1

, :

, , , .

( , ECDL (http://www.ecdl.com) ECDL- .

1.1

. , :

( e-mail= e -

, ) .

, . , . ( ) . . .

1.1.1

:

,

,

( 1) (

)

,

, - ( 2)

( CD,

on-line), -,

-

1.1.2

, . , (www.mno.gov.mk), (www.hranaivino.com.mk), (www.mia.com.mk) (www.meteo.gov.mk). ( . http://www.soros.org.mk/), , ( . T-Mobile www.tmobile.com.mk, www.cosmofon.com.mk), ( . ".." http://www.rjk.edu.mk/), ( . ". " http://www.ukim.edu.mk/), .

1.1.3

. - () . (, , , , , , .). : - ( http://odl-skopje.etf.ukim.edu.mk) - ( http://ii.pmf.ukim.edu.mk)

1.2

() ( 1) . . , , : , , ( 2)., , , . , , . . . , , .

() , . ( 2)

1.2.1

( 1) . . , , , , . -. ( " ") , ,, , , . . , . :

( 2) ( Pocket PC) PDA- ( 3)

, . .

1.2.2

( 1) ( ) . ( 2) . ( 3) .

( 4) . - .

1.2.3

. .

. , . . ( 1) . . . ( 2) . . ( 3) . . . ( 4) - . -, . - - . ( 5)

1.2.4 -

(.. ) . . = 8 . : *

() 1.000 1.000.000 1.000.000.000

*: 2, 1.024 (210) 1024 1024 , .

1.2.4.1

:

1.44 720 4

CD ( )

( ).

650

. DVD ( )

4.5

USB

.

8 4

-

- . .

40-160

20

- . . .

40-160

20

.

1.3

, CD-ROM, .

, , . , : , - . . . , ,

, .

1.3.1

, , . , . , . : , , . :

- : , . ( 1)

(P2P) : P2P , . , . ( 2)

1.3.2

:

( ISDN ADSL); ( ).

( 1) ( ) UTP - (Unshielded Twisted Pairs - , 2);

( 3) - ;

- ; (WLAN Wi-Fi ,

WIMAX) - , . - .

1.3.3

:

LAN ( ) - , , / . .

MAN ( ) - / LAN . .

WAN ( ) - . ( 1 LAN, MAN WAN)

GAN ( ) - , . ( 2) :

1.3.3.1

( 1) . , (LAN +MAN +WAN). . , . www.ads.gov.mk 193.231.239.1 . ICANN - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ). .

1.3.3.2

, , , . , ( ) . . (firewall) 4. ( 1) . , : , .

1.4

:

1.4.1

:

ASCII

1.4.1.1

: , , , , , . , , . -

.

. - .( 1) , . , - , . . , . ( 2)

1.4.1.2 ,

, , , , . . , . , , , .( 1)

1.4.1.3

. , , ,

. , . , , . . . , , , , . . ASCII . ( 1) . : 2 (21=2), 4 2 (22=4), 8 3 (23=8). , 26 26 , 10 ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + - = [ ] { } ; : < > ? / \ | ` ~ . , 100. 7 27=128 . EBCDI, ASCII . 8 , 1B () 8 . . ASCII , .

32 44 , 56 8 68 D 80 P 92 \ 104 h 116 t 33 ! 45 - 57 9 69 E 81 Q 93 ] 105 i 117 u 34 46 . 58 : 70 F 82 R 94 ^ 106 j 118 v 35 # 47 / 59 ; 71 G 83 S 95 _ 107 k 119 w 36 $ 48 0 60 < 72 H 84 T 96 108 l 120 x 37 % 49 1 61 = 73 I 85 U 97 a 109 m 121 y 38 & 50 2 62 > 74 J 86 V 98 b 110 n 122 z 39 51 3 63 ? 75 K 87 W 99 c 111 o 123 { 40 ( 52 4 64 @ 76 L 88 X 100 d 112 p 124 | 41 ) 53 5 65 A 77 M 89 Y 101 e 113 q 125 } 42 * 54 6 66 B 78 N 90 Z 102 f 114 r 126 ~ 43 + 55 7 67 C 79 O 91 [ 103 g 115 s 127

ASCII . 128 , 256 . . ASCII . , . ASCII . ASCII - Shift, Ctrl Alt, .

1.4.2

:

-

1.4.2.1

. . . () . . (, .). 1 .

, . ( 1)

1.4.2.2

. (sampling). . , - . , . 1 ADC. . . , - . . . ( 2) , , . . , , . , . ( 3)

1.4.2.3

. , . , . . .

CD ( CD) 44.100 (44.1 KHz), 16 .( 1)

1.4.3

.

1.4.3.1

. , (). , 1, 0. . . . , .

1 -. 1, 0. e .

() . () . , 10*10 20*20 . 1024*768 . - : , , . - . : . , . , . , 256, 256- , . , 8 (28=256). 16 , 216= 65536 .

1.4.3.2

. , . . , . , .

, 15 800 600 . 800*600 . , 800*600 . , 1024*768, 800*600 .

1 640*480 15 832*624 640*480 . 20 1024*768 640*480 . , . , 800*600 , - .

1.4.4

: () . .

1.4.4.1

. . , . .

, . . . . , .

1 . . 3 24 .

1.4.4.2

, . . . , . . , . 1 .

, , . 3 24 , .

1.4.4.3

. . ppi (pixels per inch). - , 72 ppi, , 300 ppi. . , . , . , , o .

. . , 1*1 72 ppi. 5184 (72 * 72 = 5184 ). , 300 ppi 90,000 . .

1 72-ppi, , 300-ppi. - . . . -, . ( ). . , .

1.4.4.4

. dpi (dots per inch). . 96 dpi, 72 dpi. . . , . , 1*1 144-ppi 72-dpi, 2*2 . 72 , 2 144 . . dpi (dots per inch). 300 600 dpi, 1200 dpi . , , , . . , 300 720 dpi. 1 . . lpi (lines per inch). . 1.5 2 . , . . . , , .

1.4.4.5

. , .

1 , , , , .

, , , . . - , , . () . . . . .

1.4.5

. Windows Windows Media Player. Start Programs Accessories. Entertaiment Windows Media Player. Real Player. Windows , .

1.4.5.1 WINSOWS MEDIA PLAYER

Windows Media Player . . ( 1)

, - (Play) . Windows Media Player Play.( 2) , (Pause). Windows Media Player Pause.( 3) Windows Media Player Stop. - (Stop) ( 4)

1.4.5.2 REAL PLAYER

Real Player . . .

Real Player CD-a, DVD-a . 2 Real Player, Windows Media Player

1.4.5.3

. , , , .

Windows Media Player File Open.

1 Windows Media Player . . . . . Browse. Files of type. . Windows Media Player , .( 2)

1.5

-

(wearable computers) (pervasive computing) (ubiquitous computing).

1.5.1

( 1). . . . . , , , .

1.5.2

. , , . , , , . . , , , . . , . . . , .

1.5.3

. . , . , . , , . . , , . , . , . , , , , . ( 1). , , .