02 [Wk01L2] Eng Graphics and Sketching

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MEMB113 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & CAE

02 Engineering Graphics & Sketching


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MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

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SKETCHING

Contents

Overview

Sketching Engineering graphics & manual drawing

Drawing tools

Drawing sheets and layout

Lettering Lines

Scale

Abbreviations


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Overview

Engineering graphics communication involves

the use of visual material to convey technicalideas and problem solutions.

Engineering or technical drawing one of the most

widely used method.

Definition of drawing: A graphic representation of an idea, concept or an entity

which actually or potentially exists in life.


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Overview

Importance:

A way of communication between engineers at all stages ofthe design & problem solving from initial ideas, design,

analysis & manufacturing.

For Visualisation, Communication and Documentation

Visualisation

The ability to

mentally picture

things that do notexist in front of the

eyes.

Communicat ion

The design solution

should be

communicated toothers without

ambiguity

Documentat ion

Permanent record of

the solution for future

reference.


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Overview

Types of drawing :

artistic technical

Illustrations

rendering

15

10

R2.5

10


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Overview

Examples of different drawing types

A dimensioned technical/mechanical drawing 3-D computer model of the interior of

an office building


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Sketching


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Sketching

3 methods of creating technical drawings Freehand, mechanical & digital

Technical sketching is the process of producinga rough preliminary drawing representing themain features of a product or structure

Normally done by freehand, generally lessfinished, less structured/ restricted, & take lesstime to produce


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Sketching Technical sketches

Used extensively in the first stage of design processto visualise or convey ideas

An informal tool used by everyone involved in thedesign & manufacture of a product


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Sketching Sketching tool

Paper, pencils, eraser Sketching technique e.g.

Straight line sketch

Circle & arc

Component (proportional sketch)

Pictorial sketch In sketching, proportionality is important.

Even though it is a freehand sketch, the linesshould be relatively sharp and straight for a

good quality sketch.Mechanical

Sketched


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Sketching

Sketching straight line


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Sketching

Sketching circle

Sketching circle Sketching component(proportional)


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Sketching

Multi-view and pictorial sketches


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Engineering Graphics & Manual Drawing

B 3 D f h i l i i 200G


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Engineering graphics

Drawings are widely used in engineering applications:

manufacturing, design, structural, electrical, etc. Standards and conventions

To ensure everybody using the same method

Commonly used:

ANSI, ASME, ISO, JIS, MS, DIN, BS

What will you learn

Producing engineering drawings

Interpreting engineering drawings

Graphics theory, visualisation,

standards, conventions,

applications,etc.

MEMB113 | D t f M h i l E i i | UNITEN | 2005G

MEMB113 | MANUAL DRAWING | CHAPTER 1


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Engineering graphics E.g. Anatomy of a technical drawing

15

10

R2.5

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MEMB113 | D t f M h i l E gi i g | UNITEN | 2005G


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Drawing layout

One of the important aspect in technical

drawing is the layout What is drawing layout?

Example of engineering drawing with layout

Paper size

Components of a layout

Title block

Our layout

MEMB113 | Dept of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005G


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Drawing layout

Drawing layout is the standard template and

components of a drawing E.g.



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Drawing layout Drawing sheets paper sizes

Usually based on 'A' series Drawing sheets material -

paper, linen, plastic film

Drawing sheet layout

Sheet frames or border

Usually 20mm for A0 & A1,10mm for others

Title block or title frame

Represents general

information source for adrawing

Usually at bottom right-hand corner

A1

A2

A3

A4

A4

A0 : 1189x841

A1 : 841 x 594

A2 : 594 x 420

A3 : 420 X 297

A4 : 297 X 210

A5 : 210 X 148

A6 : 148 X 105

All in mm



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Title BlockThe title block is normally placed in the bottom right of the drawingframe, and it should contain the following information:- the name of the company or organization- the title of the drawing- the drawing number, which is generally a unique filing identifier- the scale- the angle of projection used, either first or third, generally shownsymbolically

- the signature or initials of the draftsman, checker, approving officer,and issuing officer, with the respective dates-other information as required

Material or Parts ListIf the drawing contains a number ofparts, or if it is an assembly drawing, atabulated parts list is attached to thebottom right of the drawing frame, justabove the title block.The parts list should give the following

information:the part numberthe part namethe quantity requiredmaterial specificationsthe drawing number of each individualpartother applicable informationWhen the parts list is very large aseparate drawing sheet may be usedfor the parts list alone.

Revision TableA revision table is normally locatedin the upper right of the drawingframe, or at the bottom on the leftside of the title block.All modifications to the drawingshould be documented here.

ZoningA drawing may be divided up into agrid using letters and numbers. Whenzoning is used it is located inside thedrawing frame.Zoning allows easy references tovarious parts of the drawing byreferencing a coordinate such as C7.

http://www.metrication.com/drafting/layout.htm

Drawing layout - components



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Drawing layout title block

A title block is the form on which the actual

drawing is a section. The title block includes theborder and the various sections for providingquality, administrative and technicalinformation. The importance of the title blockcannot be minimised as it includes all the

information which enables the drawing to beintepreted, identified and archived.

E.g.

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005G


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Our layout

10mm

10mm 10mm

Paper Size : A2 (594mm x 420mm)

regular paper size

drawing frame

UNIVERSTI TENAGA NASIONAL

TITLE

ALL D IMENSION S I N mm

Border width : 10mm all round

NAME

150 150

30 45

10

Lettering height : 7mm

30

COURSE NO.

SID SECTION

SCALEDATE

UNLESS STATED

OTHERWISE ALL

DIMENSIONS IN mm

TOLERANCES

LINEAR:

ANGULARFINISH

AS MACHINE

MATERIAL

CAST STEEL

DRAWN BY

MY FULL NAME IS VERY LONG

ME 000000 SEC 01A

DATE: 04/07/2005

CHECKED BY

UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

DRAWING TITLE

SCALE 1:1 DWG NO. 001 SHEET 1 OF 1



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Lettering

Text is an important part of a technical drawing. Notall info required on technical dwg can be

communicate graphically such as dimensions.

One method of creating text is by freehand lettering.

The standard style for freehand lettering is single-stroke Gothic lettering.

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005G MEMB113 | MANUAL DRAWING | CHAPTER 2


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Lettering Characteristic of good lettering

Should be neat, not sloppy

Should be uniform and consistenti.e. same height, proportion &inclination use guidelines

Should have proper spacing ofletters and words

Should not contain unnecessary

frills Should use capital letters except

for standard abbreviation e.g.mm, kg

Recommended minimum height2.5mm

Recommended height 5mm to7mm

Underlining of lettering should beavoided




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Lines Different line types for different purposes - to ensure drawing to be read

quickly & accurately

Types of lines and thickness of line Commonly used line types & thickness:

Pencil Description Usage Example

B/2B/0.5mm Continuous thick Drawing outlines &visible edges

Continuous thin Hatching, dimension &

projection lines

Continuous wavy

thick

Limit of partial view

Dashed thin Hidden detail

Long & short

dash thin

Center lines

2H/H/0.3mm

2H/H/0.3mm

2H/H/0.3mm

B/2B/0.5mm



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Lines

Standard line types used in technical drawing



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Scale

What does it mean?

Scale indicates the relative size of the drawing object with the real object Scale used should always be stated on drawing a very important info

that is usually written in the title block. 'do not scale' / 'not to scale / NTS the drawing is not drawn to a certain

scale Recommended scale

1:1 for full size for greater than full size

2:1 for twice full size 10:1 for ten times full size

for reduced size 1:2 for half full size 1:10 for tenth full size

other common scale

1:5, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:500 etc.

Actual

size1:1

2:1 1:2


bb


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Abbreviations

Word/phrase Abbreviations

Assembly ASSYCentre line CL orChamfer CHAMCountersink CSINKCounterbore CBOREMaterial MATL

Maximum MAXMinimum MINNumber NOPitch CircleDiameter PCDRadius RAD or R

Required REQD

Word/phrase Abbreviations

Cylinder CYLDiameter DIA orExternal EXTFigure FIGHexagon HEXInternal INT

Specification SPECSquare SQ Standard STDMAX MATLcondition MMCVolume VOL

Weight WT


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End of chapter [02]References:-Engineering Drawing, A.W. Boundy, McGraw-Hill, 2000-Fundamentals of Graphics Communication 3rd Edition, Gary Bertoline & Eric Weibe, McGraw-Hill

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02 [Wk01L2] Eng Graphics and Sketching