09.Benefits of BR in NR truck treads and sidewalls - Mr. Lim Yew Swee.pdf

BU PBR • November 2010 • Technical Seminar • slide 1

Benefits of Butadiene Rubberin Natural Rubber-basedTruck Tread and Sidewall

India Rubber Exposition & Conference19th – 22nd January 2011

Chennai, Tamil Nadu


Production Sites

OrangeCo- + Nd-+ Li-BR

(SSBR)Cabo

Li- + Nd-BRSSBR

CaxiasESBRTriunfo

ESBR

Port JeromeNd- + Li-BR

SSBR

DormagenNd-BR

Business Unit - Performance Butadiene Rubbers


BR Product RangeLocation

Cat-System Grade Application

Mooney Viscosity

Solution Viscosity [mPas]

Vinyl Content [%]

Oil Content [phr]

Buna CB 21 Tyre / TRP / Golf 73 600 <1 0Buna CB 22 Tyre / TRP / Golf 63 400 <1 0(Buna CB 23) Golf / TRP 51 250-350 <1 0Buna CB 24 Tyre / TRP 44 165 <1 0Buna CB 25 Tyre / TRP 44 145 <1 0Buna CB 29 MES Tyre / TRP 37 --- <1 37.5 (MES)PBR 4008 Tyre / TRP 37 --- <1 37.5 (TDAE)Buna CB 22 Tyre / TRP / Golf 63 400 <1 0Buna CB 24 Tyre / TRP 44 165 <1 0Buna CB 55 NF Tyre / TRP 55 175 11 0(Buna CB 45 NF) Tyre / TRP 45 130 11 0Buna CB 60 Tyre / TRP 60 44 10 0Buna CB 22 Tyre / TRP / Golf 63 400 <1 0Buna CB 23 Golf / TRP 51 250-350 <1 0Buna CB 24 Tyre / TRP 44 165 <1 0Buna CB 1220 Tyre / TRP / Golf 40 --- ~2 0Buna CB 1221 Tyre / TRP / Golf 53 --- ~2 0Buna CB 1203 Tyre / TRP / Golf 43 --- ~2 0Buna CB 45 Tyre / TRP 45 --- 11 0(Buna CB 55) Tyre / TRP 53 --- 11 0Buna CB Nd 60 Tyre / TRP 63 1000 <1 0Buna CB Nd 40 Tyre / TRP 42 400 <1 0Buna CB 70B Tyre / TRP 70 --- 11 0Buna CB 55H Tyre / TRP 54 --- 11 0Buna CB 55L Tyre / TRP 49,5 --- 11 0Buna CB 45B Tyre / TRP 45 --- 11

OrangeUSA

Port JeromeFrance

Nd

DormagenGermany

Nd

Li

Li

Co

Nd

Li

CaboBrazil

Nd

Business Unit - Performance Butadiene Rubbers


A little explanation about Butadiene Rubber …


Kum

ho B

R 0

1

LG B

R 1

208

Cis

amer

01

TAK

TEN

E 22

0

TAK

TEN

E 12

03

BU

NA

CB

25

BU

NA

CB

22

Ni Ni Ni Co Co Nd Nd1.4-cis % 96,4 97,6 96,8 96,5 98,0 97,5 98,31.2-vinyl % 1,2 1,5 1,7 2,5 1,3 0,6 0,5ML´4 MU 46 45 43 39 44 47 64MSR MU/sec 0,34 0,69 0,41 0,37 0,42 0,53 0,68Relax 30 % 19,7 5,37 14,35 14,5 13,79 7,91 5,5Mn kg/mol 79 118 87 91 169 183 233Mw kg/mol 458 453 460 327 472 372 471PDI 5,8 3,8 5,3 3,6 2,8 2,0 2,0

ML´4 / SV * 10 4,7 1,4 2,4 7,3 4,8 2,0 1,5SV mPas 98 312 177 54 91 234 420

NdBR withMooney Jump

NiB

R -

1

NiB

R -

3

NiB

R -

2

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0

1.2-vinyl [%]

Poly

disp

ersi

ty (M

n / M

w)

Kumho BR 01LG BR 1208Cisamer 01TAKTENE 220TAKTENE 1203BUNA CB 25BUNA CB 22

NiBR - 1

NiBR - 3NiBR - 2NiBR – 1

highly branched withvery broad PDI NiBR – 2

linear withbroad PDI NiBR – 3

branched withvery broad PDI

Polymer Analyticals.


Branching Index and MSR

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8

MSR

MV/

SV*1

0

Nd-BRCo-BR

Solution viscosity Index(Mooney Visc. / SV)

chemical branchingPolydispersity

Mooney Stress Relaxation(MSR)

chemical branchingphysical entanglements

MSR value = best differentiation for polymer branching with both low and high PDI“branched” NdBR is more linear than “linear” CoBRNiBR grades have different branching degrees between linear and highly branched

MSR and Branching.

0

12

3

45

6

78

9

0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8

MSR

Bra

nchi

ng In

dex

(ML

/ SV

* 10)


NiBR – 1NiBR – 2NiBR – 3

Higherlinearity

Higher linearity

Branching


GPC-Malls

GPC - MALLS Analysis

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1.000 10.000 100.000 1.000.000 10.000.000

Molecular weight [ g / mol ]

Diff

eren

tial W

eigh

t Fra

ctio

n

NiBR Kumho BR 01NiBR LG BR 1208NiBR Cisamer-01Taktene 220Taktene 1203BUNA CB25BUNA CB22



050

100150200250300350400450500

30 40 50 60 70

Mooney ML1+4 [MU]

Mol

ecul

ar w

eigh

tM

n &

Mw

[kg/

mol

] Kumho BR 01LG BR 1208Cisamer 01TAKTENE 220TAKTENE 1203BUNA CB 25BUNA CB 22


Polymer chain ends

Polymer chain length• numeric molecular weight Mn• branching degree MSR

(number of ends per molecule)

Factor for polymer chain length= [Mn] x [MSR]

Theory:Hysteresis (energy dissipation) = number of free polymer chain ends 0

20

4060

80

100

120140

160

180

30 40 50 60 70

Mooney ML1+4 [MU]

Inde

x po

lym

er c

hain

leng

thM

n [k

g/m

ol] *

MS

R [M

U/s

]



LANXESS Nd-BR with high polymer chain length = less chain ends !!


Truck Tread Compounding


Butadiene Rubber Characteristics

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

BUNA CB 1203

Cobalt BR #1

Cobalt BR #3

Cobalt BR #2

Nickel BR #1

BUNA CB 55

ML´4 [MU] 43.4 65.4 44.1 42.9 41.6 42.0 46.6 54.5

MSR [MU/sec] 0.616 0.733 0.409 0.582 0.518 0.349 0.391 0.722

Relax 30s [%] 5.53 4.74 13.38 5.59 9.62 18.33 14.81 4.04

LV [mPas] 183.5 450 102 108.5 188 47 101 167

1,4-cis [%] 96.7 97.9 98.2 96.0 96.2 95.1 95.0 37.2

1,4-trans [%] 2.8 1.7 0.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 3.4 50.7

1,2-vinyl [%] 0.5 0.4 1.2 2.4 2.0 3.2 1.6 12.1

Mn [g/mol] 186400 222900 137300 154000 122000 99600 96820 140700

Mw [g/mol] 365600 482400 453600 355900 555800 399800 499300 265300

Mw/Mn 2.21 2.16 2.30 2.31 4.55 4.01 5.16 1.89


Test Formulations

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

BUNA CB 1203

Cobalt BR #1

Cobalt BR #3

Cobalt BR #2

Nickel BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NR

TSR 10 75 75 50 75 50 75 75 75 100CORAX N 220 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50NYTEX 8450 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5EDENOR C 18 98-100 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2ZINKWEISS ROTSIEGEL 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4ANTILUX 654 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2VULKANOX 4020/LG 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5VULKANOX HS/LG 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5VULKACIT CZ/EGC 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25MAHLSCHWEFEL 90/95 CHAN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BUNA CB 24 25BUNA CB 22 25Buna CB 1203 25Cobalt BR #1 25Cobalt BR #2 25Cobalt BR #3 25Nickel BR #1 25BUNA CB 55 NF 25


Unvulcanised Properties & Rheometry

Mooney - Viskosität GL00000142230010

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Zeit [s]

Moo

ney-

Visk

ositä

t [M

E]

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

Cobalt-BR #1

Nickel-BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NF

Cobalt-BR #2

Cobalt-BR #3

Buna CB 1203

NR


Mooney - Anvulkanisation GL00000142230010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Zeit [s]

Moo

ney-

Visk

ositä

t [M

E]

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

Cobalt-BR #1

Nickel-BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NF

Cobalt-BR #2

Cobalt-BR #3

Buna CB 1203

NR



BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

BUNA CB 1203

Cobalt BR #1

Cobalt BR #3

Cobalt BR #2

Nickel BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NR

ML 1+4 [MU] 63.3 69.6 62.0 63.3 61.3 57.4 60.8 67.9 58.7MSR [MU/sec] 0.474 0.454 0.45 0.457 0.468 0.475 0.46 0.492 0.482Relax 30s % 10.42 11.75 11.74 11.4 11.06 10.65 11.37 9.99 10.51

Delta ML Compound-Polymer19.9 4.2 17.9 20.4 19.7 15.4 14.2 13.4

MS-t5 ( seconds ) 1639 1637 1652.8 1677.8 1700 1771 1682.8 1681.4 1404.4

Compound Mooney - Viscosity ML1+4/100



Monsanto - MDR GL00000142230010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Zeit [s]

S' [d

Nm

]

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

Cobalt-BR #01

Nickel-BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NF

Cobalt-BR #2

Cobalt-BR #3

Buna CB 1203

NR


Nd-BR provides the highest level of crosslinking !!



BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

BUNA CB 1203

Cobalt BR #1

Cobalt BR #3

Cobalt BR #2

Nickel BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NR

S' min [dNm] 2.51 2.72 2.54 2.59 2.53 2.40 2.53 2.62 2.27S' max [dNm] 15.0 15.4 14.2 14.3 14.0 13.4 13.6 14.2 13.6S' final dNm 13.4 13.6 12.3 12.7 12.1 11.5 11.8 13.0 11.9Delta S' dNm 12.5 12.7 11.6 11.7 11.5 11.0 11.0 11.5 11.4TS1 s 127 128 133 133 137 139 137 136 107TS2 s 154 156 157 158 162 165 161 163 127Time 10% s 137 140 139 140 143 144 141 142 111Time 25% s 163 167 165 167 170 172 168 171 133Time 30% s 168 171 169 171 174 176 172 176 136Time 50% s 186 189 184 189 190 192 188 194 152Time 70% s 215 215 208 215 214 217 213 222 175Time 80% s 240 237 227 239 234 237 233 246 193Time 90% s 286 278 263 284 270 274 270 291 225Time 95% s 333 318 299 330 306 310 306 338 258S' @ 90% dNm 13.8 14.1 13.0 13.1 12.8 12.3 12.5 13.0 12.5Time for S'max s 534 487 443 538 455 457 464 535 384


Dyn. Dämpfung Temp.-abhängig GL00000142230010

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Temperatur [°C]

Tan

Del

ta

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

Cobalt-BR #1

Nickel-BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NF

Cobalt-BR #2

Cobalt-BR #3

Buna CB 1203

NR

Vulcanizate Dynamic Properties



0.09

0.1

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Temperatur [°C]

Tan

Del

ta

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

Cobalt-BR #1

Nickel-BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NF

Cobalt-BR #2

Cobalt-BR #3

Buna CB 1203

NR


Nd-BR provides the lowest Rolling Resistance !!Buna CB22

Buna CB24


MTS Standard-Programm GL00000142230010

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.2

0.21

0.22

0.23

1 10

Dehnung [mm/mm]

Tan

Del

ta

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

Cobalt-BR #1

Nickel-BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NF

Cobalt-BR #2

Cobalt-BR #3

Buna CB 1203

NR


Tan δ maximum confirms low hysteresis of Nd-BRs !!


Zugversuch Stab S2 RT GL00000142230010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Dehnung [%]

Span

nung

[MPa

]

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

Cobalt-BR #1

Nickel-BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NF

Cobalt-BR #2

Cobalt-BR #3

Buna Cb 1203

NR

Vulcanizate Properties


Vulcanizate Properties

BUNA CB 24

BUNA CB 22

BUNA CB 1203

Cobalt BR #1

Cobalt BR #3

Cobalt BR #2

Nickel BR #1

BUNA CB 55 NR

Rebound @ 23°C % 47.8 50.8 47.7 48.4 45.7 42.7 44.3 47.8 42.6Rebound @ 60°C % 51.2 54.7 54.7 56.2 52.6 51.0 50.2 51.1 52.0Hardness @ 60°C Shore A 52.0 53.3 52.3 52.5 51.0 51.0 50.7 52.0 51.8Hardness @ 23°C Shore A 59.1 59.2 56.4 57.9 56.8 57.1 56.6 57.2 58.9

Modulus @ 23 °CS10 MPa 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6S25 MPa 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8S50 MPa 1.1 1.1 1.2 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1S100 MPa 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8S300 MPa 8.4 9 7.9 8.1 8.1 8 8.7 8.3 9.8Elongation % 677 683 654 698 681 690 694 672 635Tensile Strength MPa 28.5 30.2 27 27.9 27.5 27.3 28.1 27.3 28.5

Abrasion Loss mm³ 50 43 49 38 44 51 27 16 12257


Truck Sidewall Compounding


Test Formulations

Cobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA NeodymiumBR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1

BR1220 BR-01 LXS LXS LXS LXS Non-LXS

TSR / RSS DEFO 1000 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00CORAX N 550/30 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00STATEX N 330 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00NYTEX 8450 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00EDENOR C 18 98-100 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25ZINKWEISS ROTSIEGEL 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50ANTILUX 654 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50VULKANOX 4020/LG 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00VULKANOX HS/LG 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50VULKACIT CZ/EGC 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50MAHLSCHWEFEL 90/95 CHANCEL 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00BR-1220 45.00BR-01 45.00Buna CB 25 45.00Buna CB 1203 45.00Buna CB 24 45.00Buna CB 22 45.00Nd-BR #1 45.00


Mooney - Viskosität GL00000154890010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Zeit [s]

Moo

ney-

Visk

ositä

t [M

E] BR-1220

BR-01

CB 25

CB 1203

CB 24

CB 22

Nd-BR

Compound Viscosity tested at ML1+4@100°C


Mooney - Anvulkanisation GL00000154890010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Zeit [s]

Moo

ney-

Visk

ositä

t [M

E] BR-1220

BR-01

CB 25

CB 1203

CB 24

CB 22

Nd-BR

Mooney Scorch tested at 125°C


Unvulcanised PropertiesCobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA NeodymiumBR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1


Mooney - Viskosität ML1+4/100

ML 1+1 49.3 51.9 58.8 53.1 60.3 70.5 59.3ML 1+4 43.5 46.5 51.3 47.0 53.0 62.5 52.8MSR 0.483 0.526 0.53 0.483 0.515 0.507 0.494Rel. decay @ 30 s 10.06 8.58 8.51 10.29 9.07 9.61 9.77

MS-t3 1626.8 1606.8 1573.0 1567.8 1550.8 1680.0 1599.8MS-t5 1677.0 1660.0 1623.8 1616.0 1609.0 1740.8 1654.0


Rheometry Curves tested at 160°C for 30 minutes

Monsanto - MDR GL00000154890010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Zeit [s]

S' [d

Nm

]

BR-1220

BR-01

CB 25

CB 1203

CB 24

CB 22

Nd-BR


Compound Rheometry



Monsanto - MDR

Minimum Torque, ML 1.71 1.70 1.79 1.69 1.86 2.19 1.84Maximum Torque, MH 12.43 13.11 14.77 13.51 14.97 14.66 14.66Drehmomentendwert 10.79 11.47 13.13 11.66 13.34 13.19 12.90Delta Torque, MH-ML 10.72 11.41 12.98 11.82 13.11 12.47 12.82Scorch Safety Time TS1 170.4 178.8 168.0 172.8 172.2 178.8 173.4Anstiegszeit TS2 188.4 197.4 187.8 189.0 192.0 201.0 192.6Time to percent cure 10% 172.6 182.7 176.6 177.4 180.0 186.2 180.4Umsatzzeit 25% 194.1 204.3 198.6 195.7 202.7 212.3 202.2Umsatzzeit 30% 198.0 208.2 202.8 199.3 206.9 217.1 206.2Umsatzzeit 50% 212.7 223.1 218.8 213.4 223.0 235.1 221.3Umsatzzeit 70% 235.1 245.8 243.0 235.1 247.0 261.1 244.0Umsatzzeit 80% 255.9 266.8 265.3 254.6 268.6 284.3 264.9Umsatzzeit 90% 296.6 308.3 308.5 292.4 311.3 328.4 305.3Umsatzzeit 95% 339.2 349.8 352.3 330.0 354.9 374.2 347.9S' bei 90% Umsatz 11.36 11.97 13.47 12.33 13.66 13.41 13.38Zeit für S'max 511.8 522.6 531.6 481.8 536.4 574.2 519.6



0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Temperatur [°C]

Tan

Del

ta

BR-1220

BR-01

CB 25

CB 1203

CB 24

CB 22

Nd-BR

Tangent Delta Curves versus Temperature



0.06

0.065

0.07

0.075

0.08

0.085

0.09

0.095

0.1

0.105

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

Temperatur [°C]

Tan

Del

ta

BR-1220

BR-01

CB 25

CB 1203

CB 24

CB 22

Nd-BR

Tangent Delta values at 60 °C





Dyn. Dämpfung DIN 53513

E'(0 °C) 11.05 11.94 11.51 10.67 11.64 11.33 11.39E''(0 °C) 1.42 1.59 1.38 1.38 1.39 1.50 1.36E*(0 °C) 11.14 12.05 11.59 10.76 11.72 11.43 11.47tan d (0°C) 0.129 0.133 0.120 0.129 0.119 0.132 0.120E' (23 °C) 8.71 9.57 9.41 8.67 9.65 8.97 9.23E'' (23 °C) 0.98 1.10 0.93 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.90E* (23 °C) 8.77 9.64 9.46 8.73 9.69 9.02 9.27tan d (23 °C) 0.112 0.114 0.099 0.110 0.096 0.104 0.098E' (60 °C) 5.99 6.69 6.65 6.05 6.86 6.42 6.71E'' (60 °C) 0.56 0.63 0.48 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.51E* (60 °C) 6.02 6.72 6.67 6.07 6.88 6.44 6.73tan d (60 °C) 0.093 0.094 0.072 0.084 0.071 0.076 0.075



0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Dehnung [%]

G' [

MPa

]

BR-1220

BR-01

CB 25

CB 1203

CB 24

CB 22

Nd-BR



0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Dehnung [%]

Tan

Del

ta

BR-1220

BR-01

CB 25

CB 1203

CB 24

CB 22

Nd-BR

Tangent Delta using MTS versus Strain


MTS Visco-Dynamic Test Data



Probekörper : MTS-ProbeMTS Amplitudensweep

G* (0,5%) 1.Messung 1.33 1.36 1.55 1.30 1.31 1.46 1.35G* (0,5%) 2.Messung 1.24 1.25 1.45 1.22 1.25 1.37 1.27G* (0,5%) 3.Messung 1.24 1.26 1.45 1.22 1.25 1.36 1.28G* (15%) 1.Messung 0.78 0.80 0.93 0.81 0.87 0.91 0.87G* (15%) 2.Messung 0.76 0.78 0.91 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.85G* (15%) 3.Messung 0.76 0.78 0.91 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.85tan d (max.) 1.Messung 0.153 0.148 0.131 0.136 0.118 0.128 0.125tan d (max.) 2.Messung 0.159 0.153 0.136 0.139 0.120 0.132 0.128tan d (max.) 3.Messung 0.160 0.153 0.136 0.139 0.120 0.133 0.129


Zugversuch Stab S2 RT GL00000154890010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Dehnung [%]

Span

nung

[MPa

]

BR-1220

BR-01

CB 25

CB 1203

CB 24

CB 22

Nd-BR

Stress versus Strain Chart


Vulcanizate PropertiesCobalt Cobalt BUNA BUNA BUNA BUNA NeodymiumBR #1 BR #2 CB 25 CB 1203 CB 24 CB 22 BR #1


Temperature : 23 °CAverage Rebound 52.03 54.26 58.88 54.7 57.57 58.48 57.62

Temperature : 60 °CAverage Rebound 58.85 61.46 64.71 61.83 64.06 64.04 63.61

Temperature 60 60 60 60 60 60 60Average Shore-A Hardness 46.5 48.0 50.0 48.2 51.5 51.0 50.5

Temperature 23 23 23 23 23 23 23Average Shore-A Hardness 51.9 52.8 54.3 52.1 55.0 54.5 53.8

S10 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4S25 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8S50 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1S100 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8S300 8.1 8.2 9.5 8.9 9.7 9.1 9.2D Median 633 673 612 622 612 613 605F Median 23.7 25.2 25.6 25.2 25.8 26.5 26.0


Summary1. Nd-BR has the lowest vinyl content besides being very linear.

2. Nd-BR provides the highest level of croslinking

3. Owing to its microstructure/macrostructure, Nd-BR provides the lowest level of rolling resistance available to the compounds

4. The addition of BR to the NR-based compound helps to providesome additional scorch safety time besides improvements forabrasion loss, lower rolling resistance and lower heat build-up.

5. Overall, the addition of BR helps to improve the end properties ofNR-based compounds with Nd-BR being the best choice.

6. To attain much lower rolling resistance and heat build-up, it maybe necessary to blend silica into the formulation with the black.


Thank youfor your attention

Documents

09.Benefits of BR in NR truck treads and sidewalls - Mr. Lim Yew Swee.pdf