-
" .
leES C.M. 1995
Not to bt'i cited without rri~)r reference to the author
BiolC'gicai Oc.eanographyCommitteeCM 1995/l~: 19
SPEeIES COMPOSITION SEASONAL AND LONG-TERM DYNAMICS
OFZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND BIOM/\.sS IN TlIE·VIS11JLA
LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA
by
E.Naumenko
Atlantic Scicntific Research Institute ofManne Fisheries and
Oceanography(AtlantNIRO), 5, Dm.Donskoy Str., Kaliningrad,
Russiu'
\
ABSTRACT
Faunistic composition ofzooptankton in thc Vistula Lngoon und
seasonal andlong··term dynamics ofzooplankton nbundance and biomass
are analyscd on thcbasis 01' tong-tenn ubservntions, pertbnncd by
the author in 1980-1994. 1t isshown that during thc last 10-15
years thc plan1.1:on assembly hus beeilundergone structural changes
stipulütcd by anthropogenous impact UpO[1 theecosystem. Analysis
ofabiotic envirollmental fuctars defined thc development ofthe
Vistula Lagoon zooplankton is performed. Thc major role of
watertemperature is determining zooplank.1:on biomass and salinity
in determiningspecies composition ofthe assembly is shown.
, ,
iudICES-paper-Thünenstempel
-
2.
IntroductiOll
•, .
..•
Zooplankton s~mr;ks '.\\~n~ collcct~d at 3 st.ations (Fig, 1) by
t!l;;Vovk's ~ar~l}1:\.:r (Vo\'k. i9·~~!'j 01.' 10 1 voiumc, from ~.
by~r:; (lmrft~cc.ilit.:.:mct!icl~c ,-hlU lü\vcr) kL.:.iiy OI1CC per
l1HmtIl from April to }Jo\\:n:b.:.·. ~:l:d""'''i> l~""it
....!O;, l'lll'!"">l"'J"l" r'·,··.· ,-.,1 ~.·.'''tl'i'",··.t
'\''""le- c·,rrl·(··:1 \.')llt by t11" , ,,,< ~"\,""1,., 1 ...
\.'\0" I V ';'1 "") ...... "'-'_......... .: ...... Li .... "
.......... '-'.... " ..... .:Jo Y-.I ",u .J. '--, \i"'........tl •
.::::mcthod (I-h:nsen, 1837). InJi\'idunl~ of cach spccies wcrc
counteu. Cn1s!~(;{'~~!~qwere .C1n.~>sitied by Jge-l~ngth groups
und appropriutc dcv~ionm~lli sr~~:~~~.Copepoua nuuplii wcre
c1assificd imo orthona'Jpiii and mclhwi~Ur:.Ei,
,;"up,~P(l'~:;t'nte) st·,·,··", ('-1'1' '·t1{' 1"-\f "(I'11~
jndJ·v;·' .... ·l~ - l'n"'-lo m"lc(' f(., ,'.,C"' ,\,;,i~i""lt
..,,~,~. J ..4,b...... oJI .l lo.. t _ Y ti, \.4 ~ .. \.
............ ~y4..a....c. ~ ~ 4-" ....... ~ Jkl\., ..-, " I ...v..
'-.,,~,:Osacks [lad \Vilh cgg 3ack~,
...... • I " l' (' , ,.. . 1 1 '1 •Ijlcmu..::;3 was (;Sllll1uteu
acco:-amg to rc ntlOtl 01 mGl\!l~i:l.! OUO)" \\ i,;i:;d u;:J
ll.:hgth (BalushkiuCl, Vinbcrg. 1979). Zocpianktoll ~bulld3nct=
:.:.nd biom:.!::;:.; is~sesf.cd in m3, e
Rcsults
Z t k . ~ I V· 1 l' ,. .... '~oop an ~ton communtty ot 11(~
l;jnl.U .agoo1}}'; rcpre~;'.:nk·J r,~' .1 j'11:;/-:(groups, such
:lS Rot:~tari['.. C!J.uecera, Copepoca. In spring m~d ~llrmlt.::'
':)~:~~1':othcr invertebrates group~ :.m.: tound, such os
~yrriocdia nauplii .:md P!niichct~wethanuuplii. Zoopbnbün is
rl.~prcs~nled. by 58' spccics ~md S'.~~)SF;:C:'~s,. 'I u' ·...6· n
.... t1; : ..... r Il. ;r"'!j.1,,,,",o,,1' 1" t... C, ....,,:~ ....
,·t,/'-,.·_~ .. """"\ ·r~~·tue U ing.) 5p... CIC;:S 01 nlll ll)'
kl.. ~J ...h __...·...L·.~"'.::I •.• ..) 01. \"l"J}'(h.•- ..... ..
,,,~ -I' .,1,;spccics numbcr in tilo:.;e ~~roWi:~ \"ar:ed in
h.~iation to salil1itv 2rndic::t iil (;itTcrcn{_ A • _Ofens of
Lugoon. Tht; ml)~;t spc:cics di\'crsity was {jbs~r\'cd in
hn1c~:i~!-;. ;:n::.t nc:.;:-the Prcgol riv~~rs mouth. In thc
:U't~~s ::Jjnccnt to the Baltic stmi~ .~;:: ;:I.I~:::L~r i.
-
..•
J
1ciuperature occurccl. Duririg the yeafS \vhen salinity exceedcd
the !ong-t('rmavcrrige~ nunlbcr of specics in zoopla~kton
comrhunity ~ecrcascd und eurihalincinvcrtcbrates predominat~d .
During'low sminity pcriods fresh-wntcf organizmsdistnbuted tO\vards
the BaItic strmt. Neverthclcss during thc years with
\'::lIioushydrologieal coriditiOlls the group of species
sustainablc to snliIiity variations wasobscrvcd, inclÜding such
species as, Rotatona: K.quadmtri: K.cochknris.13.calvciflorus.
F.lOllgi$cta, H.fenrlica; CI~docera: D.brachvurÜm;
Copc;1oda:E.ritlltlis.
Copepoda predomi~atcd in zooplank.-ton coirimuniiy amounted to
54% urtotal iooplankton aburidrincc 3l1d 781% of bioinnss (Fig. 2).
Rotn~oda r~prcscntssignificririt contribtition (up to 44%) to
iOoplunktöil abluidnr.ce, Cludoccrc.amounts' to 2~1o of totul
ubundailc~ und 12~:o of biomass. Tlic· group of sp\.:cics,foürid
ili smnplcs durinu cillirc pedod or observütion arid
'ccntributcdsi'grli11cantly zooplaak'ton ;buridnnce nnd, bkimass,
iricluds such specics nsB.cnlvciflorus, K.qundm1a. F.10!1i'!!s('ti
E.dlinis.
. DUrillg tIiC vcgc~tion pcr:od pcak~ of ~pcci\;s dC\'c!opmcnt
w.,;re ohscrvcd:n thc Vistula Laci00n zooplan1cton commünity,
r~.:)l~ltcJ iIi s~usol1Ul SpCCiC3"groups fonn3tion. In spring penks
of development \vcr~ ob~crved in. thcilo};owil1g. spccics: 1\.
Drlodoata.. B.anilulnris. B.cnJYcinoru~! _K.ql.lndmta,H.ferinicn,
Synh~eta spo.. A,viridis. Csrrenuus, E.äffini~:, ·H:irr.ucticidnc
(Fig. 3).In summer peak 01' ablindcince WCI-C obsen'ed :n u11
Cbdoccra. uS \;"dl ~s in
.Rotatorin, B.calyciflorus. ß.ammbris. D.nrccus. E:djlg!~~ta; r.
!on
-
4
. .
~ynamics of Copepoda aburidance and biomass shO\yed two peaks,
in spring(April-May) and in auturnn (August-September). During the
spring maximumaverage abundance of Copep~)da amounled to i42
thous.ind.m-3 , and biomass1.5 g.m-:J . Peaks of abtindarice arid
biomac.;s showed nö c
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5
lIing 1986-1990. Hcsidcs, the hiomuss increase associated to the
decrease 01'Ildividuals weight in commufl,it}'. During the
latcstpcriod (1991-1993)
.!.ooplankton devcloplllcnt inthe Vistula Lagoon may be dcfincd
as mi a...erag~one. No variability 6f dominutcd species number was
observed. .
Discussion
Zooplankton of the Vistula Lagoon has been researchcd for a long
periodsince the end of 19th century. The first researches were
crirried out by Gerniuri'scicntists (Schroedd~r, 1866; WiIler~
1925). hi the second half of ihe 20thCl~ntllry zooplankton 01' the
Polish part of the VistiJ,la Lago
-
b
.Zingst from 1.5 to 8.5°'0. Water saJinity 18 an imrortant
fhctor, which Jcfineszooplankton developmcnt. Satinity
variations
-
Relerences
.'> •
l.Adumkiewicz-Chojnacka B., ROlanska ·Z. 1990. Scasonal
variations or, .the biomass 01' Copcpoda and Rotatona: permanent
cOtnponents of thezOllplanktön in tlle Vistula Lagoön.'::'
'l.imnologica (Berlin), 20(1), p.i 1-73.
. 2. Adanlkicwicz-Chojnacka ß.. Rozanska Z., Wicclu\vski
F.1985.Functional depcndencics between numbers of th~' zooplankton
arid sdcctcdcnvironlllcntal factors i.l bnickin watcrs of the
Vistula Lagoon.-Acta.Acmlagr.ac.tcchn.Olstcll.Prot.aquarum et
pisc.byJ. Z~sznauc. l\RTOlztYllie.Ochr. \\'()o. i ryb.spodlad.-No
14. p.75-83.
3. Androntlikovu I.N. 1988. Utilization ofzooplanktcin
structure-fuIictionaIilloices in the monitoring
system//l-IydrobioIC'gicaI researchcs of sea rind frcsh
. L '47 -, " .waters.- .pp. -::>.... • '. ., 4. BaIushkina
.V. Vinberg 0.0. 1979. Relation bet\vecn body \veight undlength jil
plankton organizmsil General priciples of aquatic ccho:;ystems
rese.lfcheditcd bYG.G.Vinhcrg.-L.pp.169-172. - ,
5: Heerk!oss R.. Scnese W., Adamkiewicz-Chojnacka B. 1991.
Scasonulvariation ill t·h'.: biomuss or zoop:ci.nkton in two
sballow 'coastal water illlcts
, .differing in thcir stage of eutrophication.- I~lt.Revue
ge:.Hydrobi61.,vol.76.No 3,p.397404. ,
6. Hensen V. 1887. Ueber die Bestimmung des Planl·....tons oder
im !vlccretreib'enJen Matcriales an Pflanzen und Tiereil.
FuenfterBei.Kommiss.Wiss.Untersuch.DeutSch.Meer.Kiel.
1882':'1886.XIl-XVI:l;..108., 7. KhIebovich V. V. 1974. CriticaI
salinity of biologicaI prOccsscs..L.Nauka, 236p. .
8. Krasovskaya N. V. 1992. Baltic herring abundance dynamics in
'thcVistulci Lagoonl/Scientific papers/Ecological fishery
researehes in tbc Vistula .Lagoon'oftiJc Baltic Sca.-Kalillingrad,
pp.121-I50. . .
. 9. Kruchkova N.M. 1987. Z"oplaril1:on community structure in
vanousbaSirisllProduction - hydrobiological researehes of aquatic
ecosystems. e, .Nau~·pp.184-298. .
,10. Krylova 0.1. 1985. Planl'1on and benthos functioning iri
thc Gurrish3nd Vistula Lagoons of the Baltic Sea in reft:rence ,to
thdr echologicaldiffercnces/AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad, 225p. Rus.,
Dep. in CNIITEIRH 21.10.85.N 714-px. .. '.' '. '. " .
11. LisuS Yu. 1971. Coiohr and transpariricy'
IlHydronieteorologiccl .conditioris of the Visttlla Lagoon/edited
l'y .N.LaZarcllko, aMayevskiy.L.Hydrometizdai. pp.~63-264.
12. Rozanska Z. 1963. ZOoplankton Zalewu Wis:anego.-Ze,;-;Zyt)l
NaukoweWyiej Szkoly Rolniczej w Oisztynie.~.16, Nr.278,s.41;,57.
.
-
,...--------------- ~---- --
8
13. Schoedler IE. 1866. Die Cladoceren des Frischen Haffs.
Archiv fuerNaturgeschichte, Jard.32, Bd.l.
14. Solovyev 1.1. J971. Morphoruetric characterictics ofthe
Lagoon and itsco~'t line/Hydrometcorological conditions of the
Vistula Lagoon/edited byN.N.tazarenko, AMayevs!dy,-L.,
Hydrometiz.dat. pp. 6-10.
15. Willer A 1925. ~ Studien ueber das Frische Haff-Zeitschrift
fuerFischerei, Bd.23.
16. Zhuravlyeva L.A, Tshosinska A 1971. 'Hydr()(}hemicaJ
conditionsllHydrochemicaI conditiolls of the Vistula Lagoon/Edited
by N.N.Lazarenko,.
. ,A.Mayevskiy. L.Hyrometizdat. pp.219-262.
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- 9 -
. Teble 1
Parameters eharaeterlzlng morphometry hydrography' and degre.
ofeutrophleatlon of the of Vlltula lagoon
r-
Author I -Parameter Russian part Polish part , AuthorArea 472,5
km;! Solovjev,1971 328 km" I Heerkloss
Iet all,1991,Mean depth 2,7 m .. 2,4m ' ..- - - -
Salinity 0,3-8,5 %0 I Juruvleva,Tschosfnska, .0,7-4;5 %0,- -
I
I1971 . I
pH-value I 6.4-9,2 , 8,5 + • I- - - -Secchi·depth I 0,5-1,2 m .,
Lysas,1~71 0,3-1 ,0m I ,.- -02 I 6.3-12,5 mg/I
Juruvleva,Tschosinska, II 1911Phosphate . 39 mkg/l ,- . .
N02' 15 mk /1 •- .9 IL-_
N_O_3·_--'-_2_30_m_k_gl_'--..L " -'-.~.._._:_.,:_.~__~I
Table 3
Average value ot zooplankton abundanee (N, ths.lnd.l m3 ) and
bloma.s '. (B,g/m3 ) In the VI.tul. lagoon (russlan part) In
1980·1993 year.
Cr~ops N er B er
Rotatoria 63,5 62,6 0,09 0,09 ,....~...:-.: .-.=
0,11 0,18Cladoc'era .' 3,5 6~6. '. I
Copepoda 18,6 42;2' 0,71 0,40.
Total 145,6 96,1 0,91 0.46
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- '-10 -
Table 2Specias composition of zooplankton community in the
Vistula 'Iagoon
Speeles Author's KryIOVI, Rozanlka,dala 1985 1963
Rotatorla
Anureopsis fissa (Gosse) +-Ascomorpha sp. Perty +A.~p'anchna
prlodonta Gosso + + +Brachionus angularis Gosse + + +B.calyciftorus
c::Jlycillorus Pallas + + +B. .;.". amphiceros +B.•". anureiformis
Brehm. +. .-B. -". sp!nosus Wierr. +-B.quadridentatus
quadridentatus Herrn. + + +B.•n. hyphalmyros Tschag. +B. plicatiiis
plicatilis Mull. +.B. rubens Ehrb. +B. urceus (L.) + +Brachionus
sp. +Colurella sp. Bory de St.Vincent +Euchlanis dilataia Et'lrb. +
+Filinia brachiata (Rousselet) +F. Iongiseta (Ehrb.) + + +Hexartra
fennic::i (Lev.) +
" ..: + +J
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- 11 -
Teble 2 (contJn~ed)
Speeles Author'. Krylova, Rozanska,data 1985 1963
T. (s.str.) poclllum (MUlL) +Trl~hocerca spp. Lamark + " +
Cladocera
p'ona sp. Oaird +Alonella ~xiglJa Lill.. +Bosmina coregonl Baird
+ ..B..... maritima P.E.Mu!ler + +B. longirostris (O.F.Muller ) + +
+Ceriodaphnia quadrangula O.F.Muller +C; pulchella G.O.Sars +C.
reticulata (Jurine) +Chydorus sphaericus O.F.Muller + + +Daphnia
crystata Sars +D.cucullata G.O.Sars ' + + +D. longispina O.F
.Muller + +Diaphanosome brachyurum Liev. + + +Evadne nordmanni
Loven + +,Leptodora k!ndtii (Focke) + +Pleuroxus sp. Baird +Podon
polyphemoides Leuekart +, + +Streblocerus sp. +
Copepoda
Acantocyclops vernalls (Fischer) +A.v1rldls'Juru. le + +
+r\cartla bl1llosa Glosbrecl'lt + + +A. longlremls (LIJI.) + +A.
tonse Oens .+ +Canthocamptus staphyllnus Jurlne +Cyclops sp. Muller
(copepodlt) +C. strenulis Fischer + + 'C. vicinus Ullan. +
+ElIcy~!ops (s.str.) serrularus (Fischer) +EUdiaptomus gracilis
Sars ..E. graclloides Llll. +Ellrytemora aftinis Poppe + + +E.
hirundoides Nord +Harpacticoida spp. + + +Mesocyclops leuckartl
(Claus) + +Pset;docalanu~ elongatus Boeck +Temora longlcllrnls
Muller + +
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- 12
Table 4-
r ... - '0,.34 -
h" ;: 665,0 ?7,3 'I' 0,9.5 syenr -L;. 3-4•TI = 3,05 - 0,37 Tl~ +
0,08 8 3_4year
ahm·, l1·ontl1, r - correls tion index)
?
~ßGR:E3SION B"WA~rlorr· OE' ZOOPLANKTON ·ABUNDAN0E ( jJ, l;houß.
ind. / E.::.J."UJD 3IC:"~LSS ( B. r.::im' ) A~:::) i'/ATER
TEr'iFERATURE ( T, oe) l.};DS_,~.LII;ITY ( s. 0/00 ) I:1 T}:E
YISTDL J.., LAGOOn ( numbers at vnriablgEL
I
-
- 13
s
~.,'
1 :-N . ,
3'...... ..
-, .. ,'.
Fig.1. 'Map of ,zooplallkton'sronplins in·the Vistula
Lagoon."
-
- 14 -
Fig . 2. STRUCTUl{E OF ZCOPLAr;KTOl1 COI'1JtimUTY· III TUE
VISTULA LAGOOtl·
N.UMBER
·CLADOOERA
mON'ASS
-
- 15 -
Fig.3. Beasonal dynamic~o~ abundanoe (a) and biomass ( b )
or zooplankton in tbe Vietula Lagoon. 1 - Rotatoria.2 -
Oladocera, "3 - Gopepoda, 4 - Total. Axis: absciss-
. .mountbs, ordinate - ~ of eum of meanyear va~ue~
--~ -I\ "_4_ 2.\ -x- 3.\ 4.\.\ "•\
a
40
20
40 1\I \
OI----IlIr::::..&:~oL:.:::;.L.-...L.--"'---"'-=-=-==-=---
10 6
%~
60
.. 20
':';i;~.: .•: .
0\\1 V VI VI' VlU IX X
-
- '16 -
Fig. 4. Long-tero d~~amico of zooplankton abundance ( Nt
thous.sp.1 m3)and biomasB ( B, 81m3) in the
Vistula. Laf;oon.
1991-1993 Y~er
~ - Uumber
I' I' - B10mass, .
1986;..19901981-1985~9?5-1980
B
o
L._l..LL.l._-L__~.L-L.---L--_--l...L-.e----I_--'J."'-~-'-"'--
N
100 1
200
;00
..,.-'-;,.;!;...:. .•~1:.
