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European Federation for Transport & Environment
Environmental Objectives Environmental Objectives
in Transport Planning in Transport Planning
by Karsten Krause
14 October 2004
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Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Objectives for Air Pollution
Conclusions
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About T&E
Members in: Austria Belgium Czech &
Slovak Rep Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Italy
Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland UK
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About T&E
Spanish Members:
Asociatión para a Defensa Ecolóxica de Galiza (ADEGA)
Ecologistas en accion
P.T.P. - Associao per la
promocio del transport public
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T&E Priorities
‘True’ Prices Climate Change and Energy Use Aviation Shipping Health and Quality of Life European Investment
in Transport
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Key Messages...
1.) Traffic Prevention1.) Traffic Prevention
2.) Modal Shift2.) Modal Shift
3.) 3.) OptimisationOptimisation
Getting the Prices RightGetting the Prices Right
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Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators, Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Objectives for Air Pollution
Conclusions
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Transport Problems
Economic Problems Congestion Fuel Supply
Environmental Problems Atmospheric Pollution Land Fragmentation
Social Problems Safety Risks Health Impact
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A Sustainable Transport System...
...allows basic access and development needs of individuals, companies and societies to be met safely and in a manner consistent with human and ecosystem health, and promises equity within and between successive generations
...is affordable, operates fairly and efficiently, offers choice of transport mode, and supports a competitive economy, as well as balanced regional development
...limits emissions and waste within the planet’s ability to absorb them, uses renewable resources at or below their rates of generation, and, uses non-renewable resources at or below the rates of development of renewable substitutes while minimising the impact on land and the generation of noise
(Council of the EU 2001.)
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Environmental Indicators & Objectives
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Environmental Indicators & Objectives
Indicator
Def.: A numerical measure of quality, representing data that have been collected.
Best known indicator: Human Body Temperature Direct Environmental Indicators:
CO2 Emission / GDP UnitBiodiversity / Square Kilometre
Indirect Environmental Indicators:Cars / Inhabitants Population Density
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Environmental Indicators & Objectives
Benchmark
Def.: A measurement or standard that serves as a point of reference by which process performance is measured.
Best known benchmark: 37 °C Benchmarks:
Per Capita Comparison Historic Comparison
EURO Emission Standards€ Convergence Criteria
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Environmental Indicators & Objectives
Objective
Def.: A goal intended to be attained and which is believed to be attainable. Could be qualitative or quantitative.
Best known objectives: reduce fever / stay healthy Environmental Objectives:
EU Air Quality Standards UNFCCC / Kyoto Commitments
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TERM Indicators
TERM Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism European Environment Agency / European
Commission Indicator-based reporting Initiated in early 1998. Output:
reports through which the effectiveness of transport and environment integration strategies are monitored.
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TERM Indicators
Groups Environmental consequences of transport Transport demand and intensity Spatial planning and accessibility Supply of transport infrastructure and services Transport costs and prices Technology and utilisation efficiency Management integration
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How is the EU doing?
ZERO indicators show sufficient improvement
European Environment Agency: 27 indicators on sustainable development:
6 indicators lack sufficient data
13 indicators have become worse !
8 indicators have not shown progress
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Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Atmospheric Pollutants from Road Transport
Conclusions
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Transport Market
Movement MarketMovement Market Activities in the Society Spatial Structure
Transport MarketTransport Market Movement Patterns Transport Means & Services
Traffic MarketTraffic Market Transport Streams Infrastructure
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Outline
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Outline
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Transport Market Outcomes
Economic Economic OutcomesOutcomes
EnvironmentalEnvironmentalOutcomesOutcomes
Social Social OutcomesOutcomes
AccessibilityTransport operation costProductivity /EfficiencyCosts toeconomyBenefits toEconomy
Ressource useDirect Ecological intrusionEmissions to airEmissions to soil and waterNoiseWaste
Accessibility and affordabilitySafety and securityFitness & healthLiveabilityEquityWorking conditions in transport sector
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Outline
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Outline
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Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Objectives for Air Pollution
Conclusions
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Environmental Objectives
Planning Process Cost-/Benefit Analysis Strategic Environmental Assessemt (SEA)
Environmental Minimum Standards Respecting Existing Environmental Legislation Positive Contribution to Policy
EU / National Commitments
Environmental Objectives Reducing Transport Demand Modal Shift Reducing Environmental Impact
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TERM Indicators
Groups Environmental consequences of transport Transport demand and intensity Spatial planning and accessibility Supply of transport infrastructure and services Transport costs and prices Technology and utilisation efficiency Management integration
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TERM01: Environmental consequences of transport
T01 Transport final energy consumption by mode T02 Transport emissions of greenhouse gases by mode T03 Transport emissions of air pollutants by mode T04 Exceedance of air quality objectives (due to traffic) T05 Exposure to and annoyance by traffic noise T06 Fragmentation of ecosystems and habitats T07 Proximity of infrastructure to designated areas T08 Land take by transport infrastructure T09 Number of transport accidents, fatalities and injured T10 Accidental oil spills, illegal discharges from marine shipping T11 Generation of waste
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TERM02: Transport demand and intensity
T12 Passenger transport demand by mode and purpose
T13 Freight transport demand by mode and group of goods
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TERM03: Spatial planning and accessibility
T14 Access to basic services (average passenger journey time and length per
mode,
T15 Regional accessibility of markets and cohesion
T16 Access to transport services
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TERM04: Supply of transport infrastructure and services
T18 Capacity of transport infrastructure networks
T19 Investments in transport infrastructure (per capita and by mode)
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TERM05: Transport costs and prices
T20 Transport prices (real change in passenger and freight transport price by mode)
T21 Fuel prices and taxes T22 Transport taxes and charges T23 Subsidies T24 Expenditure on personal mobility by income group T25 External costs of transport T26 Internalisation of external costs
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TERM06: Technology and utilisation efficiency
T27 Overall energy efficiency and specific CO2 emissions (per passenger-km and per tonne-km and by mode)
T28 Emissions per passenger-km and per tonne-km (NOx ,NMVOCs,PM 10 ,SOx by mode)
T29 Occupancy rates of passenger vehicles T30 Load factors for freight transport T31 Uptake of cleaner and alternative fuels T32 Size and composition of the vehicle fleet T33 Average age of the vehicle fleet T34 Proportion of vehicle fleet meeting certain emission
standards (by mode)
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TERM07: Management Integration
T35 Number of Member States that implement an integrated strategy
T36 Institutional cooperation in transport and environment T37 Number of Member States with a national transport and
environment monitoring system T38 Uptake of strategic environmental assessment in the
transport sector T40 Public awareness and behaviour
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Strategic Environment Assessment
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Strategic Environment Assessment (1/2)
SEA, a holistic approach that considers the projected environmental impacts over time of multiple actions within a region or ecosystem.
SEA provides decision-makers with information, strategies and actual and projected information on environmental effects.
SEA enable policy makers to anticipate effects on species, habitats and ecological processes that site-specific studies do not capture.
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Strategic Environment Assessment (2/2)
SEA assessment elements:
Habitat mappingRisk analysisSensitivity mappingCost- /Benefit Ratios
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Air Quality in London
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Air Quality in London
Road Transport
Road Transport
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Air Quality and Road Transport
Options to achieve better air quality
Restrict access to sensitive areas
Price incentives
Stricter emission standards
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Outline
Environmental-sound Transport Systems Sustainable Transport Indicators,Benchmarks & Objectives
Driving Forces of the Transport Market 3 Market Model Driving Forces
Environmental Objectives in Transport Plans From TERM Indicators to Transport Targets Example: Objectives for Air Pollution
Conclusions
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Conclusions
Sustainability Perspective on the Transport Plan
Integration of Stakeholders
True Prices for all Transport Users
European Federation for Transport & Environment
Thank youThank you
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Further Information
www.eea.eu.int
www.summa-eu.org
European Federation for Transport & Environment
T&E is Europe’s primary NGO campaigning on a Europe wide level for an environmentally
responsible approach to transport. [email protected]
Boulevard de Waterloo, 34 | 1000 BrusselsTel.: +32(0)2-502 99 09 | Fax: +32(0)2-502 99 08 | www.t-e.nu
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