~__~~~~-i__~~~~-i~~~~~- -- --T -shy~~~~4_~ ~_~_~~__~~~_~

-H-t-shy i-t---l --1-- -I--H--shy-~~--~ ~--~~- -~1-~4- -~_~_~_-lOv~~~~~__~L-~~-L-+~~~~

Os l611S 200s bullbullbull V(OUT) Joos

111)

42

40~ iOMI 601

prolectan5a asistata a circuitelor electroriice Aplicatii

In fisienl ~ icsire se pot ~b~efva middotrezliliatele ana1irei Fourier pentru fiecarc valoare a parametroIu rl

bullbullbullbull FOU_s NALYSIS TEMPERATUREa 27QOODEGC bullbullbullbull Cli~TSTE1 PARAM R 50000F+03 --__II

FOURIER lMO~ENTS OF TRANSIENT RESIOIISE (OUT) DC CO~t~~T 196730610-03 HRlO-C REQUENCY FOURIER NORMALIZED PHASE NORMALIZED

NO (OIPONENT COMIONENT (DEG) lllASE(DEG) 1 LCE-3 1802E(l4 1000E+OO 3505E~01 OOooE+OOmiddot bullt(t--I3 tA5IEmiddot03 805IE+00 middotmiddotI517poundt02 middot1927pound+02 3 It4+1E-C13 2l52F()4 1941+00 -657E+02 -2007~~02 ~ ~ c-) 1277E-04 7084E-01 -365Etltl2 middot1716E+02 ~E-~3 S()OE()S 4793E()1 -1439E+02 -789pound+02 6 iImiddoti-~2 6311 EmiddotOS 3507EmiddotOl -U92E+02 -1942E+02 - - ~E oS66E()S 3643EmiddotOl -141ltgtpound+02 -1767E+02 ~ S 0 S~68E()S 30S9E)I middot1253E+02 middot16031middot02 -- ol56pound(l5 3415Emiddot01 -U91pound+02 middot1941 Ei-02 ((-Jl 6S92EmiddotOS 38241-01 -1403t+02 middot17i3H02 1)T2 middotxMOSIC DISTORTION 822156IE+OHERCENT

F~ERANALYS1S TEMPERATURFa 27000 DEGC bullbull f~T STEP PARAM R Q 10OOOOE-Hll - _--

Fe- =-= middotLPO~ENTS OFTRANSIENT RESPONSF (oun OCC~sTh-r=6s94213E(J4 - ~ E~middotmiddotk- fREQUENCY FOURIER NORMALIZED PHASE NORMALIZED

V] i-iZl COMfONENT COMPONENT (DEG) PBASE (DEO) X(-i) 3263E-03 I000E+OO 6141f+01 OoooE+oo -03 2231 E-04 6838E)2 5930E+OI -2103E+OO E Q)03 1309E-04 4012E()2 5460Etltl1 -b~804E+00

I middotbull-)3 t120E-04 3434E-02 4099E+01 -2042E+OI _X~3 1080pound(l4 3310E()1 438 E+OI -1760pound+01 ltr tXE-)3 8259E()S 253IEmiddot02 4465E-HlImiddot -1676EmiddotH)1

- O~E-+03 9080E(l5 2783pound-02 1218pound+01 -4922E+01 E--()3 5420EoSmiddot i66IE()2 4328F-t01 1813Etltl

Xc+03 S383E-O 16S0E(l21273E+OI -4868E+0l gtXEii4 S4I1E()S 1658Emiddot02 4839pound+01 -1301 E+OI

-gtA H-RMOIC P)STORTlON- 1039193E+OI PERCENT

ei a nai sus se peate detennina 0 ~nal~ parametrica pentru valorile capacitatilor diu =~ middotWien Pantru aceasta se va modifica schema ca in figura unnatollre

43 1 bullbullbullbull

Proiectare~ asjstata a circuitelor electronice Apllcatll

U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

_10k

- 0

In mod analog se va modifica si setarea parametrilor de optimizare precum si analiza parametrica

Rezultatele acestei analize sunt cele din figura lirmatoare

44

-

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronlce

lr-

50nfI I I I I I I I I I I I II I

bull 1 I ImiddotIfl

I ~i~~I I TshyI r I ~-r shy lWit-1

I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I

I I I I I I_L~ bull 1_~_L~_L~~A_L~_L _LI~_L l bullbull l t 1 I I bullbull I f If I r I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 I-r-~---r-rmiddot-T~rmiddotr -T-r-~ -r-r-r t I t l t I I I I I I I I I I I laquo

-sOnfI I I I 1 1 I I 1 I I I I I I I I Os lcns Vms 31m o1A1ts Sfus

bull bullbull v(arr) Time

54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns

Analiza pararnetrica pennite delenninarca raspunsului circuitului la diferite rnalize specittcat de utilizator atunci cand variaza 1emperatura un parametru de model parametru global sau sursa independenta de curent sau tensiune Variatia poale fi liniara logaritmica sau in lista valori Pspice poate executa analizele dorile pentru orice temperatura Trebui~ specIfica temperatura nominala (27degC implicit) la care s-au facut rnasuratorile asupra elementelor d circuit care variaza ell temperatura

] ]

]

J45

~~

I Os 2_0us 40us 60us YO a ()Q A U(C1 2)

I Time

63 Aplicatie prllctha

I VI =0 631 Crearea ulteijuncliiobiectiv (goal)V2 1

1 Pentru a erea 0 functie obiectiv care sa mllsoare timpul de slabilizare (settle time) se va

TR QOIU TO O1u

I Cl selecta optiunea GoalFullclioll di~ meniul race al programului Probe TF 1u

CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0

I l~ 115Vdc bull -15Vdc + PARAMETERS

cload 10p 1 ~T - 0

Pentru acest circuit timpul de stabilizare pentru 0 configuratie eu castig unitar va fi 0 functie de capaeitat(a sarcinii Ca wmare vom detennina 0 variaue parametrica a acestei capacitati in domeniulIOOpF700pF eu un pas de 7pF pelltru a genera slficiente date pentru analiza de Aceasta funelie va efectua 0 baleiere retroactiva a datelor analizei pentru a ga~i valoriJe de I~rfonnanta Pcntru 3 valori distinete ale acestei capacitati se pot obtine grafieele urrnatoare limp pentru care valorile tensiunii la iesire intersecteaza dreapta de 101V (pentru aeest caz)

o astfel de funetic poate arata asa ~ 46

ProiectClfea- aslStcita a circultelorelectronice t bull l Apllcatil piolectarea asistata Ii d~itelor electronice Apllcatii

6 ANALIZE DE PERFORMANTA 2 bull OU __ ~ ___ __ ~ _ _ _ _ _ L __ __ ~ __ _ ~ __ 1___ __l

l t bullbullbull

~I I I I bullbullbull61 Obie~tive -----~----- -----r----- -----~----

It I t I bull

I Tiinpul d~ s~~bi1izare al amPlificatoare1or este un parametru-cbiie in analiza performantelor uriui sistem Metodologia standard de simulare si testare a acestui parametru masoara timpul 10U necesar amplifieatoiului de a stabiliza tensiunea la iesirea lui ca raspuDs la 0 variatic treapta a tensiunii de intrare Aceastamiddot lucrare isi pfopune realizarea unci astfd de metodologii de testare

I 62 Suport teoret~c OU ----- __ _-shy__ l __ ___ __ _ middotbull bull

In timpul analizei modelarii si simularii circuitelor ell amplificatoare sunt varilti multi

I I bull Iparametrii pentru obtinerea unei imbunatatiri a timpului de stabilizare Analiza performantei bull I-----r----shy

___ oo4 ___ __ e __ _prin defmirea uneUunctii obiectiv (goal) poate usura aceasta activilale Pentru a exempliflca bull bull I

o Istfel de procedura se ill in consideraTe schema de mai los -1 au I

I bull

bull_~~

bull bull

--1---~--~--- --1---~~-1-~~bull bullbull bull I bull___ ~ __ ~ _____ ~ __ k __ ~ __ _

bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I

bull I I I I t bullbull t I I-----i----- -----r----shybull I bullmiddot

I __ - - -_-11_-shy --1------1--shy__ lbull___ bull- __ lbull__ _ I bull bull

- - - - -- - - i - - shymiddot bull

I

I bull bull-----r----- -----r----shyI bull bull bullbull bull I-- -_ -- -- shy ---------~-I I

Proiectarea a~istata a circultelor electronice Apllcatll

-xl

11 bull tealch beckwilld IEndleve~101 Jl

632 Analiza de perormaa

Utilizand functia obiectiv creata Capacilatea de icsi~e ca mai

examina acum dcpendenta timpului de stabilizare de Perf0l7110nCe AnalvsLr din meniul Trace)

Se va selectaoptiunea Wizard si se va alege functia obiectiv definitaanterior settle

48

(Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice -ApliCiltii--

UrmatolUi pas va fi alegerea numelui curbei in care trebuie sa actioneze functia obiectiv

I

I t

1

I f

- Rezultatul acestei analize se poate observa mai jos

49

-shyII

-

Proiectareaasistata a circuiteror electronice

l

50u L bullbull _ bullbull _ _ t -j-i- ~ ~~~~1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ -~ -- -1 __ bullbull l ____ ~____ L __ _

bull I bull I bull I

bull I bullbull ---~----~--middot--r--T-

2Su I j

-_ - - -- shy _ r~ shymiddot -bull bull bull bullbull t I

-~~--~--bull bull bull bull bull I

-r-middot------~-middot-middotbull I bull

bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy

bull I bull I bull bull

----~-~---~~-~---I

I o uOp 80Cp o settle(U(U10UTraquo

cload

Aplicatll

Curba din figura de mai sus prezinta 0 serie de discontinuitati Pentru a determina care clle cauza aeestor discontinuitati trcbuie sa vizuaIizam oscilatiile care intersecteaza nivelul definit de funetia obiectiv

64 Concluzli

Aceasta aplicatie constituie un exemplu de modelare si simulare utilizand analircle de performanta In cursu aplicatiei s-au defmit functii obiectiv si au fost executate anallre parametrice de optimizare a circuitului dat

Intlmpul analizei modelarii si simularii circuitelor cu amplificaloare sunt variBti multi parametrii pentru obtinerea unti imbunatatiri D timpului de stabiIizare Analiza perfomllnrei prill definirea unei functii obiectiv egoa1) poate usura aceasa activitate

Aplicatii Proiectareaasistatamiddota drcuitelor electronlce

b

SIMULAREA DIGITALA 7

71 Obiective

Scopullucrlrii este introduce rea noiunilor de simulare digitala in Pspke Principalete tehniti ce vor fi descrise Sl~t

bull editarea stimulil~r digitali si includerea librlrlilor eu stimuli digitali bull sim~ larea tU porti logice

72 Suport 1eorctic

711 Editarea stimlllilor digitali

Pel1tru editareastimulilor digitali se va folosi editorul de stimuli StartiProgramslOrCAD91IPsp[ce Stimulus Editor In acest modul de programe se va crea un nou figtier de stimuli (FileNew) Prin aeeasta comanda secreeaz 0 librarie noua de stimuli In aceast8 Iibrlirie se pot defini unul sau mai multi stimuli eare se pot apela din OrCAD

Se va denrni stimulul nou creat (slim I de exemplu) si se va specifiea tipul de semnal ce va coiespunde acestui stimul Stimul digital de tip ceas intern Dupa aceste setari va aprea 0 fereastra de configurare a stimului

cpmpleta ca maijos

vor genera un digital de tip ceas cu frecventa de 1KHz faclor de umplere 50 si pomire din

~ valoarea 1 51

50

Prt~lectarea asistata a circuitelor efeCtICinice ~ Apllcatii

Creearea unui nou slimul in librarie se face eu comanda StimlllusINelll Apelarea aeestei comenzi genereazao fereastra de dialog ca in figura precedenta

Stimulul general va fi eel din figura urmatoare

sUII F I bullbull t-t--ti-bull t I bull I I I bull

I 1 I t I I H middotmiddot middot Se va genera un stimul de iip Sigllal unnand procedura de m~ijos

Dupa (omplylarea ferestrei de dialog alaturate va fi generat un stimul egal en zero eontinuu middot I

I

f----+shyI I II middot middot middot bull bull

I middot I I

I middot middot middot middot middot I

I I middot

I I I

middot middot Imiddot I middot I

stin1 stiA2

In aces stimul trebuie sa adaugam ltanzitii din 0 in I la momentele dorite de limp Pentru aceasla se foloseste urmatorul instrument

Cu ajutorul aceStiJia se poate defini un stimul neperiodic descriindu-) prin tranzitii 0 1 si 10 ca mai jos

I 1

721 ]cluderea librariior de stimuli digitali

Dupa definirea tuturor stimuliloI doriti se va salva libraria (FileSalle ~) in direclorui CStudent Se va deschide un nou proiect de simulare OreAD si se va edita schema de mai urmatoare

52

ApneaProlectarea aslstata a drcullelor electronics

I- l)1A

b~ C H laquo I bull ~~-shy

DSTM2 ~z en -laquo slim2

Penlru plasarea slimulilor dstm se vor apela din

D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-

AplicatiiProledarea aslstata a circuitelor electroniceProlec+a rea-asistata a ciicultelor eleCtronlce Apll~ttt k bull stva edita 0 noua librarie de stimuli cuprinzaud stimulii de mai jos

73

Pentru a corela stimulul editat pe schema eu ee~ editat in editorul de sdmuli se va completa din pagina de proprietati propnetatea Implementation

Se va seta apoi analiza si libraria de stimuli editati

Aplicatii practice

731 Simularea cuportilogice Portile logice din schema desenata mai sus sunt cille TI1 din librlria 7400olb Rezultatele simularii sunt cele de mal jos

mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy

Se va efectua analizele de mai sus si se va analiza comportare cicuitetor Se vor nola timpii de intarziere introdusi de circuitele logice

54

-stift1 stiR3 stin~ stiRS

bull J

r4-J----- bull I bull

~~

t

Stimlstim3 s~t stimuli de tip clock eu frecventcle tOOOHz 2000Hz si 3000Hz SIim5 eSlc un stimul editat prin tranzitii

Se a edita s~hema de maijos

UIA

OSTMI 2 b en laquooul1

v

DSTM2 xl bull C n laquoout2

Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v

SI a detcll11ina 0 analiza tranzitorie si se vor vizualiza fonnele de un~a

55

Prolectarea aslstata a clrcuitelor electronlce AplicatU

snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3

UItAY I bull bull I 1 bull

Se va analia functionarea circuitului si se vor nota timpii de intarziere

bull Din pagina de proprietati a fiecarei portj TIL se va modifica parametrul MNTYMXDLY ea maijos

Se va leface simularea si se vor nota

bull Sc mouifica parametrul de mai sus la valoarea 2 si se repeta simulare bull Se vor nola intarlierile pentru (azurile de mai sus in urrnatorul tabel

IMNTYMXD( dl~y J 712 Modelarea bus-urllor digitale de mare lmiddotiteza

p~ masura ce piata de electronica cere sisteme de caleul de viteza lot mai mare proiectantii in dOllleniul digital sunt nevoid sa (reasca frecventa de tact a circuitelor pentru a obline pelfonnantele cerute Dar cresterea frecventelor de ceas determina sc~a timpilQr de mentinee a nivelului si a timpilor de stabilizare precum si timpi de crestere si descresten scazuli [n aces~ context lucrarea de fata isi propune sa analizeze modelul bus-urilor digitale pentm a evalua comportarea trall7itorie a semnalelor in cazul frecventelor marl de propagare

Un bus digital se compune dintr-un grup de circuit driler 5i un grup de intrari conect11c la cilcuitele Driver prin conductoare In mod generic numai un singur circuit driver este 1Ilivat la un moment dat Figura urmatoare prezinta un exemplu de astfel de bus

56

Proiectarea asstata a circuitelor electron ice

G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2

7rrF-I P3 7rr=l P4~ l PS -=-l P6 --==J P7

nrr--~J 00 --ri----I 01 -[Dnr---t 021raquo0 --rr-~~ 03

~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2

m=Mj PO it~ P1 =--1 P2 ~ P3 -~l P4igt=Q -1 P5 P6 i=rJ P7

Mi=---I 00 7-ni=i---t 01 r=i----i-l 02lgtO -r=pound---~ 03)-rnr=r-- 04rni----J as -Mi=----~ 06 ---~ 07

U2

i rtntru modclarea unui astfel de bus se propunemodelulliniei de tTallsmisieln Psplce de tlansmisie sunl modelate sub forma unor diporti pentro care timpul de propagare de port la aUul estc diferit de zero

~Q Modelul intern al acestor linii de transmisie este prezentat in figura demai jos

11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __

Proiectarea asistata a chcuite(or electronice Proiectarea asistata a clrcuitelor eiectronlce Aplicatii Apllcatll

I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-

lOV~-----------------------~~--------~--------~---------~--Parametrii care caracterizeaza Hniile de transmisie sunt bull I I bull I 1 f I J I I I I JZO - irnpedanta caractenstlca shy

-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-

I t I t bullbull I fTO - intarzierea la tninsmisie bull 1 l bull I tF - frecventa pentru NL - -- - - - - - - - T - -- - - T - - - f shy---r-r shy- TIlfesre

bull 1 INL - lungimea de unda relativa t) t 1 I t - i -r-----r-1-~-- -1-~-

1 I I I I I 1

I __ L_J----L-J-J-- _1_~__ L_1Astfel pentru modelarea bw-urilor digitale avemnevoie de unnatoarele infonnatii I bull f J t JI I Ibull Rezistenta de iesire a circuituliti driver - data de catalog - de exemplu 24 Olunl

5Vt-~~~_H~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~ I I _bull Timpul de crestere a circuituIui driver - este in fuJct1e de puterea driver-ulut si de bull t I I t I I j

_~__ ~-~----~--4___ _4__ ~_capacitatea lui - se va utilizain acest caz valoarea de O259ns un limp de crestere

I bull l I I r bull 1 t I~~ bull I t I I I I0

~~--r-----r---- ----1shybull Impedanta de intIare a circuitului driver considerata infillita penlru dispozilive I l I J I I

J_ ~ __ 1 I bull bullbull I I 1 t I 1__CMOS - capacitatile de intrare si cele paiazite se neglijeaza - -- -r 0 - ~ - - - - - 1 - -- - f shy-~--~-r-

t I t t bullI I _ J __L_L_ __ L_l ____ ___ l_J __ L __~ L_J_~bull lmpedanta caracteristica atraseului care uneste doua dispozitive 70 Ohmi pentru un

I - -~- ~-- I I I I I I Icablaj 4 straturi eu traseee de 5 mil pina Ia 58 de Ohmi pentru trasee de 8 mil I I I I

bull Timpulde tranzit al semnalului pentru tiaseul respectiv Cilfe se calculelZl in flIlclie OV I I I 1 I h ~s 4M ~s ~s ~Mde lungimea traseului pentru () viteza de propagare a semnalului egala cu virna o v(R22) V(TlII+)

luminiiimpariita Ia radacina patrata a coeficientului dielectric al cablajului Time

I

Se poate observa ca pentru acest caz (fara lerminalor) unda incidenta de 5V Iamata de sursa Pentru a evalua acest model se a edita unnatoarea schema electric a cSle limitata imediat la 372 V de catre divizorul rezistiv format de rezistenta de iesire a

R2 R1 acircuilului driver (24 ohn~i) si impedanta de intrar~ a liniei de transmisie (70 ohmi) Aceasta

I lensillne esle menlinuta la intrare pami cand unda incidenta strabate linia de transmisie 5i cstc24 0001 refJetlata de drcuilul~deschis de la capat Prin reflex ie unda se intoarce si se adauga Ia undaC1 mentinuta de sursa Prin adaugarea unci rezistetlte serie (Rl = 46 ohmi) sepoate obscrva

lIFV4 efecrul asupIa semnalului 60v---- shy 1

I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy

I -~--~-~--I--+-~--~- bull I l I I I bull

0~ -tI~p+t-l-oI_J-+-I-LI-h-I--ttl--I--J-L-~-lRt 20MfO -

COV~

I I

0 of

-IIn acest caz s-a considerat un bus digital aflat in gol fara lenninatie Linia de transmlslc Tl

Jescris prin puntte ca maijos

Pelltru a obsena comportarea bqs-ului digital s-a delerminat 0

vizual izat tensiunile la intrarea 5i la iesirea din bus

Jsre ZO70oluni si TD=O7ns Sursa de excitatie este reprezentata de un stimul do tenllune 1

I 20v

_

I I I I II 1bull I I I ---r---~-T- -rshy----7---shy- i - -1- - - - - ~ r - t shyt bull 1 ~I I _~ ~_~__ ____ 9_4__ shy

--t--f-l- shyJ lit I

- ----~- --r-1--rmiddot 1 l Janaliza tranzitorie 5i SmiddotDU Ov+--L-L__L-+--L-J__~+--L-J----~4--L~L-~~~----~~-4

Os 2ns Cns 6ns 8ns 10ns o V(R22) V(TlS+)

Time

58 59

I bull I I I J _~o_ro o~--ro

- I 1

II I I I I bullI 1 ---r-1--~-T--~-r---- -r---shymiddot~middotT- --r-- shy I I~I

I t __ I i ___ __ T__~ r_~middot T_~I I bullI 1 1 bull -r --1-shy-rOT----r-~--r-

I 1 I I J bullI II 1 bull 1 1 _d __ L_J ____ l_J__ L _ _~_l L_~ ~_ __ __ L_ __ I I I I t II 1I I 1 I 1 II

bullbull I I __I- _ _ - shy

-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I

Proiectarea asistata a circuit~ror electronice Aplicatii

Curentul prin driver-u de bus este foarte importantdeoarece varialiile rllpide ale acestui curent pot determina 0 oseilatie a potentililului m~ei digitate Variatiile acestui potential apar cand UIl curent de inaita frecventa trebuie desearcat rapid a masa printr-o hiduetanta finita cum ar fi Ull lemlina sau un traseu

Variatiile acestui potential sunt mult mai frecvente pe fronturile eazatoare ale semnalelor cand circuitul digital trebuie sa desC8rce rapid la masa eurentul din liuia de transmisie Pe frontlirile crescatoare ale semnalului SUrsa de tensiWle este susceptibila la zgomote Potentialul masei digitale pol1~e fluctua mult tpai freevent decat potentialul de alimentare a circuitelor digitale In plus aeeste variatii sunt mult mai periculoase deoarece acest potential este folosit de circuite pentIU discriminarea valorii tru~false a semnalelor

Astfel in urma acestor fluctuatii un semnal Higb poate fi intetprelat ca Low daca potentialul de mllsa v~riaza aceas~a mild una din cele rnai importante cauze ale pierderii semnale10r de tact in sistemele digitale

Figura urmatoare prezinta variatia curentilor in cireuitul driver pentru exemplul studiot 4~~----~~~~~~-r~----~r-~~~---~~--

1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull

bull J ~ bull 1 __~_L __ ~__ ~_L I tit I

1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1

4 iii 1J1011 iI -- I- 1 I I 1 It 1 I I t I I _1 __ _-r-1shy i----- --- ------r-i-------

t I I 1 t ) I I bull I _- 1_111 _____ 1_1 _I __ t__ 1_ 1_1_ _~ _-- -- shy

1 ill t I t I bull bull 1 1 I t

-r-ishy Imiddot 1 t I I I f - -1- -r - r - - - -- - r - T -1-- -- - r- - --shybull bull I I If bullbull I 1

-4QAA ~ 11 1

_L_t ____ f_L_J ___I__ L __ - __ __ 1 __ 1_ 1__ 1__ bull I 1 l middot middot bullbull

1 t I I 1 t I I I I I bull 1 I 1 J J I middot middot

--~-~-- -~--~-~- -1-~--~---1-~----~---middot middot I middot i I

I I

I I I tit I 1 tit I I fl I I I I--l-------r- shy --r-r-r- ---~-r- ----~-bull t l 1 I I r J I

-8QnA1 I Os 2ns 4ns 611 8ns Ions o -I(R2)

Ti~

Apliearea trallsf0tnatei Fourier tapide asupra acestui semnal deterrnina urmatoarea cnrba

Proiectarea asistata a circuitetoretectronice Aplicatii

2~ I 1 lit I I --~ - -- shy -- shy - -- - shy - shy - - shy ~- - ~ -- ~ shy - - - ~ shy -7 -- ~ ~ -__ ~ __ ~ __ ~ ____ ~__ ~__ ~ __ --~--1--1-- --+--+---shy

t bull 1 t I i I I bull I~___ ___________ ----_ --i------ --I----rshyL __~ __~ ____ ~__ ~ __ J ____ J __ J __ J __ ~~J __ l--l-~ I I I r I ii t

lSIfA bull C I I 1 1 shy 1 tmiddot I r--r--r-~-~--~---- -------- --middot-f--T-shyL __ L_~_____ ~__ ~_~~~_ ~~J~~J __ J~ _ __ l __ Li- t I I I bullbullbullbull Imiddot I I

~--~~-~---~~--~--~-- -~~--~--~-- ~---~----bull I I I i t I I I ___________1__ __ __ ----1--1-- -T--r--r-shy

IDM I I I __ ~ __~ ___ ~--~--~-- _~~ __ ~ __ bull ____ A_A __ A-shy

I I bull I I Imiddot 1 I _____ __ ~----~--_--- __ __ __ __ --~--r--r--

I r I 1 1 ~ bull It

---~~[JJJ JJ lIr SmA t I I I 1 I I

t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--

bull I--i----- --I--f--f-shy~~~L-~pL~~~~~~~~~~~

Otz 2 0Gtz 4OQIz 60Gtz 8OGlz o ~I(R2)

Frequency

7~ Concluzii

In Olceasia aplicatie S-3 propus introducerea notiunilor de simulare digitala Principalele tchnici deseri$e sunt

editarea stimulilor digitali si includerea librliriilor eil stimuli digitalimiddot bull simularea ell POtti logice bull modelarea intarzierilor in circuitele digitale bull mpdelarea si sirnularea ell bus-uri de mare viteza modelate analogic

6160

Proledare~l aslstata a clrcuitelor electronice Aplicatiif

Proiectineaasistafaa citciritelol e1ectronrce Apllcatll

8 MODELAREA COMPORTARII ANiLOGICE

81 Obiective

Aplicatia de fata are ea scop familiarizarea ell uiilizarea surselor comandate de curent 1 tensiune si eu dispozitivele ABM In analiza si modelarea functionarii circuilelor electronle s-au folosit pana acum modele proprii dispozitivelor si circuitelor electroniec In Icopul extinderii descrierii functionarii eireuitelor se poate folosi si modelarea comportaril cu IjUIONI surselor comandate sau cudispozitive ABM

82 Suport teorctic

Sursele comandate de baza ale programului Pspice slInt

E Sursa de tensiune eomandata in tensiune Acest model corespunde unui generator de tensiune comandat in tensiune penttu care castigll TIlPOrtul tensiune de iesireftcnsiunc de intrare se poate stabili prin plnmelNl GAIN

F SUrsa de eurent comandata in curent Aces model corespunde unul generator de eUfFnt comandal in curent pentru care castigul raportul curent de iesirelcurent de intrare se poate stabili prin parametrul GAIN

G Sursa de curent comandata in tensiune Acest model corespllnde IIlIul generator de curcentnt comanclat in tensiune pentru care casdgul rlportul curen de iesireltensiWle de intrare se poate stabili prin paramelrUl GAIN

H Sursa de tensiune comandata in curent Acest model corespunde unlll generator de tensiune comandat in tensiune pentru care castigul rapor1ul tensiune de iesirel curent de intrare sc poate stabili prin parametrul OAIN

Functionarea unui astfel de dispozitiv se poate evidentia eu urmatoruIcircuit

El R2

0

-0

Rezultatele simularii DC dupa V2=OJOv sunt urmatoarele

62

2CN( bull bull I I _ amp _ -A __1__

-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___

_ __I _I__ I I I bull

15v i iL - - - __ - -- -_- shyL L_J __ l __L _~ J __ __ bull 1 bull IleNt i i - shy r - ~ - - shy -

csJ - -~ ---shy bull I i

t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t

- -- - r - - - -1- shy r - - -1- shy t shy - - - -1- t- shy_~_~__ ~_ -4-~--~shy

_ J _ _ bull L _ _J _ _ _ I I bull I I t I J I)----r- ---r-r shy

_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -

-~-~--~shy -~--~-~shy_ __1__ _ _ -l shy _t__ - shy_amp -t __ I-_

ot I I I lCNCN N 4V middotfN w

0 V(Il21) v_v2

Acest retultat eSte valabil pentill 0 sursa E eu castig (GAIN) egal eu 2 In mod analog se poate descrie functionarca celorlalte surse Ca un exemplu de aplicatie eu aceste dispozitive putem considera cazul in care intr-un circuit electronic unuldin blocurile constitutive (ste un amplificator de curent Pentru simularea si modelarea intregului circuit 18 ninl de schema bloc putem inlocui modelarea amplificatorului cu clemente discrete cu 0

suna de curent comandata in curent careia ii stabilim castigul (amplificalea) corespunzatoare

821 Dispoirilele ABM

Ace~tea sunt list module care simuleaza comportarea analogica a unui dispozitiv sau circuit electronic (Analog Behavioral Modelling) Esenta acestui tip de modelare consta in abstractizare prin fonnule matematice a functionarii analogice a unui dispozitiv sau circuit Adica pnsuplInand un element de circuit de tip rezistenta putem spilne ca functia de dependenta a (urentului prin rezistenta fat de tensiunea la borne estc 0 funetie liruara

=UJIR Ca urmare putem inlocui rezistenta respectlva cu orice dispozitiv care are aceeasi functie curent-tellsiune De exeplu se poate inlocui rezistenta cu Wl generatoi de curent comandat in tcnsiune care are factorul de castig (GAIN) egal cu llR

In tabelul de mai jOll s-au sintetizat principalele componente ABM folosite de programul Pspice

Componente de baza CONST Constanta (VALUE) SUM Sumator MULT MultiplicatoT GAIN Blocmiddot de castig

(GAIN) DIFF

63

ProieCllrea asistata a clrcuitelorelectronlce Aplicatilmiddot Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor elecfronice

Limitatoare LIMIT GLllflT SOF11IMlT

Iiltre Chebyshev LOPASS HIPASS BANDlASS BANDREJmiddot

Integratone INTEG DIFFER

Lcgaturi la tabele TABLE FTABLE

Functii Laplace LAPLACE

Expresii si tunctii ell ARM

iesire in tensiune ABMl ABMl ABM3

Ex]1resii si functii eu ABMl1 iesire in curent ABM21l

ABM31l

Blocuri ABM pentrn functii matematice ASS

SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64

Limitator Limitator ell caslig LimitatoT ell langenta hiperbolica Filtru ~ece-jos Filtru trece-sus Filtru trecemiddotbanda Filtru oprcste-banda

Integra tor Derialor diferential

Bloe de functii Laplace Bloc de functii ell

iesirc in tensiunemiddot Cu 0 intrarc Cu doua intrari Cu trei inlran Cu 0 inlrare

Cu doua intrari Cu trei inlrari

Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl

83 ApUeatll practice

831 Filtrele Chebyshev Filtrele Chebyshev sunt caraetenzate de urmatoarele valori lilPASS

FS - frecventa de taiert FP - frecventllde trecere RlPPLE-rlplillin banda de trecere (dB) STOP - atenuarea in bande de oprire [dB]

Pcntrua obtine canicteristica filtrului editam circuitul unnator

HIPASS1

J -=-0

f

Se va detemlina analiza de AC ca in figura de maijos

(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l

Prolectarea asistata a circuiteloreJectronlce Aplicatll

l Pentru a obtine coeficientii Chebysbev ai filtrului se va activa optiune LIST (Delice Summary) din tabea Options a setarilor $imularii

I

I I l I I I I

]1 f I r--~---_fi--middotmiddotI _____ L 7-~~ --

raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I

1OHz 10lMl l()((1Z 1_ D VOB(R32)

LOPASS FS - frecventa de taiere FP - frecventa de trecere ruPPLE - ripJul in banda de trecete dB] STOP atenuarea in bande de oprlre [dB]

i

Frequency

66

~ 100Hz r- 10Hz 1dEt-50dB

ApllcatiiProlectarea aslstata a clrcuitelor electronice

lt

BANDPASS FOF I - frecvcn1e de taierc F2F3 frecventa de trecere ruPPLE - ripluI in banda de trecere (dB) STOP - atcnuarea in bande de oprire [dB]

BANDREJ FO-FI [recventcde taiere F2F3 - frecventa de Irecercmiddot RlPPLE - riplul in banda de trecere [dB]

STOP -ltenuarea in bande de oprire [dB1

Pentru a e~emplifica functionarea acestor Iiltre se edifeaza circuitul de mai jos HIPASS1

~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67

Proieaarea asistata a circuitelor electron ice Apllcatil

Dupa detnninarca analizei de AC corespunzatoare se obtin fonuele de unda de Ilai jos

0middot--- At lt gt b i w

~ I I-------- ----T----------r---shy J bull I bull -----r-middotshy----j---- ----T-------------shy ----~----------l-----~----t---- -----i---shy

-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _

~----~----ll----~---400 --l~------u LOItr lOOlz 10KHz 1QHz llXMlt

D l1)li(1lt3 Z) bull II)IICeIlULarI) bull we(IIIASS3OJT) II)IICLagtASS3OJT)bull frequency

84 Concluzii

Modelarea si simularea eu dispozitive ABM reprezinta un mijloc modem de eficientizare a Olundi de proiectare in CAD Aplicatia de fata are ca seop familiarizarea Cll utiliurea surselor comandatede curent si tensiune si eu iispozitivele ABM in analiza si rnodelarca functionarii einuite1or dectronice in seopul e)(tinderii descrierii Funetionarii cireuitelor

Proiectarea asistata a circuitetor electrofllce

9 MODELAREA PSPICE CUABM MODELAREA SISTEMELOR

91 Obicctive Seopul lucrarii de fata este de a pr~zenta principalele aspec~ealemodeiarii sistemeloll utilizarid blocuri ABM In acest SC9P s-a luat in considerare J1lodelarea llnei buclemiddotPLL

92 Suport teor~tic

Buc1ele PLL secompun in principiu din tid elemente majore bull Un oscilator controlal in tensiune (VCb) bull Un detector de faza care compara iesirea oscilatorului comandat in tensiune eu

intrare de semnal generand un semnalde croare ~ Un fUtru de inchiderc a bue1ei

I IIinlrare Detector FlItru bucla de faza-

-J

I eroa re esireQ -0

II 1 I Oscilator lim itator comandat in tensiune

J J

Fonua generala a ecuatiei in domeniul tirnp pentrU sisternele PLL poate fi serisa astfel

( tJgtor=Ksin[tJgti (t)tJgt~ (t) ]9f(t)

Semnalul de intnire yi 5i semnalul detenninat de oscilatorul comandat in tensiune detenninate de eeuatia

yi(t)=Asin[wt+tJgti(t) lyo(t)=Bsin[wt+cento(t)J unde e reprezinta operatia de c~nvolutiet iar f(t) reprezinta raspunsul filtruluila i

unitar ~i ltgt0 sunt fazele semnalului de intrare r~spectiv de iesire

69

68

(I Proiectarea asistata a circultelor electronice ApllcatU-l

Aceasta ecuatie diferentiala neliniara nu este rezolvabila in caz general Solutii aproximativl ale acestei ecuatii pot fi gasite prin liniarizare

1 93 ApJicatii practice

931 Modelarea ierarhica a slsiemelor

I

Penfro a descrie schema bloc prezentata anterior yom incepe prin modeJarea icrarhica a blocurilor din schema Pentru aeeasta se va alege din Schemac ~plasarea unui bloc icrarhic

tmlmll r

I I I

SeJectarea blocului ierarhic va determina aparitia unei terestre de dialog pentru inlroduccrel proprietatilor bloeului ierarhic

[ I

70

I I ~I

Prolectarea aslstata a clrcuitelor electronlce Apllcatii

Oupa inscrierea proprietatilor doritc se tree Ia desenarea bloeului ierathic Acesta va apar)il ell maijos

UI

ootector FlIlll

Pentru a deseric intrari si iesiri in blocul icrarhic vom seleete blocul desenat si vom piasa pini ierarhici ea in figura de maijos bull

fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt

Fiecarc pin se earacterizeaza prm nume tip 51 latime Pentru unpin de intrare ca majos yom facl selectia lIumeyin IIpill 5i Scalar

In Urma acestei operaii pinul defmit se va amplasa pc contuml blocului ierarbic in poziia dorita

U1

DDetector Faza

71 I

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Aplicatii ~

In mod analog se va detennina si pioul de iesire

Rezultatuillcestei operatii se poatevedea maijos U1

E3Deteclor Faza

In mod analog Sf vor descrie si celelalte blocuri peotru obtinerea unnatoarci scheme

Input Detector Faza

o iln U2

cui II 111 cut_Dl_---

ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot

out Inti Wlout IntlllGI---

U3 U4

932 Descrierea schemeor ierarilice

Pentrua descrie interiorul fieearui bloc vom asocia cate 0 schema fiecaruia Acest luelll lie face apeland optiunea Descend Herarchy (elie dreapta pe blocul selectat)

n

Ap~icatllProieaarea asistata a circuitelor electronlce

fij1- - bull

C-JL o~JHljZontany ~~ MirrerVerticaly

Rotate Edit Ploperlie$ EditPalt

Zoomlnmiddot

Astfel se poate defini 0 pagina noua de schema in care sa fie descrise componentele blocului respecli

Astfel 11001 descrie detectorulmiddotde faza ca un multiplicator eu ddmeniul de iesire restrans 1a [shy+1] Se var utiliza blocurile ABM Gain Limit si Mult

in out

ref

73

-

de conexiune In uona acestei operatii Pspice va crea 0 pagina nOlla pe care se vor afla exterior a bloctlilli respecliv

in t=gt

Proiectarea aSisllta a circuiteror electronice

OSpoundilatorul Comandat in tensiune se va descrie ca un generator sinusoidal in flinctie de limp cu un parame~ suplimentar care controleaza faza in functie de tensiunea de inlrare Se vor folosi blocurile ABM Sin Integ

etr L-gt---I SIN(6283225e3llme+VI)1

Filtrul de buda se va defmi ea un filtru trecemiddotjos eu un sinsur pol de lip RC Iesirea acestui filtru eSle chiar Setnnlllul de eroare

R3

in cgt Wi 36k

Blocul de limitare este un tabel neliniar care modifica nivelele de intrare in VCO

in ~TABLE - 1n---1 Out

~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v

Pentru a testa sistemul astfel creat mai trebuie adaugat un generator de setnnaI fonnat dilltr-un osdlator comandat in tensiuile cu fljZa variabila

-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74

t Prolectarea aslstata a circuitelor electronice AplicatilAplicatfi 1

In unna analizei tranzitorii apliclte asupIlt acestui sistem se pot obtirie um1atoarele forme de unda bull

101 I I I

I I I I I I I I bullbullbull I I I

-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1

I I I I It I I I t - L - 1 _ _ _ _ L J _1 ____ L _~J ____ L _ L 1_ _ 1_ L _L

f l I I I I I I bull I 1 I I I

OUI

I I I I I I I bull r I

L_-_-_ 1-_1 bull amp_ ---1 shy--J------ _- ____I I ~I bullbull I -I $ ~ I I J bull l l I 1 I ~ I I I I i

-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I

I I I I I bull bull I i I bullbull I I I-r---shy -r-T-----r-T----~r-r-shy -~--r-Tshy

I I I i I I I I0 I I bull I I I I I I I I I I I I-r----shy -~r-rTshy-r-T-----r--- --r-r-shyI I I I I I I tmiddot I I

M I I t 1- r -1- -1shy -i-l-l ---j-i-i--- -r-~ --~~~-+

I I I I I I I I bull I ~L~~~~-r~~~+-L-~~~~~-+-L-L~~

CJout Os Drs 4lrs tllr6 8)ns lCOrs o V(emr)

- C2 Tine 170nF I

933 Circuite de gelflJrareiprelucrare II semnaleior 0

Sa presupunem pentrulinceput genrarea unui semnal care sa reprezinte radacina medie patrata bull a semnalului de intrare (RMS) Pentru generarea unui astfel de semnal se poate folosi ca referinta formula de generare ABM de mai jos

out --- Esqrtout_hioutjovalue= sqrt( abs(v(lnputraquo)

()67v OGh Bloeul ABM care corespul1de acestei operatii va peelua semnalul de intrare si va extrageQ7v valoate sa absoluta inatmte de efectuarea oricarei alte operatii Aceasta operatie de extragere a

valorii absolute se va face prin inversarea ordinii pinilor de intrare penuu semnalele negative Pentru mode1area eu componentc discrete a aeestel functii solutiile din Spice sunt complicate dalorita neliniaritatii aceslei functii

0 Input In plus se pot introduce neliniarilati pentru aceasta functie utilizand un tabel de corelatie pentru blocul ABM utilizat Ca un exemplu se ia modelul amplificatorului operational ideal

Eampoutotable 200K(v(ln_hi)-vin_loraquo= +(-15-15)(1515)

Acest model of era un castig mare dar iesirea este limi1a1a la domeniul (-15v +15v) Intrarea tabelului de corespondenta este formula castigului diferential dar tabelulnu contine decat dOlla valori 51 tabelul valoriloT de iesire va fi interpolat intre aceste

75

~ j

Proiedarea asistata a circuitelor electronlce Aplicatii

Pentru modehlrea eu ABM a unui generator de selTUlal RMS se poate porni de Iaurmatoarea schema bloc

pu1 outp~extTagale bull extragera ndaclnaIn18gratofradllclna medle

Pentru generarea unui subcircuit cafe sa indepJineasca aeeasta functie s-a folosit schema de mlijos

G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0

Astfel pentru schema de mai ssmiddot sursa 02 va extrage radacina si valorile acesteia vor fi integrate de eondensatoruI C I Sursa Elva extrage radacina medie utiliund variabila TIME in fommla de extragere Se construieste in acest fel 0 pseudomiddotstructura if-then=else daca TIMEltO atunci iesirea El este zero prevenind astfel erorile de eonvergenta penlru momente1e de timp t =0

In schema de mai jos este tratat un alt exemplu in care s-a construit un circuit eu histereza

PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0

934 Circuite de mo4ulare a semnalelor

Pentru generarea unor semnale modulate se pot folosi bloeurile ABM Cele mai utilizale in acest seop sunt blocurile multiplicatoare

76

Apllcatii Proiectarea aslstata a drcuitelor electron ice

Circuitelede modulare in amplitudine sunt unele dintre cele mai raspandite circuite modulare Pentru )intetlza unastfe1 de modulator se poate folosi eircuitul urmator

t_

PAlWuIETERS VcamerPK= 1 Mocltndex 08 bull Vmotlulator tVcarrlerPK Modlndex) 0115 et =VcarrlerPK

~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout

VOFF OflselVAMPL=Vmociulalor shyFREQ 1KHz

VOFF=Q VAMPL= VcarrierPK

~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0

In exemplul de mai sus 0 sursa de tensiune eu frecvenla de 10KHz s-a folosit pen sin)etiza oscilatorul de semnal purtator iar sursa de 1KHz simuleaza generatorul de se modulator Pentru a controla extern caracleristicile modulatorului smiddotau folosit parametri descriere a semnaleldr generate deserisi in PARAMETERS SClTUlalul modulat obtinu poate reprezenta ell mai jos

20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----

au l=l n III 1 II 1 1 P J 11 IIll111 I ti III

I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I

t -1- t -- -_ - -bull I I t Ibull t I t

I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I

middot~-middot--r---

I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I

Os OSAS 1 OlliS 15111S 2011lS [] U(RHout) oU(U1 +)

The 77

Proleaarea aslstata a clrcultelor eleqronrce ApUcatUProiectarea asistata it clrcuitefor el-ectrol~ Apllcatll

Pentru obtinerea unui modulator ponderat care sa produca un semnal modulat e~ benzi laterate active dar eu purtatoarea suprimata se va modifica offset-ut semnaIului modulatorIa zero suprimind astfel purtatoarea Un astfel de semnal ponderat va arata ea in poundigura urmatoare

1011 I bull

IlU F f I I I ill I J ~ 1 I I

-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I

1511s 2 Bilts a U(AMout) 0 ab~(U(U1+raquo

Tillie CircuiteJe dubloare de freeventa suut de asemenea drcuile uzual folosile in sislemeJe electronice Un astfe1 de dreuiteste reprczentat de schema de mai jos

VOFF =tI VAulPL bull ~nputPk FREO =Fund Fl1q

Ill

0

PARAMETERS fundFI- I AnputPK 1

)f----o DOlte Out

0

rimul multiplicator a1 circuitului produce un semnal care are amplitudinea jumatale din eea a ~rmnaluui de intrare eu 0 componenta continua egala ell jumatate din valoarea de van a Imnalullli de intrare Semnale1e de intrare si iesire ale aeestui circuit sunt detaliate in figuraIIlIllah)are

78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r

~~[---qr- --j z-r i1i i ))ltt 1 o fundalillmtal

1 IlU LI1lIlJ 1 i i Ii

OIJ

r [FiQ-llrYiFnrfrll lFlrt 11 fU-I2U-W--V--r_n2n_V--Y YJ~

-10U 60s05 205 05 c DilubleOut

Thll~

915 Modefarea lerarhica a sisterneor de prelucraregelferare a semllulelor

Se va edita schema ierarhica de mai jos

HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS

Pcnlru cireuitele RMS si HYS se vor folosi schemele de la punetul 121 Se vot vizualiza formele de unda pentru un stimul de intrare sinusoidal ea in igma urmatoare

79

____

Proi~cta~ea asistata a circuitelor electronlce Aplkatii

bull tfiiii bull

Btl Ijgtipound I- I I ~ f I t

11 t 110bull

916 Modelarea ierarhica a odlliatollrelor

Sc va edita schema ierarhica de mai jos lemnal inlrare dublllmodulll

(

ul u2 u3

~$iln in $iQnal out sgna1inJlgn OUI Ignilift IlgnalOllI I t- shy

~I ModulalorAM Dublor Frecvenla Modulator AM

Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0

Circuitele corespunzatoare bloeurilor modulatoarc si a dublorului de freeventa sunt cclc din exemplele anteriaare Pentru modulatorul U3 se va alege 0 frecventa purtatoare de 10 ori mai mare ca a primului modulator

94 Concluzli

Aplicatia prezentata a introdus tehnici de modelare ierarhica a sistemelor pentru cllteva exemple de circuite de prelucrare si gerlerare a sernnalelor In plus S-aU consolidat cunostiintele rcferitoare la mode1area avansata eu blocuri ABM

80

bull ~-------------

I AplieatilProit~Ctarea asistata a circuitelor electron ice

10 MODELA~AUNORCOMPONENrE PASlVE

101 Obiective

Aplicatia de rata propu~e 0 tehnic~ de mOde1are a feritelor util~te i~ protectia EMl (Electro Magnetic lnterferenccs) a circuitelor electronice

102 Suport teoretic I

Utilizarea componentelor din ferita poate asigum sistemelor eleetroniee compatibilitatea normele de reglementare a nivelului de perturbatii electromagnetice (EMIJEMC) In ~ traditional aceste elemente de f~rita se utilizau pentru filtre trece-jos pentru frccvente man pentru a opri auto-oscilatiile inmiddot tranzistoare Pentru Sistemele electronice aetuaIe se pu problema compatibilitatii middotelectromagnetice si astfel prqiectarea acestor circuite elJ eleme din ferite trebuie intai modelata

103 Apllcati~

1031 M odelarea Psplce a feritelor pelfrU EM

Cele mai importante caracteristici folosite in modelare feritelor sunt bull Caracteristiea impedanta - dimensiune fizica B feritei bull Caraeteristica irnpedanta bull freeventa bull Caracteristiea impedanta - curent de polarizare bull Caracteristica impedanta - numar de spire

Prio modelarea acester caraeteristici se pot simula si modela 0 varletate larga de circu practice Teoretie impedanta Unci miez de ferita depin4e de materiaIuI folosit si dimcllsiunile geometrice De exemplu se poate spune eu usurinta ca miezul de ferita Bea are inductanta mai mare decat miezul Beadl dinligura urmatoare

Bead 1 Bead 2

- )- y Relatia dintre induetantalimpedanta miezului feritic ~i proprietatile sale material se poate exprima ca in ceuana empirica de mai jos

K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbulllml-ImiddotCIiIiIi]~j~ci~

Proiectarea aslstata a clrcuitelor electron lee AplcatU

Un model mai oorllplet penttu un Jl)ieZge ferita este prezental in figura de maijos f

Proiectare~fasistata a circuiterorefectronlce shy

unde K este fad6Il1 de scalare al impedantei L- esle lungimea miezuluj OD bull este diametrnl exterior al miezului ID bull diametrul interior al miezului N bull este numarul de spire

Apllcatll

Un fir metalic care trece drept prin mijlocul mezului dintr-o parte in alta conl~aza ca 0 spira astfel numarul minim de spire este 1 Proprietatile eleetrice ale feritelor pot Ii modelale prin simple eireuite RLe ca mai jos

R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1

Caracleristiea impedanta - frecv~nta a unui miez din ferita poate arall (1 nlal jos

I ~ ~

fAIR-Rfrpound 43 lMTEffi4l REAL Vs SIMIJLATIOH

10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111

Aces miez este moddat in Pspice utilizand un multiplicator de irnpedanta Circuitul functioneaza prin sesizaJea curentului altemativ care traverseaza mi~l produeand 0 tensiune de iesire care coreleaza impedanta circuitului eu freeventa si intensitatea cutentului in baza

uTTll810arei ecuatii Vout= Z x lin

Penttu a face aeeasta ecuatie sa fie valabila pentru mai mulle tipuri de miezuri sllrsa EOUT primestc Ii illtrare parametrii corespunzl1tori geometriei rniezului curentul de polariZ8rc numarul de spire si impedanta de referintn a miezului pentru aproduce impedalJta echivalenta necesara Corectia impedanlej in functie de dimensiunile miezului este cea corespunzatoare ecuatiei empirice prezentate anterior Pentru eoreetia impedantei in functie de curentUl de polarizare nu smiddota putut folosi un polinom ci un tabel de corelatie pentru sursa EBIAS

EBIAS table - (-14Q09)(-100O14X-80017)(-60O23)(-40O37 + (-20077) (-10 G9) (0010) (1OO9) (20077) + (40037) (60023) (80Dt7) (100014) (14009)

LBEAD -3U RBEAD -111 CBEAD - lAp N

Tabelul decorelatie folosit pentm eorectia curentului de polarizare eSle scalat si de un factor proportional eu diametrul exterior al feritei Cu cat diametrul exterior este mal mare eu atat curentul de satuTiitie este rnai mare In mod reciproc cu cat n)lI11arol de spire este mai mare eu atat curentul de satutatie se va miesora 0 alta corectie a caracteristicii neideale a mieZului este factorul CBEAD care refleeta nurnarul de spire pc ferita aleasa Inductallta feriti ereste

S3

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronlce Aplicatii

de N1 ori eN - numarul de spi~ej dar fiecare spira mareste ca~itatea de inalta freeventa care este proportionala eu N Ca unnare )apaeitatea miezului va trebui multiplicata eu un factor N Toate aceste blocuri sunt multiplicate in EOUI pentru a produce impedanta corespunzatoare modelului ales

Feritelese ulilizeaza in multe situ~tii Una din situatiile tipice este eea in care suot folosite pcntru decuplarea alimentarii u~laquoiplaci PCB ca maijos

XFB1

RIH 01

01)middot 03 II) -30 L-03 RT N (TURNS) 075

PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS

Pentm testarea in frecventa a acestui model se va efectua 0 analiza AC si se va varia parametl1l1 corespunzator numal1llui de spire

w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------

Q L t-nnmiddot-f----umiddott-------~-u-n-i 1 i( bull bullI

-40 I gtlt1 ~

-80tl-----+--~-L----~----~~--~~~ 1 OKHz 10KHz 10MHz 11HlMlfz

o ltgt v A UDB(30) Frequency

84

Proiectarea8Sistata a drcuiteior electronice

Se poate observa ca odata eu cresterea numarului de spire caracteristica de filtrare

pe curba

a mICpoundUIU

nu e modifica semnificativ datonta eresterii eurentului de polarizare proportional en N

1p32 Modelarea rezistoarelor dependeme de ttmperatur~ sau tells~ulfe

Modelarea eu ajuto~ moduelor eu eomportare analoga (ABM) Poite fi utilizata crearea unor modele eficiente pentru rezistoare neliniareprin utilizarea unor legi si care dese~u rezistenta In lucrarea de fata se vor at)alizamiddot cateva exemple de astfel de modeJarei

Blocurile ABM sunt module care simuleaza eomportarea analogiea a U1lui dispozitiv cireuit electronic (Analog Behavioral Modelling) Esenta acestui tip de modelare consta abstractizare prin formule matematice a functionarii analogice a unui dispozitiv sau AdiCa presupunand un clement de circuit de tip rezistenta putem spune ~a fUDctia dependenta a cureritului prin rezistenta fat de tensiunea la borne este 0 functie liniara

f=UmiddotJlR

Ca urmare putem inlocui rezistenta respectiva eu mice dispozitiv care are aceeasi curent-tensiune De exeplu se P9ate inlocw reiistenta ell un generator de cureot comandat tensiune care are factornl de eastig (GAIN) ega eu liB

Punerul de pomire in modelarea acestui tip de rezistoare este eurba de vari~tie a rezistentei funetie de terisiuntj Pe baza aeestei eurbe se poate extrage un tabel cu valori care se folosi in exprimarea funetie corespunzatoare curbei eu blocuri ABM Tabelul extras pereehi de valori (Tensiune RezisteI)ta) corellPunzatoare punctelor de Tensiunea de intrare in blocul ABM va fi astfel mapata neliniar pe valorile rezistentd tabe eorespunutoare tensiunilor de pe grafie Intre aceste valori Pspice va efeetua interpolare Iiniara

Sa presupunem urmatorul tabel eorespunzator unei curbe de variatie neliniara a rezistentei functie de tensiune

Tensiune Rezistenta 05 25 10 50 20 100

Blocul ABM corespunzator acestui tabel este cel de niai jos

__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I

~roIectarea asrstata a c1rcultelor-efectronic-e Apllcatll

V(IN+ INmiddotIITABLEVIN+IN~) 0525 105020100)

Pentru testarea unui astfel d~ rezist~r se poate utiliZa schema de mai jos

R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE

V(IN+ IN-)fTAQLE(V(oiIN+ IN-) 0525 1050 20100 )

middot--0

Efectuand 0 analizamiddot DC Sweep pentru Q variatie a sursei V 1 in domeniuI (0 2) se poale reprezenta grafic variatia neliniara a rezistentei ll1odelate a5tfe

100

50

I t I I I

~ I I t I I l I-----r-T----r-- --r- --J--r--I-- ----- --shybull I I It I tit t 1

---- -----r- --l---1---I-shy-t- 1-T-1-shyI I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I

--~--~-- --~-~-~--~- - -J--~__J __ I I I I I I I I I I I _ __ L_ __~_J __ L_~ ____ L_~~~ _~~_L_L_~

I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I

----r-~- ---r---r ---r-r-~--- Imiddot I I a I f J I I

-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~

--I--~-~ -I-- -J __ ~_4_~ __ I I bull J I t 1 bull I I I 1 I I

Q~~-L~__L-+-~~~~~+-~~~~~~~~-L~~ QI OSV 100 15V VN o v(vres)I 1 (Rl)

vv

86

Prolectarea aslstataamiddotcircuitelor electronice Aplicatii

J033 MoJefarea reiJstoareloT dependenie de temperatura

Un r~zistor dependent de temperatura (termistor) poate fi modelat cu ajutorol unui label de eore1atie a valorii rezistenteiiIl funetie de temperatura sau eu 0 expresie care sadescrie legea de variatic a rezistentei in funetie de temperatura

Pentru descrierea prin expresi~ amiddot variatiei eu temperatura se poate utiliza variab~l~ Pspiee TEMP care reprezintivaloarea temperaturii la care se executa simulareaexpri~tain grade Celsius Aceasla valoare trebuie convertita in grade Kelvin Plin adugarea villorii 27315 pentru a evita prqblemeic imparfuii lao zero pentro temperaturi de simulare de zero gra4~ Celsius Observatie variabila TEMP poatc fi folosita in Pspice pentru fonnarea ll1ot expresu numai in cazul utilizarii blocuritor ABM

Figura uimatoare prezintaunmiddot exemplu de modelare aullui astre de tennistor

OPTIMIZER PARAMETERS bull vName Inilial Current

bela 3435 3435 rho 10k 10k tempO 298 298 R1

11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0

V(IN+ 1N-)f(momiddotexp(-(belll(TEMP+27315-tempOraquo)I((TEMP+27315)tempO)))

Pentnl testarea modelului se poate efectua 0 analiza DC Sweep ~u variatiatemperllturii de simulare in domeniul (-40 +60) Rezultatu obtinut in Umla acestei simulari este eel din figura urmatoare

3~-------c-~~----~-------------------r--~--middotI I bull I bull t bullbull I -----~---r--~--- ---r---r-----T--~ --~---__ --4 __ _ ___ ___1_ _ _ __ __ I- __ ___ _ - - - - -01- shy

-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---

--~---~---~ ---~---~--~---~--- --~---I bull I tit I --~------r--~ ---r-~-r--~--T-~- --~---- - -- - - - - t - - -1- - - 1 - - - l - - - - -i - - shy

(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67

fmiddot Proiectarea asi~~ta a circultelor electonice Apllcatn

1034 Retele RLCcu Q varwbil

In n1ulte circuite v~loareit unui rezistor eite flXa in timpul simularii Pentru a varia valoar~a acestui rezistor se peate determina 0 simularc parametrica astfel incal se vot obtine setun de simuJari diferite pentnt diferite valori ate tezistorului

o alta metoda poate fi eea in care valoarea re~istentei sa fie modificata dinamic in cursul simularil cu ajutorul unui rezistor controlat in tensiune Pentru conslruireaunui astfel de circuit avem iris nevoie de un circuit cxtern care sa detennme 0 valoare de referinta fata de care sa se varieze rezistenta In circultul urmator s-a folosit 0 valoare de referinta de 50 de ohmi Ca urmare impedanta de iesue vUuta de circuit cste omiddotrezistenta variabila egala eu valoarea de referinta multiplicata de marirnea V(control) Astfel in acest circuit data se variaza tensiunea de control de la oSV la 2V cu un pas de OSV rezistenta determinata de Gvalue va varia intre 25 de ohmi si 100 de ohmi in pasi de2S de ohmi

OPTlMIZER PARAMETERS Name Initial Currenl AJer 50 50

70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V

V(IN+ IN-)l(RrerV(c~nlroQ)

--0

In schema precedenta s-a determinat sursa V2 ca un stimul pulsatoriu

1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V

Ov I I I Os 10 loOMS 30a ~o 50ao6v(v2 ) T

88

_~ 7$

electroriice

Pentru deterrninarea unui comportament dinamic al acestei rezistente s-a impus 0

parametrica spp1irnentara celei in domeniul timp ca mai jos

Utilizand post-proce~orul grafi~ Probe se poate observa cum oscilatiile care aPlr in circuit amplitudini diferite si timpi de amortizare diferiti in masura in care variaza factorolde Q al circuirolui rezonant RLe Comparand formele de iesire ale tensiunii pc condensato poate observa ca supra-oscilatiile cele mai pronuntate apar pcnlru valorile cele mai mici rezistorului variabil atunci cand Q este crescut Orice sursa de semnal poate fi foJosita controlul rezistentei determinate cu Gvalue

6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I

bull iLJ_ r 1 t f I t I r---- I I I

- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I

t I I I l I I I 1 l I t I I

-H-fmiddot~middot-~-middot--middot -rmiddot-~middot- --i-~middot-I I I I I I I I I I I I I

L J~ L~-~t rLl~~ -u t-~J-l-~ -shy1 I I S J I I J -I bull I I I

_t-l_t_I-_J_J_LJ __ L_fJ-J __I_J_L_I_

I I t shy---~ - -shy

IN ~ I ~~t=-~Jl~~bull I

4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_

-25tli1111 I I I I bull I I I I 1Qs 1 Sou 2Qs lSIosmiddot J1ns 3SmS ~Ons

a bull T bull v(II2l) bull Ti

89

~ Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronlce Aplicatii 1O3S Modelarea uitu capllcilor cudependenta lfelilliartl

Pentru un capacitor cu dependent~ IWara formulele pentru sarcina si curent care descriu aeeasta dependenta sun~

I Q cmiddotv (I a)I C dV(t)dt

(lb)

I P~ntru un capacitor eu dependenta neliniara (de lensiune) aceste formule devin

Q == J C(V dV

I (2a) I CV) dVdt (2b)

Aceste fennule sunt valide in cazul in care capacitat~a a fost masurata la diferite valori ale tensiunii apIlcate Se poate presupune c~ pentru lID capacitor neliniar sarcina va fi dependenta

I de timp ca mai jos

Q=C(V)V (3 a) Unde tensiunea V este 0 functie- dependenta de timp Astfe1 se poate deduce ca

I bull t

1 dQdt= ~(V(traquo dV(t)di + dC(V(traquodt Vet) (3b)

Ace-asta relatie ~u este insa coreeta Qreseala aeestui tip de eonstructie logica rezida in ccuatia (3a) Iii timp ce ecuatia (Ia) este adevarata pentru eapacitoarele eu dependenta Iiniara definitia general a- a sarcinii este cea din ecualia (2a) Capacitatea este astfel obtinuta prinL 1 derivarea partial a a sarcinii Qfata detensiUllea V ea maijos

I dQdt c OQloV dVIdt = C(V) dVldt (4)[1 AstfeI daca se considera rdatia dintre curentul-care strabate un capacitor neliniar si tensiunea aplicata capacitorului se pot folosi bloeurile ABM pcntru modelarea capacitatilor dependentade tensiune

1036 Model pentru capacltoare controate in temiune

Pentrl modelarea unui capacitor neliniar se var folosi blocuri ADM Capacitorul va fi inlocuit Ctl 0 sursa de curent controlata in tensiune Gout pentru care expresia curentului se va modela conform relatiei (2b) Derivata dupa timp dV(t)dt este modelata cu ajutorul functiei DDT( )

omiddot a ptogramului Pspice Astfel modelarea unui astfel de capacitar se poate face fie prin utilizarea unui tabel de valori fie jJrin utilizarea unei descrieri polinomiale

1037 Exemplu de modelare cu tabel de valori

Punctul de porhiIe in modelareamiddot ace8tui tip de capacitoare este curba de variatie a capacitatii in functie de tensjune Pe baza acestei curbe se poate extrage un tabel cu valori care se poate

90

Prolectarea asistata a circuitelor electronfce Aplitatir

folosi in exprimarea functie corespunzatoareeurbei ell bloeuri ABM TabeluI (xtllis cuprinde perechi de valori (Tensiune Capacitate) corespunzatoare punetelor de pe curbll al~se Tensiunea de intrare in blocul ABM va fi astfel mapata neHniar pe valorileeapaCitaliidin label eorespunzatoare tensitnilor de pc grafic Intre aceste val~ri Pspiee va efectua 0

inteIpolare liniara Sa presupunem urmatorul tabel corespunzator unei tutbe de variatie neliniara a eapacitatii in functie de tensiune

Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6

Blocul ABM core5punzator acestui tabel este eel de mai jos )~

J _

TABlE(V(IN+ loIN) OV1Emiddota 20V124E-6 40V156E-S 6OV196E-S)middot DOT(V(IN+ IN-l)

10J8 Modelarea poiillonlata a capacitorutlti dependent de tensiune I

(CO C1V( IN+ IN-) + C2gtPWRS(V( IN+ IN-2raquo DDT(V(IN+ IN-raquomiddot1

Valoarea capaeitorulQi neliniar din aeest exemplu este modelata eu ajutorul unui polinom de gradul II Acest model este eehivalent eu modelul standard al capacitol11lui din Pspi~e pentru care cQeficientii linian si quadratiCi VCl si VC2 pot fi defmiti printr-o instructiune de tip MODEL Acest model este parametrizat a5tfel ineat utilizatorul sa poata specifica coeficientij polinomiali intr-un bloc de parametri sau in simbolul creat Cll editoruI de simboluri

91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~

I bull I _~_l_~_~_ I

I

10A1Os- JOs 1 I I I I

o _ 1(11) oQJ(Vl+raquo) 20s 3Js 40s 9Js Tine

proledarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Aplicatil

1039 Exeinplu de simulare cu modelul propus ISe va edita urmalorul circuit detestare

I I

TABLE(V(IN+ IN-) OV1E-6 20V124E-6 40V155E-6 6OV196EfI)middot DDT(VIN+ kINmiddot) I

I

I 1

-=-0

Sursa Vpwl din circuit va genera 0 rampa de tensiune (onform urmltoruui grafic 8)1 til - ii iii iii i ~ j i

I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+

1 If t I 1 I I It bullbull I 1 t bull I t t ttl bull t

_t__I_J _ J _ _ l 1 _t_ J _ _I _1 _ L _I _ J _ 1 1 I 1 I I Itt I bullbull I I I I t I I I I 1 t I I

_J__ L____ bull 1 bull I_I __ -J I 1 I J I I J I t f

I I I I I I An

Proie~rea asistata it circuitelorelectronlce

I I I I I I I I 2M

ftt I I I - T bull r shy -(---f

I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_

L _ a_ _ tIt I bull t I I I I

Os lOs 20s 3Qs 4Q5 50s LM ~ V(Vl+)

Tine

So va specifica 0 analiza tranzitorie ca mai jos

_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J

-- 1- Tshy( bull I __J_ J _l _ I I

--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~

bull I I bull r I 1 f 1 I 1 I I I t f I

-r--r~- -T-r-r-(----T-r-I I I I I I I I I I

I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It

_~ __ L_-_J_jmiddot~_L- t t bull I bull

I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I

I J I I I l I I 1 I f I I 1shy--r-r-r----y-rshybull I J l lIt t j_L_~ _~_j_j_~~

Anali~a tranzitorie va determina 0 variatie lenta a tensiunii pe capacitor de la IV 1a S(J Capacitatea efectiva poate fi vizualizata in Pspice prin reprezentarea grafica II marimi i(Vl)dVlIdt conform relatiei (4) SemnuI minus a1 acestei expresii provine de 1lt1 convell

92 93

I I

Proiectarea asistata a circuitelor electronice Aplicatll

de masurarea a Lurentilor inPspice iI surseltltensiun~ len~l Implicit mnd de la plus la minus

104 Conduzii

Modelarea Ullor cornponente pasive eu ajutorul dispozitivelor ABM prezinla 0 serie de avantaje pentru simularea riilor efecte care lpar in circuitele electronice dar si pentru exprimarea unor neliniaritati ale dispozitivelor electronice compIexeutiliza1d aceste modele

j I

I I

I Bibliografie selectiva

1

2 3 4 5 6

Ana Rusu shy Motelilrea Ji simularea circuit~lor electronjce _Cluj-NapocaEd Mediamira 1994 DrCAD Inc - OreAD Users Guide _ 1999 DreAD Inc - Pspice Application NOles _ 1000 M Vladescu - Psipce _ 1990 bull - PSpice AID User manual- 1999 Cadence Corp - PSpicc Reference manual- 1999 ~dence Corp

94

Gabriel Cblndri Ani Ruu Proicct~rea asistati a cireuitelor elcctronice Aplicatii

~

1 J

ISBN 913-686-12~ ~

Dilector Mircea Trifumiddot

Fondalor dr T A Codreanu Consllicr editorial Aurel CAmpeanu

TIparul executat)a Casa CfrPi de ~tiinlil 34~ ClujNlpoea B-dul Eroilor 6-8 TeVfax 064-431920 E-mail edj(uracampsacartiicom wwcaS8cartiicom

~

CUl1allt btuiltte

Proiectarrd asisata de calculator s-o illpus itl ultimil all ca a metoda ej1cie11a de realcere a Coslurilor (Ie proiectare sl dezvoltare a circuitidorr

eleetrollice Peifect(ollarea algoritmilor de simulare crearea IInor modee lIIair enh I precise p ll dispOzitilele semiconductoare sf creSlerea semnijicativa a pUleni I I de calcul a sistemelar Pc Sunt cnteva dilltre arg(lnenlele chele ale SUCCftSullli

de care Se blcura aplfcaiile CAD recene

Imiddotj

LIcraea de fala i~i prapUl1e preZellare(l CarOl1(l l1plicaiii all ~ ma(lelarii si lillulmii Cl progrnme CAD a drcuirelor eleclrOllice sf Sfj

adreseara stlilellilor llin GIll 1 si III af Facullatii de Electrolic(l JiI Telecomunic(1tii Acese aplicalii Urmaresc deprillderea principalelor teilliei (Ie

ulllimre a programelor de sillmlare a eirellilelor electrollice sl sunl structurale 1 sub forlla lI110r luemr lit laborOtor Aspectele floretice (IU ost concelltrale la

tllictull1leesar Illcrarile fiilld C(JIICepllte pomilld de la lIivelude pregatire alt studelltilo allului IIli 1(

I ~

0 milre parte a illformaliilor prezente Illcrare au fost OPtinllLe iiI procesul de (locumelllare si ilformare susilut prill doua programillletiaffonoe

bull Programul Tempus S JEP-12531-97 Euro Standards in InformationTeclutology Cumci7J (ESTEC)

bull Contractul de lip D (master fi doctortJ cod Jllll cojinanlat de BancQ MOl1dialii Dervoltarea prin doctoral sf studil aprofulldate a dolttlilului compallbilitatii electromagnelice in conformitale CII exigelleie COl1lunlltftil europelle

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40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

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44

-


lr-


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I

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I

I I I I

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54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

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cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


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-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

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I



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48



I

I t

1

I f


49

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l




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bull bull I

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Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


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50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


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OUT1

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56


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tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

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2

57

zo

-13

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rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

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I bull I bull

~

_~

I

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-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



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I 20v

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Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


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I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

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Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

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I I

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_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

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log())

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HIPASS1

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70

) ~ J

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I

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i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





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I

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92 Suport teor~tic




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I eroa re esireQ -0


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69

68





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73

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74



101 I I I


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75

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PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

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0


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79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

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94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

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I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

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82

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I

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~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

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S3




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PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

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I

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86








11middot1ltgt

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bull I ~r 0 -0- R


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19











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21

1 1




1

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22

R1 C1

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200


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110

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41 Suport teoretilt


27



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di V =dcD=L~


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2amp



bull ~

~

v

fi~ierul deie~ire










29

--








I hmiddot1




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I a

k

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Ij 30


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limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

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J



cireuitului 100



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15 11

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3332

---


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f




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~ J

t ltv4

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~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

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-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


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R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

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+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

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RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

_10k

- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

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1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

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81 Obiective


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0

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62


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66



lt





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74



101 I I I


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79

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101 Obiective




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i


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19











20

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21

1 1




1

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22

R1 C1

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P iZampiiiElIIIEII



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200


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110

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35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



dq dvC

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bull ~

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v

fi~ierul deie~ire










29

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I hmiddot1




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k

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limp







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100

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31

rTT ~~ S

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I

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Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




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( Rl

200

L2 L2


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44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

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02

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40






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42

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U2

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44

-


lr-


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I

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54 Concluzii

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t 6tkns


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~~


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TR QOIU TO O1u


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cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


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I bull

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I

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49

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bull bull I

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64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




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50







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I I middot

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52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

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fUi- -I

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lt



U1

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71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

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76



t_


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V2

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~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


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0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

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bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



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a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

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middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

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I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

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lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

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6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

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4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


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I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

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I I


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--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

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1

bull I I bull

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I I I I r

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I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94


-~

Aplicatif

I I I I


I

i i


4




~~y~ J ~~

f bull GIbJ o5r

~

J~ i~~~ 11

~1 ~1 ~t

~ii~~~ ~~

N~~t~~~~~~~~


5









bullbull ~

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100

I

10 ~ 1 R2- IV1 200

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J=


R

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8




I I


I I i




9

shy

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11


I

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LJ Design Resources



bull I ~r 0 -0- R


g tJ Library




Ln ilimlJllIEi~



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10MEG

10 11

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I

11

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J



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14 I 15


60rrA I l ~

40mA1 I

20mA1 II

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p-

40nA r

liu

_ 59 1 PI




lQnA

SIIII


V_VGS

C ~

~




-









17 16

]-I

] j

][


24 Concluzif



311 32 Obiective )


33 Suport teoretic







18





IVI=~VR2+V12





19











20

Lmiddot _




i-I








21

1 1




1

-0

In raquo

1n


-j 23













22

R1 C1

R2

50k


lm R4

8k

l

C2

bull

P iZampiiiElIIIEII



IOpuncteidecada


-40

200


20--~~shy I ~

30~ 1 I 1 l

01

-so


~


24




-10r-----~~~~--------~------~~--~~~~--~-~~--~------ I

110

10

lOC


~rIIItnc


25

r


1shyI~

Of

~ )

r 1Of


ffeqg~ft(r



j XFR1Umiddot1I1R

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20mA C2

1u

-0--0




26

R3

5k





35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



dq dvC

l =-=C-shyC dt dt

di V =dcD=L~


Parametrii










2amp



bull ~

~

v

fi~ierul deie~ire










29

--








I hmiddot1




At =~a+bI b

ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I





Ij 30


fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

0511

lJ

J



cireuitului 100



~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




I ~

lCtM---

IthS

lime



o R1

s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

WI 0 0 I

3332

---


] ] ]

]

f




R1

5

OSmH Vt

0o


~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

_10k

- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

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81 Obiective


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0

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(GAIN) DIFF

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Time

58 59


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1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


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Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

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62


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0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

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LOG10

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66



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fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

0511

lJ

J



cireuitului 100



~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




I ~

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IthS

lime



o R1

s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

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3332

---


] ] ]

]

f




R1

5

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0o


~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

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- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



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48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

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56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

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2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

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I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

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- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

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I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

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IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

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lunx)

tan I (x)

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HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

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-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

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i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


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69

68





I


tmlmll r

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[ I

70

I I ~I



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71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


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n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






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75

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G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

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76



t_


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~ FREQ=10KHz

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20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

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I I

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I -II I

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I

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t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

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I


The 77



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-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

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0


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0


78

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Thll~



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OUT II--laquorms-IN

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0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

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94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

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82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

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S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

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I

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50

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86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




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I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

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I 67






70

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89




(lb)


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90




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o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


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91

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--- 1-t-I

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1

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I I I I I

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I I _L_I_~



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92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

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11

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J



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[] ID(Jl) shyV_VGSI

14 I 15


60rrA I l ~

40mA1 I

20mA1 II

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40nA r

liu

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33 Suport teoretic







18





IVI=~VR2+V12





19











20

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i-I








21

1 1




1

-0

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1n


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22

R1 C1

R2

50k


lm R4

8k

l

C2

bull

P iZampiiiElIIIEII



IOpuncteidecada


-40

200


20--~~shy I ~

30~ 1 I 1 l

01

-so


~


24




-10r-----~~~~--------~------~~--~~~~--~-~~--~------ I

110

10

lOC


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25

r


1shyI~

Of

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r 1Of


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j XFR1Umiddot1I1R

R1 R2

20mA C2

1u

-0--0




26

R3

5k





35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



dq dvC

l =-=C-shyC dt dt

di V =dcD=L~


Parametrii










2amp



bull ~

~

v

fi~ierul deie~ire










29

--








I hmiddot1




At =~a+bI b

ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I





Ij 30


fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

0511

lJ

J



cireuitului 100



~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




I ~

lCtM---

IthS

lime



o R1

s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

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3332

---


] ] ]

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f




R1

5

OSmH Vt

0o


~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

_10k

- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

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I

- middot--- r--

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-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



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middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

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vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

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TEMP

I 67






70

C1

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lt R2 1meg

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(lb)


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Tensiune capadtate

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~

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J _





91

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_1_ -I ~_l_

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I

I

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92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94




lQnA

SIIII


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C ~

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17 16

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24 Concluzif



311 32 Obiective )


33 Suport teoretic







18





IVI=~VR2+V12





19











20

Lmiddot _




i-I








21

1 1




1

-0

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1n


-j 23













22

R1 C1

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lm R4

8k

l

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bull

P iZampiiiElIIIEII



IOpuncteidecada


-40

200


20--~~shy I ~

30~ 1 I 1 l

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-so


~


24




-10r-----~~~~--------~------~~--~~~~--~-~~--~------ I

110

10

lOC


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25

r


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j XFR1Umiddot1I1R

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1u

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26

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5k





35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



dq dvC

l =-=C-shyC dt dt

di V =dcD=L~


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2amp



bull ~

~

v

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29

--








I hmiddot1




At =~a+bI b

ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I





Ij 30


fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

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I

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lJ

J



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~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




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s

15 11

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3332

---


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f




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5

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~ J

t ltv4

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o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

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Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

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3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

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R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

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r3

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- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

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~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

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-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




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bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

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6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

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4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

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I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


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I I I I I I An


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I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


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--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

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_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



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j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

]-I

] j

][


24 Concluzif



311 32 Obiective )


33 Suport teoretic







18





IVI=~VR2+V12





19











20

Lmiddot _




i-I








21

1 1




1

-0

In raquo

1n


-j 23













22

R1 C1

R2

50k


lm R4

8k

l

C2

bull

P iZampiiiElIIIEII



IOpuncteidecada


-40

200


20--~~shy I ~

30~ 1 I 1 l

01

-so


~


24




-10r-----~~~~--------~------~~--~~~~--~-~~--~------ I

110

10

lOC


~rIIItnc


25

r


1shyI~

Of

~ )

r 1Of


ffeqg~ft(r



j XFR1Umiddot1I1R

R1 R2

20mA C2

1u

-0--0




26

R3

5k





35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



dq dvC

l =-=C-shyC dt dt

di V =dcD=L~


Parametrii










2amp



bull ~

~

v

fi~ierul deie~ire










29

--








I hmiddot1




At =~a+bI b

ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I





Ij 30


fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

0511

lJ

J



cireuitului 100



~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




I ~

lCtM---

IthS

lime



o R1

s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

WI 0 0 I

3332

---


] ] ]

]

f




R1

5

OSmH Vt

0o


~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

_10k

- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

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I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

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HIPASS1

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f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

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lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

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i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

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I

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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


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69

68





I


tmlmll r

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[ I

70

I I ~I



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71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

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n


fij1- - bull



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in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



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74



101 I I I


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R1



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I






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75

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G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



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t~ out

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79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



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ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

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94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

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I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

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10

110

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82

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I

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~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

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S3




XFB1

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PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

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11middot1ltgt

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70

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104 Conduzii


j I

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1

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20

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21

1 1




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26

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35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



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l =-=C-shyC dt dt

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~

v

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29

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I hmiddot1




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100

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43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

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35


ace MaClo



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200

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44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

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+15 p

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l 0

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3011

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1 -=-0

38

02

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01 D1N4148

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R4

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39

middot15

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-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

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111)

42

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U2

ltt middot15

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44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

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54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


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TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

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cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


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bull_~~

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I t

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49

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l




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bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




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-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

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56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



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tIGr~ Bl1S

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U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

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1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

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I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

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lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

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6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

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4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

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I t I

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I





I I


I

I 1

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_1_ -I ~_l_

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--- 1-t-I

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1

bull I I bull

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I I I I r

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I I I I I

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-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

1 1




1

-0

In raquo

1n


-j 23













22

R1 C1

R2

50k


lm R4

8k

l

C2

bull

P iZampiiiElIIIEII



IOpuncteidecada


-40

200


20--~~shy I ~

30~ 1 I 1 l

01

-so


~


24




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110

10

lOC


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25

r


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Of

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r 1Of


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j XFR1Umiddot1I1R

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20mA C2

1u

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26

R3

5k





35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



dq dvC

l =-=C-shyC dt dt

di V =dcD=L~


Parametrii










2amp



bull ~

~

v

fi~ierul deie~ire










29

--








I hmiddot1




At =~a+bI b

ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I





Ij 30


fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

0511

lJ

J



cireuitului 100



~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




I ~

lCtM---

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lime



o R1

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15 11

L1 lOSmH

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3332

---


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R1

5

OSmH Vt

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~ J

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I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

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I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

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2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

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R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

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0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

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r3

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44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

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1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

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cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

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I



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48



I

I t

1

I f


49

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-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


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cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


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OUT1

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56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

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2

57

zo

-13

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rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

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I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

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Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

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I I

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- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

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IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

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HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


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-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

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I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

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i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

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I -----r---------j--------r----

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I

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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


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69

68





I


tmlmll r

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[ I

70

I I ~I



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71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


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n


fij1- - bull



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in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



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-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

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I






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75

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G2 pound1IN OUT

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PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

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76



t_


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20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


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I

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t bull bull I


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0


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0


78

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OUT II--laquorms-IN

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79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

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82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

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S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

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I

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84



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50

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vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




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I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

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I 67






70

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lt R2 1meg

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88

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89




(lb)


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90




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~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

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--- 1-t-I

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1

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I I I I I

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I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

P iZampiiiElIIIEII



IOpuncteidecada


-40

200


20--~~shy I ~

30~ 1 I 1 l

01

-so


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24




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110

10

lOC


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25

r


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26

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35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



dq dvC

l =-=C-shyC dt dt

di V =dcD=L~


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2amp



bull ~

~

v

fi~ierul deie~ire










29

--








I hmiddot1




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ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I





Ij 30


fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

0511

lJ

J



cireuitului 100



~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




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s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

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3332

---


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f




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5

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~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

_10k

- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

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(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

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lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


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89




(lb)


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Tensiune capadtate

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I I _L_I_~



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I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


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2 3 4 5 6


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r


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35 Concluzii









41 Suport teoretilt


27



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v

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29

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I hmiddot1




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limp







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100

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I

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I

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43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

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35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




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200

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44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

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40






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44

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lr-


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54 Concluzii

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t 6tkns


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~~


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l t bullbullbull


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49

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bull bull I

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64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

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stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




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53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

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54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


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USA

v


55


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56


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22

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11 rl---t-- shy

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2

57

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-13

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deg4

____

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I bull I bull

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Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


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I I



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I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

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I I

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_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

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LOG10

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COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

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HIPASS1

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f


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70

) ~ J

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I

I I l I I I I


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I

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i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

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67





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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


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69

68





I


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70

I I ~I



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71 I




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73

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74



101 I I I


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R1



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75

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76



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0


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79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



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ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

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94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

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82

Q

10B

I

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V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

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XFB1

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PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


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I

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84



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86








11middot1ltgt

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--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

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6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

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4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

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I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


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I I I I I I An


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I I

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Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

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I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

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I I I I r

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_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94



dq dvC

l =-=C-shyC dt dt

di V =dcD=L~


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2amp



bull ~

~

v

fi~ierul deie~ire










29

--








I hmiddot1




At =~a+bI b

ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I





Ij 30


fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

0511

lJ

J



cireuitului 100



~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




I ~

lCtM---

IthS

lime



o R1

s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

WI 0 0 I

3332

---


] ] ]

]

f




R1

5

OSmH Vt

0o


~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

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cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

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44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

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1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

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G2 pound1IN OUT

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PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

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76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

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I -II I

I t bull I


I

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bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


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0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



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Thll~



HS1

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RMS

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0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

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94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

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I

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-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

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R1 Vres

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middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

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lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

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88

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6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

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89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





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90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

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I t I

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I

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I





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I I

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--- 1-t-I

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1

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I I I I r

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I I I I I

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I I _L_I_~



I f I I

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I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

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I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

--








I hmiddot1




At =~a+bI b

ktP1c =arctg-

I a

k

I





Ij 30


fA2 +42 + +A2 f~~ TllD[] =J 2) bull 100


limp







o Rl 2

100

( VI



31

rTT ~~ S

I

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lJ

J



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~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




I ~

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o R1

s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

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3332

---


] ] ]

]

f




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5

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0o


~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

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+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

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cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

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44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



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48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


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Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

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I 20v

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Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

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IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

I

0511

lJ

J



cireuitului 100



~ 0 o TOus Iol)o




I ~

lCtM---

IthS

lime



o R1

s

15 11

L1 lOSmH

WI 0 0 I

3332

---


] ] ]

]

f




R1

5

OSmH Vt

0o


~ J

t ltv4

I~~~~~~------~~--~~~----~--~

o V(Rll) ov(Rl2)

~

i t

I

(1

saraquo-S r IrA


Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


R1 Ill---S 2

t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

-T - I ~ -0

-0--0

35


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

_10k

- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

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i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

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1k

R5

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

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I

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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

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[ I

70

I I ~I



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fUi- -I

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71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


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fij1- - bull



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in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


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R1



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75

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t~ out

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76



t_


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79

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11 t 110bull



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ul u2 u3



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94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

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10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

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82

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10B

I

00 tble

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~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

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S3




XFB1

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PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

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I

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middot--0


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vv

86








11middot1ltgt

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-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


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TEMP

I 67






70

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lt R2 1meg

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91

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92 93

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104 Conduzii


j I

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1

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94

---


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f




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t ltv4

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i t

I

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Time

43j Ccruiu RC serie


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t ~ - 10k 10k

l Ct Vt11 ===

lC1

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-0--0

35


ace MaClo



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Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

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+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

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38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

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39

middot15

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-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

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0 0






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42

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U2

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44

-


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I

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I

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54 Concluzii

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t 6tkns


] ]

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J45

~~


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CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

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cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


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bull_~~

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I

I t

1

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49

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bull bull I

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64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


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50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

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stin1 stiA2



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52


I- l)1A




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-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

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54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


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U1

22

1

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11 rl---t-- shy

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2

57

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-13

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deg4

____

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I bull I bull

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I

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Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

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- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

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HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94


ace MaClo



o lOlls IOms




Rl 0

( Rl

200

L2 L2


1 1Cl eI1156UF 1~uF1 l0 0 To0

R2=4UC

44 Concluzii


36





52 Suport tcordie












37

-

]

]

]

] 1middot

]1 ]










+15 p

1V1 15 k

l 0

~

middot15

cr V2 -5

l --0

R1

2Qk

0

l~_ 16n

-=-0

RS

3011

C416n

1 -=-0

38

02

011+1148 R2

01 D1N4148

iraquo W K( Oul

R4

~











39

middot15

C416n R4




-SOII I I 1 I 0 10 20 30 OIlS SO 60





40






U2

[ c3 (r) I( 116n Lt

0 0






bV





111)

42

40~ iOMI 601
















U2

ltt middot15

C4c R4

-------+4-111 WV------shy10k

r3

_10k

- 0



44

-


lr-


bull 1 I ImiddotIfl


I

___ IL I I

I

I I I I

-I

~t

1 I




54 Concluzii

I

t 6tkns


] ]

]

J45

~~


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


CIOldlPW=1 -=-0

] PER=2 0


cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


It I t I bull







I bull

bull_~~

bull bull


bull I bull t

-- ---- ~~

bullbull It bull

-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

bull bull I

----~-----I




I



-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

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7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







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0

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62


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(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

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LOG10

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COS

TAJ

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64






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Frequency

66



lt





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67





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92 Suport teor~tic




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69

68





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ref

73

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74



101 I I I


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76



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78

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79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

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94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




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K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






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R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

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10B

I

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~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

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84



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I I I I I 1 I I I I

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I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

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--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

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TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

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lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


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1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

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88

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89




(lb)


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90




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40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


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91

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I I



104 Conduzii


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1

2 3 4 5 6


94

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44

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TR QOIU TO O1u


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cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


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bull_~~

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bull I bull t

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-----r--~--- -----r---~- t -~---~--~--- --1---~--1--- --~--~--1---_J ___ L __ J ____ ___ L __ J ___ ___ L __ J __ _~J ~_J

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----~-----I




I



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48



I

I t

1

I f


49

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2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

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stin1 stiA2



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52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

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54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



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tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

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- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

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I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

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_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

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-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

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I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

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i

Frequency

66



lt





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92 Suport teor~tic




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7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







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0

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62


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(GAIN) DIFF

63










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LOG10

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66



lt





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67





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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


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69

68





I


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70

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n


fij1- - bull



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in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



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+2v


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74



101 I I I


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R1



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75

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G2 pound1IN OUT

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PARAMETERS H-1

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76



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I

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t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

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1011 I bull


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0


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0


78

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79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






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R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

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V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

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I

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-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

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f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

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100

50

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I I I I I 1 I I I I

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I I I I I I I I

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I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

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(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

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lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

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88

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89




(lb)


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90




Tensiune capadtate

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40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


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91

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92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94


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44

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l t bullbullbull


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bull_~~

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----~-----I




I



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48



I

I t

1

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49

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-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

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-


73



Aplicatii practice


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54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

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56


G1AltJI G2

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tIGr~ Bl1S

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DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

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2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

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I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


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1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

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I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

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_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

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-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

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lOOKl

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I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

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67





-6001 t I

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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

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[ I

70

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fUi- -I

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U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


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R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

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- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

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G2 pound1IN OUT

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PARAMETERS H-1

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76



t_


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I ~ - J

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I

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bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

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Ill

0


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0


78

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79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

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94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






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R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

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I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

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82

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10B

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~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

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S3




XFB1

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PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

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84



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I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

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vv

86








11middot1ltgt

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-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

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I 67






70

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lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


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91

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I

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92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

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1

2 3 4 5 6


94


I Time




TR QOIU TO O1u


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cload 10p 1 ~T - 0





l t bullbullbull


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I bull

bull_~~

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I

I t

1

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49

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l




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bull bull I

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64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

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-


73



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mt100f SU12(JJf

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54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

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56


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~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

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U1

22

1

G1 G2



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11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

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2

57

zo

-13

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rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

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I bull I bull

~

_~

I

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1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



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I 20v

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Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


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I I



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I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

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I I

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_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

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IIl(x)

log())

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HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

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~ I

lOOKl

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I

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i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

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1k

R5

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V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

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84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




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I eroa re esireQ -0


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69

68





I


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70

I I ~I



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71 I




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Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


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n


fij1- - bull



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in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


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Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


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R1



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I






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75

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G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


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V2

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~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

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middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

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6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

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_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

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I

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I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


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I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

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I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

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_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94


-xl






48



I

I t

1

I f


49

-shyII

-


l




2Su I j




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----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

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G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

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bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

-


l




2Su I j




bull bull I

----~ ~---~---- shy ~- _ shy t - -_ - shy --shy


----~-~---~~-~---I


cload

Aplicatll


64 Concluzli




b


71 Obiective



72 Suport 1eorctic




cpmpleta ca maijos


~ valoarea 1 51

50







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94







I


I middot I I


I I middot

I I I


stin1 stiA2



I 1



52


I- l)1A




D~ lftpltUiamiddot

53

-


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94


73



Aplicatii practice


mt100f SU12(JJf

(JJf1 tJJl2

I -=t -shy


54


bull J


~~

t



UIA


v


Slim4 v

DSTM4

USA

v


55


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


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El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


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V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

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I I I I




R1 Vres

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GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

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6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

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I

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-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

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_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94


snnOUT STH20UT

OUT1

OUT2

STM40UT

UItAB OUT3









56


G1AltJI G2

rJ PO 1rri~l P1 ~P2



~---~04 -----I05--_---J Q6_--=__--l 07

tIGr~ Bl1S

(

DIGIlAL sus 2

U1

22

1

G1 G2



U2



11 rl---t-- shy

zo elayed 13

_delayed V3-V4

2

57

zo

-13

elayed 11

rdelayed V1-V2

deg4

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

____

___ __


I bull I bull

~

_~

I

- +1 ~--r-r-


-t-~---- ---r-rshy -4--~-1----~--~-- -9---~-



1 I I I I I 1











I





I I I - -1- - to - -I- shy



COV~

I I

0 of






I 20v

_





Time

58 59


- I 1





-I--~- __ ~_~ __ ~_ -~--~~~---~-~---I I bull l II I II I






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

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I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94






1 I - -- - r - T - i - -- r bull


1 1 I 1 ---~--r-shy

bull 1 _L _J_~ ~_ 1 1 I __

-~_~ __ h_

- - 4-

CAl I I I f ~ I ~ 1





-4QAA ~ 11 1




I I



Ti~









I r I 1 1 ~ bull It


t I I I I-------- --l--r--T-shy__ J __ J __ J ____ ~ __ 1 __ ~ __

I I 1 ~ I I I __ __ ~_1 __ --~--T--~--



Frequency

7~ Concluzii



6160




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94




81 Obiective


82 Suport teorctic







El R2

0

-0


62


-amp-~-~shy_ ~_J_~ _ _ _J __ __ _ l _ ___




t~ -- _l_ _ -1-shyl _ _ bull__

~--~shyI I --~shy

-+-~-~shy

-~-~--~shy_ I_J_~_ _ _J__ ~_

I I

1 __1 __ -_ _ J __ __ I _ -i--l---shy- shy - - 1-shy

- 1 - shy -l- ---1--1-shy

_ -l __1__ _

~ ~---L _ i I-t----r-I i t



_ - -1- shy t - - shy -t- -I -



0 V(Il21) v_v2








(GAIN) DIFF

63










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94










ABM31l


SQRT

PWR

PWRS

lOG

LOG10

EXP SLiI

COS

TAJ

ATAN

ARCTAN

64






Ixl Xll2

IXII to1

xU

IIl(x)

log())

e sin Ix)

coslx

lunx)

tan I (x)

(]Jll (xl





HIPASS1

J -=-0

f


(is

70

) ~ J

fmiddot

i l



I

I I l I I I I


raquo

II i

-----1-----t--~--f---------- ----- ----~--~-I~~~--~~ ---------- --~--i---------- I --_ shy~-- -~----------~-----

~ I

lOOKl

----~----------~----- --------- --------- ~----~----------~-----~-----------~~--~---------~----- -----~----- I I -----~--------------- -------~--

I

-----T-----_____ L ____ _

I-----T------1501 I I



i

Frequency

66



lt





~l00Hi _~-------------Il

lOPASS r-- 100Hi1

$50~~H I-I~lt--I

R3ltshy1k lt vre

VIE R4

1k

R5

1k

-------11 ~ 10fa 1dB-50d9

V3 Vtl3 t

RB

1 lt--0

o

67





-6001 t I

-----1- ---- ~ ---------_rmiddot----

I -----r---------j--------r----

_____ L ___ _

I

----1----____ A ___ _



84 Concluzii





92 Suport teor~tic




-J

I eroa re esireQ -0


J J






69

68





I


tmlmll r

I I I


[ I

70

I I ~I



UI

ootector FlIlll


fUi- -I

10I I ~t~J

lt



U1

DDetector Faza

71 I




E3Deteclor Faza


Input Detector Faza

o iln U2


ref

Outpul CIa Error

omiddot


U3 U4



n


fij1- - bull



Zoomlnmiddot



in out

ref

73

-


in t=gt





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



~-o7v 1y +()v

+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


-t-t-i- ~~-~-~----~-t-~----~-f-t- --~-~rt~

R1



OUI



-7middot ~ - ~ I i ~ ~- ~ -~ d ~ --- -~ - - - -- -- - +shy

C1 O4nF

I






- C2 Tine 170nF I









75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

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11middot1ltgt

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I 67






70

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79

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I 67






70

C1

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control y

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1V R1 1G V


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88

_~ 7$

electroriice




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74



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79

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82

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(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

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PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

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70

C1

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88

_~ 7$

electroriice




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79

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00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

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I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

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I





I I


I

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-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


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I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

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I I I I I

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- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94





R3

in cgt Wi 36k



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+2v


-----lll In aUla

Y4 -10 T4 100m Y3 10 T3 BOm V210 T2= 40m Y1 0 T1 l

74



101 I I I


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75

~ j





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

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bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

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I


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1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

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I _ oJ bull I I I




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0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

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I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

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I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94





G2 pound1IN OUT

-=-0



PARAMETERS H-1

t~ out

-L 0



76



t_


~V1 - bull

V2

------OAMout



~ FREQ=10KHz

-=-0


20U~~-r-~~~~--r---~-----


I ~ - J

- Ishy

I I

-2 IlU I I J

I -II I

I t bull I


I

- -~ I I

bull I

t bull bull I


I I J I _~~_J __~_J __

I II f I

I


The 77



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94



1011 I bull


-11111 I I Os 051115 101lls

I IV- w _Allt _I_ I

I _ oJ bull I I I




Ill

0


)f----o DOlte Out

0


78

1CU-d_ Do i 1I 1

au r- l f L 1 1 r r



OIJ



Thll~



HS1

OUT II--laquorms-IN

RMS

HS2

-IN OUT~

0 HYS


79

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

____


bull tfiiii bull


11 t 110bull



(

ul u2 u3



Tpoundmodulat (

_Lmiddot 0


94 Concluzli


80

bull ~-------------



101 Obiective




103 Apllcati~




Bead 1 Bead 2


K = (N) -(0417 +3AJL IOg(~ri)) 81






Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

_ L _ low _1_



89




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





I bull t









90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

__

I t I

-- --- i shyt

I

~tt T - -( shyIt

-~-~-~


I





I I


I

I 1

-=-0


I 1 Itt 1 -~~-~-- -~-~~-~- -~-+-~-~--~-~--+




I I I I I I An


I I I I I I I I 2M


I I

~-~-~--~ --1-shy II t I t t ~_~__L_



Tine


_1_ -I ~_l_

I j t 1 I 1 bull J


--- 1-t-I

_~~_~__

I I I 1 bull t f I -~~--1-

1

bull I I bull

_ -1- _1_ _

I I I I r

-r - -- 1shyt I I

_-_IJ I I

- -j- -1-shyI I I I

_ -I- _ __~

I I I I I

- r -r -r -shyt 1 I

- ~ -I _- _ _ I I bull I I

-r--f-r--l shy I

I I _L_I_~



I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

_~_+_~_~ __ ~4--~-I I f I

I

I

J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94





Apllcatll


R1 Y

l1 fVVVI

C1


I ~ ~


10003=r------r-------__--___------

100

10

110

FREfJIJOCY

82

Q

10B

I

00 tble

V(IN+TNI(OOJO2)

~ -14 000)(10 014)(-8 017) 6023) (middot4 037)(2 077) 1011)(01)(1011)

(2 077) (4 0i7) (6 023) (9017)(10014)(14000)

L1 3uH

R1 111







S3




XFB1

RIH 01


PARAMETERS TURNS= 1

LOAD IS


w_~ __ ~~~_a

I

bull ----1--- --I

-------~-------bull

I

- middot--- r--

bull ____ ------t------- bull _____ _Ot I I I ----~--~--~-~-- -------~--------------


-40 I gtlt1 ~



84



pe curba

a mICpoundUIU





f=UmiddotJlR






__ __

I I I I

II [I ~_-I

I I I I




R1 Vres

2 bull I V1

GVALUE


middot--0


100

50

I t I I I




I I I I I 1 I I I I

I 1

I I I I I I I I

-T-~--r-1- ---~-r---I


-1+ _ - _ _ __1_ - )- - - -1- - - --I--~-~--~- _~ ~__~

I I I I I I I I 1 a I l _J__ ____ __ ~_~_ ~_~_~



vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

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--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


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89




(lb)


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~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


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91

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I I I I I I I I

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vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




-~i- -~--~--- ---middot--~--~---f--- --~---~-~-----~--~--- ---~---~~-~---~- --~-7-

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--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

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(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

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4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


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90




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40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


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91

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104 Conduzii


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2 3 4 5 6


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100

50

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vv

86








11middot1ltgt

-=-0 -=-0




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I I 1 ___ l ____ ~__ __ _200Kv~ ---r------ T _1__ _

--- t-~i -~~-----r---~--~---T---~--4---

l00Kv+-__~__~~~_J___4---L---L---L---L~~--~--~ I f j ---r---r-----T--- --~---


(]V 50 bull 0-50 o r c v(ll-)

TEMP

I 67






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


- - -1- t I j I

_ J _- _1_1_ I







4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


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90




Tensiune capadtate

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40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


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91

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92 93

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104 Conduzii


j I

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1

2 3 4 5 6


94






70

C1

L1 (10mH

control y

lt R2 1meg

1V R1 1G V


--0


1OV~I--~~--~-Y--------------------~----------------r---~

O5V


88

_~ 7$

electroriice




6~r-c~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~-~~~--~-9~~- -~-~~-~- ~-~-~~-----1- _

I I 1 I


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4- t t -IshyI I i I

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89




(lb)


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90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

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40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


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91

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92 93

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104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94




(lb)


Q == J C(V dV





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90




Tensiune capadtate

o ~le-6 20 124e-6

~

40 lS6e-6 60 196e-6


J _





91

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92 93

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104 Conduzii


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94

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I f I I

--~-l--r-I I I It


I I Ill t ~-~-r-t--~-~-T-r-

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J I I I



92 93

I I



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94



104 Conduzii


j I

I I


1

2 3 4 5 6


94

Documents

1. Proiectare Asistata a Circuitelor Electronice --- Aplicatii-transfer Ro-01sep-89bd83