012 013 ZS Dvanaesto i Trinaesto Predavanje

Energetski efikasni materijali i Energetski efikasni materijali i dijagnostikadijagnostika termotehnikih termotehnikih

performansi zgradaperformansi zgrada

Fond: 3+1Fond: 3+1

DDr arko STEVANOVIr arko STEVANOVIInstitut za nuklearne nauke Institut za nuklearne nauke VINAVINA

Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetikuLaboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku

XII i XIIIXII i XIII PREDAVANJEPREDAVANJE

1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

6. 7.

1.

ENERGY

IEQ

BALANS

ECOLOGY

HEALTH

ECONOMY

1.

: , :

11. :1. - ,

;2. ;3. ;4. / ,

.

1.

(: SRPS EN 15251)

1.

E

A

?

1.

?

:

,

:() SRSP ISO17025.

2.

1. , .

2. ( , ).

3. ( )

4. .

5. .

3.

--

1. : SRPS EN 15378: Heating systems in buildings - Inspection of boilers and heating systems

2. :SRPS EN 15240: Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of air-conditioning systemsSRPS EN 15239: Ventilation for buildings - Energy performance of buildings - Guidelines for inspection of ventilation systems

3.

3. SRPS ISO 9869: Thermal insulation - Building elements - In-situ measurement of thermal resistance and thermal transmittance

4. :SRPS EN 13829: Thermal performance of buildings -Determination of air permeability of buildings - Fan pressurization methodSRPS EN ISO 12569: Thermal performance of buildings -Determination of air change in buildings - Tracer gas dilution method

--

4.

: ( 12, , ):

1. (U - )2. ()3. (

, , ) .

4. -

i be eq q q q

e se

si i

eq

iq

beq

. .

. .

4.

, , ,

, , ,

c i si i rad i rad i i

se si

c e e se rad e e rad e

h Eh

h Eh

( ):

4.

, , , , , , ,ch f c V X O Nu

ch X

:

Nu = Re,Pr,Grf :

4 3rad mh

12m rad s

-8 2 45.6710 [W/m K ]

4.

U:

1

e i T

qUR

T si be seR R R R

1se sibeR q

e iq U

1

,si

rad i i

RE h h

1

,se

rad e e

RE h h

R:

4.

:

- U:

ISO 9869:1994 1st Ed. Thermal insulation Buildingelements In situ measurement of thermal resistance andthermal transmittance (Appendix A)

ISO 7726:1998 2nd Ed. Ergonomics of thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities.

4.

:

1. - e (oC).2. - i (oC).3. -

q (W/m2)4. (,

, .) - se (oC).5. (,

, .) - si (oC).6. - rad (oC).

4. (1)

:

, , ().

(, , , .), U- ( ) .

. U- ,

.

4. (2)

:1. :

: - . : -

, .

2. , , , , .

3. 15.

4.

07:30 12:30 17:30 22:30 03:30 08:30 13:300

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0

9

18

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

q

[W/m

]

time q [W/m] U-vrednost [W/mK]

DT[K]

U-v

redn

ost [

W/m

K]

4.

, ,N

se j si jj 1

be N

jj 1

Rq

, ,

N

jj 1

N

e j i jj 1

qU

U Rbe :

: , N .

4.

ISO 9869 o .

N 2low ii 1

:

:N

high ii 1

( i ) ,

(< 5% ).

(< 5% ).

(< 3% ).

U (< 10% ).

a (< 5% ).

ISO 9869:

28%T

4.

U:1. ISO 6946:2007 2nd Ed. Building components and building elements

Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method

2. ISO 10077-1:2007 1st Ed. Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 1: General

3. ISO 10077-2:2003 1st Ed., Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 2: Numerical method for frames

4. ISO 14683, Thermal bridges in building construction Linear thermal transmittance Simplified methods and default values

5. ISO 10211:2007 1st Ed. Thermal bridges in building construction Heat flows and surface temperatures Detailed calculations

4. -

.

( ) , (, ) .

, , , .

, .

4. -

(ventilation rates) :

1. a SRPS EN 13829:2008: Thermal performances of buildings Determination of air permeability of buildings Fan pressurization method

2. a SRPS EN 12569:2009: Thermal insulation in buildings Determination of air change in buildings Tracer gas dilution method

, : ( ) (

, )

( ),

.

, , .

4. -

1. a :

T

np L TQ C p

(m3 / h)

50 [Pa] n50 LQ C (1 / h)

T

T

pp

Qn

V

50

50QnV

(m3 / h m2 )

5050

F

QwA

4. -

2. a (CO2): :

:

in out

GQC C

:

,in outC C - CO2 , , (ppm)G - CO2 (m3 / s)Q - (m3 / s)

ln lnin 2 out 2 in 1 out 12 1

C C C CQ V

V - (m3) - (s)

4. -

1. a :

- , . . (

, , )

2. a (CO2): : , , . CO2 : (). .

4.

3.4.

2012

5.4.

2012

6.4.

2012

7.4.

2012

10.4

.201

2

11.4

.201

20

500

1000

1500

2000

2500 Indoor CO2 Outdoor CO2

Kon

cent

raci

ja C

O2 [

ppm

]

VREME

4.

: , ; , , (. , , / , .)

5.

() , , .

, , , ( 2, SRPS EN 15251).

(. , , CO2, , .), .

: (Predicted Percentage ofDissatisfied - PPD). .

5.

: SRPS EN 15251: Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics

1. :SRPS EN ISO 7730: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of PMV and PPD indices and local thermal criteriaSRPS EN ISO 7726: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities

2. :CR 1752: Ventilation for Buildings: Design Criteria for the Indoor Environment

3. :SRPS EN 12464-1: Light and lighting Lighting of work places Indoor work places

4. : (. , .54/92)

5. -

(SRPS EN ISO 7730):

o

PMV Predicted Mean Vote ( )

PPD Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied ( )

5. -

rada AA 10

Var (m/s) < 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.0

A 0.5 0.6 0.7

:

:

rad

:

5. -

PMV

:

m w rc re k r c e sQ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

:

Qm Qw Qrc Qre Qk Qr Qc Qe Qs

5. -

PMV

aclcclradclclcl

a

a

M

hf

fM

pMWM

pWMWMe

44

8

5

3

036.0

273273

1096.3340014.0

5867107.115.5842.0

99.657331005.3028.0303.0PMV

:

aclccl

radclclcl

cl

hffI

WM

448 2732731096.3

028.07.35

araclar

araclaclc VV

Vh

1.1238.21.121.1238.238.2

25.0

25.025.0

)C/W m (078.0645.005.1)C/W m (078.0290.100.1

2

2

clcl

clclcl II

IIf

:

(W/m2)W (W/m2)Icl . (m2C/W)fcl

a (C) rad

(C) Var

(m/s)pa

(Pa)hc

. (W/m2C)cl (C)

1 met = 58.2 W/m21 clo = 0.155 m2C/W

5. -

(SRPS EN ISO 7726):

- rad - RH ( pa ) - ( )Var -

PMV :

PMV

-3,

-2,

-1,

0,

+1,

+2,

+3,

5. -

PPD 2PMV2179.0PMV03353.095100PPD e

5. -

PMV-PPD (SRPS EN 15251):

PPD (%) PMV

I < 6 - 0.2 < PMV < + 0.2

II < 10 - 0.5 < PMV < + 0.5

III < 15 - 0.7 < PMV < + 0.7

IV > 15 - 0.7 > PMV > + 0.7

.

II.

5. -

(SRPS EN ISO 7730):( SRPS EN 15251)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. -

.

CEN CR 1725 SRPS EN 15251, :

( ),

CO2

5. -

(Percentage of Dissatisfied - PD), :

5. -

SRPS EN 15251, :1. :

(L/s/pers.)

(L/s/m2)

. .

I 10 0.5 1 2

II 7 0.35 0.7 1.4

III 4 0.2 0.4 0.8

2. CO2, :

CO2

I 350 ppm

II 500 ppm

III 800 ppm

IV > 800 ppm

5. -

CO2

5. -

.

dB(A), 2, (. , . 54/92).

( ), , , .

, SRPS EN 15251 (x , .1) , dB(A) .

5. -

.

SRPS EN 15251 (x D, D.1) SRPS EN 12464-1, .

, 6 SRPS EN 12464-1.

SRPS EN 13032 1, 2 3.

6.

, :

1. , , , .

2. , , ,

3.

4. ,

5.

( , , , )

6.

7.

7.

():

1. SRPS EN ISO 7730: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of PMV and PPD indices and local thermal criteria

2. SRPS EN ISO 7726: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities

3. CR 1752: Ventilation for Buildings: Design Criteria for the Indoor Environment

1. CIBSE Guide A: Environment al design, January 2006 (7th edition) The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers London, ISBN-10: 1-903287-66-9

7.

: PMV - PPD

1. (SRPS EN ISO 7730): = 1 met ( - ), W = 02. (SRPS EN ISO 7730):Icl = 1.0 clo ( : . )3. ():a = 24 C4. ():RH = 50 %5. 1.1m ( , SRPS EN ISO 7726):Var = 0.1 m/s ( )6. (rad )

7.

1.1m SRPS EN ISO 7726:

1. (si).

2. SRPS EN ISO 7726:.

, ,

N4 4rad si j p j

j 1F

gde je Fp,j , N

7.

PMV - PPD SRPS EN ISO 7730 (RH = 50 %)

0.5 25+0.5 23=24 C0 a radA 1 A PMV

2- 0.033530.2+0.21790.2PPD 100-95 6.4 %)(e

7.

(oC)

H=0.1m

H=1.1m

7.

H=0.1m

H=1.1m

(oC)

7.

H=0.1m

H=1.1m

(m/s)

7.

H=0.1m

H=1.1m

(oC)

7.

H=1.1m

H=1.1m

PMV (-)

PPD (%)

7.

AGE (sec)

CO2 (ppm)

Its much better to be approximately right than

absolutely wrong !

Brian D. Spolding, CHAM Limited

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012 013 ZS Dvanaesto i Trinaesto Predavanje