1 Broadest, most inclusive taxon Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Three domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus

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•BroadestBroadest, most inclusive , most inclusive taxontaxon

•ThreeThree domains domains

•Archaea and EubacteriaArchaea and Eubacteria are are unicellular prokaryotes (no unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)organelles)

•EukaryaEukarya are more complex are more complex and have a nucleus and and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organellesmembrane-bound organelles

DomainsDomains

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ARCHAEA

•Probably the 1st cells to evolve

•Live in HARSH environments

•Found in:

–Sewage Treatment Plants

–Thermal or Volcanic Vents

–Hot Springs or Geysers that are acid

–Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake)


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ARCHAEAN


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EUBACTERIA

•Some may cause DISEASE

•Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones

•Important decomposers for environment

•Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.


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Live in the intestines of animalsLive in the intestines of animals


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Domain Eukarya is Domain Eukarya is Divided into KingdomsDivided into Kingdoms

•ProtistaProtista (protozoans, algae…) (protozoans, algae…)

•FungiFungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) (mushrooms, yeasts …)

•PlantaePlantae (multicellular plants) (multicellular plants)

•AnimaliaAnimalia (multicellular (multicellular animals) animals)


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ProtistaProtista

•Most are Most are unicellularunicellular

•Some are Some are multicellularmulticellular

•Some are Some are autotrophicautotrophic, , while others are while others are heterotrophicheterotrophic

•AquaticAquatic


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FungiFungi•Multicellular,Multicellular,

except yeastexcept yeast

•Absorptive Absorptive heterotrophsheterotrophs (digest food (digest food outside their outside their body & then body & then absorb it)absorb it)

•Cell walls Cell walls made of made of chitinchitin


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PlantaePlantae

•MulticellularMulticellular

•AutotrophicAutotrophic

•Absorb Absorb sunlight sunlight to make glucose to make glucose – Photosynthesis– Photosynthesis

•Cell walls made Cell walls made of of cellulosecellulose


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AnimaliaAnimalia

•MulticellularMulticellular

•Ingestive Ingestive heterotrophsheterotrophs (consume (consume food & digest food & digest it inside their it inside their bodies)bodies)

•Feed on Feed on plantsplants or or animalsanimals


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TaxonsTaxons

•Most Most generagenera contain a contain a number of similar number of similar speciesspecies

•The genus The genus HomoHomo is an is an exception (only contains exception (only contains modern humans)modern humans)

•Classification is based on evolutionary evolutionary relationshipsrelationships



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Basis for Modern Basis for Modern TaxonomyTaxonomy

•Homologous structuresHomologous structures (same structure, (same structure, different function)different function)

•Similar Similar embryoembryo developmentdevelopment

•Molecular SimilarityMolecular Similarity in in DNADNA, , RNARNA, or , or amino acidamino acid sequence of Proteinssequence of Proteins


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Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) shows Similarities in mammals.shows Similarities in mammals.


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Similarities in Vertebrate Similarities in Vertebrate EmbryosEmbryos


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CladogramCladogramDiagram showing how organisms are related Diagram showing how organisms are related

based on based on shared, derived characteristicsshared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scalessuch as feathers, hair, or scales


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Primate Primate CladogramCladogram


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Dichotomous KeyingDichotomous Keying

•Used to identify Used to identify organismsorganisms

•Characteristics given in Characteristics given in pairspairs

•Read both Read both characteristicscharacteristics and and either go to another set either go to another set of characteristics of characteristics OROR identify the organismidentify the organism


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Example of Dichotomous Example of Dichotomous KeyKey

1a Tentacles present – Go to 21a Tentacles present – Go to 2

1b Tentacles absent – Go to 31b Tentacles absent – Go to 3

2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus

2b More than 8 tentacles – 32b More than 8 tentacles – 3

3a Tentacles hang down – go to 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 44

3b Tentacles upright–Sea 3b Tentacles upright–Sea AnemoneAnemone

4a Balloon-shaped body–4a Balloon-shaped body–JellyfishJellyfish

4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 54b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.duewestcharter.bc.ca/images/Links/Sea%2520Anemone.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.duewestcharter.bc.ca/Helpful%2520Links.htm&h=803&w=1071&sz=95&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=u31TMeW8tnm4iM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsea%2Banemone%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DGGIC,GGIC:2006-38,GGIC:en


Documents

1 Broadest, most inclusive taxon Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Three domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus