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Land use planning on MQ Study Land use planning on MQ Study areaarea

Frame work of the study documentFrame work of the study document

IntroductionIntroduction planning objectivesplanning objectives description of the study areadescription of the study area development objectives, potential and development objectives, potential and

problemproblem Indicative land use planIndicative land use plan scope of the plan and Recommended planning scope of the plan and Recommended planning

zoneszones

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1.INTRODUCTION1.INTRODUCTION

The study area covers the low land parts of The study area covers the low land parts of Metema-Quara woreda ,North Gonder Adm. ZoneMetema-Quara woreda ,North Gonder Adm. Zone

The area is identified as a high agricultural The area is identified as a high agricultural potential areapotential area

The planning area has a total area of The planning area has a total area of 256056256056haha Its total population is about Its total population is about 1871018710 The population density is about The population density is about 7.317.31 person per person per

km2km2 The population growth is about The population growth is about 2.232.23 % per annum % per annum As a result average arable area per family has As a result average arable area per family has

been continuously reduced and pushed to fragile been continuously reduced and pushed to fragile forest areasforest areas

The livestock population (The livestock population (3769437694 in number)does in number)does not exceed over the carrying capacity of feed not exceed over the carrying capacity of feed resources of the arearesources of the area

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2.Planning objectives2.Planning objectives

Describing the extent and distribution of Describing the extent and distribution of natural resources of the planning areanatural resources of the planning area

Describing the current land use system and Describing the current land use system and identifying their constraints/problemsidentifying their constraints/problems

Evaluating development potential and develop Evaluating development potential and develop alternative strategies to conserve and exploit alternative strategies to conserve and exploit rationally the natural resourcesrationally the natural resources

Expanding the production of exportable Expanding the production of exportable agricultural products agricultural products

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3.description of the project 3.description of the project areaarea

3.1.Geographical location3.1.Geographical location

The study areas -part of Metema and Quara The study areas -part of Metema and Quara woredas of North Gondar Adm. zoneworedas of North Gondar Adm. zone

-lies between -lies between 12015’ and 12o 45’N and 12015’ and 12o 45’N and 35030’ and 3601535030’ and 36015 E E

It covers an area of It covers an area of 25605ha25605ha 52.3%52.3% of the study area is plain land and of the study area is plain land and

undulating plainundulating plain 47.747.7 % of the % of the study area is hills and mountains study area is hills and mountains

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3.2 3.2 Natural resourcesNatural resources

3.2.1 physiography, geology and soils3.2.1 physiography, geology and soils It is characterized by plains, hills and mountainsIt is characterized by plains, hills and mountains Hills and mountains are found scattered in the Hills and mountains are found scattered in the

study areastudy area Plain lands cover most part of the areaPlain lands cover most part of the area Geological conditions of the area has a Geological conditions of the area has a

contribution for the present land formcontribution for the present land form Land forms governed drainage patterns and flow Land forms governed drainage patterns and flow

directionsdirections Dominant soil types are vertisols, leptosols, Dominant soil types are vertisols, leptosols,

regosolsregosols Vertisols occur dominantly on plain landsVertisols occur dominantly on plain lands

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ContinuedContinued

3.2.2 Climate3.2.2 Climate The study area falls in wet kola zone (rainfall The study area falls in wet kola zone (rainfall

and altitude)and altitude) Its temperature range is Its temperature range is 202000C and 30C and 3000 C C mean mean

min, and mean max respectivelymin, and mean max respectively The area is characterized by summer rain with The area is characterized by summer rain with

annual rainfall of about 700--1200mmannual rainfall of about 700--1200mm The rainfall pattern is unimodal (occurs from The rainfall pattern is unimodal (occurs from

June- September)June- September)

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ContinuedContinued

3.2.3 Hydrology 3.2.3 Hydrology The western highlands act as recharging The western highlands act as recharging

zoneszones The eastern lowlands receive the rain water The eastern lowlands receive the rain water

through natural courses of actionthrough natural courses of action The means of exploring ground water The means of exploring ground water

practiced in the area arepracticed in the area are Shallow hand dug wellsShallow hand dug wells Developed springsDeveloped springs Drilled shallows and deep wellsDrilled shallows and deep wells

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ConutiuedConutiued

3.2.4. Natural Forest3.2.4. Natural ForestNatural forests are habitats for wild animalsNatural forests are habitats for wild animalsThe total area covered is about 90277.68ha The total area covered is about 90277.68ha (35.26%)(35.26%)

Natural forests are cleared out continuously, Natural forests are cleared out continuously, as a result forest areas are changed to farm as a result forest areas are changed to farm landslands. .

3.3.. Human Resources3.3.. Human Resources 3.3.1.Population size and density3.3.1.Population size and density

The total population is about The total population is about 1871018710 The average population density is The average population density is 7.317.31

persons/km2persons/km2 Family size is Family size is 3.333.33/ household/ household

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ContinuedContinued

3.3.2. Labour supply3.3.2. Labour supply age groups below 15 and above 60 are excluded for age groups below 15 and above 60 are excluded for

estimating labour availabilityestimating labour availability age groups between 15 and 60 are considered as the age groups between 15 and 60 are considered as the

most active onesmost active ones female labour mainly involve in food processing and female labour mainly involve in food processing and

child carechild care male labour participates only in agricultural male labour participates only in agricultural

activitiesactivities

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ContinuedContinued

3.4. Agricultural production3.4. Agricultural production

3.4.1. Crops and crop production3.4.1. Crops and crop production sesame and cotton are the major and sesame and cotton are the major and

important cash cropsimportant cash crops other important crops are sorghum and maizeother important crops are sorghum and maize sweet potato and tomato are locally grown in sweet potato and tomato are locally grown in

the area the area teff , chickpea and sweet potato are teff , chickpea and sweet potato are

introduced by settlersintroduced by settlers papaya, rice, soyabean, sweet potato and papaya, rice, soyabean, sweet potato and

tomato are newly introduced crops and have tomato are newly introduced crops and have good performancegood performance

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ContinuedContinued

3.4.1.1 crop husbandry practices3.4.1.1 crop husbandry practices clearing and tillage operation are included clearing and tillage operation are included

as part of land preparationas part of land preparation forest trees are cut and burnt(keep wild forest trees are cut and burnt(keep wild

life away)life away) trees are not integrated in the cropping trees are not integrated in the cropping

systemsystem land is usually cleared between February land is usually cleared between February

and marchand march tillage follows immediately after clearingtillage follows immediately after clearing weeding and sesame harvesting are the weeding and sesame harvesting are the

most labour intensive activities(‘debo’, most labour intensive activities(‘debo’, hired labour)hired labour)

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ContinuedContinued

3.4.2 livestock production3.4.2 livestock production 3.4.2.1Total number and types3.4.2.1Total number and types total livestock population –total livestock population –

37694(23521.44TLU)37694(23521.44TLU) 87.33% is cattle population followed by sheep 87.33% is cattle population followed by sheep

and goat and goat cattle are the most important livestock typecattle are the most important livestock type3.4.2.2 Feed source and management3.4.2.2 Feed source and management the major feeding method is free grazingthe major feeding method is free grazing natural pastures, Crop residues and aftermath natural pastures, Crop residues and aftermath

are feed resourcesare feed resources natural feed sources are poorly managed natural feed sources are poorly managed

(create shortage)(create shortage) but the area has considerable potential for but the area has considerable potential for

livestock productionlivestock production

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ContinuedContinued

3.5. Rural Infrastructure3.5. Rural Infrastructure

3.5.1 Rural road3.5.1 Rural road most parts of the area are not accessiblemost parts of the area are not accessible All weather roads from Azezo to metema All weather roads from Azezo to metema

yohans has economic importance (produces yohans has economic importance (produces and goods)and goods)

There other dry weather roads are also There other dry weather roads are also important for transporting farm producec important for transporting farm producec (from production sits and villages)(from production sits and villages)

3.5.2. Rural water supply3.5.2. Rural water supply Water supply is poorly developed ( there is Water supply is poorly developed ( there is

no access to clean water)no access to clean water)

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ContinuedContinued

3.5.3 Market facility3.5.3 Market facility Local and woreda market facilities are availableLocal and woreda market facilities are available The community sells and buys farm produces and The community sells and buys farm produces and

goodsgoods Surplus products and live animals are brought to Surplus products and live animals are brought to

marketsmarkets Price fluctuation occurs between post and pre- Price fluctuation occurs between post and pre-

harvest monthsharvest months 3.5.4 Health and education facilities3.5.4 Health and education facilities The most common human diseases is malariaThe most common human diseases is malaria It occurs in all parts of the study areasIt occurs in all parts of the study areas Causes considerable loss of productionCauses considerable loss of production The available health facilities are hardly accessibleThe available health facilities are hardly accessible Schools are in adequate in distributionSchools are in adequate in distribution

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4.1. 4.1. Development objectives, potentials, Development objectives, potentials, problemsproblems

4.1.Development objectives4.1.Development objectives

Intensify and expand agricultural Intensify and expand agricultural productionproduction Secure and intensify livestock productionSecure and intensify livestock production Protect environmentally sensitive areasProtect environmentally sensitive areas Provide possible recommendations to Provide possible recommendations to

specific local conditionsspecific local conditions

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ContinuedContinued

4.2. Development potentials4.2. Development potentialsAim of agricultural production is to increase Aim of agricultural production is to increase

production and bring food securityproduction and bring food security As compared to the other parts, the area has As compared to the other parts, the area has

potential for agricultural productionpotential for agricultural production It has a good potential for increasing livestock feed It has a good potential for increasing livestock feed

resourcesresources But need improved feed resources managementBut need improved feed resources management Roads and markets are important to increase Roads and markets are important to increase

income from animalsincome from animals The natural forest is under pressureThe natural forest is under pressure It needs conservation and management (serve as a It needs conservation and management (serve as a

green belt to protect intensification of Sahara green belt to protect intensification of Sahara desert)desert)

latish is parts of potential area- located in the study latish is parts of potential area- located in the study areaarea

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ContinuedContinued

4.3.Development constraints4.3.Development constraints4.3.1 Low crop productivity4.3.1 Low crop productivity

1.Poor soil drainage (Water holding characteristics 1.Poor soil drainage (Water holding characteristics of vertisol)of vertisol)

Plain land have vertisolsPlain land have vertisols2.Pests and disease -Pests and disease of crops2.Pests and disease -Pests and disease of crops weed infestationweed infestation wild animalswild animals3.Labour shortages - in the time of weeding and 3.Labour shortages - in the time of weeding and

harvesting periodsharvesting periods4.Draught oxen shortages – A critical pre condition 4.Draught oxen shortages – A critical pre condition

for crop productionfor crop production Very significant at the time of sowingVery significant at the time of sowing robbing is one of the major carobbing is one of the major causesuses

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ContinuedContinued

5. Improved Inputs - fertilizers are 5. Improved Inputs - fertilizers are requiredrequired improved seeds withstanding water loggingimproved seeds withstanding water logging Inavailability of farm tools such as (broad Inavailability of farm tools such as (broad

bed and furrows-maker )bed and furrows-maker )

6.Irrigation technology- traditional 6.Irrigation technology- traditional irrigation along perennial riversirrigation along perennial rivers lack of improved technologies, seeds, and lack of improved technologies, seeds, and

extension services - limited irrigation extension services - limited irrigation developmentdevelopment

Bad lands -severely degraded areasBad lands -severely degraded areas miss utilization of natural resources/causes/miss utilization of natural resources/causes/

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ContinuedContinued

4.3.2. Low livestock productivity4.3.2. Low livestock productivity1.Disease and parasites –Health service centers 1.Disease and parasites –Health service centers

are feware few-They are found scattered-They are found scattered-Endemic and debilitating disease-Endemic and debilitating disease-Tick- born and internal parasite-Tick- born and internal parasite- May result low calving, poor skin quality and - May result low calving, poor skin quality and

low draught powerlow draught power 2. Feed sources – Poorly managed and free 2. Feed sources – Poorly managed and free

grazinggrazing- Supply and palatability of feeds decreases as - Supply and palatability of feeds decreases as

dry seasons progressdry seasons progress- Results in short milking period- Results in short milking period

3. Robbing of animals (robbing is a very serious 3. Robbing of animals (robbing is a very serious problem)problem)

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ContinueContinuedd

4. 4. Poor access to marketingPoor access to marketing no good marketing access for selling no good marketing access for selling

productsproducts

prices are dis- incentive to farmersprices are dis- incentive to farmers4.3.3.Low forest productivity4.3.3.Low forest productivity

Deforestation - The natural forest is Deforestation - The natural forest is fragilefragile

Forests are destructed progressivelyForests are destructed progressively Fire burning, mis -utilization, expansion of Fire burning, mis -utilization, expansion of

farming, free grazing are the causesfarming, free grazing are the causes Park potential area(Alatish) is not protectedPark potential area(Alatish) is not protected

Incense forest – significant area is covered Incense forest – significant area is covered with incense forestwith incense forest

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ContinueContinuedd

It is poorly managedIt is poorly managed Methods of production is distructiveMethods of production is distructive Inaccessibility also hampers the use and Inaccessibility also hampers the use and

management of incense forestsmanagement of incense forests4.3.4. Water supply 4.3.4. Water supply - inaccessibility to pure - inaccessibility to pure

water (most parts)water (most parts) The communities are exposed to water- The communities are exposed to water-

born diseasesborn diseases women travel long distances for fetching of women travel long distances for fetching of

waterwater4.3.5. Accessibility – 4.3.5. Accessibility – Most partsMost parts are are

inaccessible with motor-driven vehiclesinaccessible with motor-driven vehicles (The poor road net work has a negative (The poor road net work has a negative

impact on marketing agricultural products)impact on marketing agricultural products)

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5.Indicative Land use 5.Indicative Land use planplan

5.1.Land use development strategies5.1.Land use development strategies1. 1. High input rainfed crop productionHigh input rainfed crop production Increasing crop production through increased Increasing crop production through increased

use of inputs/ seeds, fertilizers and chemicals/use of inputs/ seeds, fertilizers and chemicals/ Investments for land improvements Investments for land improvements

/e.g,improving drainage//e.g,improving drainage/ Focusing on commercial crops/sesame, cotton/Focusing on commercial crops/sesame, cotton/ ( has ( has suitable physical environment suitable physical environment

to meet requirement)to meet requirement) Access to markets/to obtain inputs and Access to markets/to obtain inputs and

produces/produces/ Extension services/technical assistances/Extension services/technical assistances/ Credit facilities/ inputs required/Credit facilities/ inputs required/

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ContinuedContinued

2.Livestock feed production2.Livestock feed production Livestock is an essential part for crop Livestock is an essential part for crop

productionproduction (but feed sources are poorly managed and (but feed sources are poorly managed and

results in feed shortages in dry seasons)results in feed shortages in dry seasons) This strategy should focus on improving feed This strategy should focus on improving feed

production and managementproduction and management Focus : Focus : Forage biomass has to be properly Forage biomass has to be properly

managed and harvested at palatable stage managed and harvested at palatable stage Controlled grazing on pasture lands shall be Controlled grazing on pasture lands shall be

practicedpracticed Improved feed production on un cultivated Improved feed production on un cultivated

lands/ improved technologies for collecting& lands/ improved technologies for collecting& preparing forages/ preparing forages/

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ContinuedContinued

3.Improved livestock production3.Improved livestock production The area has a high potential for livestock The area has a high potential for livestock

productionproduction The potential has to be managed and The potential has to be managed and

improved by strategiesimproved by strategies The strategy should focus in improving and The strategy should focus in improving and

commercialization of livestock commercialization of livestock Requirements:- Requirements:- Improve management of the Improve management of the

feed resourcesfeed resources create access to marketscreate access to markets improve feeding systemsimprove feeding systems provide access to creditprovide access to credit create access to veterinary services create access to veterinary services

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ContinuedContinued

4.4.Intensive Livestock productionIntensive Livestock production The study area has a high livestock potentialThe study area has a high livestock potential It has to be managed properly/to gain maximum It has to be managed properly/to gain maximum

profit/profit/Requirements:- Requirements:- commercialization of the commercialization of the

livestock sector/through dairy and fattening/livestock sector/through dairy and fattening/ Create access to market and credit servicesCreate access to market and credit services Develop cooperatives/gain support for high costs/Develop cooperatives/gain support for high costs/

5.5.Development of AgricultureDevelopment of Agriculture Vegetation cover of the area is reliable potential Vegetation cover of the area is reliable potential

for apiculture developmentfor apiculture development Implement bee keeping/to improve cash income/Implement bee keeping/to improve cash income/ As a result the livelihood of the community will As a result the livelihood of the community will

be improvedbe improved

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ContinuedContinued6.Protection of ecologically sensitive areas6.Protection of ecologically sensitive areas

Natural forest of the area is the major parts Natural forest of the area is the major parts of the green beltof the green belt

It contributes for protecting the expansion of It contributes for protecting the expansion of the Sahara desertthe Sahara desert

Conserving forest resources is protecting Conserving forest resources is protecting ecologically fragile areasecologically fragile areas

But expansion of farm land creates pressure But expansion of farm land creates pressure on iton it

Possible opportunitiesPossible opportunities --Develop community -based eco-tourism/such Develop community -based eco-tourism/such

as Alatish/as Alatish/ --Community- based protection of natural Community- based protection of natural

forests/wild fire/forests/wild fire/ provide training to potential usersprovide training to potential users

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ContinuedContinued

7.7.Rural road networkRural road network Main and feeder rural roads are important Main and feeder rural roads are important

components of road netwokcomponents of road netwok Accessibility of remote areas is governed by Accessibility of remote areas is governed by

a route systema route system So, development of roads should aim at So, development of roads should aim at

improving accessibility of the area-would improving accessibility of the area-would improve marketing opportunities, exposure improve marketing opportunities, exposure to technologies, access to off-farm labour to technologies, access to off-farm labour and educationand education

Will help to develop potential area/dibaba, Will help to develop potential area/dibaba, afar, mehdid, Nefasgebeya,serferedi/afar, mehdid, Nefasgebeya,serferedi/

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ContinuedContinued

8.Agricultural extension services8.Agricultural extension services extension services are means to transfer extension services are means to transfer

information and improved technologiesinformation and improved technologies Create close contact of services giving staffs Create close contact of services giving staffs

with the userswith the users Inaccessibility and lack of transporting Inaccessibility and lack of transporting

mechanisms are obstacles to obtain servicesmechanisms are obstacles to obtain services

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6. 6. Scope of the plan and Recommended Scope of the plan and Recommended planning Zonesplanning Zones

6.1.Scope of the plan6.1.Scope of the plan

The land use plan comprises of activities for The land use plan comprises of activities for sustaining and expanding agricultural productionsustaining and expanding agricultural production

Thereby increases income of the populationThereby increases income of the population The plan provides framework for sustainable The plan provides framework for sustainable

development& recommendationsdevelopment& recommendations Recommendations focus on land units having Recommendations focus on land units having

similar constraints and potentials for agricultural similar constraints and potentials for agricultural productionproduction

It shows the kind of land use management and It shows the kind of land use management and utilization optionsutilization options

Potential users of the plan are the community, Potential users of the plan are the community, government, NGO, & agricultural investorsgovernment, NGO, & agricultural investors

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continuedcontinued

6.2.Recommended planning zones6.2.Recommended planning zonesIdentified planning zones are threeIdentified planning zones are three

Planning zones are classified based on land Planning zones are classified based on land forms, constraints and potentialsforms, constraints and potentials

As a general truth, planning zones are areas As a general truth, planning zones are areas with homogeneous resources typeswith homogeneous resources types

Recommendations are grouped according to Recommendations are grouped according to the planning zonesthe planning zones

Boundary of planning zones are determined Boundary of planning zones are determined based on land formsbased on land forms

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ContinuedContinued

Planning zone 1:Plain landsPlanning zone 1:Plain lands Shares the largest area coverage/133928.87ha(52.3%)/Shares the largest area coverage/133928.87ha(52.3%)/ The planning zone comprises of plains, undulating& The planning zone comprises of plains, undulating&

rolling plainsrolling plains The proportion of arable land is very significant as The proportion of arable land is very significant as

compared with other land usescompared with other land uses Accessibility is poor/but some dry weather road/Accessibility is poor/but some dry weather road/PotentialPotential Large area is moderately suitable for crop productionLarge area is moderately suitable for crop production Most part of the planning zone is highly suitable for Most part of the planning zone is highly suitable for

ricerice Major sources for animal feeds and grazing areas Major sources for animal feeds and grazing areas Accessible with dry weather road/to transport Accessible with dry weather road/to transport

agriculture produces/agriculture produces/ Has deep to very deep soilHas deep to very deep soil

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ContinuedContinued

ConstraintsConstraints almost all of the planning zones are covered almost all of the planning zones are covered

with vertisolswith vertisols a high risk of water-logging problem/reduce a high risk of water-logging problem/reduce

production/production/ water logging restricts livestock movementswater logging restricts livestock movements natural forests are destructed/farm natural forests are destructed/farm

expansion/expansion/ fire burning destroys forestsfire burning destroys forests inaccessible with all weather roadinaccessible with all weather road some farm lands are far from settlement some farm lands are far from settlement

areasareas

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ContinuedContinued

Development strategiesDevelopment strategies In order to alleviate the identified In order to alleviate the identified

constraints and problems in the planning constraints and problems in the planning zone, the following strategies are proposed;zone, the following strategies are proposed;

constructing broad beds and furrows/water constructing broad beds and furrows/water logging-vertisols/logging-vertisols/

improve livestock feeding/controlled grazing/improve livestock feeding/controlled grazing/ road networks should be improved and road networks should be improved and

constructed constructed access to improved and appropriate access to improved and appropriate

technologiestechnologies control pests and diseasescontrol pests and diseases

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ContinuedContinued

Expected impactsExpected impacts drainage problem/water logging will be drainage problem/water logging will be

improved/improved/ animal feed resources will managed, animal feed resources will managed,

improved and properly usedimproved and properly used all weather roads will create conducive all weather roads will create conducive

conditions for transportationconditions for transportation create access to health centerscreate access to health centers

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ContinuedContinued

Planning zone 2: Hills and mountainsPlanning zone 2: Hills and mountains Involves hills and mountain land formsInvolves hills and mountain land forms Covers an area of 102632.76ha /40.08%/Covers an area of 102632.76ha /40.08%/ Has limited proportion of arable landHas limited proportion of arable land Rather has a potential for forest developmentRather has a potential for forest development

PotentialsPotentials Most parts have incense forest and low land Most parts have incense forest and low land

bamboobamboo A good potential for apiculture developmentA good potential for apiculture development Habitat areas for wild lifeHabitat areas for wild life Part of the green belt/protect expansion of Part of the green belt/protect expansion of

Sahara desert/Sahara desert/ Ecologically valuable areaEcologically valuable area

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ContinuedContinued

ConstraintsConstraints Shallow to very shallow soil depthShallow to very shallow soil depth Covered by stones and rock out Covered by stones and rock out

crops/restrict root penetration/crops/restrict root penetration/ Topography limits expansion of cultivationTopography limits expansion of cultivation Hardly accessible to perform development Hardly accessible to perform development

activitiesactivities Incense is produced improperlyIncense is produced improperly Natural forest is not protectedNatural forest is not protected Deforestation or land degradationDeforestation or land degradation Over utilization of steep slope landsOver utilization of steep slope lands Natural forests are mis utilized and poorly Natural forests are mis utilized and poorly

managedmanaged Extensive/free grazing(destroys forests/Extensive/free grazing(destroys forests/

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ContinuedContinued

Development strategiesDevelopment strategies Protect ecologically sensitive Protect ecologically sensitive

areas/encroaching agriculture/areas/encroaching agriculture/ Area closure of the degraded areas from any Area closure of the degraded areas from any

contactscontacts Apply rules and regulations to avoid fire Apply rules and regulations to avoid fire

hazard/fire breaks/hazard/fire breaks/ Improve the method of production to Improve the method of production to

increase productivity of incense /provide increase productivity of incense /provide training, organize farmers/training, organize farmers/

Construct road networksConstruct road networks Promote apiculture and stimulate goat Promote apiculture and stimulate goat

productionproduction Apply controlled grazingApply controlled grazing

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ContinuedContinued

Expected impactsExpected impacts Strategies will improve the productivity of Strategies will improve the productivity of

the planning zonethe planning zone Protection of ecologically sensitive areas Protection of ecologically sensitive areas

will result in co-existence/between nature will result in co-existence/between nature and users/and users/

Un productive lands would be brought back Un productive lands would be brought back to productive usesto productive uses

As roads constructed, the area will be As roads constructed, the area will be accessibleaccessible

Apiculture will reduce livestock pressure on Apiculture will reduce livestock pressure on forest areas/by increasing income/forest areas/by increasing income/

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ContinuedContinuedPlanning Zone 3: Degraded/ plains, Hills and Planning Zone 3: Degraded/ plains, Hills and

Mountains/Mountains/ It covers degraded plains, hills and mountainsIt covers degraded plains, hills and mountains Its total area is about 19494.68ha/7.62%/Its total area is about 19494.68ha/7.62%/

Potentials Potentials Eco-tourism development/dominantly/Eco-tourism development/dominantly/

Constraints Constraints the problems are criticalthe problems are critical the planning components are not suitable the planning components are not suitable

for agriculturefor agriculture over-utilization of the resourcesover-utilization of the resources high risk of erosion/natural vegetations high risk of erosion/natural vegetations

removed/removed/ not easily accessiblenot easily accessible incense forests are mis-used and not incense forests are mis-used and not

protectedprotected no opportunities for livestock grazingno opportunities for livestock grazing

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ContinuedContinued

Development strategiesDevelopment strategies severely degraded areas shall be severely degraded areas shall be

protected from any contactprotected from any contact apply biological conservation apply biological conservation

measures/to protect erosion risk/measures/to protect erosion risk/ incense forests must be protected incense forests must be protected

and properly managedand properly managed ruminant vegetation cover shall be ruminant vegetation cover shall be

conserved and managedconserved and managed

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ContinuedContinued

Expected impactsExpected impacts severely degraded areas will be severely degraded areas will be

rehabilitated/conserve rain water, rehabilitated/conserve rain water, protect erosion damages/protect erosion damages/

vegetation will regenerate/serve as vegetation will regenerate/serve as sources of feed/sources of feed/

incense forests will be incense forests will be protected/increase production/protected/increase production/

roads will make the area accessibleroads will make the area accessible