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MONITORIN
G ON
MONITORIN
G ON POPs
POPsIN
AQUATIC
IN AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT IN INDONESIA
ENVIRONMENT IN INDONESIA
Halimah
Halimah
Syafrul
Syafrul
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CENTER
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CENTER
(PUSARPEDAL
(PUSARPEDAL --DEPUTY VII)
DEPUTY VII)
MIN
ISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT INDONESIA
MIN
ISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT INDONESIA
2007
2007
General Information of Indonesia
General Information of Indonesia
��Indonesia’s islands fall within the
Indonesia’s islands fall within the
equatorial climatic zone, therefore
equatorial climatic zone, therefore
the climate is rather mild. It has
the climate is rather mild. It has
only two season, dry and wet
only two season, dry and wet
season. Average daily humidity
season. Average daily humidity
ranges from 60 to 90 %.
ranges from 60 to 90 %.
��According to the latest statistic,
According to the latest statistic,
population of Indonesia in 2005
population of Indonesia in 2005
is 218 869 000 and in 2006 is 222
is 218 869 000 and in 2006 is 222
192 000.
192 000.
��About 60% of population
About 60% of population
concentrated in Java island which
concentrated in Java island which
has only about 7 % of the total
has only about 7 % of the total
land area.
land area.
��Kalimantan, Maluku & Papua
Kalimantan, Maluku & Papua
which have size 4 to 5 times Java
which have size 4 to 5 times Java
island only occupied 2 to 5 %
island only occupied 2 to 5 %
from total population.
from total population.
��Indonesia is along archipelago country, comprises
Indonesia is along archipelago country, comprises
some 17.000 islands forming the largest archipelago
some 17.000 islands forming the largest archipelago
in the world.
in the world.
��Five mayor islands in Indonesia are Sumatera, Java,
Five mayor islands in Indonesia are Sumatera, Java,
Kalimantan (third biggest island in the world),
Kalimantan (third biggest island in the world),
Sulawesi and Papua. Total land area
Sulawesi and Papua. Total land area + + 1.904.000
1.904.000
square kms.
square kms.
��Administratively, Indonesia comprise 33 provinces,
Administratively, Indonesia comprise 33 provinces,
with their characteristic environment condition
with their characteristic environment condition.
.
Persistent Organic Pollutants (
Persistent Organic Pollutants ( POPs
POPs))
4 characteristic :
�are extremely stable and persist in the
environment
�Bio-accumulate in organisms and food chains
�are toxic to humans and animals and have
chronic effect such as disruption of
reproductive, immune and endocrine systems
, as well as being carcinogenic
�Are transported in the environment over long
distances to places far from the points of
release
The twelve Chemicals in the initial list of
The twelve Chemicals in the initial list of
the Stockholm Convention on
the Stockholm Convention on POPs
POPs
1.DDT
2.Aldrin
3.Endrin
4.Dieldrin
5.Chlordane
6.Heptachlor
7.Hexachlorobenzene
(HCB)
8.Mirex
9.Toxaphene
10.PCBs
11.Furans (PCDFs)
12.Dioksin(PCDDs)
Pollutants Source of
Pollutants Source of POPs
POPs
::
�Residue of POPspesticides application in
agricultural area: DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin,
heptachlor, m
irex, toxaphene, chlordane, HCB
�Residue of POPspesticides application for
controlling m
alaria vector mosquito : DDT
�Industrial : PCB (used transform
er containing
PCBs)
�Unintentionally product : Dioksin, Furan (open
burning from domestic or industrial waste
POPs
POPs
CONDITION IN INDONESIA
CONDITION IN INDONESIA
�Indonesia has been used POPschemicals such as Aldrin, Chlordane,
DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, heptachlore, HCB ect. By Government
regulation No 74/2004 concerning to the m
anagement of hazardous
and toxic substances, the used of those POP chemicals have been
banned for all purposes.
�Regarding to the negative impact and its persistency, Indonesia also
has been signed of Stockholm
Convention (23-M
ei 2001).
�EMC has duty to support government policy in the field of
environment by preparing environmental quality data. Related tothe
implementation of Stockholm
convention, EMC also tried to supply
data concerning to the existing of POP in the environment.
�DDT still permitted to be limited used in the field of health
specifically for controlling mosquito of malaria vector, and
finally banned in 1993.
�
Monitoring of
Monitoring of POPs
POPs
in Indonesia
in Indonesia
Coorperation
Coorperation
EMC (
EMC (Pusarpedal,MoE
Pusarpedal,MoE) )
with The UNU
with The UNU--Japan
Japan
Monitoring of
Monitoring of POPs
POPs
in Indonesia
in Indonesia
Sam
pling Location
Sam
pling Location::
��Five rivers in five cities in Java Island
were selected
Five rivers in five cities in Java Island
were selected
as sam
pling location ;
as sam
pling location ;
��Ciliwung
CiliwungRiver
Riverlocated stretched along
located stretched along Bogor
Bogor
to
to
Jakarta city (W
estern Java )
Jakarta city (W
estern Java )
��Surab
aya river
Surab
aya river,, Rungkut
Rungkut
River
Riverand
and Tanjung
Tanjung
Perak
Perak
Harbor
Harbor
located in Surab
aya city (Eastern Java)
located in Surab
aya city (Eastern Java)
��Banjir
BanjirKanal
Kanal
Barat
Barat
and
and Banjir
BanjirKanal
Kanal
Timur
Timur
River
Riverlocated
located
in
in Semarang
Semarangcity (Central Java)
city (Central Java)
Sam
pling Frequency
Sam
pling Frequency
��Sam
pling collection were carried out two times a year,
Sam
pling collection were carried out two times a year,
representative dry and
wet (rainy) season
representative dry and
wet (rainy) season
��Matrix
Matrix sam
pel
sampe
l: water, sediment and
soil
: water, sediment and
soil
BOGOR
SEMARANG
SURABAYA
MAP OF SAMPLING LOCATION
JAWA ISLAND
JAWA ISLAND
JAKARTA
MAP OF SAMPLING SITE SURABAYA
(EMC/Pusarpedal -UNU)
Tanjung Perak Harbor, Madura Strait
Tanjung Perak Harbor, Madura Strait
Surabaya River
Surabaya River
Rungkut River
Rungkut River
MAP OF SAMPLING SITE
SEMARANG (EMC/Pusarpedal-UNU)
Banjir KanalBarat River
Coastal Water Semarang
(Java Sea)
Banjir Kanal Tim
ur River
MAP OF SAMPLING SITE BOGOR-
JAKARTA(EMC/Pusarpedal-UNU
BOGOR
BOGOR
JAKARTA
JAKARTA
Ciliwung River Bogor-Jakarta
Coastal Water Jakarta Bay
TARGET OF ANALYSES
TARGET OF ANALYSES::
Persistent Organic Pollutants:
Persistent Organic Pollutants:
Aldrin, Endrin, Dieldrin, HCB, Heptachlor,
Aldrin, Endrin, Dieldrin, HCB, Heptachlor,
heptachlor
heptachlor
epoxide, Mirex, Cis
epoxide, Mirex, Cis--Chlordane,
Chlordane,
DDT and its derivates (pp’
DDT and its derivates (pp’--
DDD, pp,
DDD, pp, --DDE,
DDE,
op’
op’ --
DDT, pp’
DDT, pp’ --DDT)
DDT)
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSES :
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSES :
Refer to the UNU procedure for POPs analyses
Refer to the UNU procedure for POPs analyses
( Standard procedure for all of the participants
( Standard procedure for all of the participants
of UNU project)
of UNU project)
SOME of
SOME of
SOME of
SOME of
SOME of
SOME of
SOME of
SOME of POPs
POPs
POPs
POPs
POPs
POPs
POPs
POPsMONITORING
MONITORING
MONITORING
MONITORING
MONITORING
MONITORING
MONITORING
MONITORING
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
(EMC/
(EMC/Pusarpedal
Pusarpedaland UNU)
and UNU)
Concentration of POPs and organochlorinein water 2006
--In dry season,
In dry season, p,pp,pDDT in water was the higher compared to the other
DDT in water was the higher compared to the other
detected compounds with the more than 0.10
detected compounds with the more than 0.10 ugug/L, especially in Surabaya,
/L, especially in Surabaya,
the lowest concentration were detected in Semarang.
the lowest concentration were detected in Semarang.
-- Some compounds in the wet season such as
Some compounds in the wet season such as o,po,pDDD;
DDD; p,p,
p,p,DDD; g
DDD; g-- HCH;
HCH; o,po,p
DDE, aldrin and dieldrin were detected at concentration less tha
DDE, aldrin and dieldrin were detected at concentration less than 0.1
n 0.1 ugug/L.
/L.
The lower concentration found in the wet season was probably cau
The lower concentration found in the wet season was probably caused by
sed by
dilution of rain water into the river.
dilution of rain water into the river.
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
SURA
BAYA
SEMAR
ANG
BOGOR & JA
KART
A
a-HC
Hβ-HC
Hg-HC
HAldrin
o,p DDE
p,p-DDE
Dieldrin
o,p DDD
Endrin
p,p DDD
o,p-DDT
p,p-DDT
Metoxychlo
rMire
x
Concentration (µg/L)
Wet season
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
SURA
BAYA
SEMA
RANG
BOGO
R & JA
KART
A
a-HC
Hβ-HC
Hg-HC
HAld
rino,p
DDE
p,p-DDE
Dield
rino,p
DDD
Endrin
p,p DDD
o,p-DDT
p,p-DDT
Metox
ychlo
rMirex
Concentration (µg/L)
Dry season
In sedim
ent, som
e c
om
pounds were
dete
cted a
t less
than 5
ppb in
In sedim
ent, som
e c
om
pounds were
dete
cted a
t less
than 5
ppb in w
et se
aso
n
wet se
aso
n
such
as
such
as
p,p
p,p
,,DDT;
DDT; o,p
o,p
DDT;
DDT; m
eto
xych
lor
meto
xych
lor . O
n the c
ontrary
in d
ry seaso
n
. On the c
ontrary
in d
ry seaso
n d
ield
rin
dield
rin
was in
the h
ighest
conce
ntration (m
ore
than 2
5 p
pb), a
nd the o
thwas in
the h
ighest
conce
ntration (m
ore
than 2
5 p
pb), a
nd the o
ther co
mpounds
er co
mpounds
such
as
such
as
o,p
o,p
DDD;
DDD; p,p
p,p
,,DDD;
DDD; o,p
o,p
DDT;
DDT; p,p
p,p
,,DDT w
ere
also d
ete
cted a
t DDT w
ere
also d
ete
cted a
t
conce
ntration less
than 1
0 p
pb.
conce
ntration less
than 1
0 p
pb.
05
10
15
20
25
30
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
BOGOR & JAKARTA
BHC
Hep
tachlor
Aldrin
t-chlorda
neo,p DDE
p,p-DDE
Dieldrin
o,p DDD
Endrin
p,p DDD
o,p-DDT
p,p-DDT
Metoxychlor
Mirex
Concentration (ng/g)
Wet season
051015202530
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
BOGOR&JA
KARTA
BHC
Hep
tachlor
Aldrin
t-chlorda
neo,p DDE
p,p-DDE
Dieldrin
o,p DDD
Endrin
p,p DDD
o,p-DDT
p,p-DDT
Metoxychlor
Mire
x
Dry season
Concentration (ng/g)
Concentration of POPsand Organochlorinein Sediment 2006
Som
e c
om
pounds were
dete
cted a
t co
nce
ntration less
than 5
ppb in
Som
e c
om
pounds were
dete
cted a
t co
nce
ntration less
than 5
ppb in
wet se
aso
n. On
wet se
aso
n. On
the c
ontrary
som
e c
om
pounds co
nce
ntration w
ere
more
than 5
ppb
the c
ontrary
som
e c
om
pounds co
nce
ntration w
ere
more
than 5
ppb su
ch a
s su
ch a
s o,p
o,p
DDT; pp D
DD a
nd
DDT; pp D
DD a
nd d
ield
rin
dield
rin. .
010203040
Sur
abay
aS
emar
ang
Bog
or-J
akar
ta
BHC
β-HCH
Heptachlor
Aldrin
t-chlordane
o,p DDE
p,p-DDE
Dieldrin
o,p DDD
Endrin
p,p DDD
o,p-DDT
p,p-DDT
Metoxychlor
Mirex
Concentration (ng/g)
Wet season
010203040
Sur
abay
aS
emar
ang
Bog
or-J
akar
ta
BH
Cβ-
HC
HH
epta
chlo
rA
ldrin
t-chl
orda
neo,
p D
DE
p,p-
DD
ED
ield
rino,
p D
DD
End
rinp,
p D
DD
o,p-
DD
Tp,
p-D
DT
Met
oxy
chlo
rM
irex
Dry season
Concentration (ng/g)
Concentration of POPsand Organochlorinein Riverbank
Soil 2006
DDT a
nd its
derivate
s were
still
dom
inant
DDT a
nd its
derivate
s were
still
dom
inant POPs
POPs
dete
cted in w
ate
r with the c
once
ntration
dete
cted in w
ate
r with the c
once
ntration
less
than 0
.03 p
pb.
less
than 0
.03 p
pb.DDT detected in water samples still below Indonesia environment
DDT detected in water samples still below Indonesia environment
water quality standard ( 2
water quality standard ( 2 µ µµµµ µµµg/L) regarding to Indonesia government regulation no.
g/L) regarding to Indonesia government regulation no.
82/2001.
82/2001.
0
0,005
0,01
0,015
0,02
0,025
0,03
Concentration (ppb)
Surabaya
Sem
arang
Jakarta- Bogor
Location
Maximum Concentration of POPs & OCs Detected in Water 2007
Lindan
HCB
o.p DDD
p.p DDE
o.p DDT
p.p DDT
Concentration of POPsand OCsin W
ater 2007
Mostly
Mostly PO
PsPO
Pswere detected in sediment at concentration less than 15
were detected in sediment at concentration less than 15
ppb except for pp
ppb except for pp-- D
DT in Jakarta (dow
nstream
of
DDT in Jakarta (dow
nstream
of Ciliwung
Ciliwungriver)
river)
detected with the concentration 45.8 ppb
detected with the concentration 45.8 ppb
Concentration of POPsand OCsin Sediment 2007
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Concentration (ppb)
Surabaya
Sem
arang
Jakarta- Bogor
Location
Maximum Concentration of POPs Detected in Sediment 2007
heptachlor
t-chlordane
aldrin
endrin
mirex
HCB
o.p DDD
p.p DDD
o.p DDE
p.p DDE
o.p DDT
p.p DDT
Maxim
um Concentration of POPsand OCsin
Sedim
ent 2007
POPs
POPsMonitoring Result in Several Locations in Indonesia
Monitoring Result in Several Locations in Indonesia
(Pusarpedal activities)
(Pusarpedal activities)
Gb 18. Konsentrasi Maksimum POPs Terdeteksi di Air
0.001
0.010.1110
Cianjur
Keraw
ang
Brebes
Malang
Bali
Lampung
Pad
ang
Med
anSurab
aya
Sem
arang
Bogor-
Jakarta
*Tanjung
Priuk
Lokasi
Concentration (ppb)
heptachlor
Dieldrin
pp-DDD
pp-DDE
op-DDT
pp-DDT
Maximum Concentration of POPsdetected in W
ater
DDT and its m
etabolites was the m
ain POPscompounds
detected in water (agricultural and urban area).
POPs
POPsMonitoring Result in Several Locations in Indonesia (EMC
Monitoring Result in Several Locations in Indonesia (EMC--activities)
activities)
Gb 19. Konsentrasi Maksimum POPs Terdeteksi di Sedimen
0.01
0.11
10
100
1000
Cianjur
Kerawang
Brebes
Malang
Bali
Lampung
Medan
Surabaya
Semarang
Bogor-Jakarta
Lokasi
Concentration (ppb)
HCB
t-chlordane
c-chlordane
heptachlor
Aldrin
Endrin
Dieldrin
pp-DDD
pp-DDE
op-DDT
pp-DDT
Mirex
DDT and its m
etabolite were also the m
ain POPscompounds detected in sedim
ent collected from
agriculture area (Cianjur, kerawang,Brebes, Malang, Bali, Lampung, Padang, Medanand Makasar).
Sedim
ent collected from urban area (Surabaya, Semarangand Jakarta) contain m
ore kind of POPs
Maxim
um Concentration of POPsdetected in Sedim
ent
Gb 20. Konsentrasi Maksimum POPs Terdeteksi di Tanah
0.11
10
100
1000
10000
Cianjur
Kerawang
Brebes
Malang
Bali
Lampung
Padang
Medan
Makasar
Surabaya
Semarang
Bogor-
Jakarta
Lokasi
Concentration
(ppb)
heptachlor
Aldrin
Endrin
Dieldrin
pp-DDD
pp-DDE
op-DDT
pp-DDT
Maxim
um Concentration of POPsdetected in Soil
TRIA
L A
IR M
ONIT
ORIN
G O
F
TRIA
L A
IR M
ONIT
ORIN
G O
F P
OPs
POPs
IN INDONESIA
IN
INDONESIA
2005
2005
��Sampling station
Sampling station
––Brastagi
Brastagi , North
, North Sumatera
Sumatera
––EMC/Pusarpedal
EMC/Pusarpedal Serpong
Serpong
Java
Java
��Monitoring Result
Monitoring Result
––Toxaphene
Toxaphenewas detected in
was detected in Brastagi
BrastagiStation and no
Station and no
detection on EMC Station
detection on EMC Station
––HCB was detected extremely high both in
HCB was detected extremely high both in Brastagi
Brastagiand
and
EMC
EMC
––p,p
p,p’’ --DDE (derivate of DDT) was also detected
DDE (derivate of DDT) was also detected
extremely high only in
extremely high only in Brastagi
Brastagistation
station
CONCENTRATION OF POPS IN AIR AT EMC STATION
-20
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
HCB
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
p,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDD
trans-Chlordane
cis-Chlordane
trans-Nonachlor
cis-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor
trans-Hep Epoxide
cis-Hep Epoxide
Parlar-26
Parlar-50
Mirex
CHEMICALS
CONCENTRATION (pg/M3)
1st
day
2nd d
ay
3rd
day
CONCENTRATION OF POPS IN AIR AT BRASTAGI STATION
020
40
60
80
100
120
HCB
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
p,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDD
trans-Chlordane
cis-Chlordane
trans-Nonachlor
cis-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor
trans-Heptachlorepoxide
cis-Heptachlorepoxide
Mirex
Toxaphene (Parlar-26)
Toxaphene (Parlar-50)
Toxaphene (Parlar-62)
CHEMICALS
CONCENTRATION (pg/M3)
1st
day
2nd d
ay
3rd
day
CONCENTRATION OF POPS IN AIR AT EMC STATION
-20
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
HCB
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
p,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDD
trans-Chlordane
cis-Chlordane
trans-Nonachlor
cis-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor
trans-Hep Epoxide
cis-Hep Epoxide
Parlar-26
Parlar-50
Mirex
CHEMICALS
CONCENTRATION (pg/M3)
1st
day
2nd d
ay
3rd
day
-20
020
40
60
80
100
120
CONCENTRATION (pg/M3)
HCB
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
p,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDD
trans-Chlordane
cis-Chlordane
trans-Nonachlor
cis-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor
trans-Hep Epoxide
cis-Hep Epoxide
Parlar-26
Parlar-50
Mirex
CHEMICALSCONCENTRATION OF POPS IN AIR AT EMC STATION
Avera
ge o
f Sam
pler A
Avera
ge o
f Sam
pler B
020
40
60
80
100
120
CONCENTRATION (pg/M3)
HCB
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
p,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDD
trans-Chlordane
cis-Chlordane
trans-Nonachlor
cis-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor
trans-Heptachlorepoxide
cis-Heptachlorepoxide
Mirex
Toxaphene (Parlar-26)
Toxaphene (Parlar-50)
Toxaphene (Parlar-62)
CHEMICALSCONCENTRATION OF POPS IN AIR AT BRASTAGI STATION
Avera
ge o
f Sam
pler A
Avera
ge o
f Sam
pler B
-20
020
40
60
80
100
120
CONCENTRATION (pg/M3)
HCB
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin
p,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDE
o,p'-DDD
trans-Chlordane
cis-Chlordane
trans-Nonachlor
cis-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane
Heptachlor
trans-Hep Epoxide
cis-Hep Epoxide
Parlar-26
Parlar-50
Mirex
CHEMICALS
CONCENTRATION OF POPS IN AIR AT EMC STATION
Avera
ge o
f Sam
ple
r A
Avera
ge o
f Sam
ple
r B
Conclusion
Conclusion
��From several POP chemicals have been investigated, majority
From several POP chemicals have been investigated, majority
DDT or its derivates were still detected in the environment.
DDT or its derivates were still detected in the environment.
�DDTandits derivates was the m
ain of POPscompounds
detected in the environment, especially in the agricultural
area. As its ch
ara
cterist
ic, th
e e
xiste
nt of DDT in river se
dim
ent or
As its ch
ara
cterist
ic, th
e e
xiste
nt of DDT in river se
dim
ent or river
river
bank soil
were
hundre
d tim
es hig
her th
an in w
ate
r sa
mples
bank soil
were
hundre
d tim
es hig
her th
an in w
ate
r sa
mples
��AAll of DDT concentration detected in water samples were
ll of DDT concentration detected in water samples were
lower than environmental water quality standard (2
lower than environmental water quality standard (2 ug
ug/L)
/L)
regarding to Indonesia Government Regulation No. 82/2001
regarding to Indonesia Government Regulation No. 82/2001
��The existence of DDT in urban area has possibility that those
The existence of DDT in urban area has possibility that those
compound was residual impact from the used of DDT for
compound was residual impact from the used of DDT for
controlling m
osquito in urban area in the past.
controlling m
osquito in urban area in the past.
SUGGESTION
SUGGESTION
��Need to expand
POPs monitoring especially for DDT contamination
Need to expand
POPs monitoring especially for DDT contaminationin
in
agricultural soil or in area which used to be applied DDT for
agricultural soil or in area which used to be applied DDT for controlling
controlling
malaria diseases.
malaria diseases.
��PC
Bs was also necessary to be monitored and
controlled , there i
PCBs was also necessary to be monitored and
controlled , there is no specific
s no specific
treatment for used transform
er containing PCBs in Ind
onesia.
treatment for used transform
er containing PCBs in Ind
onesia.
��Continuous monitoring is still necessary to be carried out, in o
Continuous monitoring is still necessary to be carried out, in order to get
rder to get
more representative data of
more representative data of POPs
POPs
pollution in the environment.
pollution in the environment.
��Upgrading the capacity in dealing with
Upgrading the capacity in dealing with dioxin,furans,toxaphene
dioxin,furans,toxaphene
��Need to expand
research
concerning to the reduction /elimination
Need to expand
research
concerning to the reduction /eliminationof
of POPs
POPs
��Increasing public aw
areness concerning to the risk and negative
Increasing public aw
areness concerning to the risk and negative
impact of
impact of
POPs
POPs
includ
ing Dioxin and
pollutant source of
includ
ing Dioxin and
pollutant source of Dioksin
Dioksin
(ope
n burning)
(ope
n burning)
��Public education to the farmer in order to avoid
Public education to the farmer in order to avoid illegaly
illegaly
used of
used of PO
PsPO
Pspesticides.
pesticides.
��Need to build
Need to build colab
oration
colaborationand coordination am
ong various stakeholder
and coordination am
ong various stakeholder
in
in
order to manage
order to manage POPs
POPs
.
Thank you
Thank you
(-)
(-)
(-)
5µg/L
Toxaphane
(-)
44
1µg/L
Endrin
(-)
(-)
(-)
18
µg/L
Heptachlor and Heptachlor epoxide
22
22
µg/L
DDT
(-)
(-)
(-)
3µg/L
Chlordane
(-)
(-)
(-)
17
µg/L
Aldrin/ Dieldrin
IVIII
III
Maximum Allowable Concentration Based on Class Category
Unit
Param
eter
River W
ater Quality Criteria for POPsRegarding to Indonesia
Government Regulation No. 82/2001
Note :
Irrigation.
IV
Fishery
, live sto
ck farm
ing, irrigation
III
Wate
r re
creation, fishery
, live sto
ck farm
ing,
irrigation
II
Drinkin
g w
ate
r so
urc
es
I
Relevant Purp
ose
Cate
gory
POPs RESULT IN WATER INDONESIA 2004
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Concentration (ppb)
Surabaya
Semarang
Jakarta-Bogor
City
Maximum Recorded Level of POPs in River and
Coastal Water (Rainy Season )
Aldrin
p,p'-D
DE
4,4'-D
DD
o,p'-D
DT
p,p'-D
DT
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Concentration (ppb)
Suraba
yaSem
aran
gJakarta-Bog
or
City
Maximum recorded Level of POPs in River and
Coastal Water (Dry Season )
p,p'-DDT
��In dry season only p
In dry season only p-- p’DDT was detected in some water sample collected from
p’DDT was detected in some water sample collected from
Surabaya and Bogor
Surabaya and Bogor --Jakarta with low concentration (
Jakarta with low concentration (0.01
0.01 µµg/L)
g/L)
��In rainy season DDT and its derivate were detected scattered w
In rainy season DDT and its derivate were detected scattered with the highest
ith the highest
concentration detected for pp’DDT in coastal water Tanjung Perak
concentration detected for pp’DDT in coastal water Tanjung PerakHarbor Surabaya
Harbor Surabaya
(0.57
(0.57 µµg/L). Maximum concentration of DDT and its derivate majority we
g/L). Maximum concentration of DDT and its derivate majority were detected in
re detected in
Surabaya.
Surabaya.
��DDT detected in water samples still below Indonesia environment
DDT detected in water samples still below Indonesia environment water quality
water quality
standard ( 2
standard ( 2 µµg/L) regarding to Indonesia government regulation no. 82/2001
g/L) regarding to Indonesia government regulation no. 82/2001. .
POPs RESULT IN RIVER SEDIM
ENT 2004
1
10
100
1000
Concentration
(ppb)
Surabaya
Semarang
Jakarta-Bogor
City
Highest Concentration of POPs Detected in
River Sediment (Dry Season )
Aldrin
Endrin
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
p-p'DDE
p-p'-DDD
o-p'-DDT
p-p'-DDT
Mirex
1
10
100
Concentration (ppb)
Surabaya
Semarang
Jakarta-Bogor
City
Highest Concentration of POPs Detected in River
Sediment (Rainy Season)
Aldrin
Endrin
Cis-Chlordan
p,p'-DDE
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDT
Mirex
��More PO
Ps and
higher concentration of PO
Ps were detected in riv
More PO
Ps and
higher concentration of PO
Ps were detected in riv er sediment
er sediment
during dry season than rainy season. Max
imum
concentration of P
during dry season than rainy season. Max
imum
concentration of POPs detected
OPs detected
in dry season have concentration range 1.42 to 22.6 ppb
in Surab
in dry season have concentration range 1.42 to 22.6 ppb
in Surab
aya; 0.93 to
aya; 0.93 to
7.53 ppb
in Semarang and 0.22 to 715 ppb
in Bogor
7.53 ppb
in Semarang and 0.22 to 715 ppb
in Bogor-- J
akarta meanwhile in rainy
Jakarta meanwhile in rainy
season has concentration range 0.05 to 3.07 in Surab
aya; 0.69 t
season has concentration range 0.05 to 3.07 in Surab
aya; 0.69 to 1.78 ppb
in
o 1.78 ppb
in
Semarang and 0.79 to 84.7 ppb
in Bogor Jakarta.
Semarang and 0.79 to 84.7 ppb
in Bogor Jakarta.
��Sediment sam
ples collected from Ciliwung River located in Jakar
Sediment sam
ples collected from Ciliwung River located in Jakarta either in dry
ta either in dry
or rainy season have higher max
imum
concentration of DDT and
it
or rainy season have higher max
imum
concentration of DDT and
it s derivates
s derivates
than sediment from Semarang and Surab
aya.
than sediment from Semarang and Surab
aya.
POPs RESULT IN RIVER BANK SOIL 2004
0
20
40
60
80
100
Concentration (ppb)
Surabaya
Semarang
Jakarta-Bogor
City
Maximum recorded Level of POPs in River Bank
Soil (Dry Season)
Aldrin
Endrin
Cis-Chlordan
p,p'-D
DE
p,p'-D
DD
o,p'-D
DT
p,p'-D
DT
Mirex
0
20
40
60
80
100
Concentration
(ppb)
Surabaya
Semarang
Jakarta-Bogor
City
Maximum recorded Level of of POPs in River Bank
Soil (Rainy Season )
Aldrin
Endrin
Dieldrin
Cis-Chlordan
p,p'-D
DE
p,p'-D
DD
o,p'-D
DT
p,p'-D
DT
Mirex
••For river bank soil, max
imum
concentration of pp
For river bank soil, max
imum
concentration of pp
-- DDT and
op
DDT and
op-- D
DT in Surab
aya and Bogor
DDT in Surab
aya and Bogor--
Jakarta were detected higher in dry season than in rainy season
Jakarta were detected higher in dry season than in rainy season
, but max
imum
, but max
imum
concentartion
concentartion
of pp
of pp-- D
DE, Dieldrin, End
rin and Aldrin were detected higher in rainy
DDE, Dieldrin, End
rin and Aldrin were detected higher in rainy season
season
specifically in river bank of Ciliwung River Jakarta.
specifically in river bank of Ciliwung River Jakarta.
••Max
imum
concentration of PO
Ps in soil detected in dry season has
Max
imum
concentration of PO
Ps in soil detected in dry season has
range 2.16 to 184 ppb
in
range 2.16 to 184 ppb
in
Surab
aya; 1.76 to 3.46 in Semarang; 2.12 to 61.5 in Bogor
Surab
aya; 1.76 to 3.46 in Semarang; 2.12 to 61.5 in Bogor-- Jakarta, meanwhile in rainy
Jakarta, meanwhile in rainy
season has range 1.18 to 32.9 ppb
in Surab
aya; 3.56 to 17 ppb
in
season has range 1.18 to 32.9 ppb
in Surab
aya; 3.56 to 17 ppb
inSemarang and 0.08 to 47.7
Semarang and 0.08 to 47.7
ppb in Bogor
ppb in Bogor-- Jakarta.
Jakarta.
POPs Concentration in Sampling Sites
Bogor-Jakarta 2004
BOGOR
BOGOR
JAKARTA
JAKARTA
Ciliwung River sampling sites
Ciliwung River sampling sites
Sea water sampling sites
Sea water sampling sites
01020304050
Concentration (ppb)
SC1
SC4
SC7
SC10
Location
Concentration of POPs in Sediment Bogor-Jakarta 2007
Metox
ychlo
ro,p
-DDD
p,p-DDD
p,p-DDE
o,p-DDT
p,p-DDT
Effects of
Effects of POPs
POPson Health and Environment
on Health and Environment
�Conclusive evidence :
Bird of prey population declined caused by DDE
DDT disturbs sexual development and behaviourin bird such as gulls
Strong indications that :
The capacity of the immune system is impaired by DDT
Lact
ation in w
om
en c
an b
e im
paired b
y D
DT/D
DE
Children in northern Quebec region of Canada who have had significant
exposure to PCBs, dioxin and furans through breast milk also had a
higher incident of middle ear infections than children who hadbeen
bottle fed.
