Автономное учреждениесреднего профессионального образования

Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа-Югры«СУРГУТСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

Структурное подразделение - 4

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ АУДИТОРНЫХ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ РАБОТ

ОГСЭ.03 «Иностранный язык»для обучающихся по программе подготовки специалистов среднего звена

Наименование профиля: технический

г.Сургут, 2014 год

Методические рекомендации по выполнению аудиторных практических работ

Составитель: преподаватель иностранного языка Л.П. Лашина

Методические рекомендации по выполнению аудиторных практических работ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» предназначены для студентов II курса очной формы обучения и преподавателей средних профессиональных учебных заведений, соответствуют действующей программе и содержит систему заданий для аудиторных практических работ.

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ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКАUNIT 1UNIT 2UNIT 3UNIT 4UNIT 5UNIT 6UNIT 7UNIT 8UNIT 9UNIT 10UNIT 11UNIT 12UNIT 13UNIT 14UNIT 15UNIT16UNIT 17UNIT 18UNIT 19UNIT 20UNIT 21UNIT 22UNIT 23UNIT 24UNIT 25UNIT 26UNIT 27UNIT 28UNIT 29UNIT 30UNIT 31APPENDIX. VOCABULARY.ЛИТЕРАТУРА

4678101214151921222426283132333537383941434648485052575962646669

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Пояснительная запискаМетодические рекомендации предназначены для подготовки и проведения практических занятий по дисциплине «Английский язык» в соответствии с ФГОС по специальностям/профессиям: 230115 «Программирование в компьютерных системах», 20103.04 «Наладчик аппаратного и программного обеспечения», 230105 «Программное обеспечение вычислительной техники и автоматизированных систем», 230103 «Мастер по обработке цифровой информации» в учреждениях среднего и начального профессионального образования. В учебно-методических рекомендациях представлены тематические текстовые материалы, упражнения на расширение словарного запаса профессиональной направленности, грамматические таблицы, тренировочные задания для активизации знаний грамматических форм и синтаксических оборотов. Цель учебно-методических рекомендаций:- формирование у студентов навыков устной речи по профессиональной тематике; - развитие потребности и умения пользоваться справочной литературой;- развитие умения высказываться целостно, как в смысловом, так и в структурном отношении;- развитие навыков чтения с полным пониманием основного содержания текста; - активизирование знаний грамматических форм и синтаксических оборотов, употребительных в специальной литературе. В результате студент осваивает следующие общие компетенции:- овладение иностранным языком на уровне, достаточном для разговорного общения, а также для поиска и анализа иностранных источников информации;-понимание социальной значимости своей будущей профессии, проявление к ней устойчивого интереса;- осуществление поиска и использования информации, необходимой для эффективного выполнения профессиональных задач, профессионального и личностного развития;-использование информационно-коммуникационных технологий в профессиональной деятельности;-самостоятельное определение задач профессионального и личностного развития, осознанное планирование повышения уровня овладения иностранным языком. В результате изучения в соответствии с ФГОС студент должен знать:– лексический (1200-1400 лексических единиц) и грамматический минимум, необходимый для чтения и перевода (со словарём) иностранных текстов профессиональной направленности.владеть:- навыками разговорно-бытовой речи (нормативным произношением и ритмом речи) и применять их для повседневного общения;- понимать устную (монологическую и диалогическую) речь на профессиональную тему;- активно владеть наиболее употребительной грамматикой и основными грамматическими явлениями, характерными для профессиональной речи;- знать основную терминологию специальности;- читать и понимать со словарем специальную литературу по профилю профессии

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(специальности); владеть всеми видами чтения литературы разных функциональных стилей;- владеть основами публичной речи, делать сообщения, доклады и презентации (с предварительной подготовкой);- участвовать в обсуждении тем, связанных со специальностью (задавать вопросы и отвечать на вопросы). - иметь представление об основных приемах аннотирования, реферирования и перевода литературы по специальности.

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BASIS PARTUNIT1. TEST1

Choose the correct item.1.

He was tired, … .

a. didn’t he. b. did he. c. isn’t it. d. wasn’t he.2.

She… understand.

a. isn’t b. aren’t c. do not d. doesn’t3.

She … married four times.

a. is b. has been c. was d. will4.

Shakespeare … plays.

a. has written b. has been writing c. wrote d. writes5.

We… her since July.

a. didn’t see b. saw c. were seen d. haven’t seen6.

He … all day yesterday.

a. was reading b. read c. reads d. were reading7.

Who … a new car?

a. did buy b. bought c. buy d. buying8.

They won’t come until you … them.

a. will invite b. invited c. invite d. invites9.

When he grows up, he … a doctor.

a. goes being b. ‘s going to be c. will be going d. to be10.

There’s … time left.

a. very many b. very few c. isn’t any d. very little11.

She … me that he was ill.

a. should has told b. should have told c. should to tell d. will should tell12.

I … to do it.

a. must b. had c. will d. can’t13.

That was a man … only interest was gardening.

a. whose b. that’s c. who d. which

14 We … to live in a large house.

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.

a. was b. did c. didn’t d. used

15.

You … do yourself.

a. could have b. could c. can d. had to16.

He … in modern art.

a. interests b. is interested c. is interesting d. isn’t interesting17.

He spent the whole day … TV.

a. watched b. is watching c. has watched d. watching18.

I wish I … cleverer.

a. was b. am c. were d. be19.

If I … you, I wouldn’t do it.

a. was b. am c. were d. be20.

The city … by the fire.

a. was destroying b. was destroyed c. destroying d. destroys

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UNIT 2. NOUNS

1. Decide which of the following nouns are countable or uncountable Time, machine, silver, hour, information, instruction, material, stress, ability, gas, water, strength, chemist, steel, theory, program, system, gold, production, drawing, circuit, component.

2. Write down the following nouns in plural Engineer, factory, tool, workman, company, device, position, industry, resistance, car, source, method, surface, motor, type, tube, inventor, plant, calculation, material.

3 .Form the nouns.Translate them a) research – researcher b) form - forming sense - .......................... operate - ......................... conduct - ...................... build up - ....................... engine - ........................ use - ............................... invent - ......................... increase - .......................

c) operate – operation d) move – movement state - ............................ develop - ......................... insert - .......................... entertain - ....................... posit - ........................... improve - ........................ 4. Use the Possessive Case of the nouns:

Example: The poems of Lermontov. (Lermontov's poems).1.The computer of their workers. 2. The questions of my chief. 3. The work of our scientist. 4. The sound of this machine. 5. The new tool of the workers. 6. The letter of client. 7. The magazine of these women. 8. The room of their assistants is large.

5. Translate into English.1. Это изобретение российских ученых. 2. Отец моего друга — инженер. 3.

Дайте мне книгу о паровых двигателях. 4. Вы видели журнал нашего руководителя? 5. Вчера учащиеся нашей группы ходили на экскурсию. 6. Он показал мне конспект занятия.

6. Use the articles a, an, the where it is necessary: 1. Yesterday I saw... new film, but... film wasn't very interesting. 2. London is

situated on ... Thames. 3. Yuri Gagarin was ... first man to fly over ... Earth in spaceship. 4. I decided to visit... Ivanovs, but they were not at... home. 5. Lomonosov,... great Russian scientist, was born in ... small village on ... shore of... White Sea. 6.... United States of America is one of ... most powerful countries of the world. 7. Is this tool made of ... iron or ... plastic? 8. What... strange man he is!

7. Insert the article where necessary and retell the story:Three men came to ... New York for ... holiday. They came to... very large hotel and

took... room there. Their room was on... forty-fifth floor. In... evening... friends went to ... 8

theatre and came back to ... hotel very late. «I am very sorry,» said ... clerk of ... hotel, «but... lifts do not work tonight. If you don't want to walk up to your room, we shall make... beds for you in... hall.» «No, no, » said one of ... friends, «no, thank you. We don't want to sleep in ... hall. We shall walk up to our room. » Then he turned to his friends and said: «It is not easy to walk up to ... forty-fifth floor, but we shall make it easier. On ... way to ... room I shall tell you some jokes; then you, Andy, will sing us some songs; then you, Peter, will tell us some interesting stories.» So they began walking up to their room. Tom told them many jokes; Andy sang some songs. At last they came to ... thirty sixth floor. They were tired and decided to have... rest. «Well,» said Tom, «now it is your turn, Peter. After all... jokes, I would like to hear ... sad story. Tell us ... long and interesting story with ...sad end.» «... story which I am going to tell you,» said Peter, «is sad enough. We left... key to our room in ...hall.»

8. Complete the text with the suitable nouns from the list, read the text and translate it into Russian. Nouns: investigations, conductor, physicists, relation, electricity, resistance, temperature, operation, unit, conversion, methods, law.

James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule, famous British physicist, was born in 1818 in Salford, England. Joule was one of the most outstanding ... of his time. He is best known for his research in ... and thermodynamics. In the course of his ... of the heat emitted in an electrical circuit, he formulated the law, now known as Joule’s law of electric heating. This ... states that the amount of heat produced each second in a ... by electric current is proportional to the ... of the conductor and to the square of the current. Joule experimentally verified the law of conservation of energy in his study of the ... of mechanical energy into heat energy. Joule determined the numerical ... between heat and mechanical energy, or the mechanical equivalent of heat, using many independent.... The ... of energy, called the joule, is named after him. Together with the physicist William Thomson (Baron Kelvin), Joule found that the ... of a gas falls when it expands without doing any work. This phenomenon, which became known as the Joule-Thomson effect, lies in the ... of modern refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

UNIT 3А. PRONOUNS

1. Learn grammar forms of pronouns

Personal Possessive Reflexive

singular/plural

person

Nominative Case

Objective Case

General Form

Absolute Form

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Singular 1 2 3

Iyouhesheit

meyouhimherit

myyourhisherits

mineyours

hishersits

myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself

Plural 1 2

3

weyouthey

usyouthem

ouryourtheir

oursyourstheirs

ourselvesyourselvesthemselves

2. Insert the suitable form of pronouns

1) I have my magazine. Have you got __? 2) Did you see the snake?- Yes, I saw __ and __ saw __. 3) Call in the evening. I’ll be waiting for __ call. 4) The teacher pointed to Ann and said it was __ duty to clean the board. 5) He is good at English. Let __ greet the quests.

3. Insert the suitable form of reflexive pronouns1) We enjoyed __at the tutorial. 2) They were very selfish. They only thought of __. 3)

Stop making so much noise! I can’t concentrate. 4) Don’t worry1 Relax __. 5) Do you feel __ lonely here?

4. Complete the text with the suitable pronouns from the list, read the text and translate it into Russian.Pronouns: They his he

Alfred Bernhard Nobel

Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a famous Swedish chemist and inventor. __ was born in Stockholm in 1833. After receiving an education in St. Petersburg, Russia, and then in the United States, where__ studied mechanical engineering, __ returned to St. Petersburg to work with his father in Russia. __were developing mines, torpedoes, and other explosives.

In a family-owned factory in Heleneborg, Sweden, __developed a safe way to handle nitroglycerine, after a factory explosion in 1864 killed __younger brother and four other people. In 1867 Nobel produced dynamite. __later produced one of the first smokeless powders. At the time of __ death__ controlled factories for the manufacture of explosives in many parts of the world. In __ will __ wanted that the major portion of __ money left became a fund for yearly prizes in __ name. The prizes were to be given for merits in physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology, literature, economics and world peace.

В. PRONOUNS: SOME, ANY, NO

1. Use the suitable indefinite pronoun 1. If the patrol tank is empty, pour (some, any, no) petrol into it. 2. There was (some, any, no) water in the radiator, so we had to refill it. 3. This mechanic can repair (some, any, no) type of engine.

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4. The book contained (some, any, no) diagrams. 5. We have (some, any, no) information on this problem. 6. The Metric System has (some, any, no) advantages over the English System. 7. Do you remember (some, any, no) facts from Newton’s biography? 2. Separate two-part verbs with the pronouns “it” or “them” 1. Lift up the boxes. ..Lift them up................. 2. Turn on the lights. ...................................... 3. Fill in the order form. ...................................... 4. Slow down the machine. ...................................... 6. Take off the wheels. ...................................... 7. Switch off the power. ......................................

3. Translate into English. Use the suitable pronoun from the list:Much, many, little, a little, few, a few

Countable Uncountable

many-много much-много

few-мало, но достаточно little-мало, но достаточно

a few-мало (недостаточно) a little-мало (недостаточно)

A) Translate into English. Use the suitable pronoun from the tableмного машин, много воды, много приборов, много времени, много света, много инструментов, много тепла, много энергии, много силы;

B) Translate into Russian. Use the suitable pronoun from the table 1. There’s ... light in the room, it’s too dark. 2. Robots have become essential to ... laboratory procedures. 3. He has done ... improvements and the machine started to work again.

4. Translate into Russian. Find the pronouns, explain its usage 1. There’s a little doubt that computers and their applications are among the most significant technical achievements of the centuries. 2. The metric standard – kilogram is a solid cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy maintained at constant temperature at Sevres, near Paris, its copies (as exact as possible) are maintained by national standards laboratories in many countries. 3. Much researches in electronics are directed towards creating even smaller chips and faster switches of components.

UNIT 4. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

1. Learn the compare degrees of adjectives and adverbs

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Absolute (Positive) Comparative Superlative

1. lownicehot

funny

lowernicerhotter

funnier

the lowestthe nicestthe hottest

the funniest2. modern

usefulmore modernmore useful

the most modernthe most useful

3. goodbadlittle

many, muchfar

betterworseless

morefarther, further

(the) best(the) worst(the) least(the) most

(the) farthest, furthest

2. Make up comparative and superlative forms of the listed below adjectives Good, productive, important, large, simple, difficult, wide, famous, modern, interesting, universal, possible, sharp, small, bad, intelligent, high.

3. Translate the sentences with comparison constructions into Russian 1. Microsoft corporation is oriented to produce as many programs as needed to meet people needs and make them buy specific brand-name products. 2. As we know it is so well hidden that you’ll rarely give it a thought. 3. Copies, as exact as possible, of this standard are maintained by national standards laboratories in many countries. 4. Open the brackets using the right form of adjectives:1) Even (long) day has an end. 2) It is one of (important) questions of our conference. 3) Your English is (good) now. 4) Who knows him (well) than you? 5) We have (little) interest in this work than you. 6) Health is (good) than wealth.

5. Open the brackets and use the possible compare degrees of an adjective or adverb. Translate the text into Russian.

George StephensonGeorge Stephenson was a British inventor and engineer. He is (famous) for building

the first practical railway locomotive in the world.Stephenson was born in 1781 in Wylam, near Newcastle upon Tyne,

Northumberland. During his youth he worked as a fireman and (late) as an engineer in the coal mines of Newcastle. He invented one of the first miner's safety lamps independently of the British inventor Humphry Davy. Stephenson's early locomotives were used to carry loads in coal mines, and in 1823 he established a factory at Newcastle for their manufacture. In 1829 he designed a locomotive known as the Rocket, which could carry both loads and passengers at a (great) speed than any locomotive constructed at that time. The success of the Rocket was the beginning of the construction of locomotives and the laying of railway lines.

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UNIT 5. NUMERALS

Vocabularyaddition-сложение to multiply-умножитьsubtraction-вычитание to divide-разделитьplus-плюс to equal-равняться, быть равнымminus-минус

1. Write these numbers in words

1 10 11 12 2 20 3 1390 4 40 5 50 16 7 8

Порядковые числительные.first-первый fifth-пятыйsecond-второй fiftieth-пятидесятыйthird-третий fifty-fifth-пятьдесят пятый

2.Number the days of the week 2.Number the seasons of the year....................... Tuesday .................... autumn....................... Wednesday .................... winter....................... Monday .................... summer................... ... Thursday .................... spring ...................... Saturday................... ... Sunday....................... Friday3.Number the months of the year...................... October .................... April...................... July .................... September...................... January .................... March...................... June .................... November...................... February .................... May...................... December .................... August

4. Learn fractionsCommon fractions

½- one half (a half) 1/3- one third (a third) 3 ½-three and a half 5 1/7-five and a seventh 2/7- two sevenths

Decimal fractions0,7-nought (zero; O) point seven0,002-zero point two zeros two1,1-one point one5,36-five point three six65,5-sixty-five point five

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5 .Read these common and decimal fractions 1/3; 0,23; 2/5; 0,009; 5/8; 10,01; 7 ½; 205,35; 9 5/8; 79,31; 15 8/9; 0,0003.

6. Solve these problems1. 99+77= 5) 315+145= 9) 1203+419=2) 61-50= 6) 859-600= 10) 115-32=3) 175:25= 7) 10770:10= 11) 49:7=4) 12х12= 8) 3550х5= 12) 234х7=

7. Match the numbers and the way of their reading A. 1. ¾ a) three quaters B. 1. 60% a) one third

2. 5.68 b) two point two percent 2. 2.8 b) three and a half 3. 7 ½ c) five point six eight 3. 1/3 c) two point eight 4. 2.2% d) seven and a half 4. 3 ½ d) sixty percent

8. Choose the right answer 1. Seventeen ... thirteen equals two hundred and twenty-one. a) times (multiplied by)b) divided by

c) minus d) plus

2. Eighty-one ... thirty-three equals forty-eighta) times (multiplied by)b) divided by

c) minus d) plus

3. One thousand and twenty-five ... twenty-five equals forty-one.a) times (multiplied by)b) divided by

c) minus d) plus

9. Find the missing numbers Example: 4, 5, 6, ... ,8, ... seven, nine

1. 13, 15, ... , ... , 21, 23, 25. 2. 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, ... , 32%, ... . 3. ... , 1 600, 1 800, 2 000, ... . 4. 1, 2, 4, 7, ... , 16, ... ,31. 5. ... , 5 555, ... , 3 333, 2 222. 6. 20, 10, 5, 2 ½, ... , 5/8, ... . 7. 1 ¼, 2 ½, ... , 5, 6 ¼, ... , 8 ¾. 8. 100, 10 000, ... , 100 000 000, ... .

10. Write these words as numbers three and five sixths ......................... ninety-three per cent ......................... a thousand and nine ......................... one thousand seven hundred ......................... eighteen hundred .........................

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11. Read the text and find in it the answers to the question that follows it

Voltage Values

Voltages up to about 250 V are called low. The common electric lightning circuit operates either at about 127 or 200 V, and the voltage used on the main circuit of large houses is usually the same. One can get an electric shock, when one touches an uninsolated wire of such a circuit. Voltages above 250 V are high voltages. They are used in industry. Medium-powered motors are usually operated at 380 V. Large motors are supplied by voltages of from about 500 up to 6000V.

UNIT 6. SENTENCE ORDER

1. Learn grammar. 1) подлежащее 2) сказуемое 3) дополнение

(беспредложное, прямое,

предложное)

4) обстоятельство(образа действия, места, времени).

1) I 2) 2) gave 3) 3) my brother 4) 3) a book 5) 4) yesterday.

2. Build the sentences from the words:a) Is, best, she, friend, my.b) Learn, different, students, our, subjects.c) The, is, Russia, the, in, country, largest, world.d) Reading, is, my, of, best, son's, fond, friend.

3. Learn grammar. Questions:

a) General (Общие); b) Special (Специальные); c) Alternative (Альтернативные); d) Disjunctive (Разделительные).

a) General questions. -Is the weather fine today? -Yes, it is.

No, it is not.вспомогательный глагол (модальный,

глагол-связка)

подлежащее(существительное или местоимение)

смысловой глагол (или дополнение).

дополнение(беспредложное,

прямое, предложное)

обстоятельства(образа действия, места, времени).

b) Special questions. - What is the weather today?

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Вопросительное слово вспомогательный глагол (модальный,

глагол-связка)

подлежащее(существительн

ое или местоимение)

смысловой глагол (или дополнение).

дополнение(беспредложное,

прямое, предложное)

обстоятельства(образа

действия, места, времени).

Вопросительные слова:

what? - что? / какой?who? - кто?whom? - кого? / кому? whose? - чей? which? - который? / какой? when? - когда?

where? - где? / куда? why? - почему? / зачем?

how? - как? / каким образом? how many? - сколько?

(исчисляемого) how much? - сколько?

(неисчисляемого) how long? - сколько? (о времени)

c) Alternative questions –OR! -Is the weather fine or bad today?вспомогательный глагол (модальный,

глагол-связка)

подлежащее(существительное или местоимение),

смысловой глагол (или дополнение).

дополнение(беспредложное,

прямое, предложное)

обстоятельства(образа действия, места, времени).

d) Disjunctive questions. - The weather is fine today, is not it?

Подлежащее сказуемое дополнение(беспредложное,

прямое, предложное)

обстоятельство(образа действия, места, времени).

вспомогательный глагол (модальный,

глагол-связка)

подлежащее(существительное или местоимение),

4. Put the questions to the sentences:1. There is a tool on the table. 2. He must work hard today. 3. They go to work on

Monday. 4. It is cold today. 5. Ann has already begun to read a new book. 6. They will show you how to get there. 7. It wasn't difficult to do this task.

5. Translate the sentences into English:1.Вам нравится больше английский язык или французский? 2. Они работают в Ростове или в Сочи? 3.Джоуль - единица тепла или мощности? 4.Нобель создал динамит в 1867?

UNIT 7. TEST2

Variant-1

1. Build the sentences from the words: 1. robot / Japan / advanced / is / the most / technology / nation / exploring.

2. The/of/called/Joule/is/energy/ named /after/unit.

2. Write the plural form of the nouns.16

Tube, achievement, switch, dimension, instruction, opportunity, circuit, device,innovation, record.

3.Change the following word combinations using possessive case.The achievements of scientists, researches of astronomers, an experiment of Michael Faraday, a law of Joule.

4. Insert the suitable form of pronouns given in brackets.

1.(Наша) tutorial room is on the fifth floor.a) us; b) our; c) their; d) her

2.Nick is helping (своему) friend with calculations.a) her; b) his; c) their; " d) him

3.What is (его) partner?a) her; b) his; c) my; d) their

4.Where are (ее) papers?a) her; b) his; c) their; d) its

5.They are busy with (своими) experiments.a) her; b) his; c) their; d) its

5. Use the suitable indefinite pronoun1.Give me ... time, please.

a) any b) some c) no d) not any2. Is there ... clean water in the bottle?

a) few b) any c) many d) some3.Tell us ... words about your research.

a) some b) no c) any d) not any4.Show us ... diagrams.

a) any b) some c) no d) not any

6. Read the text. Translate in written form paragraphs 1, 3. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL

1. Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh in 1847. His father was a world-famous teacher of speech and the inventor of a system which he ailed "Visible Speech". He helped deaf persons to pronounce words they could not hear. Alexander chose the same profession and as his father became a teacher of the deaf, he moved to the United States and began to teach deaf children to speak At the same time he worked at improving his father's invention.2. In 1866, the nineteen-year-old Bell started thinking about sending tones by telegraph. It was then that there came to his mind the idea of the "harmonic telegraph", which would send musical tones electrically from one place to another. Bell was not a scientist. So he had to give all his energy and time to one thing only - knowledge of electricity. There was little time for rest and little lime to eat. Hour after hour, day and night he and his friend Watson worked at testing and experimenting with the telephone. Sometimes it worked and sometimes it did not.

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"We have to do something to make our telephone work better," Bell used to say again and again. At last they decided to try a new kind of transmitter. The new transmitter was set in Bell's bedroom. Watson was sitting in the laboratory. He put his ear to the receiver and was waiting. Suddenly he heard Bell's voice. And not the voice only but the words, too. "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you." It was on the 10-th of March, 1876. Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone.3. In a few years there were telephones all over the world, in 1915, the first transcontinental telephone line was opened. Graham Bell, a very old man now, sat in New York at a desk with a telephone before him, while his friend Watson was listening more than three hundred thousand miles away in San Francisco. People were interested what speech Bell had prepared for that great day, on which the telephone invented by him was to carry sound from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific.4. Bell was sitting in a big hall; there were many people in it. Everyone expected to hear a serious, scientific speech. Suddenly everybody heard his clear voice as he spoke into his old transmitter, "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you." He repeated the words which he had said almost forty years ago. Much to the amusement of the people Watson answered, "I would be glad to come, but it would take me a week."

7. Finish sentences choosing the suitable variant.

1.Alexander Bell was ...a) an engineer в) a teacher с) a doctor

2.He worked at inventing ...a) a radio-set в) a tape-recorder c) a telephone

3.He worked at it...a) alone в) with his friend c) with a group of scientists

4.Watson heard ...a) music в) voice and words c) only voice

Variant-2

1. Build the sentences from the words:1. automation / is / of / numerical / programmable / a form / control.2. to / ancient / the / of / concept / dates back / times / robots.

2. Write the plural form of the nouns.Research, semiconductor, computation, facility, item, circuit, operation, resistor, unit, component.

3. Change the following word combinations using possessive case.The improvements of engineers, researches of that scientist, an experiment of Edison, a law of Ohm.

4. Insert the suitable form of pronouns given in brackets.

1.This is (их) room.18

a) their; b) its; c) her; d) his2.What color are (их) building?

a) her; b) its; c) his; d) their3.(Мои) tutors are responsible.

a) his; b) my; c) her; d) our4.(Наш) unit has five parts.

a) my; b) his; c) their; d) our5.This is a chemical laboratory. (Её) equipment is new.

a) her; b) it; c) its.

5. Use the suitable indefinite pronoun

1.Are there ... students in the reading-room?a) any b) no c) some d) not any

2. Is there ... water in the glass?a) few b) any c) many d) some

3.There are not... conveniences in the lab room.a) some b) no c) any d) much

4.There are ... interesting books in the bookcase.a) some b) any c) much d) few

5.Was there ... lecture on physics yesterday?a) some b) any c) no d) not any

6. Read the text. Translate in written form paragraphs 2, 4. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL

1. Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh in 1847. His father was a world-famous teacher of speech and the inventor of a system which he ailed "Visible Speech". He helped deaf persons to pronounce words they could not hear. Alexander chose the same profession and as his father became a teacher of the deaf, he moved to the United States and began to teach deaf children to speak At the same time he worked at improving his father's invention.2. In 1866, the nineteen-year-old Bell started thinking about sending tones by telegraph. It was then that there came to his mind the idea of the "harmonic telegraph", which would send musical tones electrically from one place to another. Bell was not a scientist. So he had to give all his energy and time to one thing only - knowledge of electricity. There was little time for rest and little lime to eat. Hour after hour, day and night he and his friend Watson worked at testing and experimenting with the telephone. Sometimes it worked and sometimes it did not."We have to do something to make our telephone work better," Bell used to say again and again. At last they decided to try a new kind of transmitter. The new transmitter was set in Bell's bedroom. Watson was sitting in the laboratory. He put his ear to the receiver and was waiting. Suddenly he heard Bell's voice. And not the voice only but the words, too. "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you." It was on the 10-th of March, 1876. Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone.

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3. In a few years there were telephones all over the world, in 1915, the first transcontinental telephone line was opened. Graham Bell, a very old man now, sat in New York at a desk with a telephone before him, while his friend Watson was listening more than three hundred thousand miles away in San Francisco. People were interested what speech Bell had prepared for that great day, on which the telephone invented by him was to carry sound from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific.4. Bell was sitting in a big hall; there were many people in it. Everyone expected to hear a serious, scientific speech. Suddenly everybody heard his clear voice as he spoke into his old transmitter, "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you." He repeated the words which he had said almost forty years ago. Much to the amusement of the people Watson answered, "I would be glad to come, but it would take me a week."

7. "True"- "False"

1.Alexander Graham Bell was born in Paris in 1847.2.His father was a world-famous teacher of speech.3.Bell started thinking about sending tones by telegraph when he was ten years old.4. Day and night Bell worked at testing and experimenting with the telephone.5.Bell tried to make his telephone work better because sometimes it worked and sometimes it didn't.

UNIT 8. TENSES OF ENGLISH VERB IN ACTIVE VOICE

1. Learn tenses of English verb in Active Voice

TENSE Indefinite (Simple) Простое

Continuous Длительное

PerfectЗавершенное

Present I writeЯ пишу (вообще,

обычно)

I am writingЯ пишу (сейчас)

I have writtenЯ (уже) написал

Past I wroteЯ(на)писал (вчера)

I was writingЯ писал (в тот

момент)

I had writtenЯ написал (уже к тому моменту)

Future I shall/will writeЯ напишу, буду писать (завтра)

I shall/will be writingЯ буду писать (в тот

момент)

I shall/will have writtenЯ напишу (уже к тому моменту)

FORMS

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) Неопределенное

(простое)

Present V, Vs(es) don’t Vdoesn’t V

Do… V..?Does… V..?

Past V2, V ed didn’t V Did… V..?

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Констатация факта, повторность действия,

последовательность действий

Future shall (will) V shan’t Vwon’t V

Shall … V..?Will …V..?

CONTINUOUS(PROGRESSIVE)

ПродолженноеДействие

в определенный момент

Present am Vingis Vingare Ving

am not Vingisn’t Vingaren’t Ving

Am…Ving..?Is… Ving..?

Are… Ving..?Past was Ving

were Vingwasn’t Ving

weren’t VingWas…Ving?Were…Ving?

Future shall(will) beVing

shan’t beVingwon’t beVing

Shall… be Ving..?Will… be Ving..?

PERFECTЗавершенное

Результат действия

Present have V3/Vedhas V3/Ved

haven’t V3/Vedhasn’t V3/Ved

Have…V3/Ved..?Has …V3 /Ved..?

Past had V3/Ved hadn’tV3/Ved Had…V3/Ved..?Future shall haveV3

/Vedwill have V3/Ved

shan’t have V3/Vedwon’thaveV3/Ved

Shall… have V3/ Ved..?Will…have V3/ Ved..?

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

(PROGRESSIVE)

Present have been Vinghas been Ving

haven’t been Vinghasn’t been Ving

Have…been Ving..?Has …been Ving..?

Past had been Ving hadn’t been Ving Had… been Ving..?Future shall (will)have

been Vingshan’t have been

Vingwon’t have been

Ving

Shall… have been Ving..?

Will… have been Ving..?

2. Write the Past Simple form of these verbs 1. be (am /is) .......................... 11. lose ............................... 2. break .......................... 12. make .............................. 3. come ......................... 13. meet .............................. 4. do ......................... 14. pay .............................. 5. drink ......................... 15. run .............................. 6. drive .......................... 16. see .............................. 7. eat .......................... 17. sell ............................. 8. get .......................... 18. sit ............................ 9. give .......................... 19. take ............................. 10. go .......................... 20. cut .............................

3. Read the text opening the bracketsMichael Faraday

Michael Faraday, English experimental physicist, … (be born) in 1791 in a poor family. The boy … (begin) to work as an apprentice at a bookbinder’s shop at an early age. One day a man … (enter) the shop and … (find) the boy studying an article on electricity. The man … (be) surprised to see a boy so interested in such a difficult subject and … (give) him four tickets for the lectures at the Royal Institutions. The boy … (go) to the lectures and … (make) notes of what he … (hear). At the end of the lecture he … (come) to Sir Humphrey Davy, the greater English scientist, and …

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(show) him his notes. Davy … (be) surprised. Later he … (make) Faraday his assistant and … (help) him in his education. Faraday … (have) many important discoveries. Among his works are the concept of the magnetic field and the magnetic “lines of force”, production of new kinds of optical glass, and research on electrolysis. Faraday … (produce) the first mechanical motion by means of a permanent magnet and an electric current. This is the principle upon which the modern electric motor is based. Faraday … (be) very modest and he … (love) his work more than honors. He … (refuse) to become President of the Royal Society and also … (refuse) to be knighted.

UNIT 9. CONSEQUENCE OF TENSES

1. Learn the consequence rules of tenses.

ГЛАВНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ ПРИДАТОЧНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ

Present Simple(V,Vs)

Any tense

Past Simple(V2)

Past Simple(V2)-датаPast Continuous (was/were Ving)

Past Perfect ( had V3)Future- in- the Past (should/would V)

Future Simple(shall/will V)

if/when-Present Simple(V,Vs)

2. Translate sentences into Russian. Determine the voice and tense of the verb. A. 1. The brain controls your body and keens all parts of your body working together. 2. When I awoke this morning it was so late that the sun was shining high in, the sky. 3. And now the trade of this town is developing with extreme rapidity and the ambition of the inhabitants us growing along with it.

B. 1. If you annoy the cat she will scratch you.2. But for the storm we should have arrived in time.3. Unless it stops raining we shall not be able to go to the country.

3. Open the brackets choosing the right form of the verb.He asked me where I (study, studied).Tory said she (is, was) busy.I was sure that she (posted, had posted) his report. We hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse.They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark.I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time.He said the representatives (will come, would come) to the meeting in time.

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They know that he (is, was) the cleverest man of his time.I asked his assistant to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the exhibition.

4. Translate into Russian. Open the brackets using the right form of the verb.

She says she (already find) the answer.He said he could not tell the right answer, the meter (be) wrong.I knew they (wait) for me at the entrance and I decided to hurry.He understood that the soldiers (arrest) him.

5. Read and translate the text. Say what the text is about and retell it.MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE

Interrelations between man and biosphere are of a fairly complex nature. Man, like any other living organism, depends for his life on what the biosphere provides: water oxygen, food, and shelter. On the other hand, the biosphere is strongly affected by all so of human activity.Technology powerfully amplifies the effects human beings on the atmosphere Prehistoric man withdrew from the atmosphere only the oxygen he required respiration; technological man consumes a far greater amount of oxygen to support fir power plants and chemical processes. The carbon dioxide produced by technology processes in the biosphere substances wholly new to it; man-made radio-isotopes are wide variety of synthetic materials such as plastics, insecticides, herbicides and numeric industrial materials. These, too, also alter the biosphere.The problem has already been discussed at a large number of conferences, some them sponsored by the UN. However, relatively little has so far been done to environmental pollution.

UNIT 10. TENSES OF ENGLISH VERB IN PASSIVE VOICE

1. Learn the tenses of English verb in Passive Voice

ВидВремя

Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

to be (am, is, are, was, were, ...) + V3/ed

Present

I + am V3/edhe, she, it + is V3/ed

we, you, they+ are V3/ed

I + am being V3/edhe, she, it + is being

V3/edwe, you, they

+ are being V3/ed

I, we, you, they+ have been V3/ed

he, she, it+ has been V3/ed

-----

I am asked I am being asked I have been asked

PastI, he, she, it

+ was V3/edwe, you, they+ were V3/ed

I, he, she, it+ was being V3/ed

we, you, they+ were being V3/ed

I, he, she, it, we, you, they + had been V3/ed -----

I was asked I was being asked I had been askedFuture I, we

+ shall be V3/ed----- I, we

+ shall have been -----

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he, she, it, you, they+ will be V3/ed

V3/edhe, she, it, you, they

+ will have been V3/edI shall be asked I shall have been asked

Future in the Past

I, we+ should be V3/edhe, she, you, they+ would be V3/ed -----

I, we+ should have been

V3/edhe, she, it, you, they+ would have been

V3/ed

-----

I should be asked I should have been asked

2. Translate into Russian. Determine the Tense and Voice of the verb 1. This problem was discussed last week. 2. Lomonosov is often called the founder of Russian science. 3. Manufacturing is one of the most important application area for automation technology. 4. The reprogramming of the equipment is done at a computer terminal. 5. The automation technology in manufacturing and assembly is widely used in car and other consumer product industries. 6. An automated production line consists of a series of workstations. 7. The program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer program. 8. Many applications of numerical control have been developed since its initial use to control machine tools.

3. Here are some facts about famous inventions. Fill in the blanks with the forms of the verbs in Active or Passive Voices that suit. Translate into Russian. 1. Many American inventors ... to find ways to ease the process of washing. By 1873, some 2 000 patents ... for washing machines. Most of these machines.... clumsy devices with washer blades that had to be turned by hand. (were / had been issued / tried) 2. In the early1900s, electric machines... . Advertisements proclaimed the wonders of these machines. But it was not until about 1937 that manufactures ... fully automatic machines. Within a few years, the old washboard.... forever. (came up with /was washed up / appeared) 3. I n 1830, Barthelemy Thimonnier ... the first sewing machine. The machine .... of wood, but it ... . Later Thimonnier.... his machine and in 1845 he.... it with patents both in England and the United States. (designed and made / was made ... worked / improved /protected) 4. Between 1832 and 1834 the American Walter Hunt ... a more advanced sewing machine than that, which.... by Thimonnier. (had been invented / had designed and made) 5. In the middle of the 19th century, although it..., the sewing machine ...very many people. (didn’t interest / had been tested) 6. The American Isaac Merritt Singer ... some improvements that ... by Howe and .... it. (had been invented / made / patented)7. Later the automatic feeding of the cloth that ... by the American Allen B.Wilson ... the

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sewing machine greatly. (improved / had been introduced)8. In 1851 another American William O.Grover.... a machine which ... the double chain stitch. (made / invented)

4. Put the verbs in Active or Passive Voice. Translate into Russian. 1. About 200 years ago, there ... (not be) many factories or machines. 2. People ... (use) a metal which ... (call) steel to make strong chassis. 3. Some assembly operations … (perform) manually. 4. Each station … (design) to perform a specific processing operation. 5. Many applications of numerical control … (develop) since its initial use to control machine tools. 6. His work ... (finish) already. 7. The experiment ... (carry out) from ten till twelve o’clock. 8 The machine ... (test) now. 9. Watt ... (continue) his researches and ... (patent) several important inventions.

UNIT 11. MODAL VERBS

1. Learn the usage of modal verbs.

Modal Verbs Example Usage

Can(am/is/are able to)

They can control their own budgets. Способность выполнить действие, наличие возможности

произвести действиеWe can’t fix it. Неспособность выполнить

действие, отсутствие возможности произвести

действиеCan I smoke here? Вопрос, задаваемый с целью

получить разрешениеCan you help me? Просьба

He can’t be at home. There is no light in the house.

Уверенность в том, что чего-то не может быть

Could(was/were able to)

Could I borrow your pen? – I don’t know where mine is.

Вопрос, задаваемый с целью получить разрешение

Could you say it again more slowly? ПросьбаWe could try to fix it ourselves. ПредложениеI think we could have another

default.Вероятность того, что действие

произойдет в недалеком будущемHe gave up his old job so he could

work for us.Способность выполнить

действие, наличие возможности произвести действие в прошлом

May(am/is/are allowed to)

May I have another cup of tea? Вопрос, задаваемый с целью получить разрешение

Prices may increase. Вероятность того, что действие произойдет в недалеком будущем

Might(was/were allowed to)

They might give us a 10% discount. Вероятность того, что действие произойдет в недалеком будущем

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Must(have/has to)

We must say good-bye now. Необходимость произвести действие

They mustn’t smoke in the building. ЗапретHe must be at home. I can see the

light in the house.Уверенность в том, что что-то

верно или истинно

Ought to

We ought to employ more staff. Рекомендация, совет по поводу того, как будет верно и

правильно поступить в данной ситуации

Shall

Shall I help you with your luggage? Предложение помощиShall we say Monday then? Внесение идеи на рассмотрениеShall I do that or will you? Вопрос, задаваемый с целью

получить указания

Should

We should deal with this problem at once.

Рекомендация, совет по поводу того, как будет верно и

правильно поступить в данной ситуации

I think we should check everything again.

Рекомендуемое в данной ситуации действие

Prices should drop next year. Предположение по поводу ситуации в недалеком будущем

WillI can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk. Решение, принятое в момент речиI’ll do that for you if you like. Предложение помощи

I’ll call you first thing on Monday. Обещание

Would Would you mind if I brought a friend with me?

Вопрос, задаваемый с целью получить разрешение

Would you pass the salt please? ПросьбаWould you mind waiting a moment? Просьба

“Would five o`clock suit you?” – “That’d be fine.”

Достижение договоренности

Would you like to play tennis this Sunday?

Приглашение

“Would you prefer tea or coffee?” – “I’d like tea please.”

Вопрос, с целью узнать о предпочтениях

2. Translate the sentences; explain the usage of the certain modal verbs 1. The green wire should be connected to terminal 4. 2. You mustn’t turn the machine when the red warning light is on. 3. This lever can be up or down. 4. We can recycle old products to make new ones. 5. The red switch has to be on. 6. A rheostat is a resistor whose resistance value may be varied. 7. That morning he had to leave his car at home. 8. You can’t ride a motorbike with no helmet.

3. Insert necessary modal verbs:1. For each new product the producing equipment ... reprogrammed and changed over. 2. The applications of robots ... divided into three categories. 3. The petrol engine ... develop

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much power at low speeds. 4. Despite its diversity, electrical engineering ... divided into four main branches. 5. He ... finish the work because of the lack of money. 6. Computers ... input, calculate, compare, and output data as information. 7. Engineers ... know how materials respond to external forces, such as tension, compression, torsion, bending, and shear. 8. Strength is the force per unit area (stress) that materials ... support without falling. 9. You ... to wear a hard hat at this part of the workshop. 10. Before you go on the factory tour you ...to put on these special clothes and safety boots.

4. Put the verbs into Past Simple. Use the modal verbs and their equivalents 1. He must work hard to finish his experiment. 2. I can devote myself to scientific work. 3. You may repeat this experiment. 4. He must illustrate this law by several experiments. 5. She can study automation in the college. 6. They may carry out these experiments at the laboratory. 5. Put the verbs into Future Simple. Use the modal verbs and their equivalents 1. He must check the temperature three times a day. 2. In this figure you can see a diagram of temperature changes. 3. He may use a barometer to measure the atmospheric pressure. 4. You may use this method in your research. 5. She can do the work in time. 6. They must solve a number of scientific problems.

UNIT 12. TEST 3

Variant 1

1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian: 1) Who’s been talking over the phone for so long?

2) Have you ever been to the Arab Emirates?3) What’s Jack doing here? – He’s looking for Ann.4) Did you meet Nick at the disco yesterday?

5) He told me everything only after he had learnt all the information. 6) Helen doesn’t love him any more, she’s got a new boyfriend. 7) Will you help me tidy the room? 8) We were watching TV when he came in and started shouting at Jane.

9) I’m happy! I’ve found a good job, met a nice girl, rented a good flat, won 1000$ in a lottery.10) What’s the news? – Rita is getting married.11) How long have you been studying law?12) Come to me in 20 minutes, I’ll be making a cake.13) I’m s ure, Sarah will pass all the exams.14) They don’t live here any more. They live in Vegas, as far as I remember.15)Who knows anything about Kate? – She left for LA a week ago.

2. Say the negative: don’t; doesn’t; aren’t; isn’t; haven’t; hasn’t; won’t; hadn’t; weren’t; didn’t

1) We attend a gymnasium.

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2) I’ve done my homework.3) Nelly is writing now.4) Alice lives in London.5) He’s lost his key.6) Dad will come home in 2 hours.7) My friends were at night club yesterday.8) She’ll be watching her favorite soap opera when I come home.9) The girls bought a nice present for Irene.

10) I speak English.

3. Match the questions to the answers.

1) Do you like rock music? 2) How long have you been living here?3) Where do you work?4) Have you travelled to Europe?5) Where does your son study?6) Do you read much? 7) When is your birthday?

a) I don’t read much.b) I was born on the first of November.c) I work in a travelling agency.d) I’ve been living here for 6 years.e) I like all kind of music.f) He attends a boarding school.g) Sure, I’ve been to Paris.

Variant 2

1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian: 1 )I’ll be missing you much, you’re the best girl I’ve ever met.

2) I’m reading now. I like reading science fiction.3) Where’s Tom? – He’s playing tennis on the tennis court.4) They’ll be sleeping.5) Harry had been running for an hour when he saw the lights in the dark.6) I haven’t decided yet what to do after college.7) The builders will have finished the construction of the supermarket by next June.8) I saw her yesterday morning, she walked in the park talking to a tall guy.9) First she wanted to leave for Paris, but after she had talked to Patric, she decided to stay.10) Have you ever eaten Chinese food? – Yes, I have. It was in a Chinese

restaurant in Detroit last month.11) Were you happy with Barbara? – I was really happy with her until her

mother moved to our cottage a month ago.12) I’m going to visit my granny. She’s been sick for 3 days already.13) When we returned home, mum had already made pizza and was decorating

the table.14) My sister studies French, she wants to be a clothes designer.15) We’ll probably stay home because it’s raining outside.

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2. Say the negative: don’t; doesn’t; aren’t; isn’t; haven’t; hasn’t; won’t; hadn’t; weren’t; didn’t

1) He loves me.2) Lily had cooked soup before mum came home.3) We are playing basketball now.4) Fiona went to the library an hour ago.5) They study computing.6) I had a hamster when I was a child.7) Dad will go to New York soon.8) I like your style.

9) Mary is talking in the hall. 10) They’ve spent 2 days in Sochi.

3. Match the questions to the answers. 1) Did you often get bad marks when you were a schoolboy? 2) What will you do tomorrow? 3) Are you happy? 4) Have you got children? 5) What do you do in your spare time?6) Have you ever seen a lion? 7) How will you spend your summer vacations?

a) Yes, I have. I saw a lion in the Zoo last spring.b) Perhaps, I’ll go to a sports club.c) I haven’t thought of it yet, I’ll probably visit my sister in Rio.d) I work on my computer, swim in my swimming pool.e) I’ve got a son, he is 13.f) I think so.g) Well, I had never got bad marks, I was a top student in my class.

UNIT 13. MY FUTURE PROFESSION

1. Learn the vocabulary from the text by heart:Vocabulary:

to comprise — включать в себяautomated manufacturing of products — автоматизированное производство товаровrobotics — робототехникаhorizons — горизонтыcheap — дешевыйto generate — генерировать, производитьto transmit — передаватьto store — хранитьscale — масштабunprecedented in history — не имеющий прецедентов в историиindication — указание, свидетельство

explosive — взрывнойto deal with — иметь дело с, заниматься чем-либо integration — интеграция application — приложение, использование circuits — электрические схемы, цепи device — устройство transmission — передача processing — обработка to rely — полагаться Fourier analysis — анализ Фурье linear systems theory — теория

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линейных систем linear algebra — линейная алгебра differential equations — дифференциальные уравненияprobability theory — теория вероятностиextensively — широкоreplacement — замещениеfibre optics — оптоволоконные технологииcopper — медьdigital — цифровой

immunity — защищенность, невосприимчивостьcarrying capacity — пропускная способностьlight — легкийrapidly growing — быстрорастущийartificial intelligence — искусственный разумsophisticated — сложныйsuperconducting — сверхпроводимость

ADD TO YOUR ACTIVE VOCABULARY:

mechanical engineer — инженер-механик electric engineer — инженер-электрик electronic engineer — инженер электроник computer engineer —инженер-компьютерщик military engineer — военный инженерprestigious job (work) — престижная работа well-paid job — высокооплачиваемая работа

employee — наемный рабочий employer — наймодательbusinessman —предприниматель, бизнесмен

state-employed —государственный служащий white-collar worker — «белый воротничок», работник умственного трудаblue-collar worker- «синий воротничок», работник физического труда unskilled worker- неквалифицированный

рабочийexperienced worker - опытный работникto be hired for a job-быть нанятым на

выполнение работыto look for a new job (work, position)- искать новую работуto apply for a new job -претендовать на какую-либо должностьapplication for a position of — заявление на какую-либо должность resume — резюмеto be fired — быть уволенным to retire — уходить на пенсию to be unemployed — быть безработным skilled worker — квалифицированный рабочий

2. Read and translate the text:

MY FUTURE PROFESSIONI want to become a specialist in computer technologies — a computer engineer. Computer industry is developing so fast, that it comprises almost all spheres of professional life. No business now is possible without computers. This is especially true about automated manufacturing of products and robotics. Computer control of automated production opens new horizons for the cheap and quality production of goods. Information is now generated, transmitted, received, and stored electronically through computer networks on a scale unprecedented in history, and there is every indication that the explosive rate of growth in this field will continue. Computer engineering is a general field. It deals with both electric and electronic industries. Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information. Engineers in the field of electric and electronic engineering are concerned with all aspects of electrical communications, from fundamental questions such

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as «What is information? » to the highly practical, such as the design of telephone systems. In designing communication systems, engineers rely on various branches of advanced mathematics, such as Fourier analysis, linear systems theory, linear algebra, differential equations, and probability theory. Engineers work on control systems which are used extensively in automated manufacturing and in robotics. Major developments in the field of communications and control have been the replacement of analogue systems with digital systems; fibre optics are used now instead of copper cables. Digital systems offer far greater immunity to electrical noise. Fibre optics are likewise immune to interference; they also have great carrying capacity, and are extremely light and inexpensive to manufacture. Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics of computers is the design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices. The most prospective industry now is the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and new computer architectures. The field of computer science is closely related to computer engineering; however, the task of making computers more «intelligent» (artificial intelligence), through creation of sophisticated programs or development of higher level machine languages or other means, is generally regarded as the dream of computer science. One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. Engineers continue to work to fit greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips. Another trend is towards increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting materials.

3. Translate into English:1. Родители купили мне компьютер, когда я училась(ся) в десятом классе.2. Никакой современный бизнес не возможен без компьютерной техники.3.Компьютерная индустрия — наиболее быстроразвивающееся производство.4. Компьютерное управление автоматизированными производственными линиями открывает новые горизонты дешевого и качественного производства товаров.5. Крупным достижением в сфере коммуникации является замена аналоговых систем на цифровые.4. How do you see your future profession? Please answer the following questions:1) What kind of work are you interested in?a) well paid b) interesting c) in a large and famous company d) quiet e) in an industry which has a future f) prestigious g) not to sit the whole day in the office h) to travel a lot2) What position would you like to have?a) to manage people — managerb) to work for someone else — an employeec) to be your own boss — self-employed, businessmand) to be responsible for everything — top manager, directore) to work for the state — state employee

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UNIT 14.THE PARTICIPLE FORMS1. Learn grammar.

Active PassiveParticiple I drilling being drilled Participle II - drilledPerfect Participle having drilled having been drilled

The man sitting at the table is our teacher. — Человек, сидящий за столом — наш учитель.The houses being built in our town are not very high. — Дома, строящиеся в нашем городе, невысоки.Going home I met an old friend. — Идя домой, я встретил старого друга.Having finished work I went home. — Закончив работу, я пошел домой.The book translated from English is interesting. — Книга, переведенная с английского языка, интересная. Given the task he began to work. — Когда ему дали задание он начал работать.Having solved the problem correctly they changed the answer.- Решив пример правильно, они поменяли ответ. 2. Translate word combinations with participle forms:Participle I: Computers using vacuum tubes; the machine calculating mathematical problems; students coding the information.Participle II: The given information; the name given to the machine; the coded data; the device used in World War II; the engine designed by engineers; dictation written the day before was corrected.

3.Translate sentences with Participle Forms.1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the performance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers. 7. Hearing the sounds of music we stopped talking 8. She went into the room, leaving the door open.

4. Change sentences using Participle Forms.1. All the people who live in this house are students. 2. The woman who is speaking now is our secretary. 3. The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new. 4. The young man who helps the professor in his experiments studies at an evening school for laboratory workers. 5. People who take books from the library must return them in time. 6. There are many pupils in our class who take part in all kinds of extra-curricular activities. 7. As he now felt more at ease, the man spoke in a louder voice. 8. Since he knew who the man was, Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him. 9. As he thought that it was his brother at the window, Steve decided to open it. 10. As the people were afraid of falling into a ditch in the darkness at any moment, they felt their way about very carefully. 11. Since he needed a shelter for the night, Peter decided to go to the neighbours' house.

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5. Choose the right form.1. a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil.b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.2. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.3. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.4. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.5. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs.b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.6. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?7. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.8. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.9. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.10. The (losing, lost) book was found at last.11 (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.12. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.13. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year.14. I picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor.15. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.

UNIT 15. THE INFINITIVE1. Learn grammar.

The Infinitive Forms Active Voice Passive VoiceIndefinite to ask to be asking

Continuous to be asking -Perfect to have asked to have been asking

Perfect Continuous to have been asking -

2. Insert –to where it is necessary:

1. I like … play the guitar. 2. My brother can … speak French. 3. We had … put on our overcoats because it was cold. 4. They wanted … cross the river. 5. It is high time for you … go to bed. 6. May I … use your telephone? 7. They heard the girl … cry out with joy. 8. I would rather … stay at home today. 9. He did not want … play in the yard any more. 10. Would you like … go to England? 11. You look tired. You had better … go home. 12. I wanted … speak to Nick, but could not … find his telephone number. 13. It is time … get up. 14. Let me … help you with your homework. 15. I was planning … do a lot of things yesterday. 16. I’d like … speak to you. 17. I think I shall be able … solve this problem. 18. What makes you … think you are right? 19. I shall … do all I can … help you. 20. I like … dance. 21. I’d like … dance. 22. She made me … repeat my words several times. 23. I saw him … enter the room. 24. She did not let mother … go away. 25. Do you like …

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listen to good music? 26. Would you like … listen to good music? 27. That funny scene made me … laugh.

2. Change the distinguished structures with the infinitive forms:1. I have no books which I can read. 2. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 3. Don’t forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. 4. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? 5. There was nothing that he could do except go home. 6. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 7. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can’t go to the theatre with you. 8. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided up his kingdom.

UNIT 16. COMPLEX SUBJECT

1. Learn grammar.

существительное в именительном падеже / местоимение в общем падеже

(you, I, he, she, we, they)

+  Инфинитив в разных формах (to take, to be taken, to be taking, to have taken, to have been taken, to have been taking)

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ КОНСТРУКЦИИ «СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ»

№ п/п

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ПРИМЕР

1 С глаголами чувственного восприятия : To be seen - Видели

To be heard - СлышалиTo be noticed - Заметили

Bob was heard to laugh heartily. Было слышно, как Боб смеялся от всего сердца.

2 С глаголами, обозначающими умственную деятельность:

To be thought - считали, считаютTo be considered -полагаютTo be expected - ожидают

Philip was known to be a young man without money. Знали, что Филипп был молодым человеком без денег.

3 С глаголами принуждения и разрешения

Заставили -  to be made, to be forcedРазрешили - to be allowed, to be permitted, to be let

Little Bob was made to put on some warm clothes. Маленького Боба заставили надеть теплую одежду.

4 С глаголами в значении сообщения/передачи информации

To be known -ИзвестноTo be reported-Сообщили To be informed -ОбъявилиTo be said  - Говорят

He is said to have gone to work to Siberia. Говорят, что он уехал работать в Сибирь.

5 В действительном залоге с They are unlikely to come in time.

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глаголами to seem казаться (по-видимому), to happen случаться (случается, случалось), to prove доказывать (оказывается, оказалось), to be likely вероятно, to be unlikely вряд ли, to be sure, to be certain быть уверенным (наверняка), to turn out оказываться (оказалось)

Они вряд ли придут вовремя.The work proved to be useful. Работа оказалась полезной.They seemed to have forgotten him. Они, казалось, забыли его.

2. Translate sentences into Russian.1. Many books are known to be published in our country every year. 2. You are supposed to graduate in four years. 3. Radium is said to be very radioactive. 4. This device was known to have been designed in that laboratory. 5. His invention is considered to be of great importance. 6. The sun is known to represent a mass of compressed gases. 7. The new rocket is reported to go into operation next year. 8. This type rocket is supposed to have many advantages. 9. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible. 10. The helium atom was found to have two electrons. 11. I did not know what I was expected to say to that, so I said nothing. 12. He was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists. 13. He is said to be a good translator. 14. Roberta was known to be an honest and hardworking girl. 15. Clyde was expected to arrive at the weekend. 3. Learn grammar.

Complex Object see(saw)watch(watched)notice(noticed)feel(felt)hear(heard) Существительное/

meyouhimheritus

them

VV-ing

let(let)make(made) V

want(wanted)expect(expected)believe(believe)know (knew)advise(advised)consider (considered)order(ordered)allow (allowed)like (liked)

to V

4. Translate into Russian.1. He felt her arm slipping through his. 2. She felt her hands tremble. 3. Now and then he could hear a car passing. 4. He felt his heart beat with joy. 5. He felt his heart beating with joy. 6. She could hear her father walking up and down the picture gallery. 7. We saw

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him cross the street looking to the left and to the right. 8. I felt the wind blowing through a crack in the wall. 9. We stood on deck and watched the sun going down. 10. I heard him playing the piano in the house. 11. It is nice to see people enjoying themselves. 12. We watched the planes circling above us. 13. Nobody noticed him come in and sit down. 14. I felt Nick put his hand on my shoulder. 15. She felt tears roll down her cheeks. 16. I was so weak that I felt my knees shaking. 5. Open the brackets using the infinitive forms:1. I hope (to see) you soon. 2. We expect (to be) back in two days. 3. He expected (to help) by his friends. 4. I want (to take) to the concert by my father. 5. He seems (to read) since morning. 6. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 7. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 8. I am sorry (to break) my pen. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 12. Perhaps it would upset her (to tell) the truth of the matter. 13. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 14. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the bedroom. 15. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 16. They seemed (to wait) for ages.

6. Translate into English using the structure of Complex Object.1. Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. 2. Я хочу, чтобы все это прочитали. 3. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы доктор посмотрел его. 4. Дети хотели, чтобы я рассказал им сказку. 5. Я не хочу, чтобы она знала об этом. 6. Он хотел, чтобы его друг пошел с ним. 7. Мой брат хочет, чтобы я изучила испанский язык. 8. Я бы хотел, чтобы они хорошо знали английский язык. 9. Я не хочу, чтобы ты получил плохую оценку. 10. Мне бы не хотелось, чтобы они опоздали. 11. Я не хотела, чтобы вы меня ждали. 12. Она бы хотела, чтобы ее брат получил первый приз. 13. Я хочу, чтобы вы прочли эту книгу. 14. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы приехали к нам. 15. Она хотела, чтобы ее сын хорошо закончил колледж. 16. Им бы хотелось, чтобы мы проиграли игру. 17. Она не хотела, чтобы я уехал в Москву. 18. Я бы не хотел, чтобы вы потеряли мою книгу. 19. Мы хотим, чтобы этот артист приехал к нам в школу. 20. Вам бы хотелось, чтобы я рассказал вам эту историю?

UNIT 17. THE FUTURE OF THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION

1. Learn grammar.

ГЛАВНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ ПРИДАТОЧНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ

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Future simple(shall/will +V)

If (если) when (когда)after (после) Presentbefore (перед тем, как) Simpleas soon as (как только) (V/Vs) unless (если не)until (до тех пор, пока не)

If you help me, I shall do this work. — Если ты поможешь мне, я сделаю эту работу.

As soon as I get free, I'll come to you. — Как только я освобожусь, я приду к тебе.

We shall not begin until you come. — Мы не начнем, пока ты не придешь.

2. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the right form:1. He (go) out when the weather (get) warmer. 2. I (wait) for you until you (come)

back from school. 3. I'm afraid the train (start) before we (come) to the station. 4. We (go) to the country tomorrow if the weather (to be) fine. 5. We (not pass) the examination next year if we not (work) harder. 6. If you (not drive) more carefully you (have) an accident. 7. You (be) late if you (not take) a taxi. 8. I (finish) reading this book before I (go) to bed. 9. You must (send) us a telegram as soon as you (arrive). 10. We (have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day. 11. We (go) out when it (stop) raining. 12. We (not to have) dinner until you (come). 13. I'm sure they (write) to us when they (know) our new address.

3. Read the text and do exercises after it:THE FUTURE OF THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION

Among various recent trends in the engineering profession computerization is the most widespread. The trend in modern engineering offices is also towards computerization. Computers are increasingly used for solving complex problems as well as for handling, storing, and generating the enormous volume of data modern engineers must work with. Scientific methods of engineering are applied in several fields not connected directly to manufacture and construction. Modern engineering is characterized by the broad application of what is known as systems engineering principles. Engineers in industry work not only with machines but also with people, to determine, for example, how machines can be operated most efficiently by workers. A small change in the location of the controls of a machine or of its position with relation to other machines or equipment, or a change in the muscular movements of the operator, often results in greatly increased production. This type of engineering work is called time-study engineering. A related field of engineering, human-factors engineering, also known as ergonomics, received wide attention in the late 1970s and 1980s when the safety of nuclear reactors was questioned following serious accidents that were caused by operator errors, design failures, and malfunctioning equipment. Human-factors engineering seeks to establish criteria for the efficient, human-centered design of, among other things, the large, complicated control panels that monitor and govern nuclear reactor operations.

4. Answer the questions.37

1. What is the most widespread trend in the engineering profession?2. What are computers used for in modern engineering?3. What approaches are used in modern engineering?4. What is «ergonomics»?5. What do human-factors engineering deal with?

5. Discuss –Play. Please discuss with your group advantages and disadvantages of your future profession. Do you think that engineering profession is prestigious? Is it well-paid? How difficult is it to find a good work in this field?

UNIT 18. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD1. Learn grammar.

ГЛАВНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ ПРИДАТОЧНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ

Present/ FutureShould/would+V V2

PastShould/would + have V3 had+ V3

To be

ГЛАВНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ ПРИДАТОЧНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ

Present/ FutureShould/would+V were

PastShould/would + have V3 had+ been

2. Translate into Russian:1. If I came later I would be late for the lesson. 2. If he had known the time-table he wouldn't have missed the train. 3. It would be better if you learned the oral topics. 3. I wish I had known this before the examination. 4. I would have come to you if you had not lived so far away. 5. If I had seen you yesterday I would have given you my text-book. 6. If I were in your place I wouldn't buy the tickets beforehand. 7. If I had known that you needed help I would have helped you.

3. Open the brackets: a. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.

2. I could tell you what this means if I (to know) Greek.38

3. He might get fat if he (to stop) smoking.4. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not to come).5. I (to keep) a horse if I could afford it.6. What you (to do) if the lift got stuck between two floors?7. If I were you I (to go) there.8. They (to go) for a swim in the lake if it were warmer.

b. If he weren't such a book-worm, he (not to spend) so much time sitting in the library.2. I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money.3. If he had warned me, I (to do) the work in time.4. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of course.5. If I don't manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home tomorrow.6. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout.7. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much.8. If you gave me a dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text.9. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately.

UNIT 19. THE REVISION OF UNITS 16-18

1. Say this of the sentences refers to the 1-st, 2-nd, 3-d Conditional Mood1. Я помогу ему, если он попросит. 2. Если бы он попросил меня, то я бы ему помог. 3. Если бы он попросил меня об этом раньше, то я бы ему помог. 4. Если у него будет время, он выполнит эту работу. 5. Он бы выполнил эту работу, если бы у него было время. 6. Не сердись на меня, если бы у меня было время, то я бы выполнил эту работу. 7. Если дождь закончится (to stop), я пойду гулять. 8. Я бы пошел гулять, если бы дождь закончился. 9. Если бы вчера дождь прекратился, то мы пошли бы гулять (а так не ходили). 10. Если Джим вернется домой рано, то мы будем вместе смотреть фильм. 11. Если бы Джим вернулся домой рано, то мы вместе посмотрели бы фильм.12. Если бы Джим вчера вернулся домой рано, то мы вместе посмотрели бы этот фильм.

2. Fill in the table, using the examples

1. If he arrives, he will hear the news.

1. If he arrived, he would hear the news.

1. If he had arrived, he would have heard the news.

2. I'll do it if I have the time. 2. 2. I would have done it if I had

had the time. 3. If I see her, I'll tell her this story.

3. If I saw her, I would tell her the story. 3.

4. 4.If it were fine tomorrow, we would go for a picnic

4. If it had been fine yesterday, we would have been gone for a picnic.

5. If you work on Sunday, I will pay you well 5. 5. If you had worked on Sunday, I

would have paid you well. 6. If I finish the work this week, I will go on

6. If I finished the work this week, I would go on

6.

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vacation. vacation.

7. 7. If it rained next week I would plant the vegetables.

7. If it had rained last week, I would have planted the vegetables.

3. Choose the right answer.1. Если у меня будет время, то я приду сегодня.a) will have b) have c) would come d) will come2. Если бы у меня было время, я пришел бы сегодня.a) had b) had had c) would come d) would have come.3. Если бы у меня было время, я пришел бы вчера (поезд ушел).a) had b) had had c) would come d) would have come.4. Если бы я знал английский язык, то перевел бы текст сам.a) knew b) has know c) would translate d) would have translated.5. Если бы я тогда знал английский язык, то перевел бы текст сам (поезд ушел).a) knew b) had known c) would translate d) would have translated.6) Если бы он жил в большом городе, то не пропускал бы выставок живописи.a) live b) lived c) wouldn't miss d) wouldn't have missed.7) Если я поеду в Вашингтон, то посещу Капитолий.a) will go, b) go c) visit, d) will visit8) Если бы я была в Вашингтоне, то посетила бы Капитолий.a) were b) was c) will visit d) would visit9) Если бы у меня было свободное время сегодня или завтра, я сделала бы эту работу сама.a) have b) had c) would have done d) would do

UNIT 20 . DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH1. Learn grammar.

Past Present Future Future in thePast

Perfect she had done it she has done it she will have done it she would...

Perfect Continious she had been doing it

she has been doing it

she will have been doing it

she would...

Continious she was doing it she is doing it she will be doing it she would...

Simple she did it she does it she will do it she would...

Last year — the year before в прошлом году — за год до... Now — then сейчас — тогдаНеге — there здесь — там

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This — that этот — тот/ These — those эти — теToday — that day сегодня — в тот деньTomorrow — the next day завтра — на следующий день

Yesterday — the day before вчера — накануне

Прямая речь Косвенная речьHe said, "I know it." – Он сказал: «Я знаю

это». He said that he knew it. – Он сказал, что он

знает это."I am working," she said. – «Я работаю», -

сказала она. She said that she was working. – Она сказала,

что она работает.He said, "I have translated the text." – Он сказал: «Я перевел текст».

He said that he had translated the text. – Он сказал, что он перевел текст.

He said, "I get up at eight o'clock." - Он сказал: «Я встаю в восемь часов».

He said that he got up at eight o'clock. - Он сказал, что он встает в восемь часов.

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Таблица согласования времен

Если в прямой речи используется..., ...то в придаточном предложении косвенной речи используется

Present Simple He lies to me. Past Simple I knew that he lied to me.

Present Continuous He is lying to me. Past Continuous I knew he was lying to me.

Present Perfect He has lied to me. Past Perfect I suspected he had lied to me.

Present Perfect Continuous

He has been lying to me. Past Perfect Continuous I was sure he had been

lying to me.

Past Simple He lied to me about having a girlfriend. Past Perfect

I knew he had lied to me about having a

girlfriend.

Past Continuous He was lying to me. Past Perfect Continuous It was obvious he had been lying to me.

Past Perfect He had lied to me on occasion.

Past Perfect I found out that he had lied to me on occasion.

Past Perfect ContinuousHe confessed: "I had been lying to you for

the past 2 years".

Past Perfect ContinuousHe confessed that he had been lying to me for the

past 2 years.

All Future tenses "I will not lie to you any more." He promised.

All Future-in the Past tenses He promised he would

not lie to me any more.

He said, "I have been waiting for you since five o'clock." - Он сказал: «Я жду вас с пяти

часов».

He said that he had been waiting for me since five o'clock. - Он сказал, что он ждет меня с пяти

часов.

2. Finish sentences. Retell the dialogue:Helen: I want to tell you something about my holiday in London. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: I went to London in July. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: My parents went with me. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: We spent three days in London. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: London is a multicultural place. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says __________. Helen: I saw people of all colours. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: Me and my parents visited the Tower. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: One evening we went to see a musical. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says that __________. Helen: I love London. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says __________. Helen: The people are so nice there. Gareth: What does she say? You: She says __________.

PROFESSIONAL PART

UNIT 21. INFORMATION-DEPENDENT SOCIETY. COMPUTER LITERACY

1. Read and learn the following words:computer literacy — компьютерная грамотность problem-solving device — устройство, обеспечивающеерешение задачиbe aware of — понимать, сознавать opportunity— возможность

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basics — основыapplication — применение; использование to restate — пересмотреть, переосмыслить significant — значительный achievements — достижения сomputing— вычисление; счет; работа на компьютереto embrace— охватывать dimension— измерение instruction— команда, инструкция, указаниеdirect the operation — направлять работуprocess — обрабатыватьsubscription magazine - журнал по подписке data processing system — система обработки данныхhave much in common — иметь много общего

2. Read the text:COMPUTER LITERACY

Informed citizens of our information-dependent society should be computer-literate, which means that they should be able to use computers as everyday problem-solving devices. They should be aware of the potential of computers to influence the quality of life. There is little doubt that computers and their many applications are among the most significant technical achievements of the century. They bring with them both economic and social changes. In an information society a person who is computer-literate need not be an expert on the design of computers. He needn't even know much about how to prepare programs which are the instructions that direct the operations of computers. All of us are already on the way to becoming computer-literate. Just think of your everyday life. If you buy something with a bank credit card or pay a bill by check, computers help you process the information.

3. Find in the text the answers to the following questions:1. What does "a computer-literate person" mean? 2. Are you aware of the potential of computers to influence your life? 3. Give examples of using computers in everyday life.

4. Make up sentences with the following word combinations:An information-dependent society; an everyday problem-solving device; to be aware; to influence the quality of life; to have an opportunity; the most significant technical achievements; to be on the way of becoming computer-literate; to process information; to have much in common; a data processing system.

5. Make up a list of adjectives and verbs that go with the noun “computer”; use several of the resulting phrases in the sentences of your own.

6. Write sentences in Past Simple Tense:1. Many people have an opportunity to use computers.

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2. There is no doubt that computers solve problems very quickly. 3. Instructions direct the operation of a computer. 4. Computers bring with them both economic and social changes. 5. Computing embraces not only arithmetics, but also computer literacy.6. It is well known that computers prepare laboratory tests. 7. Those persons are computer literate and think of buying a new computer. 8. They receive a subscription magazine once a month. 9. My mother is ill and visits her doctor every other day. 10. Experts know much about how to prepare programs.

UNIT 22.WHAT IS A COMPUTER

1. Read and learn the following words: intricate — сложный, запутанныйelectronic circuit— электронная цепь, схемаto operate switches— приводить в действие переключателиto store numbers— запоминать числа, преобразовыватьto input / to feed in — вводить (информацию)to turn on = to switch on — включатьto turn off = to switch off— выключатьto process data — обрабатывать данныеto supply — подавать, вводить, снабжать, обеспечиватьaddition — сложениеsubtraction — вычитаниеdivision —делениеmultiplication — умножениеexponentiation — возведение в степеньuser — пользовательinput device — устройство вводаdisk drive — дисковое запоминающее устройство, дисководtape drive — запоминающее устройство на магнитной лентеcathode-ray tube — электроннолучевая трубкаto make decisions — принимать решения

2. Read the text:A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols). The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magnetize the cores. The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or

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part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory. It is considered that computers have many remarkable powers. Computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities. First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen. Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. A computer can solve a series of problems and make thousands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job. A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical 'brain', but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instantaneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.

3. Answer the questions:1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3. What are the main functions of a computer? 4. What is the basic task of a computer? 5. In what form does a computer accept information? 6. What is a program? 7. What are data? 8. What three basic capabilities have computers? 9. What are the ways of inputting information into the computer? 10. What is the function of an input device? 11. What devices are used for outputting information?

4. Тranslate the following combinations into English and find them in the text: Сложная сеть электронных цепей; управлять (приводить в действие) переключателями; хранить (запоминать) числа; обрабатывать символы; по-средством ввода сигналов; включать; выключать; обработка информации; информа-ция в виде команд; выполнять математические операции; обеспечивать необходимую информацию; устройство ввода; считывать информацию; вывод информации; принимать решения; находить решения; дать требуемую информацию; электрические импульсы; мгновенно производить огромное количество математических операций.

5. Complete sentences using the text:1. The basic job of computers is a) manipulating numbers, letters, and

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2. The computer's input device3. A computer can carry out great

numbers of A computer can solve a series of

4. Memory5. The machine is capable of storing and

characters.b) arithmetic-logical operations almost

instantaneously.c) problems and make thousands of

logical decisions without becoming tired.

d) processing of information.e) provides the information needed to

solve the problem, are kept inside the computer. reads the information into the computer.

6. Put pairs of synonyms from the list of given bellow words:For example: A. to perform, to exercise, to carry out; B. a man, a person, a human being.Verbs: to turn on, to provide, to type, to accept, to help, to learn, to observe, to call, to tell, to keep, to feed, to solve, to relate, to switch off, to communicate, to receive, to supply, to switch on, to assist, to print, to study, to input, to turn off, to decide, to store, to say, to name, to watch.Nouns: work, machine, fundamentals, display, application, capabilities, job, storage, screen, state, basics, use, concept, specialist, journal, character, memory, idea, expert, magazine, position, symbol, command, data, solution, device, instruction, powers, information, decision.Adjectives: basic, tiny, common, small, main, significant, routine, general, remarkable, uninterested, intricate, important, wonderful, complex, little.Adverbs: rapidly, probably, instantaneously, in a moment, quickly, perhaps. 7 . Fill in the blanks with the proper answer given below:1. Information is given into the computer in the form of…a) ideas; b) characters; c) rules2. The basic function of a computer is …information.a) to switch; b) to keep; c) to process3. The data needed for solving problems are kept in thea) memory; b) input device; c) output device4. Inputting information into the computer is realized by means of …..a) a printer; b) letters; c) diskettes5. A computer can carry out arithmetic-logical operations… .a) quickly; b) instantaneously; c) during some minutesa) environment; b) management; c) government.

8. Match the columns:

1. Computer a) a machine by which information is received from the computer.

2. Memory b) information given in the form of

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characters3. Data c) a device capable of storing and

manipulating numbers, letters and characters.

4. Input device d) an electronic machine that processes data under the control of a stored pro-gram.

5. Output device e) a disk drive reading the information into the computer.

UNIT 23. TEST 4

1. Read the text and make activities after it:Personal computers

Computer is an electronic device that can receive a program (a set of instructions) and then carry out this program by calculating numerical information.

The modern world of high technology is possible mainly due to the development of the computer. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.

Personal computers are also called microcomputers or home computer. The most compact are called laptops. They are portable and work on built-in batteries.

Personal computers are designed for use at homes, schools, and offices. At home they can be used for home management (balancing the family finances, for example) and for playing computer games, watching films or listening to music. Schoolchildren can use computers for doing their homework and many schools now have computers for independent learning and computer-literacy studies. In the office personal computers may be used for word processing, bookkeeping, storage and handling of necessary information.

Personal computers were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer's CPU to the size of a single silicon chip.

Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974.

In 1981, IBM Company offered its own microcomputer model, the IBM PC that became a necessary tool for almost every business. The PC's use of a 16-bit microproc-essor initiated the development of faster and more powerful personal computers, and its use of an operating system that was available to all other computer makers led to a standardization of the industry.

In the mid-1980s, a number of other developments were especially important for the growth of personal computers. One of these was the introduction of a powerful 32-bit CPU capable of running advanced operating systems at high speeds.

Another innovation was the use of conventional operating systems, such as UNIX, OS/2 and Windows. The Apple Macintosh computers were the first to allow the user to

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select icons — graphic symbols of computer functions — from a display screen instead of typing commands. New voice-controlled systems are now available, and users are able to use the words and syntax of spoken language to operate their personal computers.

2. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:

1. electronic device2. storage3. receive a program4. operating system5. icon6. at high speeds7. CPU8. integrated circuits9. technical innovations10.numerical information11.communication systems12.automation13.built-in-batteries14.logical operations

a) на высоких скоростяхb) коммуникационные

системыc) электронное устройствоd) ЦПУe) технические инновации f) хранитьg) операционная системаh) числовая информацияi) получать программуj) пиктограммаk) интегрированные схемыl) встроенные батареиm) логические операцииn) автоматизация

3. Translate the international words:

Program, era, manufacturing, communication, logical, technical, innovations, numerical, operating, graphic.

4. Answer the questions: 1) What is a personal computer?2) What are laptops?3) What main technical innovations were made possible the personal computer by?4) What functions of the personal computer do you know?

5. Complete the sentences choosing the best variant:

1) The IC permitted the … 2) The Apple Macintosh computers were the first to allow the user …3) The PC’s use of a 16-bit microprocessor initiated…4) The CPU calculates, …5) The modern world of high technology is possible …

a) the development of faster and more powerful personal computers.

b) the development of faster and more powerful personal computers.

c) performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, manages data.

d) miniaturization of computer- 48

memory circuits.e) due to the development of the

computer.f) to select icons.

UNIT 24. APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS

1. Translate the following text in written form:Notes: to maintain records — вести учетdeposits and withdrawal — вклады и изъятие (выемка)guidance — наведение (на цель); управление; руководствоon-board environment — бортовое окружение pattern recognition — распознавание образов

Computers find application in astronomy and upper atmosphere research. Weather forecasting, library information services can benefit from computers too. It is interesting to note that computers are widely used in medicine. They became valuable medical diagnostic tools. Computers are used for optical scanning and image processing, ranging from pattern recognition to image processing. Technicians can operate computer tomography scanners which combine x-rays with computer technology to give sectional views of the body of patients. The views then can be combined into a single image shown on the screen. It should be noticed that learning on a computer can be fun. Students spend more time with computer-aided instruction performing the assigned task, as compared with conventional classroom. At last air traffic control is impossible without computer ap-plication. It fully depends upon computer-generated information. Many other uses of computers that we cannot imagine at present will become commonplace in the transition from an industrial to post industrial, or information society.

2. Choose the right variant having the main idea of the text: a) Computers are devices that accept information in the form of instructions.в) The switches are usually in one of two states: magnetized or demagnetized.c) Computers are remarkable devices serving for processing and storage the information and for solving problems.

3. Give a summary of the text.

UNIT 25. COMPUTERS IN OUR LIFE

1. Read and translate the text: Computers have had a great impact on modern society. Today computers are constantly becoming a part of our everyday life. They are used in everything from the home PC or laptop to appliances such as microwaves, mobile phones, entertainment devices (such as DVD-players) and even our cars. Computers have had a great impact not only on our everyday life, but also on education and the workplace. It’s almost impossible to get through one day without having some from of interaction with computers.

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The Internet has also had a huge impact on society. It provides information and services, as well as the ability to communicate to people all around the world in a variety of ways. These range from bulletin boards and chat rooms to voice conversations and video conferencing. It’s available to millions of people and those who don’t have the Internet at home will often have access at work or school, or even at the local library. The use of computers for educational purposes has been highly beneficial for those involved. From a primary school level children are taught the basis of computer use, including the use of the Internet. At high school this continues as children become more and more proficient in using the computer. In the tertiary level though, computers really come into use, the reason is news, assignments, tests, lecture notes, etc. can be placed on the Internet. It’s extremely useful for students who live in remote areas and cannot travel to and from university or other tertiary institution every day. In general, computers are beneficial to the tasks they are applied to. Although computers can cause some problems, such as unemployment and computer viruses, they are far outweighed by the benefits computers provide. They have the conclusion that informed citizens of our information-dependent society should be computer-literate, that means we should be able to use computers as everyday problem-solving devices and to restate our attitude to computers in one person’s casual life. There’s a little doubt that computers and their applications are among the most significant technical achievements of the centuries. They bring with them both economic and social changes. 2. Say if the sentence is true or false 1. Society is much influenced by computers at present time. 2. You can find computers everywhere, even in your car. 3. Computers can be operated by microwaves. 4.DVD player is an entertainment device. 5. The Internet is a source of information only. 6.You can’t watch or hear people’s voices through the Internet. 7. You can get access to the Internet at the local library. 8. Children are taught the basis of computer use at a primary school level. 9. Computers can be used in education at a distance. 10. There are more advantages than disadvantages with computers. 11. It isn’t necessary to the modern person to study computing. 12. Computers cannot change our casual life. 13. The biggest problem with the computer is poor eyesight.

3. Answer the questions 1. Have computers become an integral part of our life? 2. What types of appliances can computers be used in? 3. What kinds of services does the Internet provide? 4. Where can people get access to the Internet? 5. How are children taught to use the computer? 6. What are the disadvantages of computer? 7. What’s the role of computers in our everyday life?

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8. What does “a computer-literate person” mean? 9. Can you give some examples of computer’s using in everyday life?

4. Make up sentences with the following words and phrases an information-dependent society; to influence the quality of life; to have an opportunity; an everyday problem-solving device; the most significant technical achievements 5. Do the crossword. Find the following words: O A P P L I A N C EP C L F I M P A C TR C V I R U S E S DO E B H N B E S R DV S C O M P U T E RI S E R V I C E M AD E D U C A T I O NE I N T E R N E T AO S F D E V I C E SP T E C H N I C A L

1.доступ2.служба3.компьютер4.устройство5.влияние6.интернет7.образование8.технический9.отдаленный10.вирусы11.прибор12.предоставлять

UNIT 26. COMPUTERS: A BLESSING OR A CURSE?

1. Read the following models and answer these questions: a) Which is a "for and against" argumentative essay? b) Which are the "for and against" points mentioned? c) Which is an argumentative essay expressing opinion? d) How is each viewpoint supported? Finally, give the paragraph outline.

Almost every home, office or school has a computer of some kind these days. Many people feel that these machines are now an essential part of our lives, but how necessary are they really?One of the main advantages is the time that can be saved by using a computer. This is especially beneficial in the workplace, where employees can do

Computers play an important role in the lives of most of us today, whether we realize it or not. Some people, however, are beginning to ask if we really need them. In my opinion, computers have become a necessary part of modern life.In the first place, computers can save a lot of storage space. Storing information on computer disks is one of the most

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MODEL A

their work far faster than they could in the past. In addition to this, computers can be educational and fun. From a very young age, children can gain basic computer skills through programmers that allow them to learn, draw, paint and play. In today's technological world, this knowledge can only help them in the future.However, there are various negative aspects to using computers. Many jobs have been lost due to the fact that com-puters can do a lot of tasks more efficiently than humans. This has led to high unemployment in many countries. What is more, computers can actually cause health problems. Endless hours in front of a screen can cause eye strain and headaches, which are serious side-effects.To sum up, it seems that computers are a useful addition to our fast-moving world of high technology. However, it must be remembered that they are here to serve us - not to replace us.

efficient ways of keeping data. One computer disk can hold the same amount of information as several books.Furthermore, computers save everyone a lot of valuable time. Stored information can be found at the touch of a button, whereas searching for it manually takes much longer. Therefore, our everyday lives are made easier - from going to the bank to doing the shopping.Nevertheless, there are those who claim that computers are unnecessary and make our lives more complicated. They argue that in the past we managed very well using other methods and that we have become too dependent on computers. However, they fail to consider that the time saved by using computers for repetitive tasks enables us to use our own time more creatively and productively.All in all, I strongly believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our lives for the better and there is no reason why we should not make them work to our advantage.

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2. Match a word in the box with a definition to find out what you know. Are you a computer nerd or a technophobe?

UNIT 27. Hardware

1. Read the text.The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is referred to as hardware. A computer system is a combination of five elements:

• Hardware• Software• People• Procedures• Data/informationWhen one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system,

connectivity becomes the sixth system element. In other words, the manner in which the various individual systems are connected — for example, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite — is an element of the total computer system.

Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to 53

1) a modem2) a computer nerd3) a disk4) a mouse5) the Internet6) cyberspace7) a technophobe 8) a cyber buddy

a) a person who doesn't like modern machines, especially computers;

b) a computer system which allows millions of computer users around the world to exchange information;

c) a piece of electronic equipment that allows information to be sent along telephone wires from one computer to another;

d) a friend who you only ever communicate with through computers;

e) a small object which you move with your hands to give instructions to a computer;

f) a flat piece of plastic you use for storing information;

g) the imaginary place where messages, information pictures

h) someone whose life is dominated by computers

perform a task. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do. People, however, are the most important component of the computer system: they create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.

The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making. Computer is used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.

Vocabulary:characters — символыdata — данныеdecision — решениеdevice — устройствоhardware — оборудованиеinstruction — командаintelligence — разумmanner — манера, способmicrowave — микроволноваяprocedures — процедуры, операцииpurpose — цельraw — необработанный, сырой

to come to life — оживатьto connect — соединятьto convert — превращать, преобразовыватьto create — создаватьto evaluate — оцениватьto refer to as — называть что-либоto refine — очищать to respond — отвечать transmission — передача various — различные

2. Answer the questions.1) What does the term «computer» describe?2) Is computer intelligent?

3) What are five components of computer system? 4)What is software? What's the difference between hardware and software?

5) Why people are the most important component of a computer system?6) In what way terms «data» and «information» differ?

3. Which of the listed below terms have Russian equivalents. Computer, diskette, metal, processor, scanner, information, data, microphones, printer, modem, Internet.

4. Which of the listed above statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.1) Computer is made of electronic components so it is referred to as electronic device.2) Computer has no intelligence until software is loaded.3) There are five elements of computer system: hardware, software, people, diskettes and data.4) The manner in which computers are connected is the connectivity.5) Without software instructions hardware doesn't know what to do.6) The software is the most important component because it is made by people.

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7) The user inputs data into computer to get information as an output.8) Computer is used to help people in decision making process.

5. Match the following:1) ... doesn't come to life until it is connected to other parts of a system.2) ... is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.3) ... create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present4) Information in the form of instruction is called a...5) The manner in which the various individual systems are connected is...6) ... is organized, processed and useful for decision making7) The basic job of the computer is the...

a) programb) informationc) processing of informationd) softwaree) connectivityf) computerg) people

6. Translate the text. Retell the text, using the vocabulary.

What is hardware? Webster's dictionary gives us the following definition of the hardware — the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical devices composing a computer system.Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:

1) input hardware2) processing hardware3) storage hardware4) output hardware.Input hardwareThe purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form

suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a hand held device connected to the computer by small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the mouse pad, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to signal a menu selection or a command to the computer.

The light pen uses a light sensitive photoelectric cell to signal screen position to the computer. Another type of input hardware is optic-electronic scanner that is used to input graphics as well as typeset characters. Microphone and video camera can be also used to input data into the computer. Electronic cameras are becoming very popular among the consumers for their relatively low price and convenience.

Processing hardwareThe purpose of processing hardware is retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of

software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the Central Processing Unit and main memory.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing activities that must take

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place. The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer, as well as the amount of main memory it can use effectively. With a well-designed CPU in your computer, you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.

Memory is the system of component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM (random access memory) is the volatile computer memory, used for creating loading, and running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing data;

ROM (read only memory) is nonvolatile, non-modifiable computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system.

The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform.Storage hardwareThe purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form

that is relatively permanent and retrieve when needed for processing. Storage hardware serves the same basic functions as do office filing systems except that it stores data as electromagnetic signals. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk, floppy disk and CD-ROM.

Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.

Floppy disk (diskette) - thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer data and programs. There are two formats for floppy disks: 5.25" and 3.5". 5.25" is not used in modern computer systems because of it relatively large size flexibility and small capacity. 3.5" disks are formatted 1.4 megabytes and are widely used.

CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a compact disc on which a large amount of digitized read-only data can be stored. CD-ROMs are very popular now be-cause of the growing speed which CD-ROM drives can provide nowadays. Output hardware

The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is output in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy output can be held in your hand, such as paper with text (word or numbers) or graphics printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on a monitor.

Monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing computer data, television programs, etc.

Printer is a computer output device that produces a paper copy of data or graphics.Modem is an example of communication hardware — an electronic device that

makes possible the transmission of data to or from computer via telephone or other communication lines.

Hardware comes in many configurations, depending on what the computer system is designed to do. Hardware can fill several floors of a large office building or can fit on your lap.

Vocabulary:amount — количествоcapacity — вместительностьcircuitry — эл. цепиCPU, microprocessor —

микропроцессорhard disk — жесткий диск, «винчестер»input hardware — устройства ввода

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данныхkeyboard — клавиатураlap — колениmodem — модемmouse — устройство для перемещения объектов на экране, «мышь»output hardware — выходные устройства отображения информации printer — принтерprocessing hardware — устройства обработки данных RAM — ОЗУ (оперативное запоминающее устройство) ROM — ПЗУ (постоянное запоминающее устройство) CD-ROM — накопитель на компакт-дисках (CD) scanner — сканер sensitive — чувствительный

sophisticated — сложныйstorage hardware — устройства хранения данных temporarily — временно temporary — временный the purpose — цель tier — ярусto affect — влиятьto connect — соединятьto convert — преобразовыватьto direct — управлятьto execute — выполнятьto interpret — переводитьto provide — обеспечиватьto reach — достигатьto retrieve — извлекатьto roll — катать, перекатыватьvolatile — летучий, нестойкий, временный

7. Answer the questions.1. What is the Webster's dictionary definition of the hardware?2. What groups of hardware could be defined?3. What is input hardware? What are the examples of input hardware?4. What is mouse designed for? What is a light pen?5. What is processing hardware? What are the basic types of memory used in a PC?6. Can a PC-user change the ROM? Who records the information in ROM?7. What is storage hardware? What is CD-ROM used for? Can a user record his or

her data on a CD? What kind of storage hardware can contain more information: CD-ROM, RAM or ROM?

8. What is modem used for? Can PC-user communicate with other people without a modem?

8. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.

1) Computer is an electronic device therefore hardware is a system of electronic devices.

2) The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing.

3) Scanner is used to input graphics only.4) The purpose of processing hardware is to retrieve, interpret and direct the

execution of software instructions provided to the computer.5) CPU reads and interprets software and prints the results on paper.6) User is unable to change the contents of ROM.

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7) Printer is a processing hardware because its purpose is to show the information produced by the system.

8) Modem is an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data from one computer to another via telephone or other communication lines.

9) The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent and retrieve them when needed for processing.

9. Give definitions to the following using the vocabulary1)CPU2) ROM3) Floppy-disk4) CD-ROM

5) Printer6) Modem7) Motherboard8) Hard disk

9) Keyboard10) Sound-card

10. Which of the following is Hardware:1) program2) mouse3)CPU

4) printer5) modem6) command

7) port8) cursor or the pointer

9) keyboard 10) character

11. Match the following:

a) nonvolatile, non-modifiable computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system.b) the part of a television or computer on which a picture is formed or information is displayed.

c) rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer programs and relatively large amounts of data.

d) an electronic device that makes possible he transmission of data to or from computer via telephone or other communication lines.

e) a set of keys, usually arranged in tiers, for operating a typewriter, typesetting machine, computer terminal, or the like.f) volatile computer memory, used for creating, loading, and running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing data; main memory.g) central processing unit: the key component of a computer system, containing the circuitry necessary to interpret and execute program instructions.h) a palm-sized device equipped with one or more buttons, used to point at and select items on a computer display screen and for controlling the cursor by means of analogous movement on a nearby surface.i) a thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer data and program.

1) CPU2) keyboard3) mouse4)diskette5) hard disk6) modem7) display8) RAM9) ROM

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UNIT 28. TYPES OF SOFTWARE

1. Read the text.A computer to complete a job requires more than just the actual equipment or

hardware we see and touch. It requires Software — programs for directing the operation of a computer or electronic data.

Software is the final computer system component. These computer programs instruct the hardware how to conduct processing. The computer is merely a general-purpose machine which requires specific software to perform a given task. Computers can input, calculate, compare, and output data as information. Software determines the order in which these operations are performed.

Programs usually fall in one of two categories: system software and applications software.

System software controls standard internal computer activities. An operating system, for example, is a collection of system programs that aid in the operation of a computer regardless of the application software being used. When a computer is first turned on, one of the systems programs is booted or loaded into the computers memory. This software contains information about memory capacity, the model of the processor, the disk drives to be used, and more. Once the system software is loaded, the applications software can be brought in.

System programs are designed for the specific pieces of hardware. These programs are called drivers and coordinate peripheral hardware and computer activities. User needs to install a specific driver in order to activate a peripheral device. For example, if you intend to buy a printer or a scanner you need to worry in advance about the driver program which, though, commonly goes along with your device. By installing the driver you «teach» your mainboard to «understand» the newly attached part.

Applications software satisfies your specific need. The developers of application software rely mostly on marketing research strategies trying to do their best to attract more users (buyers) to their software. As the productivity of the hardware has increased greatly in recent years, the programmers nowadays tend to include as much as possible in one program to make software interface look more attractive to the user. These class of programs is the most numerous and perspective from the

marketing point of view.Data communication within and between computers systems is handled by system

software. Communications software transfers data from one computer system to another. These programs usually provide users with data security and error checking along with physically transferring data between the two computer's memories. During the past five years the developing electronic network communication has stimulated more and more companies to produce various communication software, such as Web-Browsers for Internet.

Vocabulary:aid — помощьto attach — присоединятьcontrol — управлениеdeveloper — разработчик

equipment — оборудованиеgeneral-purpose — общего назначенияinternal — внутреннийmainboard — материнская плата

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memory capacity — вместимость памятиperipheral — периферийный regard — отношениеregardless — несмотря на, безотносительно, security — безопасностьspecific — конкретный, определенный to boot — загружатьto check — проверять to complete — совершать, завершатьto conduct — проводитьto develop — развивать, проявлятьto direct — управлять, руководить

to handle — управлять, обращаться с to install — устанавливать, встраивать, инсталлироватьto provide with — обеспечивать чем-либо to require — требовать to secure — обеспечивать безопасностьto transfer — переводить, переноситьWeb-browser — «браузер» (программа, позволяющая пользователю искать и считывать информацию с глобальной электронной сети Internet)

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2. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text:1) Computer programs only instruct hardware how to handle data storage.2) System software controls internal computer activities.3) System software is very dependable on the type of application software being used.4) The information about memory capacity, the model of the processor and disk drives are unavailable for system software.5) The driver is a special device usually used by car drivers for Floppy-disk driving.6) It is very reasonable to ask for a driver when you buy a new piece of hardware.7) Software developers tend to make their products very small and with poor interface to save computer resources.8) Communication software is in great demand now because of the new advances in communication technologies.9) Application software is merely a general-purpose instrument.10) Web-browsers is the class of software for electronic communication through the network.

3. Find English equivalents in the text:1) Программное обеспечение определяет порядок выполнения операций.2) Прикладные программы выполняют поставленную вами конкретную задачу (удовлетворяют вашу потребность).3) Этот класс программ — самый многочисленный и перспективный с точки зрения маркетинга.4) Системные программы предназначены для конкретных устройств компьютерной системы.5) Устанавливая драйвер, вы <учите» систему «понимать» вновь присоединенное устройство.6) Когда компьютер впервые включается, одна из системных программ должна быть загружена в его память.7) Развитие систем электронной коммуникации за последние пять лет стимулировало производство соответствующих программных продуктов возрастающим числом компаний-разработчиков.

UNIT 29. TEST 5

1. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:1. electronic device 2. storage3.receive a program 4.operating system5.icon6.instruction

a. командаb. коммуникационные системы c. передачаd. электронное устройствоe. ЦПУf. технические инновации

7.CPU8.integrated circuits

9. technical innovations10.numerical information11.communication systems

12.to refine 13.transmission 14.to connect 15.processing hardware 16.hard disk 17.RAM 18.input hardware 19.output hardware

g. хранитьh. операционная системаi. числовая информацияj. получать программуk. соединятьl. пиктограммаm. устройства обработки данных n. жесткий диск, «винчестер»o. интегрированные схемыp. очищать q. ОЗУ r. выходные устройства отображения информацииs. устройства ввода данных

2. Read and translate the text. Translate paragraphs 2,3,4,5 in written form:Notes:

to interact — взаимодействоватьto accomplish — выполнять, достигатьweapon — оружие to replace — замещатьRecycle Bin — корзина to crash — ломаться, давать сбои to remove — удалять co-workers — коллеги, сослуживцы rarely — редко

frequently — часто support — поддержка necessity — необходимость flash — вспышкаin a flash — моментально to give smth. a thought — подумать о чем- либо brand-name — торговая марка shortcut — кратчайший путь to plug — подключать

1. Operating systems control and manage the use of hardware devices such as the printer or mouse. They also provide disk management by letting you store information in files. The operating system also lets you run programs such as the basic word processor. Lastly, the operating system provides several of its own commands that help you to use the computer. DOS is the most commonly used PC operating system. DOS is an abbreviation for disk operating system. DOS was developed by a company named Microsoft. MS-DOS is an abbreviation for «Microsoft DOS». When IBM first released the IBM PC in 1981, IBM licensed DOS from Microsoft for use on the PC and called it PC-DOS. From the users perspective, PC-DOS and MS-DOS are the same, each providing the same capabilities and commands. The version of DOS release in 1981 was 1.0. Over the past decade, DOS has undergone several changes. Each time the DOS developers release a new version, they increase the version number.

2. Windows NT (new technology) is an operating system developed by Microsoft. NT is an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windows 3.0, 3.1 programs. NT requires a 386 processor or greater and 8 Mb of

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RAM. For the best NT performance, you have to use a 486 processor with about 16 Mb or higher. Unlike the Windows, which runs on top of DOS, Windows NT is an operating system itself. However, NT is DOS compatible. The advantage of using NT over Windows is that NT makes better use of the PC's memory management capabilities.

3. OS/2 is a PC operating system created by IBM. Like NT, OS/2 is DOS compatible and provides a graphical user interface that lets you run programs with a click of a mouse. Also like NT, OS/2 performs best when you are using a powerful system. Many IBM-based PCs are shipped with OS/2 preinstalled.

4. UNIX is a multi-user operating system that allows multiple users to access the system and to use terminals and not PC's. UNIX allowed each user to simultaneously run the programs they desired. Unlike NT and OS/2, UNIX is not DOS compatible. Most users would not purchase UNIX for their own use.

5. Windows 95 & 98 (Windows 2000) are the most popular user-oriented operating systems with a friendly interface and multitasking capabilities. The usage of Windows 95 and its enhanced version Windows 98 is so simple that even little kids learn how to use it very quickly. Windows 95 and 98 are DOS compatible, so all programs written for DOS may work under the new operating system.

3. Which of the listed above statements are true/false? Specify your answer using the text.

1) An «icon» is graphical image that represents file and its type.2) Second button is not used in Windows 95 because most people use 1-

button mouse.3) There are no similarities between Macintosh and Windows 95 desktop

tools.4) Windows 95 has some tools which help to communicate with other people

through computer network.5) It's no longer possible to use MS-DOS commands and run MS-DOS files.6) Microsoft corporation is oriented to produce as many programs as needed

to meet people needs and make them buy specific brand- name products.7) New plug-n-play capability is for those who like to play computer games

24 hours a day and seven days a week.8) A new shortcut feature is used to cut long programs very short to save disk

space.9) New Find feature helps you to locate the contents of files.10) It must be mentioned that all new Windows features are possible only

because of the low level of performance and quality.4. Match the columns:

1. Computer a) a machine by which information is received from the computer.

2. Memory b) information given in the form of characters

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3. Data c) a device capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters and characters.

4.Input device d) an electronic machine that processes data under the control of a stored program.

UNIT 30. INTRODUCTION TO THE WWW AND THE INTERNET

1. Read the text.Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve

information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas including the arts, business, government, humanities, news, politics and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other means of informational exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transactions. All this activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are connected to the Internet and exchange information in the same basic ways. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But it's not a collection of networks. Rather, it is information that is connected or linked together like a web. You access this information through one interface or tool called a Web browser. The number of resources and services that are part of the World Wide Web is growing extremely fast. In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the WWW, and more than half the information that is transferred across the Internet is accessed through the WWW. By using a computer terminal (hardware) connected to a network that is a part of the Internet, and by using a program (software) to browse or retrieve information that is a part of the World Wide Web, the people connected to the Internet and World Wide Web through the local providers have access to a variety of information. Each browser provides a graphical interface. You move from place to place, from site to site on the Web by using a mouse to click on a portion of text, icon or region of a map. These items are called hyperlinks or links. Each link you select represents a document, an image, a video clip or an audio file somewhere on the Internet. The user doesn't need to know where it is, the browser follows the link. All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio stations broadcast live on the WWW. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it's available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents.Vocabulary:World Wide Web — «Всемирная Паутина»to retrieve — извлекатьvariety — разнообразие, спектрrecreation — развлечениеnetwork — сеть

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to share — делитьhumanities — гуманитарные наукиbusiness transactions — коммерческие операцииaccess — доступto browse — рассматривать, разглядыватьbrowser — браузер (программа поиска информации)to provide — обеспечивать (чем-либо)provider — провайдер (компания, предоставляющая доступ к WWW через местные телефонные сети) broadcast live — передавать в прямом эфире site — страница, сайт to link — соединятьhyperlink — гиперссылка to compete — соревноваться

2. Answer the questions:1) What is Internet used for?2) Why so many activities such as e-mail and business transactions are

possible through the Internet?3) What is World Wide Web?4) What is Web browser?5) What does a user need to have an access to the WWW?6) What are hyperlinks?7) What resources are available on the WWW?8) What are the basic recreational applications of WWW?

3. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.

1) There are still not so many users of the Internet.2) There is information on all sorts of topics on the Internet, including

education and weather forecasts.3) People can communicate through e-mail and chat programs only.4) Internet is tens of thousands of networks which exchange the information

in the same basic way.5) You can access information available on the World Wide Web through the

Web browser.6) You need a computer (hardware) and a special program (software) to be a

WWW user.7) You move from site to site by clicking on a portion of text only.8) Films and pictures are not available on the Internet.9) Radio and TV-broadcasting is a future of Internet. They're not available

yet.

4. Define the following using the vocabulary:1) Internet2) World Wide Web

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3) Web browser4) Internet provider5) Hyperlinks

5. Find the equivalents:1) Объем ресурсов и услуг, которые являются частью WWW, растет чрезвычайно быстро.2) Каждая ссылка, выбранная вами представляет документ, графическое изображение, видеоклип или аудио файл где-то в Интернет.3) Интернет может быть также использован для целей развлечения.4) Вы получаете доступ к ресурсам Интернет через интерфейс или инструмент, который называется веб-браузер.5) Вся эта деятельность возможна благодаря десяткам тысяч компьютерных сетей, подключенных к Интернет и обменивающихся информацией в одном режиме.6) Пользователи общаются через электронную почту, дискуссионные группы, чэт-каналы (многоканальный разговор в реальном времени) и другие сред-ства информационного обмена.

6. Match the sentences with the words:web browser, providers, link, WWW

1) You access the information through one interface or tool called a...2) People connected to the WWW through the local... have access to a variety of information.3) The user doesn't need to know where the site is, the... follows the...4) In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the...5) Each... provides a graphical interface.6) Local... charge money for their services to access... resources.

UNIT 31. FAMOUS PEOPLE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

1. Read the texts and make theses to them. Retell one of them.1) Bill Gates

William Henry Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, in 1955.He is an American business executive, chairman and chief executive officer of the Microsoft Corporation. Gates was the founder of Microsoft in 1975 together with Paul Alien, his partner in computer language development. While attending Harvard in 1975, Gates together with Alien developed a version of the BASIC computer programming language for the first personal computer.In the early 1980s. Gates led Microsoft's evolution from the developer of computer programming languages to a large computer software company. This transition began with the introduction of MS-DOS, the operating system for the new IBM Personal Computer in 1981. Gates also led Microsoft towards the introduction of application software such as the Microsoft Word processor.Much of Gates' success is based on his ability to translate technical visions into

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market strategy. Although Gates has accumulated great wealth from his holdings of Microsoft stock, he has been known as a tough competitor who seems to value winning in a competitive environment over money. Gates still continues to work personally in product development at Microsoft.

2) Steven Paul Jobs Steven Paul Jobs was an American entrepreneur, designer and inventor, co-founder and chairman of the Apple, Co-founder of Pixar studio. He has been widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the revolution in the field of personal computers. In the late 1970s, Jobs' friend Steve Wozniak developed one of the first personal computers. Computer Apple II was the first mass product of Apple initiated by Steve Jobs. Later Jobs saw the commercial potential of the GUI, the mouse control, which led to the emergence of computers Apple Lisa and, one year later, Macintosh (Mac). After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT - the company that developed a computer platform for universities and businesses. In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Production Company Lucas film, turning it into a studio Pixar. He remained CEO Pixar and principal shareholder until the studio was acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2006, making Jobs the largest private shareholder and board member of Disney. Difficulties in developing a new operating system for Mac led to the purchase of NeXT by Apple in 1996, the Next STEP operating system to use as the basis for Mac OS X. Under the deal, Jobs was appointed adviser to Apple. By 1997, Jobs returned control of Apple, leading the corporation. Under his leadership, the company was saved from bankruptcy and a year later became profitable. Over the next decade, Jobs has led the development of iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone and iPad, as well as the development of the Apple Store, iTunes Store and App Store. The success of these products and services, to provide several years of stable financial returns, allowed Apple to become in 2011 the most valuable public company in the world. Many commentators have called the revival of Apple one of the greatest achievements in the history of business. At the same time, Jobs has been criticized for authoritarian management style, aggressive actions against competitors. Jobs has received recognition and several awards for their impact on the industry of technology and music. He is often referred to as "visionary" and even "the father of the digital revolution." Jobs was a brilliant speaker and brought the presentation of innovative products to the next level, turning them into a great show. His unmistakable figure in a black turtleneck, jeans and sneakers, surrounded by a kind of cult. After eight years of fighting the disease, in 2011, Steve Jobs died of pancreatic cancer.

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APPENDIX. VOCABULARY.Computer

ability - способность, возможность accurate - точный (to) affect - воздействовать amount of date - объем данных approximately - приблизительно (to) attain - достигать available - доступный broadband connection - выделенное подключение (to) browse - просматривать browser - браузер, окно просмотра (to) carry out - выполнять computer desk - компьютерный стол computer mouse - компьютерная мышка (photo)copier - ксерокс (to) count - считать, сосчитать CPU - центральный процессор (to) crack - взломать dangerous - опасный data (datum) - факты, данные, сведения defense - оборона, защита (to) deploy - использовать, употреблять (to) design - задумывать, придумывать, разрабатывать (to) determine - определить dial up - удаленный доступ к сети digital - цифровой display - дисплей (to) download - нагружать, пересылать (по линии связи) drive - диск electronic device - электронное устройство electronic mail - электронная почта email accounts - учетные записи электронной почты (to) enable - давать возможность или право на ч-т (to) enhance - повышать, увеличивать essential - существенный except - за исключением, кроме facsimile message - факс fast modem - быстрый модем (to) finding - находить flash drive (card) - флеш-карта floppy disk - дискета (to) handle - обращаться, иметь дело с

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hard drive - жесткий диск informational server - информационный сервер (to) intercept - перехватить (сигнал и т.д.) interface - интерфейс, адаптер keyboard - клавиатура laptop - ноутбук (to) last - длиться layman - непрофессионал, любитель, ламер (to) log in - входить, подключаться (to) matсh - подходить, соответствовать message - послание monitor - монитор motherboard – материнская плата (the) net - интернет, сеть network - сеть notwithstanding - тем не менее, однако, все же obsolete - устаревший operating system - операционная система overload - перегрузка (to) perform - выполнять, осуществлять player - проигрыватель printer - принтер processing unit - вычислительное устройство (to) provide - снабжать, доставлять; обеспечивать provider - провайдер, поставщик query - запрос, вопрос (to) receive - получать, принимать reliable - надежный (to) respond - отвечать, реагировать scale - масштаб (to) scan - сканировать scanner - сканер search-program - программа-поисковик security - безопасность (to) send - отправлять set of instructions - набор (свод инструкций) significant - значительный, важный, существенный site - сайт society - общество (to) solve - решать, разрешать; находить выход source - источник speakers - колонки storage - хранение (to) surf - просматривать различные сайты в сети system unit - системный блок

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tool - инструмент, орудие (to) type - печатать, напечатать (to) update - обновить user - пользователь virtual reality - виртуальная реальность voice message - голосовое послание voltage - напряжение window - окно

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ЛИТЕРАТУРА:1. Восковская, А.С., Карпова Т.А. Английский язык, среднее профессиональное образование, Ростов-на-Дону, 2008г.2. Коваленко, П.И., Агабекян, И.П. Английский для технических ВУЗов. Учебное пособие. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2008г-220с. 3. Луговая, А.Л. Английский язык для студентов технических специальностей: Учебное пособие - М.: «Высшая школа»; Издательский центр «Академия», 2012-150с. 4. Радовель, В.А. Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности: Учебное пособие – Ростов н /Д: Феникс, 2012.-224с.5. Интернет-ресурсы:1. rost . ru / projects - Национальный проект "Образование".  2. http :// www . km . ru - Мультипортал3. http :// www . intuit . ru / - Интернет-Университет Информационных технологий 4. http://ru.wikipedia.org/ - Свободная энциклопедия

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