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Contract No: 317542
iMobility Challenge
www.imobilitychallenge.eu
Report type: Deliverable 2.2
Report name: Mapping of products and services
Version number: Version 2.0
Dissemination level: Public
Lead contractor: FIA
Due date: M6
Date of preparation: 29.03.2013
iMobility Challenge Partners:
Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA)
Association des Constructeurs Européen d’Automobiles (ACEA)
Comité de Liaison de la Construction d’Equipements et de Pièces Automobiles (CLEPA)
European Road Transport Telematics Implementation (ERTICO)
Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus (VTT)
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Contributors
Name Organization Notes
Lina Konstantinopoulou ERTICO - EUROPE
Risto Öörni and Anna
Schirokoff VTT
Review / comments by WP leader
Virginie Tolio and Gabriel
Simcic FIA
Review
Quality control
Version Description Controller Date Comments
1.0 First draft Lina
Konstantinopoulou
18/03/2013
1.1 Review Virginie Tolio and
Gabriel Simcic Risto
Öörni and Anna
Schirokoff
22/03/2013
2.0 Final draft Lina
Konstantinopoulou
29/03/2013
Authors (full list)
Lina Konstantinopoulou, ERTICO – ITS EUROPE
Project co-ordinator
Gabriel Simcic
Project Manager
FIA
e-mail: [email protected]
Phone: +32 (0) 2 282 08 17
Visiting address:
Rue de la Science 41, 5th Floor
B-1040 Brussels
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Contents
Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 8
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Method ........................................................................................................................................ 10
2. Literature study on Co-operative ITS................................................................................................. 11
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.2 Co-operative ITS definition .......................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Co-operative ITS applications ...................................................................................................... 11
2.4 ITS architecture for Co-operative systems .................................................................................. 12
2.5 Co-operative ITS communication architecture ........................................................................... 14
2.6 Access technologies ..................................................................................................................... 15
2.7 Future Internet and the Connected Car ...................................................................................... 16
2.8 European projects on Co-operative ITS ....................................................................................... 18
2.9 Co-operative ITS standardisation ................................................................................................ 20
2.10 Co-operative ITS Interoperability .............................................................................................. 21
2.10.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 21
2.10.2 Conformance testing .............................................................................................................. 22
2.10.3 Interoperability testing ........................................................................................................... 22
2.11 Certification ............................................................................................................................... 23
2.11.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 23
2.11.2 EC type Approval .................................................................................................................... 23
2.11.3 Certification organisations ..................................................................................................... 24
3. Connected Car market ....................................................................................................................... 26
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 26
3.2 Connected market outlook .......................................................................................................... 26
3.3 Connected Car players ................................................................................................................. 34
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3.3.1 Key Players................................................................................................................................ 34
3.3.2 Strategic Alliances .................................................................................................................... 35
4. Results of C-ITS questionnaire ........................................................................................................... 38
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 38
4.1.1 Survey form .............................................................................................................................. 38
4.1.2 Distribution ............................................................................................................................... 38
4.2 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 39
4.2.1 Generic overview of the answers and their origin ................................................................... 39
4.2.2 Description of the Co-operative ITS product ............................................................................ 40
5. Discussions and conclusions .............................................................................................................. 44
5.1 Discussion of results .................................................................................................................... 44
5.2 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................ 45
Annex I – Questionnaire on Co-operative ITS products ........................................................................ 47
Annex II - Full Answers of Questionnaire on Co-operative ITS ............................................................. 49
Annex III: Mapping of products and services ....................................................................................... 58
Annex IV: Strategic Alliances ................................................................................................................. 64
References ............................................................................................................................................. 69
Table of Figures
Figure 1: V-model system lifecycle (FRAME, 2011) ............................................................................... 12
Figure 2: The FRAME methodology (FRAME, 2011) .............................................................................. 13
Figure 3: Co-operative ITS functional areas (FRAME, 2011) ................................................................. 13
Figure 4 : ITS Communication architecture (ETSI, 2010) ....................................................................... 14
Figure 5: ITS station (ETSI, 2010) ........................................................................................................... 15
Figure 6: Structure of European standardisation organisations on various levels (Evensen, K. and
Csepinszky, A, 2011) .............................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 7: Growth enablers for connected car (GSMA, 2012) ................................................................ 26
Figure 8: Option matrix portfolio of services offered by OEMs (Arthur D. Little consultants, 2012) ... 27
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Figure 9: Use Cases and Key Drivers of the Connected Car Ecosystem, (GSMA 2012) ......................... 28
Figure 10: Connected car services and market trend (GSMA, 2012) .................................................... 29
Figure 11: Insurance telematics (Ptolemus, 2012) ................................................................................ 30
Figure 12: Milestones of the European Industry Roadmap for Electrification of Road Transport
(CAPIRE, 2011) ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 13: Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) worldwide (Colorado, 2013) ............................................... 33
Figure 14: Partnerships in the Automotive Supply Industry (KPMG, 2008). ......................................... 36
Figure 15: iMobility Challenge questionnaire email flash ..................................................................... 39
Figure 16: Type of Organisation of respondent .................................................................................... 39
Figure 17: Country of origin of respondents ......................................................................................... 40
Figure 18: Type of Co-operative ITS product ......................................................................................... 41
Figure 19: Type of Co-operative ITS product subsystem per stakeholder ............................................ 41
Figure 20: Service type functionality ..................................................................................................... 42
Figure 21: Type of communication technology used ............................................................................ 43
Figure 22: Maturity of product .............................................................................................................. 43
List of Tables
Table 1: Overview of service categories used to describe the future mobility developments (TNO,
2010) ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
Table 2: Eco-driving: most downloaded applications (Oorni, 2012) .................................................... 34
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Abbreviations
Abbreviation Definition
2G, 3G Second-generation wireless telephone technology / Third-generation
wireless telephone technology
802.11p vehicular IEEE 802.11p is an approved amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard to
add wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE)
ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System
bCall Breakdown Call
CALM Communications Access for Land Mobiles
Car2Car consortium Car-to-Car Communication Consortium
CEN European Committee for Standardization
C-ITS Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems
DoT Department of Transportation
DSRC 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communications
EC European Commission
ESOs European Standardisation Organisations
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FVD Floating Vehicle Data
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial
Mobile), is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital
cellular networks used by mobile phones.
HMI Human-machine interaction
I2I Infrastructure-to-infrastructure communications
ICT Information and Communication Technologies
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
ISO International Standardization Organization
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ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
ITS-S ITS Station
LTE Long-term evolution, marketed as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless
communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals.
M2M Machine to machine (M2M) refers to technologies that allow both
wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices of the
same ability.
Modem A modulator-demodulator is a device that modulates an analog carrier
signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier
signal to decode the transmitted information.
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer (in this context car makers such as Audi,
BMW, Renault, Volvo,…)
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card is the smart card used in mobile
terminals in GSM and UMTS networks.
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is a third generation mobile
cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard.
V2I, I2V Vehicle-to-infrastructure communications
V2V Vehicle-to-vehicle communications
WAVE Wireless access in vehicular environments
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WLAN Wireless local area network links two or more devices using some wireless
distribution method and usually providing a connection through an access
point to the wider Internet.
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Executive summary
IMobility Challenge is a 24 months project aimed at demonstrating, promoting and boosting the
deployment of ICT systems for efficient and sustainable mobility. One of the project’s goal is to
highlight both off the shelf products that just been launched in the market and emerging
technologies addressed by current research. Under the scope of the project, the ‘’Mapping of
products and services’’ study aims to bring consolidated information about the availability of
products and services based on Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems that exist in the market
and are offered by ITS stakeholders.
There were three methods used to investigate what kind of products and services exist in the domain
of Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems. The following methods were identified in the
document: a) Literature Study on Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems, b) Internet-based
research data collection and c) Internet-based survey. First, a literature study on existing reports by
standardisation bodies, deliverables and studies by EC research projects, reports and manifestos by
major ITS stakeholders and EC regulations was carried out.
Second, an Internet-based research data collection on the availability of products and services that
exist in the market was carried out. A collection and analysis of press releases from companies,
articles and market forecast reports were used to grasp the future market demand and supply of
connected car market services, as well as identifying the leading technologies and the specialist
companies.
Third, an online internet-based survey was sent to the following stakeholder groups: iMobility Forum,
ERTICO partners, 600 members of the i-Mobility Network, iMobility Challenge partners including
(CLEPA, ACEA), and EC project consortiums (MOBINET, Compass4D, eComove).
It can be concluded, taken out into account the results of the connected car market outlook and the
questionnaire analysis that the applications which are currently mapped are those related to eCall,
real-time and traffic information (infotainment and entertainment functions), navigations services
and the fuel efficient route choice (only for Electric vehicles). In addition, the forming of joint
ventures and strategic alliances could be seen as an important element in the connected car market.
There is a whole range of partnership structuring options that exist over the entire value creation
process for both suppliers and OEMs. Finally, with advent of the connected car concept and the
Cloud Computing, there is also a tendency for diversification and bundling of services or products
currently being offered by the companies which are driven away from the traditional types of
services, due to economies of scale.
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1. Introduction
IMobility Challenge is a 24 months project aimed at demonstrating, promoting and boosting the
deployment of ICT systems for efficient and sustainable mobility. The project highlights both off the
shelf products that just been launched in the market and emerging technologies addressed by
current research.
Under the scope of the project, this dedicated study aimed to bring consolidated information about
the availability of products and services based on Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems that
exist in the market and are offered by ITS stakeholders.
The aim is to deliver this study both as electronic and printed publications and make it available to
public at the iMobility Challenge demonstrations events. Also, the main findings will be summarised
and delivered to end-users through the iMobility Challenge awareness raising campaign,
dissemination materials and the iMobility Challenge awareness events for end users. In addition, this
report will be also targeted to ITS stakeholders wishing to be informed on the availability of products
and services based on Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems.
This report is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the report and provides with the
methodology used to consolidate and assess the availability of products and services on Co-operative
Intelligent Transport Systems.
Chapter 2 describes the literature Study on Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems. It will
commence from the various definitions of Co-operative ITS, the categories of applications existing,
the communication architecture, the functional architecture, the technologies enabling the
applications and finally the concept of the Connected car market. The collection of this information
was performed through existing reports by Standardisation bodies, deliverables and studies by EC
research projects, reports and manifestos by major ITS stakeholders and EC regulations.
Chapter 3 focuses on identifying through an Internet-based research data collection the availability
of products and services that exist in the connected car market. A collection and analysis of press
releases from companies, articles and market forecast reports were used to grasp the future market
demand and supply of connected car market services, as well as identifying the leading technologies
and the specialist companies. This chapter consists of providing the connected market outlook, key
players and strategic alliances in the connected car market.
Chapter 4 describes the results of the C-ITS online internet based survey sent to ITS stakeholders. The
chapter is providing information on the structure of the survey and its distribution and in the end
provides the results of the survey.
The final chapter provides the reader with discussions, conclusion and future recommendations.
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1.1 Method
Three methods were used to investigate what kind of products and services exist in the domain of
Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems:
a) Literature study on Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems
b) Internet-based research data collection
c) Internet-based survey.
First, a literature study on existing reports by standardisation bodies, deliverables and studies by EC
research projects, reports and manifestos by major ITS stakeholders and EC regulations. This method
wanted to capture all the literature on the topic of Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems.
Second, an Internet-based research data collection on the availability of products and services that
exist in the market was carried out. A collection and analysis of press releases from companies,
articles and market forecast reports were used to grasp the future market demand and supply of
connected car market services, as well as identifying the leading technologies and the specialist
companies.
Third, an online internet based survey (Annex I) was sent to the following stakeholder groups:
iMobility Forum, ERTICO partners, 600 members of the i-Mobility Network, iMobility Challenge
partners including (CLEPA, ACEA), and EC project consortiums (MOBINET, Compass4D, eCoMove).
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2. Literature study on Co-operative ITS
2.1 Introduction
This chapter will describe the literature Study on Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems. It will
commence from the various definitions of Co-operative ITS, the categories of applications existing,
the communication architecture, the functional architecture, the technologies enabling the
applications and finally the concept of the Connected car market. The collection of this information
was performed through existing reports by Standardisation bodies, deliverables and studies by EC
research projects, reports and manifestos by major ITS stakeholders and EC regulations.
2.2 Co-operative ITS definition
The European Commission Mandate M/453 (EC-M/453, 2010) has invited the European
Standardisation Organisations (ESOs) - CEN, CENELEC and ETSI – to prepare a coherent set of
standards, specifications and guidelines to support European Community wide implementation and
deployment of Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). In the Mandate M/453, the
following definition of Co-operative ITS systems is provided:
“Co-operative systems are ITS systems based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure
(V2I, I2V) and infrastructure-to-infrastructure (I2I) communications for the exchange of
information. Co-operative systems have the potential to further increase the benefits of ITS services
and applications.”
This general definition is accepted by CEN/ETSI.
For the standardisation activities under Mandate M/453, it is suggested to apply the following more
detailed definition of Co-operative ITS systems (ISO/TC204, 2012):
‘’Co-operative ITS is a subset of the overall ITS that - communicates and - shares information
between ITS stations to - give advice or - facilitate actions with the objective of improving - safety,
sustainability, efficiency and comfort beyond the scope of stand-alone systems.’’
2.3 Co-operative ITS applications
Co-operative ITS applications are generally spread in three categories (ETSI, 2010):
Road safety category comprises all applications that are designed to render road traffic safer.
Short range applications, such as emergency braking or lane departure notification,
which require short range time-critical communications for immediate actions from
the vehicles,
Longer-range applications, such as road hazard events (black ice, vehicle in the
wrong direction, road work), which require non-time-critical communications (short,
medium and long range).
Traffic efficiency category comprises all applications that are designed to improve road
traffic. These include road itinerary planning, green wave, road diversion, and require
constant exchange of information between vehicles, the roadside infrastructure and some
traffic information servers.
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Other application are not necessarily ITS-specific applications, but must be supported in
other to provide a better transportation experience to the road users. They thus include
comfort and infotainment applications. This category is also often referred to as value added
applications.
2.4 ITS architecture for Co-operative systems
Systems engineering (ISO/IEC, 2012) is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how
complex engineering projects should be designed and managed over the life cycle of the
project. Whenever complex integrated systems are being designed it is normal for one of the first
design products to be the system architecture. Thus an ITS architecture is a system architecture for
integrated Intelligent Transport System (ITS).
A system architecture or systems architecture (MIT, 2004), is the conceptual model that defines the
structure, behaviour, and more viewpoints of a system. An architecture description is a formal
description of a system, organised in a way that supports reasoning about the structural properties
of the system. It defines the system components or building blocks and provides a plan from which
products can be procured, and systems developed, that will work together to implement the overall
system. This may enable one to manage investment in a way that meets business needs.
The FRAME Architecture (FRAME, 2011) is used early (Figure 1) in the lifecycle both to capture the
Stakeholder Aspirations (sometimes called User Requirements for what the ITS implementation
should provide), and then to produce the System Architecture that satisfies them, usually called the
ITS Architecture. The ITS Architecture is used to produce detailed system specifications that can be
included in Calls for Tender for the design and development of part, or all, of the ITS that will satisfy
part, or all, of the Stakeholder Aspirations (Figure 2). Thus the ITS Architecture provides a conceptual,
or high-level view of the ITS implementation and thus is often referred to as a "high-level"
architecture.
Figure 1: V-model system lifecycle (FRAME, 2011)
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Figure 2: The FRAME methodology (FRAME, 2011)
The FRAME Architecture contents are divided into two parts: User Needs and the Functional
Viewpoint. In simple terms the User Needs describe what ITS can provide and the Functional
Viewpoint shows how it can be done.
Figure 3: Co-operative ITS functional areas (FRAME, 2011)
E-FRAME project has extended the FRAME Architecture to include the functionality that will be
needed for the implementation of Co-operative systems. The definition of this functionality has been
based initially on the combined requirements produced by the three Co-operative System Integrated
Projects, COOPERS, CVIS and SAFESPOT and the work of other project such as COMeSafety and PRE-
DRIVE C2X.
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2.5 Co-operative ITS communication architecture
In an effort towards harmonisation, the European ITS community (EC’s funding programs FP6 and
FP7, the Car-to-Car Communication Consortium) and international standardisation bodies (ISO TC204
WG16 and ETSI TC ITS) have invested significant effort into the specification of a communication
architecture suitable for a variety of C-ITS needs. This harmonisation effort, initially conducted by
COMeSafety in 2010 (European FP6 Specific Support Action), considered early work performed by
ISO TC204 WG16 and other stakeholders from various FP6 and FP7 European Projects (CVIS,
SafeSpot, Coopers, GeoNet, SeVeCom). This has led to the definition of the ITS station reference
architecture illustrated in Figure 4 (ETSI, 2010).
The design principle of this communication architecture is to support simultaneously a diversity of
applications of all types (road safety, traffic efficiency and comfort / infotainment) and to offer them
a diversity of access technologies including cellular (2G, 3G), microwave (5 GHz IEEE 802.11p
vehicular WiFi, 2.5 GHz IEEE 802.11n urban WiFi), satellite, infrared, 60 GHz millimeter-wave and
possibly others, for a variety of communication scenarios (vehicle-based, roadside-based and
Internet-based). These access technologies provide wired and wireless broadcast, unicast and
multicast communications between mobile stations, between mobile and fixed stations and between
fixed stations.
Figure 4 : ITS Communication architecture (ETSI, 2010)
The main difference between Co-operative ITS applications and conventional ITS applications is that
Co-operative ITS applications rely on a common communication architecture between all connected
entities allowing them to exchange all types of information. Such communication peers the following
ITS sub-systems (Figure 5):
• Personal ITS sub-system; in hand-held devices,
• Central ITS sub-system; part of an ITS central system,
• Vehicle ITS sub-system; in cars, trucks, etc., in motion or parked,
• Roadside ITS sub-system; on gantries, poles, etc.
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Figure 5: ITS station (ETSI, 2010)
An ITS Station is the core building block for the new Co-operative Systems. The idea is that any
vehicle or roadside system will contain certain functions such as processing, communication, storage
interfaces to sensors and actuators, and not the least: security to protect the ITS-S. The operation
and integrity of the ITS Station is controlled via a management entity. When several such ITS Stations
are connected together, they form an ITS System and belong to an ITS network. This is well described
in by ETSI (2010). An ITS Station may be implemented as one box. In fact, the smallest ITS Station
may be a software module inside a smart phone or other handheld device. In larger installations,
such as in a vehicle, the ITS-S will often consist of a communications device (Mobile Router) and one
or more computers. For a roadside installation (Roadside ITS Station), there may be several
communication devices in an internal network (Access Routers), and several computers running the
actual services.
2.6 Access technologies
In the field of Co-operative ITS, a large variety of applications are discussed for future
implementation. Depending on e.g. their transmission range and achievable data rates, different
wireless access technologies suit certain application areas particularly well. These technologies can
roughly be divided into the following three groups (ComeSafety, 2009).
Long range: The cellular network (GSM, UMTS) enables communication over long distances involving
base stations. Data rates are relatively low (maximum of 384 kbps for UMTS) and latencies of 200-
300 ms are too high for use in most safety applications. Suitable application areas lie in the field of
efficiency and comfort. WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) is another long-range technology suitable to provide
vehicles with access to the Internet through WiMAX access points. These access points cover areas
with a radius of 50 km and provide data rates of up to 70 Mbps close to the access point and at low
vehicle speeds. With increasing distance to the access point and vehicle speed, this value decreases
considerably.
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In addition, there are three ways for enabling cellular connectivity within the car, which vary based
on whether the SIM, communication module and intelligence platform are built-in or brought-in:
Embedded: Both the connectivity (modem and UICC) and intelligence is built directly into the
vehicle embedded solutions focus on vehicle centric, high-reliability and high availability apps
(such as eCall and breakdown call, or bCall, services). Embedded solutions covering a broad
range of services have generally been limited to premium vehicles, with some notable
exceptions: Volume brand manufacturers, such as BMW, General Motors, Peugeot, Renault,
and Roewe, offer services based on embedded solutions in entry models and up. Where
region-specific regulations exist for embedded solutions (such as eCall in Europe).
Tethered: Connectivity is provided through external modems (via wired, Bluetooth or WiFi
connections and/or UICCs), while the intelligence remains embedded in the vehicle. Tethered
solutions typically focus on connected navigation and internet-based infotainment features.
Integrated: Connectivity is based upon integration between the vehicle and the owner’s
handset, in which all communication modules, UICC, and intelligence remains strictly on the
phone. The human machine interface (HMI) generally remains in the vehicle (but not always).
Integrated solutions tend to be used for higher bandwidth and personalised apps (such as
on-demand music and social networking)
Medium range: With a medium range, WLAN-based technologies are well suited to provide vehicles
at low speed with access to the Internet through wireless hot spots (IEEE 802.11b/g at 2.4 GHz). A
particular WLAN standard for ITS applications with support for active safety applications through fast
inter-vehicle communication (IEEE 802.11p at 5.9 GHz) is currently under development. IEEE 802.11p
offers data rates up to 27 Mbps (although a bit rate of 6 Mbps is recommended to maintain sufficient
reliability of the data transfer) and the communication range is about 300-500 meters. The proposed
standard offers ad-hoc communication between vehicles and between vehicles and RSUs.
Short range: Short communication ranges of about less than 50 m are covered by e.g. infrared or
RFID-based technologies, mostly used for road tolling or road access control and other types of
directed communications. For Co-operative safety applications with timing requirements in the
second to millisecond range and coverage of several hundred meters, 802.11p offers most.
2.7 Future Internet and the Connected Car
The Future Internet can be seen as the Internet of People, Internet of Content, Internet of Services,
Internet of Things and even an Internet of Living Things. Research areas around end user and socio-
economic aspects include the need for appropriate incentives, viable business models, legal and
regulative issues, and the need for security and privacy. These aspects are influenced by societal,
economic, environmental and cultural trends, like identified by ICT Advisory Group (ISTAG) (2009).
Current “autonomous” Internet developments create serious opportunities for many sectors;
however, parallel designs exist, including smart transport. New developments in technology, and
especially in ICT, have a key role in meeting the European transport objectives.
The “Connected Car” (TNO, 2010) combined with the opportunities created by Future Internet
developments can play a pivotal role in successfully reaching EU policy objectives to address the
emerging challenges in the transport sector. Future Internet technologies and services will enable
better use of infrastructure and vehicles to be made, increasing safety and security, enhancing
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reliability of transport, increasing fuel saving, improving logistics, supporting multi-modal travel and
reducing the environmental impacts, thus supporting public, private and industry needs.
Advances in communication networks will enhance the support for connectivity in the future
internet. The future internet will be mobile on a large scale: mobile devices, mobile apps, application
stores, smart phones and smart devices. The convergence between wired and mobile networks and
the convergence between media and communication are important for the development of future
mobile internet services.
The infrastructure will consist of a network of networks. Developments in high-capacity fixed
networks will support the increasing bandwidth demands. Developments in mobile and wireless
communication networks will further improve mobile connectivity in the future internet, e.g.
enabling new services supported by the connected car. In addition, the future internet vision is that
things, devices and systems will be increasingly interconnected, thus becoming smart and by so
creating ambient intelligence. Sensors, actuators and processors will be embedded in products and
things. On the other hand objects themselves can play a role as sensor, e.g. ‘the car as a sensor’ (or
as a mobile communication platform with sensors).
According to the report from TNO (2010), a future Internet development is the move from dedicated
computing facilities and resources to Computing as a Service using a ‘cloud’ of computing facilities
and resources. ‘Cloud Computing’ enables scalability, reliability and adaptability in the future
internet. Cloud Computing is not a specific technology, but is rather a concept that can be realised by
employing different types of technologies and concepts like a service oriented architecture and open
service platforms. An existing trend that is expected to be developed further towards the Future
Internet is the move from centralised and hierarchical systems to distributed autonomous systems.
Distributed, autonomous and self-organising systems exhibit promising features and capabilities such
as modularity and scalability, low cost, robustness and adaptability. Applications will move from
stand-alone to end-to-end. Services will build upon these data resulting in web megaservices or mash
ups. A related development is that of open (linked) data. Governments and business will provide
open data, e.g. road traffic information or public transport schedules and real-time information, to
third parties to create novel services, in turn creating wealth and improving the quality of life.
Future mobility services for the connected car are strongly related to Intelligent Transport Systems
and, more specifically, Co-operative Systems. Overviews of current services and developments have
been made in several projects (COMeSafety, Safespot, CVIS, SPITS) and a standardised list of services
has been defined by ETSI. For the connected car (TNO, 2010) a mix of general standards and ITS
specific standards are in use or in development. The generic standards include IP communication,
with a strong focus on IPv6 in various research projects. On the access layer, general cellular
networks are in use, evolving with the developments in cellular networks. These migrate from GPRS,
to UMTS, to LTE standards, increasing bandwidth and reducing delay times. Dedicated
communication standards are in development for Co-operative systems. At the access layer, a
convergence towards the IEEE 802.11p standard can be observed. Several (prototype)
implementations exist and are used in demonstrations and pilots.
Current deployments of traffic management services are not based on the connected car. Services
(Table 1) (like dynamic lane management, variable speed control, ramp metering, hard shoulder
running, heavy goods vehicle overtaking ban and incident warning are implemented based on road
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side sensors (loop detectors, camera’s, etc.) and actuators, e.g. traffic lights, variable message signs,
LED road markers, etc. Systems are mainly autonomous, but supervised by a Traffic Control and
Management Centre. Several concepts for connected car based traffic management have been
developed. Connected cars can be used as an information source on which traffic management can
be based. Car as a sensor concepts are already in use in travel information and navigation services,
but are not yet used as a basis for traffic management services. It is also possible to provide the
traffic management and control information in car. Several pilots with in car traffic management
information have been conducted, or are currently under way, e.g. Dynamax in Car, Green wave
speed advice (FREILOT project).
Table 1: Overview of service categories used to describe the future mobility developments (TNO, 2010)
Service category Category Description
Safety Services focussing on improving road safety
Traffic Management Services focussing on managing and controlling the traffic flow on the road infrastructure
Eco services Services focussing on reducing the impact of (road) mobility on the environment
Pricing Services Focussing on payments related to when, how, and where you drive. This includes both road pricing and commercial pricing services
Transport and logistics Services specifically targeting the transport and logistics sectors
Traffic information and navigation
Services providing traffic and travel information to road users
Other information Services providing other information to road users
Entertainment Entertainment services for road users
2.8 European projects on Co-operative ITS
Two pan-European Field Operational Tests (FOTs) are working on Co-operative systems i.e. FOTsis
and DRIVE C2X (Konstantinopoulou, 2010). FOTsis (European Field Operational Test on Safe,
Intelligent and Sustainable Road Operation) is a large scale field testing of the road infrastructure
management systems needed for the operation of seven close-to-market Co-operative I2V, V2I & I2I
technologies (the FOTsis Services), in order to assess in detail both 1) their effectiveness and 2) their
potential for a full-scale deployment in European roads (FOTSIS, 2013). Specifically, FOtsis will test
the road infrastructure’s capability to incorporate the latest Co-operative systems technology at nine
test sites in four European test-communities (Spain, Portugal, Germany and Greece).
The objective of the DRIVE C2X Integrated Project is to carry out comprehensive assessment of Co-
operative systems through extensive European field operational tests. This general objective is split
into four major technical objectives: (i) Create and harmonise a European wide testing environment
for Co-operative systems (ii) Coordinate the tests carried out on parallel throughout the DRIVE C2X
community (iii) Evaluate Co-operative systems (iv) Promote Co-operative driving. The purpose of this
project is to bind together and harmonise existing European test sites for common testing and
coordinate this testing according to mutually agreed methodology and operation procedures.
(DRIVEC2X, 2013)
During the later years, when the environment has become more and more important and CO2
emissions from traffic sources have been increasing (EEA, 2012), more consideration has been taken
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to the reduction of environmental impacts. It is believed that Co-operative systems can be used in
order to reduce environmental impacts as well. Europe, as well as the U.S., has started projects with
the main purpose to develop applications that contribute to reduction of pollution. In Europe the
projects eCoMove and COSMO, part of the Seventh Framework Programme, focus on this.
The eCoMove project creates an integrated solution for road transport energy efficiency by
developing systems and tools to help drivers sustainably eliminate unnecessary fuel consumption
(and thus CO2 emissions), and help road operators manage traffic in the most energy-efficient way.
By applying this combination of Co-operative systems using vehicle-infrastructure communication,
the project aims to reduce fuel consumption by 20% overall. (EcoMove, 2013)
The FREILOT (FREILOT, 2012) service aims to increase energy efficiency drastically in road goods
transport in urban areas through a holistic treatment of traffic management, fleet management, the
delivery vehicle and the driver, and demonstrate in four linked pilot projects that up to 25%
reduction of fuel consumption in urban areas are feasible. Of importance to this section are the final
results of FREILOT. The city of Helmond, the Netherlands, has decided to continue the Co-operative
mobility services piloted in FREILOT. Based on the positive results of the pilot, the partners involved
(the Helmond Fire Brigade, the Municipality, Van den Broek Logistics and Imtech/Peek) are in talks to
work out the details of a commercial agreement. These talks mark the end phase of FREILOT, and a
beginning for the commercial operation of Co-operative mobility services in Europe, where Co-
operative services are used in daily life by key stakeholders, such as city authorities, the fire brigade
and fleet operators.
Moreover, Amersfoort - Peek, Imtech’s provider of intelligent mobility solutions, has launched the
first commercially available Co-operative ITS platform – a platform for Co-operative intelligent
transport systems. Its application will not only considerably increase road safety and reduce CO2
emissions but will also cut fuel consumption by 20% and enable highly reliable travel times in urban
areas. The product platform offers road administrators, emergency services and logistics businesses
an opportunity to increase safety, reduce emissions (including CO2), cut fuel consumption by up to
20%, and enable reliable travel times in urban areas. This can be accomplished by organising right-of-
way at intersections and by providing drivers with advice about approaching and crossing
intersections. The platform will thus actively encourage proper driving behaviour and reduce
detrimental driving patterns.
COSMO (COSMO, 2013) plans to use a similar approach to FREILOT in relation to “green driving” and
the dynamic routing of traffic in order to reduce environmental impacts. This approach is applied to
private vehicles rather than goods transportation. COSMO Pilot project implements and assesses the
impact of prototypes developed in the recent integrated projects which focused on developing Co-
operative systems for enhancing safety (SAFESPOT) and traffic efficiency (CVIS and COOPERS). The
services include: eco-traffic management with luminous path, eco-driving (private cars), eco-
navigation and dynamic access management and eco-driving with enhanced bus priority. The aim of
COSMO pilot is to install a range of these new services in realistic conditions, provide demonstrations
of their functionalities and undertake a programme of rigorous tests and measurements in order to
be able to produce a comprehensive set of specifications. Field trials are performed on pilot sites
which include public roads and typical driving environments: a highway (Austrian pilot site), an urban
road network (Swedish pilot site) and a specific geographic area, i.e. the campus of a university
(Italian pilot site). The activities carried out in the field trial are observation (how the systems and/or
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drivers react), interviews (does the system work sufficiently well in the real driving context),
measurements (is the signal strength sufficient to broadcast the messages), test drives (good
reception of message in moving vehicles) etc.
MOBiNET (ERTICO, 2013) project, kicked off in January 2013, will develop, deploy and operate the
technical and organisational foundations of an open, multi-vendor platform for Europe-wide mobility
services. Key MOBiNET innovations address the barriers to Co-operative system-enabled service
deployment, including the lack of harmonised services; availability of communication means;
inaccessibility and incompatibility of transport-related data; fragmentation of end-user subscription
and payment services; proprietary technologies in user devices, etc.
Despite the support of the EC and the involvement of important stakeholders, this approach has not
yet led to large-scale service deployment. To prove effectiveness, justify investments for large-scale
deployment and grow from technological development into a deployment-oriented innovation, more
proof on system or societal level is needed. Besides technological aspects, successful innovation also
includes solutions for moving the barriers related to organisational and institutional issues, markets
and business models, finance and funding, legal, political and/or strategic, decision making and/or
coordination aspects. Finally, industry readiness to produce and user acceptance to consume should
not be overlooked as important goals.
To speed up the deployment of ICT for transport, it is crucial to create demand and raise consumer
awareness. This requires a joint effort by the industry and the wider innovation community, including
public and research communities. The pan-European dimension of the objectives pursued requires
raising consumer awareness in a concerted way through cooperation at European level.
The COMeSafety2 project (Comesafety, 2013) aims at the coordination of the activities towards the
realisation of Co-operative systems on European roads. The project supports and coordinates the
development of the necessary standards under the ITS standardisation mandate at ETSI and CEN. It
supports the mutual validation and exploitation of programme results under the EU-US cooperation
agreement by active participation in task forces and organisation of workshops. The project pushes
the finalisation and implementation of the European ITS Communications Architecture, taking up
from the COMeSafety Support Action in FP6. The project targets international and especially
intercontinental synergies of FOTs. It supports the creation of the corresponding research agendas to
address open technical issues, explore new fields and develop further innovations. It promotes
technical advances, standards and agreements on Co-operative systems to the stakeholders and a
wider professional public, supporting the Intelligent Car Initiative and the iMobility Forum.
2.9 Co-operative ITS standardisation
Standardisation (Evensen, K. and Csepinszky, A, 2011) is still at the forefront of discussions, a priority
area for the European Commission in the ITS Action Plan in order to achieve European and global ITS
co-operation and coordination. Standardisation work in accordance with the response to Mandate
M/453 has been initiated and cooperation between the relevant standards organisations (Figure 6)
has been established. The European standardisation organisations have a strong focus on the
minimum set of standards required for interoperability in the Mandate M/453. There is, however,
also a general requirement for global harmonisation of existing and future standards for Co-
operative ITS which is related to the on-going cooperation with other standards organisation. As an
answer to this standardisation mandate, the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN)
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Technical Committee 278 (CEN TC 278) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) Technical Committee ITS (ETSI TC ITS) have listed more than 60 standards to be developed or
already under development and necessary for the deployment of Co-operative ITS. CEN and ETSI
divided the work between the two institutions; CEN work is actually performed jointly with
International Organization for Standardisation (ISO) Technical Committee 204 (ISO TC204).
Figure 6: Structure of European standardisation organisations on various levels (Evensen, K. and Csepinszky, A, 2011)
2.10 Co-operative ITS Interoperability
2.10.1 General
The main aim of standardisation is to enable interoperability in a multi-vendor, multi-network, multi-
service environment. The absence of interoperability must not be the reason why final services, for
which there is great demand, do not come into being. Incomplete, unclear standards with poorly
specified options can contribute to the biggest single cause of non-interoperability, namely that the
unfortunate implementer is forced to make potentially non-interoperable design decisions on critical
parts of the system based on a lack of information. Standards need to be designed for
interoperability from the very beginning. Interoperability is not something that will somehow get
fixed at the end of the process. Many standards are complex documents and, even with the use of
specification languages, ambiguities and errors may occur. The development of standardised test
specifications is an integral part of the ETSI strategy for ensuring interoperability.
ETSI (2008) has also published recently a document, the Framework for conformance and
interoperability testing, to support ITS projects on the development of test specifications for ITS base
standards from ETSI, ISO, CEN and other "Standard Developing Organisations" (SDOs) by providing:
• An ITS testing framework for conformance testing.
• An ITS testing framework for interoperability testing.
The testing framework proposed in that document provides guidance for development of
conformance and interoperability test strategies, test systems and the resulting test specifications for
ITS.
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2.10.2 Conformance testing
Conformance testing concentrates on specific components in a system, often related to a single
standard (or set of related standards). It is unit testing rather than system testing. Conformance
testing is applied over open interfaces and checks for conformance to the requirements in a base
specification or profile (standard). Conformance tests are executed under controlled conditions
using a dedicated test system.
2.10.3 Interoperability testing
Interoperability testing (IOT) concentrates on a complete device or a collection of devices. It is
system testing rather than unit testing. It is most commonly applied to end-to-end testing over
networks. It shows, from the user's viewpoint, that functionality is accomplished (but not how).
Conformance testing and interoperability testing are complementary techniques. Many certification
schemes require, for example, conformance testing as a prerequisite to interoperability testing (e .g.
the Open Mobile Alliance or the WiMax Forum).
ETSI does not perform certification. However, many of its test specifications are used in external
certification schemes such as GCF, the DECT Forum and the WiMax Forum.
ETSI has a number of initiatives and support entities to enable the production of interoperable
standards. These include:
the appointment by the ETSI Board of a Champion for Interoperability
series of interoperability workshops
the well-established Technical Committee MTS
Testing services provide by our Centre for Testing and Interoperability
ETSI PlugtestsTM.
ETSI Plugtests events cover a wide range of converging standards for telecommunications, Internet,
broadcasting and multimedia. Plugtests events are open to all types of companies, large or small, be
they operators, vendors, designers, manufacturers, content providers or application providers. They
do not have to be ETSI members. Standardisation bodies, fora and interest groups may also attend.
Over the past few years, interoperability events have become a well-known practice within several
high-tech sectors, such as telecommunication, as they provide an exceptional opportunity to test a
product and pledge its interoperability before placing it on the market. Even if interoperability events
do not certify products and services, they allow engineers to spot problems in the product
development process early enough to limit financial consequences. Such events ideally take place
early on in the progress of the implementation of a standard, and have proven to create great
excitement among participant operators, equipment manufacturers, standardisation bodies and
interest groups. Indeed, interoperability events have a great deal of benefits for companies and
standardisation organisations; they offer instant feedback on possible errors in a product and on
ambiguity of a standard (often due to different interpretations of the same standard) allowing early
corrections which, if implemented without testing, would cost extra time and money. The
advantages of ensuring interoperability are undeniable and therefore the collaboration between
participants prevails over the risk of sharing products and services among competing companies.
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The added value of the approach is demonstrated in the increasing numbers of participants at these
events; each participant company can test its own product and technology against competitors and
find errors that would have been impossible to find otherwise.
Currently there are very few organisations who have invested in organising interoperability events
for C-ITS, for the ITS industry. Some successful partnerships can be identified during the period 2011-
2012. For example, ERTICO - ITS Europe and ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
joined forces to start a series of interoperability events (ERTICO, 2012). The first ITS event on Co-
operative mobility services took place in November 2011. This first 5-day interoperability event
focused on Co-operative mobility services and gathered over 50 people from 14 organisations
(technology providers, research institutes, car manufacturers and international organisations) who
brought their ITS units and tested their interoperability. The early results of the event were shared
and discussed at a workshop in Helmond (the Netherlands) and supported by the European projects
DRIVE C2X and eCoMove whose implementations were tested and successfully proved to be
interoperable. A second interoperability testing event in Co-operative mobility services was
organised in June 2012 in Versailles (FR). This event allowed vendors to assure the interoperability of
their products. Another TPEG Testfest, which was also jointly organised by ERTICO and by TISA in
September 2012, followed a series of interoperability test events already organised by ERTICO in the
scope of various ITS services (Co-operative mobility, eCall) (TISA, 2013). The event aimed at providing
the framework for one-to-one testing and lives debugging with clearly defined use-cases and a
systematic record of the learning points. The test cases focused mainly on the implementation of
TPEG Applications currently defined in TISA Specifications which are soon to become worldwide
standards.
2.11 Certification
2.11.1 General
The provision by an independent body of written assurance (a certificate) that the product, service or
system in question meets specific requirements (ISO, 2013). The certification may be
voluntary or compulsory
third-party or self-certification
European or national
on its scope and recognition.
There is no specific organisation dealing with certifying Co-operative ITS systems but a number of
organisations (ITU, 2013) provide voluntary certification schemes for specific areas of technology.
Some parts of the C-ITS within the future certification framework would have to be linked to the
European Commission type approval regulation as well.
2.11.2 EC type Approval
Many industrial sectors are subject to some form of approval or certification system but road
vehicles are a special case, because of their importance to and impact upon society, and have been
subject to specific technical standards almost from their first invention. Within Europe, two systems
of type approval have been in existence for over 20 years. One is based around EC directives and
regulations, and provides for the approval of whole vehicles, vehicle systems, and separate
components. The other is based around UN regulations and provides for approval of vehicle systems
and separate components, but not whole vehicles. Automotive EC directives and UN regulations
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require third party approval testing, certification and production conformity assessment by an
independent body. Each member state is required to appoint an approval authority to issue the
approvals and a technical service to carry out the testing to the EC directives and regulations. An
approval issued by one authority will be accepted in all the member states.
The EC type-approval system (EC, 2009) is the only system in place for ensuring permanent
monitoring of the conformity of output. Type-approval is based on the principle that manufacturers
must issue a certificate of conformity for each vehicle manufactured, attesting that it conforms to
the approved type. The manufacturer can opt for one of the following procedures: step-by-step type
approval single-step type-approval or mixed type-approval.
The directive introduces a new EC type-approval method known as "multi-stage type-approval". Each
manufacturer involved in manufacturing a vehicle will fill in the part of the certificate relating to its
own stage. The aim of this is to adapt the process to the specific nature of commercial vehicle
manufacturing. The multi-stage procedure will generally involve two steps:
Firstly, the initial manufacturer will obtain type-approval for a chassis (including the engine,
wheels, shock absorbers, brakes, etc.) and the first EC type-approval certificate will be
issued;
Subsequently, the second manufacturer will assemble the bodywork and present the finished
vehicle for type-approval. If the same manufacturer is responsible for both chassis and
bodywork, the vehicle may be type-approved using the time-honoured procedure for
passenger cars.
The Directive aims to improve road safety by making a number of devices compulsory. These include
ABS (anti-lock braking system), new and more effective rear-view mirrors (including the new front
rear-view mirror), improved lights, side protection to prevent cyclists or pedestrians from being
dragged under vehicles and anti-spray devices. This will include also the eCall type approval in the
near future.
2.11.3 Certification organisations
There is no specific organisation dealing with certifying Co-operative ITS systems but a number of
organisations (ITU, 2013) provide voluntary certification schemes for specific areas of technology.
Global Certification Forum (GCF) operates a certification scheme for mobile phones and wireless
devices that are based on 3GPP standards. A database of certified equipment is available.
CTIA – The Wireless Association administers the following certification schemes:
PTCRB (originally the PCS Type Certification Review Board) certification scheme for GSM and
UMTS devices in the USA – a database of certified products is available
CDMA Certification Forum program for CDMA2000 devices for the global market – database
of certified CDMA devices
CTIA Battery Certification Program for IEEE 1725 – 2006 and IEEE 1625 – 2008 rechargeable
batteries
Bluetooth Compatibility Certification Program.
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WiFi Alliance operates certification programs for products based on IEEE 802.11 standards. Lists of
WiFi Certified products are available.
WiMAX Forum Certification Program certifies interoperability of IEEE 802.16e products. Lists of
WiMAX Forum certified products are provided.
Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) manages certification programs for Carrier Ethernet equipment,
services and professional staff.
Broadband Forum (BBF) has produced test specifications services accredits independent DSL testing
laboratories and administers an MPLS certification program. HomeGrid Forum is developing a G.hn
compliance and interoperability programme.
IEEE Conformity Assessment Programme (ICAP) offers a Product Conformance Registry for
manufacturers to register products that conform to IEEE specifications and a Test Lab Registry for
testing laboratories to register their services.
IEEE 1588 Conformity Alliance is a programme to ensure conformance to the IEEE 1588 "Standard
for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems". A
certification test suite is being developed derived from IEEE 1588 and ITU-T Recommendations
G.8265, G.8260 and G.8261.
CableLabs produce specifications with the aim of developing interoperable cable devices such as
cable modems, set-top boxes, digital TVs and telephony devices. They operate schemes for
“certification” of customer premises equipment, “qualification” of non-CPE devices and network
elements and “verification” of Plug & Play devices (Unidirectional Digital Cable Products – UDCPs).
Lists of Certified/Qualified products are available.
The SIP Forum has established a programme for supplier declaration of compliance with the SIP
connects technical specification.
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3. Connected Car market
3.1 Introduction
This chapter focuses on identifying through an Internet-based research data collection the availability
of products and services that exist in the connected car market. A collection and analysis of press
releases from companies, articles and market forecast reports were used to grasp the future market
demand and supply of connected car market services, as well as identifying the leading technologies
and the specialist companies. This chapter consists of providing the connected market outlook, key
players and strategic alliances in the connected car market.
3.2 Connected market outlook
Until recently, the connected car existed only at a conceptual level, or it was enabled through feature
pilot implementations. Today, however, key trends and growth enablers (Cognizant, 2012) (depicted
in Figure 7) are pushing industry players to define roadmaps for implementing the connected car.
The connectivity era has emerged with the proliferation of smart phones and connected devices. In
October 2011 the GSM Association in conjunction with Machina Research announced the first results
of a study to size the potential of the Connected Life for the mobile industry (GSMA, 2012). Over the
next ten years the number of connected devices will almost triple from nine billion in 2011 to 24
billion in 2020, according to Machina Research (2013). Machina Research forecasts that global
machine-to- machine connections will rise from two billion at the end of 2011 to 12 billion at the end
of 2020.
Moreover, new applications for smart phones are emerging every day and consumers want to access
many of these while they are driving. Examples are cloud based navigation, internet radio and social
network. So, infotainment systems have expanded strongly in the last decade as more solutions and
features have been added, ranging from navigation and telematics systems to mobile music and
other mobile devices that interface to an infotainment system. Security issues and HMI and driver
distraction have also emerged as important factors for OEMs.
Figure 7: Growth enablers for connected car (GSMA, 2012)
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The amount of use cases within the connected vehicle environment is manifold – ranging from
services for the private and business car owners to fleet managers, insurance companies and the
OEM’s after service. Therefore, it is essential to develop an adequate portfolio of services that build
on a common infrastructure and can be seamlessly integrated into the according ecosystem
requirements. As an example, multi-modal mobility and integrated transportation concepts are
currently spreading with the development of smart cities.
Arthur D. Little consultants (Little, Arthur D., 2012) supported the automotive point of view providing
the option matrix portfolio of services (Figure 8) by OEMs in the connected car world.
Figure 8: option matrix portfolio of services offered by OEMs (Arthur D. Little consultants, 2012)
An alternative view was provided by SBD (GSMA, 2012) provided the telecom point of view and
categorised the use cases for in-car connectivity into the ten different groups outlined in Figure 9,
each of which are experiencing growth due to demand from consumers, vehicle manufacturers, 3rd
parties and/or governments.
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Figure 9: Use Cases and Key Drivers of the Connected Car Ecosystem, (GSMA 2012)
Many of the applications shown are targeted towards segments such as electric vehicles or
commercial fleets that will remain relatively niche over the next decade in comparison to the entire
passenger car market. Conversely, other applications, such as eCall in Europe, are likely to experience
much faster growth across all segments due to external factors such as government legislation.
Figure 10 summarises the expected speed of growth for each of the connected car services, along
with the key stakeholders that are promoting future growth.
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Figure 10: Connected car services and market trend (GSMA, 2012)
Safety and security
According to ABI (2013), traditional safety and security telematics is expected to make a comeback in
2013 due to growing awareness about its importance from consumers and governments alike.
Penetration of factory-installed safety and security telematics shipping globally in new cars will reach
15.7% in 2013. Increasingly, however, the telematics industry is shifting from reactive solutions, to
systems that can help avoid and prevent safety and security hazards:
Driver behaviour monitoring improving driving skills, reducing the risk of accidents
Insurance telematics/Usage-Based Insurance (UBI) as an incentive for safer driving, and
Preventive maintenance and prognostics avoiding break downs and reducing repair costs.
In addition, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and dealerships are increasingly looking at
telematics as a customer relationship management tool to enhance the car experience, piece of mind
of car ownership, and ultimately build a more loyal customer base (ABI, 2013). In this respect,
remote diagnostics and – in the future – remote updates are the core features around which the
automotive industry is going to transform into a service industry.
Safety is seen as a significant market driver with V2X connectivity and autonomous driver-assist
systems being high on the list of technologies contributing to the expected growth. In addition to the
above safety services, eCall (Parliament, 2012) always rank relatively high for many consumers as it
taps into their basic concerns about crashing in an isolated location. The EU has already announced
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plans for a mandate from 2015 on all new type-approved models, and Russia is expected to adopt a
similar approach in order to improve safety and promote its GLONASS service.
In terms of security, the market demand for security-based telematics services such as Stolen Vehicle
Tracking is heavily influenced by the insurance industry and any requirements or incentives they
introduce for drivers of high-end cars.
PAYD Insurance
This is especially true for Telematics-supported UBI programs which are upending the traditional
auto insurance business model. These programs benefit both insurers and consumers by providing
data for better risk assessment, as well as incentive-based, “pay-as you- drive” (PAYD) programs. This
translates into more accurately priced insurance premiums and discounts for good driving behaviour.
The idea has been built upon (PTOLEMUS, 2012) where they have highlighted some of the economic
benefits that insurance telematics (Figure 11) will bring to the industry.
Figure 11: Insurance telematics (Ptolemus, 2012)
Navigation
Navigation services, and in particular traffic information in particular, is increasingly viewed as a
must-have service. GPS enable motorists to find their way more easily and thus spend less time on
the road as they search for their route. ITS adds a real-time interaction with the motorist’s
environment to GPS. The connected vehicle will be informed about road congestion in real time and
can thus choose another itinerary.
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Infotainment
The challenge to the auto industry is how to keep drivers connected without creating too many
distractions. Therefore, Human-machine interaction (HMI) is becoming more and more important to
OEMs. Infotainment systems have expanded strongly in the last decade as more solutions and
features have been added, ranging from navigation and telematics systems to mobile music and
other mobile devices that interface to an infotainment system. These infotainment feature and
capability expansions are also adding to the HMI in terms of complexity and more items to manage
and control.
Convenience
Focused on building a closer relationship between the customer and their car even when they are
not driving, enabling convenience services is also important (e.g. remote vehicle monitoring). Vehicle
network monitoring can feed critical information directly to the dealer, or other vehicle repair
provider, an early diagnosis of the vehicle’s status, enabling the proper schedule, likely repair, and
ensure the provider has the necessary parts to support the customer on the first visit. Additionally,
the monitoring of vehicle status enables the OEM to collect relevant vehicle data much earlier in the
warranty analytics process, empowering their engineering and manufacturing organisations to
respond quickly to field issues and significantly reduce warranty cost. Connecting the vehicle network
also empowers drivers to address simple vehicle issues from their head unit, drives effective and
efficient service business to dealer or repair shops, and increases dealer or other repair shop’s ‘fix it
right the first time’ scores.
Vehicle Relationship Management
Vehicle Relationship management (VRM) (WIRED, 2013) is a means to use data generated from
embedded in-vehicle telematics systems to re-define the customer relationship between a vehicle
owner and the owner's carmaker and dealer. This ability to tap the vehicle for real-time data offers
potential to provide both OEM and dealership with enhanced customer retention and brand loyalty,
increased revenue, greater lifetime value of customers, and cost reduction. VRM also involves the
return on OEM investment in telematics hardware than currently provided through telematics
business models based solely on the sale of annual subscriptions for location-based services.
The same rationale holds valid for services offered by other providers such as automobile clubs.
Roadside breakdown assistance in particular stands much to gain from the availability of embedded
in-vehicle telematics systems.
Fleet management
The commercial fleet management (both for light commercial & heavy commercial vehicles) is as of
today already the largest segment within the “Internet of Things” – however, it is expected that the
service portfolio will increase significantly, bringing together the “fleet” and the “freight”
management and therefore enable end-to-end logistics & environmental tracking & supply chain
planning, which is required to successfully compete in a low margin business such as transportation.
Electronic Toll Collection
Currently, most electronic toll collection (ETC) systems around the world are implemented by DSRC
(dedicated short range communication) technology. However global positioning system technique is
applied to ETC in recent years. Proponents of GPS/GSM based electronic toll collection believe that
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this technology will allow governments a greater ability to levy charges for road usage, in addition to
providing a platform for additional services. The first of these GPS-based ETC services was launched
(with a lot of difficulty) in Germany for HGVs travelling across the country. More recently, Singapore
has started working with 4 different consortiums to test a hybrid GPS/DSRC ETC service for all
vehicles that is expected to be launched.
Electric and Hybrid vehicles
There is a general acceptance within the automotive industry that the launch of Electric Vehicles
(EVs) will need to be accompanied by the deployment of connectivity infrastructure to enable
communication with the driver, charging station and utility companies.
The report on ITS for ElectroMobility Roadmap (ERTICO, 2012), produced a list of services based on
existing CAPIRE roadmaps (CAPIRE, 2012) on Energy Storage Systems, Drive Train Technologies,
Vehicle System Integration, Grid Integration, Safety Systems, and Integration into the Transport
System as a whole. Services were grouped into five groups:
Service Area A. ITS and vehicle operation and usage
Service Area B. ITS and connection with the power grid
Service Area C. ITS and safety
Service Area D. ITS and integration with traffic systems
Service Area E. ITS and Co-operative systems
Figure 12: Milestones of the European Industry Roadmap for Electrification of Road Transport (CAPIRE, 2011)
A similar view, drafted by Zpryme's EV (Zpryme Research & Consulting, 2010) provided insights on
the user acceptance for EVs. It was mentioned that In-vehicle telematics companies such as
Airbiquity, combined with smartphones like Apple‘s iPhone will make up the central node of the EV
ecosystem. In fact, 52.9% of likely EV drivers in Zpryme's EV Consumer Survey indicated that being
able to use all their smartphone apps inside the vehicle would have a positive influence on their
decision to purchase an EV. Both of these technologies (telematics, smartphone) will not only
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enhance the EV experience that consumers demand, but also empower EV owners to make real-time
decisions in energy management, safety, and entertainment.
By 2017, roughly 80 percent of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) worldwide – or 4.8 million cars – will
offer advanced telematics systems, according to a report just released by Boulder, Colorado-based
Pike Research (Colorado, 2013) (Figure 13).
Figure 13: Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) worldwide (Colorado, 2013)
Many manufacturers are developing applications that can identify the closest electric vehicle
charging equipment (EVCE) locations, within range of the current battery level-of-charge. These
applications also can provide advice on driving techniques and traffic congestion, in order to extend
the range of the vehicle. The battery performance and recharging cost features use data from on-
board the vehicle and from utilities (when available). In addition, PEV telematics are expected to play
a significant role in the smart grid. The ability of these vehicles to communicate with both utilities
and the grid will help utilities to anticipate the location and duration of PEV charging. Advance
knowledge of where a load on the grid will be located, or the length of time that a vehicle may be
attached to the grid, will facilitate better demand response management.
eCodriving service has also showed some remarkable results. VTT (Oorni, 2012) has identified an
inventory of applications available at major platform-specific applications stores. The following
applications stores were included in the analysis: Apple iTunes (UK), Android Market, Android Zoom
and Nokia Ovi Store (NL). eCodriving services for example from Greater than AB (AB, 2013) also
emerging into the market.
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Table 2: Eco-driving: most downloaded applications (Oorni, 2012)
Android Market Android Zoom
Eco-Driving Garmin mechanic (100 000 – 500 000)
Car driving app: Smooth Drive
(50 000 – 100 000)
Dashboard assist PRO
(1000 – 5000)
Dashboard Assist
(50 000 – 100 000)
InstaMPG
(50 – 100)
Speed Helper (free)
(1000 – 5000)
Green EGear – Save Gas
(50 – 100)
Dashboard Assist PRO
(1000 – 5000)
- Fiat eco:Drive
(500 – 1000)
Ecomilla
(500 – 1000)
Regarding embedded and hybrid connected car systems (ABI, 2011), the installed base is expected to
grow from 45 million at the end of 2011 to 210 million by 2016. ABI distinguishes four different
flavours of connected car implementations:
Fully embedded OEM systems such as GM’s Onstar and BMW’s Connected Drive
Embedded aftermarket solutions for vehicle tracking, road user charging and insurance
Factory-installed hybrid systems such as Ford SYNC
Hybrid aftermarket solutions from Pioneer and Kenwood offering Pandora Internet radio via
smartphone integration.
3.3 Connected Car players
3.3.1 Key Players
According to ABI research (2013) Kapsch TrafficCom is currently the top player in the ITS industry.
The company earned the recognition for its outstanding performance across hardware, software, and
solutions, and excelling in toll collect and road use charging, traffic data, monitoring, and
management, road and vehicle safety systems, and hardware. Siemens is not far behind grabbing
second place. Its strong points were regional coverage, traffic management, software and
middleware and big data. Hitachi finished third by scoring high on quality and reliability, multi-modal
mobility, and smart cities integration, as well as combining hardware, services, and IT expertise.
According to ABI, the overall Intelligent Transportation Systems vendor ecosystem can be divided
into three categories:
Solution Providers: Kapsch, SWARCO, Q-Free, Siemens, PTV Group, Hitachi, TomTom
Hardware Providers: Kapsch, Denso, Bosch, Hitachi, Continental
IT Vendors: IBM, Siemens, Cisco, Logica, Xerox
Automotive Tier1 suppliers: Denso, Bosch, and Continental are mainly focused on V2V
hardware components.
35
However, this is not the case with the advent of the connected car. IT players are prominently
present leveraging their software and big data expertise which will become increasingly important
components of ITS solutions in the future.
The Car Connectivity Consortium (CCC), an organisation driving global innovation for phone-centric
car connectivity solutions, is trying to solve this dilemma via MirrorLink, which provides standardised
in-vehicle mobile device adaption using two-way communication between the vehicle’s in-dash
display and applications running on the smartphone. MirrorLink, a common middle layer that phone
makers, automakers, and car audio equipment suppliers can write to, is an attempt to reliably
connect to your car and “mirror” on-dash what’s on your phone, including navigation apps. In
Addition the Car2Car Communication Consortium (C2C-CC) of European car makers is preparing to
launch cooperative V2X systems on the marketplace from 2015. The C2C Consortium is planning to
focus its efforts on developing both vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure advanced safety
and driver information services and systems (Mirrorlink, 2013).
Car makers like GM, Mercedes and Volkswagen embed the phone into the car and support it with
telematic services focused largely on features like crash notification and emergency location. This
may be slowly broadening, however. BMW’s Connected Drive, for example, also offers full on-board
Internet access and browsing via an embedded system, along with safety, efficiency, and security
features. Last year Verizon formed the 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars to promote 4G LTE
connections in vehicles. BMW, Honda, Hyundai, Kia and Toyota joined Verizon as the initial members
of the Forum. The last of the three-pronged approach to connectivity is a collection of devices that
allow the use of “external” apps and pave the way for third-party services to be integrated into car
models. The results of these efforts will allow, in addition to preinstalled systems, aftermarket
devices to help consumers attain the solutions for the connectivity they desire in any vehicle. Sony’s
App Remote, for instance, lets the in-dash receiver’s buttons drive local music or Pandora streaming
radio. Using App Remote, information like album art can be shown on the smartphone or car display
and incoming messages can be read aloud on your car audio for added convenience. Aha Radio and
Pioneer use a hybrid app-based platform model. Its operating system is housed in part in the dash, in
part in a smartphone app and in part in the cloud. Honda also hopes to get ahead of competitors like
Toyota’s Entune and Ford Sync’s AppLink by not only outsourcing app integration but also by bringing
in more content and making updates easier and more frequent. With the same goal in mind, France’s
Peugeot Citroen has formed an alliance with car manufacturers including BMW, Volvo, Toyota and
General Motors to make it easier for software developers to create applications for proprietary user
interfaces. For its part, Ford is allowing developers to tie into a car’s voice recognition system, text-
to-speech engine, steering wheel controls, radio controls and displays. Similarly, the QNX CAR
application platform features a set of pre-integrated and optimised technologies from QNX and
dozens of ecosystem partners. Its latest iteration, QNX CAR 2, is designed to reduce the time and
effort required to create custom in-car infotainment systems. The platform is now being evaluated
by car makers and tier one automotive suppliers for use in next-generation infotainment systems
(CE, 2013).
Complete mapping of products and services can be found in Annex III.
3.3.2 Strategic Alliances
Manufacturers are now cooperating on a wide array of projects for a range of different purposes.
Renault and Nissan, for example, have had a strategic alliance in place since 1999 that has delivered
36
economies of scale and synergies for a long time now, including in the development of joint vehicle
platforms. BMW’s joint venture with PSA Peugeot Citroen and Daimler’s with BYD (Build Your
Dreams) promotes innovation through the joint development of hybrid and electric vehicle
technologies. Corporate cooperation plays a big role in entering new markets as well. Nearly all
Western manufacturers are sharing their know-how with their Chinese counterparts to avoid getting
left behind in the country’s exploding market. The Volkswagen Group’s joint ventures with Chinese
manufacturers SAIC and FAW are examples of the strategic importance of alliances. These
partnerships have allowed VW to achieve unrivalled market leadership with a sales volume of 1.9
million vehicles and a share of roughly 17% of the Chinese automobile industry in 2010. OEMs are
also cooperating with suppliers, like Daimler’s arrangement with Japanese carbon fibre specialist
Toray, and BMW’s deal with SGL Carbon to make lightweight materials for car manufacturing (KPMG,
2008).
Manufacturers are looking to utilise such innovative materials to improve fuel efficiency, emissions
and safety. Cooperation structures have also become more commonplace in the automotive supplier
industry in recent years. A study on strategic (KPMG, 2008) provided a detailed look at the challenges
involved in supplier partnerships in emerging markets and factors contributing to their success
(Figure 14).
Figure 14: Partnerships in the Automotive Supply Industry (KPMG, 2008).
Depending on the objective and particular circumstances, there are different forms of cooperation.
Alongside equity based models like joint ventures and strategic alliances with mutual shareholding,
contracts may also form the basis for partnerships. These include joint R&D alliances, co-marketing
and co-distribution agreements. Products and technologies can also be bought and sold by way of
licensing (IP R&D). Thus a whole range of partnership structuring options exists over the entire value
creation process for both suppliers and OEMs. Alongside the potential benefits, alliances naturally
involve challenges as well, which must be overcome for project success. Purely contractual alliances
37
like joint R&D partnerships involve less management work, as separate accounting is generally not
required. Corporate-law-based partnerships are generally attractive in comparison to in-house
options due to the potential cost savings available through shared research and distribution as well
as centralised functions. In joint R&D arrangements and partnerships conducted under research and
development contracts, cash contributions based on contractual upfront or milestone payments can
be an attractive option for financing development costs. These arrangements do, however, always
involve additional costs for monitoring the contractual partner. Both joint ventures and contract-
based partnerships have the advantage regarding management and results monitoring that they
allow deficits in resources and know-how to be compensated for. In contrast to joint ventures,
contractual partnerships generally present a problem in terms of appropriately allocating shared
costs. It is therefore essential to reach an agreement with the partner on uniform performance
metrics.
Some successful partnerships in 2011-2013 can be seen in Annex IV.
38
4. Results of C-ITS questionnaire
4.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the results of the C-ITS online internet based survey sent to ITS stakeholders.
The chapter is providing information on the structure of the survey and its distribution and in the end
provides the results of the survey.
4.1.1 Survey form
This questionnaire was formulated with 9 multiple choice questions in which the respondents were
asked to select the best possible answer (or answers) out of the choices from a list. The
questionnaire was divided in four sections: information on the respondent (type of organisation,
country of origin, contact details), description of Co-operative ITS product, Co-operative ITS product
specifications, and Co-operative ITS product details.
The first part of the questionnaire identifies information about the availability of products and
services based on the respondent (type of organisation, country of origin, contact details),
Pre-coded answers gave a choice between the following options:
Other
Public Authorities
Research
Service Providers
Suppliers
Traffic and Transport Systems (ITS) Industry
Vehicle Manufacturers
4.1.2 Distribution
The questionnaire was sent to the respondents via email flash as well from the following stakeholder
groups: iMobility Forum, ERTICO partners, i-Mobility Network, iMobility Challenge partners including
(CLEPA, ACEA), and EC project consortiums (MOBINET, Compass4D, eCoMove)
The tool used to develop the questionnaire was Survey Monkey which is an on-line survey platform
(www.surveymonkey.com). The survey was published on the ERTICO website between December
2012 and March 2013. In addition, throughout that period various email flashes have been sent
every month as reminder to the questionnaire.
39
Figure 15: iMobility Challenge questionnaire email flash
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Generic overview of the answers and their origin
A total of 234 answers were received. Of these, 120 were unusable due to the incompleteness of the
answers.
Figure 16: Type of Organisation of respondent
The group “Other” contained following type of organisations:
2
28
16 16 12
31
VehicleManufacturers
Traffic andTransportIndustry,
ServiceProviders,
Research body PublicAuthorities,
other
What category does your company/organisation belong to?
Total
40
Consulting (consulting company, independent consultancy, independent consultant, traffic
management consulting engineers)
Equipment and system suppliers (automotive part supplier, automotive supply industry,
equipment supplier….)
Manufacturers (its product manufacturer, semiconductor manufacturer, …)
Associations (automobile club, its partner organisation, standardisation body…)
Figure 17 shows the answers by countries. Significantly the answers received came not only from
Europe (80% of the answers) but also from the USA, China, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong,
Russia and Israel. The most frequent country of response was Germany – 21% of the received
answers. Austria came second with 10%, third are The Netherlands and France 8%, and fourth are
UK and Spain 7%, fifth place are Belgium and Italy 5%, sixth place are Sweden and Australia 3%, The
remaining countries are represented each by 2% and 1% of the answers.
Figure 17: Country of origin of respondents
4.2.2 Description of the Co-operative ITS product
The second part of the questionnaire focused on the description of the Co-operative ITS product. The
first question dealt with the type of product offered for which sector. More than half (55%) of
companies offer the same product for multiple sectors. 23% of companies offer normally ‘’other ‘’
types of products usually targeting to road operators, governments and public transport. 15% of
companies offer products targeting for private passengers (private passenger’s cars), 4% of
companies offer products related to commercial vehicles (truck) and 3% of companies target their
services to logistic and freight and fleet.
The second question focused on the type of Co-operative ITS product offered per company (Figure
18 and Figure 19). We have classified the products according to the ITS station subsystems. Almost a
half of companies offer products that have a multipurpose scope.
Australia 3%
Austria 10%
Belgium 5%
Brazil 1%
Canada 1% China
1%
Czech Republic
2%
Denmark 1%
Finland 2%
France 8%
Georgia 1%
Germany 21%
Greece 2%
Hong Kong 1%
Hungary 1%
Israel 1%
Italy 5% Japan
2%
Korea 2%
Netherlands 8%
Norway 2%
Poland 2%
Portugal 1%
Russia 1%
Spain 7%
Sweden 3%
Switzerland 1% UK
7% USA 1%
Country of origin of Respondents
41
Figure 18: Type of Co-operative ITS product
Figure 19: Type of Co-operative ITS product subsystem per stakeholder
Most of the services (26%) which are offered by the respondent organisations provide support to
manage traffic (Figure 20). Real-time travel and traffic information is currently provided to travellers
with different technologies, such as analogue and digital broadcasting, mobile devices, traffic
information web sites and roadside infrastructure, such as variable message signs. Information
Services cover forecast and real-time traffic event information, traffic condition and travel time
information, speed limit information, weather information and co-modal traveller information.
The second popular type of service offered by the respondents was mentioned as ‘’other’’. Some of
these are: journey planner (called IDOS) covering all public transport in the Czech Republic and
Slovakia, Connected Vehicle Cloud services, product offering efficient Co-operative ITS protocol stack
of road safety applications and new in-vehicle mobility services, taxi dispatching, monitoring, FCD
More than one... 46%
Vehicle ITS sub-system
16%
Roadside ITS sub-system
12%
Personal ITS handheld device
5%
Central ITS sub-system
21%
What type of cooperative ITS product subsystem do you offer?
42
collection, taxi fleet management, cellular and mobile WLAN communications and other (full list can
be found in Annex II).
Third most popular service type was to provide Traveller Journey assistance. The fourth was
provision of safety and emergency facilities. Several services provided by the respondents were also
related to management of public transport operations and provision of electronic payment facilities.
Figure 20: Service type functionality
Companies also commented on the type of communication technology (Figure 21) that their product
uses. Combination of technologies used for the products was commented by 54%. Out of which we
can split this % into the following combinations of communication technologies:
10 Short range and/or cellular systems,
10 Combinations of cellular systems with WiFi and RFID, digital broadcast, mobile WLAN
(802.11p), optical fibre
4 IEEE802.11p, IEEE802.11b/g/n, cellular 3G/LTE,
1 GPS for sat/nav and G3 for vehicle communications
1 Ethernet, Wi-Fi
1 Cellular and digital and analogue broadcast delivery channels, any web based channel.
23% of companies use solely cellular systems, 14% use short range technologies and 9% use digital
broadcast systems.
a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
8%
b) Provide Safety and Emergency
Facilities, 14%
c) Manage Traffic, 26%
d) Manage Public Transport
Operations, 6%
e) Provide Support for Host Vehicle
Systems 3%
f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
14%
g) Provide Support for Law
Enforcement 2%
h) Manage Freight and
Fleet Operations 3%
i) Provide Support for Cooperative
Systems (priority applications, bus
lane) 3%
j) other 21%
Does your service provide support to (FRAME architecture)
43
Figure 21: Type of communication technology used
Regarding the maturity of the product (Figure 22), 58% of the participants have a product on the
market; while 18% have a prototype. 14% of the companies have services piloted commercially to be
launched within 5 years’ time.
Figure 22: Maturity of product
a) Short range technologies
14%
b) Cellular systems,
23%
c) Digital broadcast systems
9%
d) a combination of more that one
54%
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
a) prototype 18%
b) pilot commercially
launch planned within 5 years time
14%
c) Product 58%
d) other 10%
What is the maturity of your product?
44
5. Discussions and conclusions
5.1 Discussion of results
This chapter concludes with providing some analysis of the three methods used to investigate what
kind of products and services exist in the domain of Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems. It
also focuses on the assumptions in the approaches followed, and documents possible limitations of
the study.
As regards the primary method on the outline of literature study, this report has taken into account
the following assumptions. This report is focusing only on ’Co-operative Intelligent Transport Systems
products and services. Throughout this report, the writer is assuming that concept of ‘’Co-operative
Intelligent Transport Systems market’’ to be the same with the ‘’Connected car market’’. This is due
that the connected mobility is a new concept, born out of the encounter of revolutions explained in
Chapter 2.
For the Internet-based research data collection methodology, the report’s primary objectives were to
provide with consolidated information on the market as whole and not per geographical region or
per member state or per companies’ global strategies. However, some global companies tailor
different product offerings for different geographic locations; others pursue a global strategy, selling
the same product worldwide. Some automotive companies for example are using a region centric
approach to deliver its global product, i.e. offering products to continental regions with similar
economies and culture. In addition, the list of products and strategic alliances which have been
identified is not exhaustive and does not capture all the market.
To gather information on the availability of Cooperative ITS with the online internet based
questionnaire was the main objective of this study. In the survey, ERTICO’s multi sector public /
private partnerships, its 600 members of the i-Mobility Network and the EC research projects which
they are involved with were utilised. It can be emphasised that the number of results received was
satisfactory. However, the number of automotive manufacturers responding to the questionnaire
was below the expectations. The reasons for non-completion were attributed to the sensitivity of
the questions in terms of product development. This impacted the statistical consideration of the
answers but enough to establish trends concerning the point-of-view of the stakeholders. As lesson
learned we will use more structured questionnaire containing compulsory fields in all answers.
Furthermore, it was pursued to conduct detailed interviews with representatives of the connected
car market (including the OEMs). However, the interviewees found that compiling such
questionnaires either needed a management approval procedure or found the content of the
information very ‘’sensitive’’ for their company to provide. This methodology approach was
therefore not pursued.
Another important finding from the survey was the countries, such as USA, which is also a pioneer of
C-ITS where underrepresented in the questionnaire. The high number of German contribution
indicates the interest of German stakeholders in the development and deployment of C-ITS systems.
The German car manufacturers and suppliers are playing an important role in the development and
deployment of C-ITS systems. The countries represented are showing a global trend towards the
development and deployment of C-ITS services. Note also that these countries have important ITS
45
industry stakeholders (suppliers, service providers). New countries which are emerging in this field
are Czech Republic, Greece, Poland and Finland.
Furthermore, taken out into account the results of the connected car market outlook and the
questionnaire analysis the applications which are currently mapped are those related to eCall, real-
time and traffic information (infotainment and entertainment functions), navigations services and
the fuel efficient route choice (only for Electric vehicles). Very few services on ecodriving have been
identified.
For the eCall service it is particular true, since eCall devices have to be fitted to all new models of
passenger cars and light vehicles from 2015 in order to obtain EU-wide type approval. In terms of the
real-time and traffic information service deployment, here the important role of the Traveller
Information Services Association (TISA) needs to be highlighted. TISA is recognised as the main
organisation, by the Standards Organisations (CEN and ISO), where standards development for the
ITS Traffic and Travel Information services and products domain is taking place.
Another important outcome from the questionnaire analysis, is that most popular type of service
offered by the respondents was mentioned as ‘’other’’. This show the diversification of services /
products currently been offered by the organisations which are driven away from the traditional
types of services.
In addition, this study mapped its outcomes with the report produced by (Risto Oorni, Anna
Schirokoff, 2012), for the iMobility Challenge project, on systems to be promoted for decision-
makers and the Systems to be promoted for end-users (including both autonomous and Co-operative
ITS systems). It can be further concluded that the findings being reported does not fully match the
services to be proposed by the project. The services which were not identified in this study are Speed
alert (active gas pedal version, cooperative implementation standardised), Cooperative Adaptive
Cruise Control, Start-stop assistant.
5.2 Conclusions and recommendations
Connected vehicles and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) provide one of the technical and
economic solutions to the transportation challenge facing the 21st century. Today’s growing,
worldwide population wants to be more mobile and in total safety, all of this in a context of limited
energy resources and the need to protect the environment. The “connected car” has opened up a
new dimension of mobility. Numerous ITS programs and projects are currently under development
around the world and on a European-wide scale. In addition, there are numerous companies and
organisation which have started to deploy C-ITS services. This study’s objective was to bring
consolidated information about the availability of products and services based on Co-operative
Intelligent Transport Systems that exist in the market and are offered by ITS stakeholders.
The methodologies used to acquire information on the literature study, the connected car market
outlook and the questionnaire analysis provided with really interesting results on how the market is
constructed and which key players are now in the forefront and what type of services and products
are offered.
It can be concluded that currently mapped applications are those related to eCall, real-time and
traffic information (infotainment and entertainment functions), navigations services or the fuel
efficient route choice (only for Electric vehicles). In addition, the forming of joint ventures and
46
strategic alliances could be seen as an important element in the connected car market. There is a
whole range of partnership structuring options that exist over the entire value creation process for
both suppliers and OEMs. Finally, with advent of the connected car concept and the Cloud
Computing, there is a also a tendency for diversification and bundling of services / products currently
being offered by the companies which are driven away from the traditional types of services, due to
economies of scale.
Reports and studies from various stakeholders on the connected car market provide some very
important forecasts for the short term future sales. Under the iMobility Forum, there is a working
group on Implementation Road Map which monitors the priority systems (vehicle-based systems as
well as infrastructure-based systems and combined solution such as eCall) currently in the ITS
market. It could be recommended to the iMobility Forum working group to extend its focus not only
to the priority systems identified but to consider the emerging connected car services of this report.
This report should be considered to be revised in the immediate future.
47
Annex I – Questionnaire on Co-operative ITS products
Questionnaire on Co-operative ITS products
This questionnaire focuses on bringing consolidated information about the availability of products
and services based on Co-operative systems that exist in the market and are offered by public
authorities, industry players, infrastructure operators, research associations and other organisations.
1. About you:
About
you: Name:
Company:
Country
(Mandatory):
Email Address:
2. What category does your company/organization belong to?
If 'Other', please specify
3. Type of product *(ETSI architecture) + picture
a) Personal ITS handheld device
b) Central ITS sub-system; part of an ITS central system, traffic management centre
c) Vehicle ITS sub-system; in cars, trucks, etc., in motion or parked,
d) Roadside ITS sub-system; on gantries, poles, etc.,
e) (more than two)
4. For which category is the type of system
a) Private passenger,
b) Commercial passenger,
c) Freight fleet,
d) A combination of the above
e) Other
If (d) or other please specify the product
48
5. Does your service provide support to*: (FRAME architecture):
a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
c) Manage Traffic,
d) Manage Public Transport Operations,
e) Provide Support for Host Vehicle Systems
f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
g) Provide Support for Law Enforcement
h) Manage Freight and Fleet Operations
i) Provide Support for Co-operative Systems (priority applications, bus lane)
j) If it is not, please provide the description.
6. Type of communication of product
a) Short range technologies
b) Cellular systems,
c) Digital broadcast systems
7. Maturity of product
a) Pilot
b) Commercially launch planned within 5 years time
c) Product
49
Annex II - Full Answers of Questionnaire on Co-operative ITS
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
Research body private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
b) Cellular systems, b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
other A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
d) other Other (please specify)
Service Providers, private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system e) Provide Support for Host Vehicle Systems
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Service Providers, private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system e) Provide Support for Host Vehicle Systems
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Research body freight fleet More than one h) Manage Freight and Fleet Operations
b) Cellular systems, c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Service Providers, A combination of the above
vehicle ITS sub-system h) Manage Freight and Fleet Operations
b) Cellular systems, c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system i) Provide Support for Co-operative Systems (priority applications, bus lane)
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Research body other More than one f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
c) Digital broadcast systems
d) other Other (please specify)
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
b) Cellular systems, c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
other other More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
d) other Other (please specify)
other other More than one d) Manage Public Transport Operations,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
50
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
More than one c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
d) other No impact assessment / evaluation
other other central ITS sub-system f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product Other (please specify)
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system i) Provide Support for Co-operative Systems (priority applications, bus lane)
b) Cellular systems, a) prototype impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
More than one b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Service Providers, A combination of the above
More than one b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, c) Digital broadcast systems
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Vehicle Manufacturers A combination of the above
vehicle ITS sub-system f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Research body A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype No impact assessment / evaluation
other A combination of the above
vehicle ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
Other (please specify)
other other More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
other A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
b) Cellular systems, c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
other A combination of the above
More than one a) other b) other NA NA
Research body private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
a) prototype impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
51
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
Service Providers, A combination of the above
More than one a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
c) Digital broadcast systems
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
other A combination of the above
vehicle ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
roadside ITS sub-system j) other d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
other A combination of the above
More than one d) Manage Public Transport Operations,
b) Cellular systems, c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other More than one i) Provide Support for Co-operative Systems (priority applications, bus lane)
b) Cellular systems, a) prototype impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
other A combination of the above
More than one b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
d) a combination of more than one
d) other impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
private passenger central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, c) Digital broadcast systems
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
other other More than one d) Manage Public Transport Operations,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Research body A combination of the above
More than one b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype Other (please specify)
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other roadside ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, a) Short range technologies
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other More than one i) Provide Support for Co-operative Systems (priority applications, bus lane)
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
other A combination of the above
vehicle ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
52
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
Service Providers, A combination of the above
More than one f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Research body private passenger central ITS sub-system a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Research body private passenger roadside ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, c) Digital broadcast systems
a) prototype No impact assessment / evaluation
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other roadside ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, c) Digital broadcast systems
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
other A combination of the above
More than one c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Service Providers, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, b) Cellular systems, b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
No impact assessment / evaluation
other A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
c) Product Other (please specify)
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other roadside ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Research body other More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
d) other Other (please specify)
Service Providers, other More than one d) Manage Public Transport Operations,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
other commercial passenger More than one d) Manage Public Transport Operations,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
d) other impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
commercial passenger More than one d) Manage Public Transport Operations,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
53
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other roadside ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other roadside ITS sub-system j) other d) a combination of more than one
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
More than one c) Manage Traffic, a) Short range technologies
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
More than one c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Service Providers, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, c) Digital broadcast systems
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Research body private passenger Personal ITS handheld device
j) other b) Cellular systems, c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Research body A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
d) other Other (please specify)
Service Providers, A combination of the above
roadside ITS sub-system g) Provide Support for Law Enforcement
a) Short range technologies
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Public Authorities, private passenger central ITS sub-system f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
b) Cellular systems, b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
No impact assessment / evaluation
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
d) other No impact assessment / evaluation
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
private passenger Personal ITS handheld device
f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
b) Cellular systems, c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
54
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
other A combination of the above
More than one c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Service Providers, private passenger Personal ITS handheld device
f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
other private passenger Personal ITS handheld device
f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
b) Cellular systems, c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Service Providers, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, c) Digital broadcast systems
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system j) other c) Digital broadcast systems
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Public Authorities, A combination of the above
More than one j) other b) Cellular systems, c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
other private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
c) Product Other (please specify)
other other central ITS sub-system g) Provide Support for Law Enforcement
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Traffic and Transport Industry,
freight fleet More than one c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
commercial passenger vehicle ITS sub-system a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
55
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
Traffic and Transport Industry,
freight fleet More than one a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
b) Cellular systems, c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other More than one j) other b) Cellular systems, c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
roadside ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, a) Short range technologies
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
No impact assessment / evaluation
other other More than one c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
other other roadside ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
roadside ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
More than one c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Service Providers, private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
other A combination of the above
Personal ITS handheld device
f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
b) Cellular systems, a) prototype impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
other A combination of the above
roadside ITS sub-system d) Manage Public Transport Operations,
d) a combination of more than one
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
other A combination of the above
vehicle ITS sub-system j) other b) Cellular systems, c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
other A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more that one
d) other Other (please specify)
other A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
d) other Other (please specify)
56
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
Research body A combination of the above
More than one c) Manage Traffic, a) Short range technologies
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Service Providers, A combination of the above
central ITS sub-system f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
c) Digital broadcast systems
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
More than one c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
other other roadside ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Research body A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype Other (please specify)
Research body other central ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, d) a combination of more than one
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Research body private passenger central ITS sub-system f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
b) Cellular systems, b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Research body A combination of the above
vehicle ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
a) prototype No impact assessment / evaluation
other A combination of the above
More than one a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
other other More than one j) other a) Short range technologies
c) Product Other (please specify)
Traffic and Transport Industry,
A combination of the above
More than one f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Public Authorities, other More than one f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
d) a combination of more than one
c) Product Other (please specify)
Vehicle Manufacturers private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system c) Manage Traffic, b) Cellular systems, a) prototype Other (please specify)
57
What category does your company/organization belong to?
For which sector is the type of product offered to?
What type of Co-operative ITS product do you offer? (see picture below, ETSI)
Does your product provide support to*: (see picture below, FRAME):
What type of Communication technology does your product use?
What is the maturity of your product?
Did you perform any impact assessment / evaluation for the product in terms of effects on safe, smart and clean road mobility?
Traffic and Transport Industry,
other vehicle ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
a) prototype Other (please specify)
Service Providers, A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype No impact assessment / evaluation
Service Providers, A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype No impact assessment / evaluation
Vehicle Manufacturers commercial passenger vehicle ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype No impact assessment / evaluation
Research body A combination of the above
More than one j) other d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype No impact assessment / evaluation
Public Authorities, private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
No impact assessment / evaluation
other private passenger vehicle ITS sub-system j) other d) a combination of more than one
a) prototype No impact assessment / evaluation
Public Authorities, private passenger Personal ITS handheld device
f) Provide Traveller Journey Assistance
b) Cellular systems, b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Public Authorities, private passenger Personal ITS handheld device
b) Provide Safety and Emergency Facilities,
a) Short range technologies
a) prototype impact assessment / evaluation before launch of the product
Traffic and Transport Industry,
freight fleet central ITS sub-system h) Manage Freight and Fleet Operations
b) Cellular systems, b) pilot commercially launch planned within 5 years time
impact assessment / evaluation after launch of the product
Research body freight fleet central ITS sub-system a) Electronic Payment Facilities,
b) Cellular systems, c) Product No impact assessment / evaluation
58
Annex III: Mapping of products and services
Company Product Product specifics Press Release
Airbiquity platform Choreo The platform brand, Choreo, provides services and connectivity for
large players in the connected car market such as Ford, Nissan, Bosch,
Motorola, BMW and GM’s OnStar.
http://www.airbiquity.com/whatwedo.php
Audi Audi Connect Audi connect provides infotainment and entertainment functions and
takes comfort and the fun of driving to a whole new level. By means of
a UTMS module integrated into Bluetooth car phone online and the
customer's own SIM card in the vehicle, online information (such as
navigation with point of interest search, Navigation with Google Earth™
mapping service and Google Street View™, weather, news, Audi traffic
information online, Audi music stream*) are transmitted directly and
integrated into the vehicle. Optional Audi MMI® navigation plus (MMI®
navigation plus with MMI® touch for the A3, A6, A7 and A8 model lines)
permits the use of these Audi connect services. Thanks to a Wi-Fi
hotspot, the Internet can be accessed via a mobile terminal device
during the journey in the rear or when stationary.
http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/models/infotainment_and_c
ommunication/audi_connect_services.html
BMW Connected Drive ConnectedDrive Services with BMW Online and Apps, Intelligent
Emergency Calling, Concierge Services, Internet, and Real Time Traffic
Information.
http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/technology/connecteddriv
e/2010/bmw_online_assist/index.html
Car Connectivity
Consortium (CCC)
MirrorLink MirrorLink™ is a technology standard that allows a consumer to access
their phone using the same controls they use for accessing the car
radio, climate control, and navigation system.
http://www.mirrorlink.com/about/
Chryshler UCONNECT Uconnect platform. http://www.driveuconnect.com/
59
Company Product Product specifics Press Release
Continental Intelligent Antenna
module
Intelligent Antenna module. http://www.conti-
online.com/generator/www/com/en/continental/pressportal/them
es/press_releases/3_automotive_group/interior/press_releases/pr
_2010_04_07_intelligente_antenne_en.html
Delphi Unique Plug-and-Play
Connectivity Service
Delphi Introduces Unique Plug-and-Play Connectivity Service –
Consumers Can Quickly Lock & Unlock Doors, Locate, Track and
Monitor Vehicles via Mobile Devices.
http://delphi.com/news/pressReleases/pr_2013_01_06_001/
Ericsson Ericsson Connected
Vehicle Cloud
Connected Vehicle Cloud based on Ericsson's Multiservice Delivery
Platform will provide infotainment, apps and communication.
http://www.ericsson.com/news/1665573
Ford SYNC AppLink Nine new smartphone apps for its Ford Sync platform. Amazon Cloud
Player, Wall Street Journal Live, Rhapsody, USA Today and Glympse are
among those now available to drivers. from supported smartphone
using voice commands and radio buttons on steering wheel.
http://www.ford.com/technology/sync/packages/
GM onstar eCall. SVR, google.
Honda HondaLink EV
connected vehicle
program
HondaLink EV will provide the Fit EV customer with the ability to
remotely check vehicle “state of charge”, remotely start or stop
charging when the vehicle is plugged in, as well as remotely pre-
condition the cabin temperature before entering the vehicle, allowing
for maximum battery driving range. The ability for customers to
manage their electric vehicle ownership experience through digital-
access tools like websites and smart phones is a key feature in
optimizing the Fit EV customer experience. The application also offers
support for 24-hour roadside assistance.
http://www.aeris.com/aeris-news/
60
Company Product Product specifics Press Release
Huawei MU609T and ME909T MU609T and ME909T are Huawei’s first 3G and LTE modules for
vehicles, designed to “cater specifically to the working environment
temperature and power consumption of the automotive industry.”
Both modules are pre-installed with GPS and eCall. 3G Wi-Fi box for
vehicles that can create hotspots ‘on the go’ via 3G (the DA6810); and
an on-board diagnostics system (the DA3100) that “enables insurance
providers and fleet management companies to retrieve information
such as location, vehicle conditions and driver habits.”
http://www.machinetomachinemagazine.com/2013/03/04/huawei-
launches-first-vehicle-telematics-range/
Hyundai blue link navi, eCall, weather, geogence, SVR, diagnostics, mobile app.
IBM DAISY (short for Driver
Assistance and
Information Systems
DAISY (short for Driver Assistance and Information Systems. http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/wwwr_thinkresearch.nsf/p
ages/car200.html
Intel Intel® Atom™
processor, Intel® IVI
Reference Design
Intel® Atom™ processor, Intel® IVI Reference Design. http://www.intel.co.uk/content/www/uk/en/automotive/automoti
ve-overview.html
Kapsch TrafficCom
AG
TS3306 aftermarket on-
board unit
The TS3306 on-board unit can link to a smartphone or a tablet via
Bluetooth wireless link. Besides Bluetooth, the TS3306 also supports
USB and an optional CAN vehicle interface which expand device
versatility and integration capabilities. Road signage, traveller
advisories and warning indications can be displayed and controlled by
an application running on the user interface device.
http://mobile.kapsch.net/fileadmin/downloads/Kapsch-KTC-BR-
V2X-EN-01_00.pdf
Kapsch TrafficCom
AG
V2X roadside unit MTX-
9450
The V2X roadside unit MTX-9450 is a compact roadside infrastructure
device for wireless Communications in the 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short-
Range Communication (DSRC) band in
compliance with the current status of ETSI ITS G5 and U.S. WAVE
standards. The MTX 9450 Transceiver supports various V2I applications
for road safety and traffic efficiency
including IEEE 1609.2 security protocol.
http://mobile.kapsch.net/fileadmin/downloads/Kapsch-KTC-BR-
V2X-EN-01_00.pdf
61
Company Product Product specifics Press Release
Logica ITS, M2M, Connected
car
ITS, M2M, Connected car. http://www.logica.com/we-are-logica/media-centre/case-
studies/easy-access-to-charge-points-will-encourage-electric-car-
usage-and-reduce-co2-pollution/
Mahindra Satyam Integrated
Infotainment Solution
Smartphone Connectivity•Handsfree Telephony•Automotive Grid 7"
Touch Screen•Instrument cluster & diagnostics•Radio w/ RDS•LTE &
Wi-Fi•OB Navigation w/ DR •3D graphics.
http://www.mahindrasatyam.com/IT-services/integrated-
engineering-solution/solution-offerings-connected-vehicle-
solution.asp
Mercedes mbrace eCall, Crisis assist, traffic, weather.
Mercedes comand online Charge levels, charging stations, availability of stations.
Mini mini connected web radio, twitter, facebook, dynamic music.
NAVTEQ NAVTEQ® Maps Power
Audi Connected Car
Technology Research
NAVTEQ Maps include data which can specifically support Advanced
Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), such as Geometry, Slope and Height.
Relying on these ADAS capabilities, future Audi models could be able to
help drivers better detect and avoid dangerous situations.
http://press.navteq.com/NAVTEQ-Maps-Power-Audi-Connected-
Car-Technology-Research
Nissan Nissan carwings Charge levels, charging stations.
OnStar OnStar’s Advanced
Telematics Operating
System (ATOMS).
OnStar’s Advanced Telematics Operating System (ATOMS).OnStar
services are enabled by its Advanced Telematics Operating
Management System. ATOMS is the most-powerful automotive cloud
platform in the market today – connecting to more than 6 million
OnStar customers.
http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/onstar/12onstarces.html
Peugeot /Citroen Peugeot connect /
Citroen eTouch
eCall, diagnostics, eco-tracking, battery status.
Qfree SA Q-Free® OBU610 DSRC
Transponder
Support all applicable protocols in the world of 5.8GHz CEN DSRC for
automatic registration, identification and fee collection from vehicles.
http://www.q-free.com/files/2013/02/OBU610DSRC.pdf
62
Company Product Product specifics Press Release
QNX QNX CAR QNX CAR includes a wide array of QNX technologies: the
QNX®Neutrino® RTOS (shipped in the majority of 2011 infotainment
systems), a powerful multimedia framework, a superior hands-free
solution with HD stereo, HTML5-based HMI technology, and a direct
development path from mobile to automotive, and now the car.
http://www.qnx.org.uk/solutions/industries/automotive/#customer
s
Qualcomm advanced wide-area
wireless connectivity
and the largest supplier
of wireless modem
chipsets to the auto
industry
Advanced wide-area wireless connectivity and the largest supplier of
wireless modem chipsets to the auto industry.
http://www.qualcomm.com/solutions/ioe/automotive
Renault R-Link store Renault is rolling out an R-Link store offering custom Android apps.
Renault reckons the apps catalogue will cover everything from journey
optimisation (TomTom LIVE services, fuel prices) and vehicle info to
more practical help (phone numbers, Yellow Pages), comms (e-mails, R-
Tweet app) and travel information.
http://www.techradar.com/news/car-tech/renault-launches-
android-based-r-link-in-car-tablet-1100210
Renault /mazda carminat TomTOm live HD traffic, mobile speed cameras, google local search, battery status,
charge point location.
Robert Bosch GmbH Bosch SoftTec Web portals with eShop and App Store functionality, server-based
service delivery as well as connected in-car applications.
http://www.bosch-softtec.com/cloud.html
Siemens Intelligent
infrastructure
Smart grid for electromobility. http://www.usa.siemens.com/electromobility/electromobility.html
SWARCO MIZAR MISTIC platform MISTIC platform for RTTI. http://www.swarco.com/mizar-en/Products/Infomobility
T-Mobile
63
Company Product Product specifics Press Release
TomTom The TomTom
Connected Navigation
System
The TomTom Connected Navigation System. http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/46106/tomtom-future-
connected-cars-maps
Toyota Entune Entune® 5 is a collection of popular mobile applications and data
services accessible from your Toyota. These services are delivered via
most smartphones using Bluetooth® 3 and a cellular data connection.
http://www.toyota.com/entune/
Toyota LTE CONNECTED CAR LTE CONNECTED CAR. http://www.ngconnect.org/program/connected-car.htm
TransCore iPad® Mobile App for
TransSuite® Traffic
Management System
TransCore Introduces iPad® Mobile App for TransSuite® Traffic
Management System.
www.transcore.com/pdf/TransSuite-Mobile-App-Profile.pdf
Volkswagen Group Connected vehicle Connected vehicle. http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/innov
ation/communication_and_networking/connected_world.html
Volvo oncall eCall, SVR, tracking, lock, mobile app. http://www.volvocars.com/intl/sales-services/sales/volvo-on-
call/pages/mobile-app.aspx
WirelessCar Next Generation
Telematics Pattern”,
NGTP
Next Generation Telematics Pattern”, NGTP. http://www.wirelesscar.com/?page_id=76
64
Annex IV: Strategic Alliances
Company Partnership Name Partnership specifics Press release
Atos Connected Vehicle
Platform (CVP),
The service platform, or Connected Vehicle Platform (CVP), enables
scalability so that new B2C and B2B services may be quickly brought
to market; it flexibly integrates content and service suppliers as
well as different on-board systems, allowing customers to generate
new sources of income with an attractive economic model.
http://atos.net/en-
us/solutions/business_integration_solutions/smart-mobility-
solutions/connected-cars/default.htm
Audi Urban
Intelligent Assist
project
Audi Urban Intelligent
Assist project
The Audi Urban Intelligent Assist project is a three-year joint effort
between Audi AG, the Volkswagen Group Electronics Research
Laboratory (ERL), in Belmont, CA, the University of Southern
California, the University of California at Berkeley, and the
University of California at San Diego.
http://audiusanews.com/newsrelease.do;jsessionid=4F26C4727F32
6C1749FA9D15E259A4DD?&id=2172&allImage=1&teaser=audi-
researchers-four-us-universities-begin-work-solutions&mid=120
Broadcom and
Hyundai Motor
Ford and General
Motors open their
vehicle electronics
platforms to external
developers to provide
improved infotainment
integration.
Ford and General Motors open their vehicle electronics platforms
to external developers to provide improved infotainment
integration.
http://trafficsafe.org/index.php/car-makers-provide-open-
platform-for-consumer-electronics-5079/
Car 2 Car
consortium
Co-operative systems Manifesto. http://www.car-to-car.org/
Chrysler Group and
Sprint
Sprint will be the
partner for Chrysler
Group’s Uconnect
Access in-vehicle
communication system.
The platform will use the Sprint Connected Vehicle architecture and
delivers built-in vehicle connectivity via embedded wireless
technology. Voice commands and even a Wi-Fi hotspot within the
vehicle were among the highlighted features talked about during
the press conference.
http://newsroom.sprint.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2198
65
Company Partnership Name Partnership specifics Press release
Cinterion Gemalto,
Audi
Cinterion® range of
automotive-grade M2M
technology is providing
4G connectivity for
Audi’s industry-first,
embedded LTE
infotainment system
Gemalto enables Audi's industry-first embedded 4G LTE
infotainment system.
http://www.gemalto.com/php/pr_view.php?id=1490
Continental, BMW
bundle R&D forces
for automatic
driving
electronic co-pilot"
system
Electronic co-pilot" system. http://www.automotive-eetimes.com/en/continental-bmw-
bundle-rd-forces-for-automatic-
driving.html?cmp_id=7&news_id=222902774
Ford and Genivi
Alliance
AppLink™
, software, =
Ford-developed in-car
smartphone app
interface
Ford Extends Commitment to App Developers by Contributing
AppLink to Open-Source GENIVI Alliance.
http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=37727
FUJITSU TEN,
Telenor
FUJITSU TEN further
strengthens its
automotive strategy
with premium
telematics solution from
Telenor Connexion to be
deployed overseas.
Telenor Connexion provides an end-to-end connectivity solution in
part of FUJITSU Group’s “FENICS II M2M Service” from FUJITSU
TEN’s on-board ECU telematics unit to the FUJITSU Group Data
Center, allowing car-owners to take advantage of a variety of
services including remotely starting the engine or checking the
status of a car with a smartphone.
http://www.machinetomachinemagazine.com/2013/03/13/fujitsu-
ten-connects-with-telenor-connexion/
GENIVI alliance non-profit industry
alliance committed to
driving the broad
adoption of an In-
Vehicle Infotainment
(IVI) open-source
development platform.
http://www.genivi.org/
66
Company Partnership Name Partnership specifics Press release
GM and AT&T Introducing 4G LTE into
GM vehicles
General Motors Selects AT&T's 4G LTE Network to Deliver
Enhanced Services to Millions of Vehicles.
http://www.att.com/gen/press-
room?pid=23813&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=36055
Honda, AERIS Aeris Communications
Selected as
Communications
Provider For Honda’s
Electric Vehicle
Telematics
Aeris® Communications, the leading cellular carrier dedicated
exclusively to machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, today
announced that it has been selected as the communications
provider for HondaLink EV™, Honda’s new electric vehicle
smartphone app.
http://www.machinetomachinemagazine.com/2012/07/27/honda-
selects-aeris-communications-for-electric-vehicle-telematics/
Imtech/Peek First platform for Co-
operative intelligent
transport systems in
Europe
First platform for Co-operative intelligent transport systems in
Europe.
http://www.imtech.eu/eCache/DEF/26/070.bGFuZz1FTg.html
Intel, Nissan,
Hyundai and Kia,
Toyota
Intel® Atom™ processor Intel Technology Selected for NISSAN Motor Company's Next-Gen
In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems
http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/201
2/04/05/intel-technology-selected-for-nissan-motor-companys-
next-gen-in-vehicle-infotainment-systems
Intel, Shenzhen
Hazen Auto
Electronics Co
Intel Joins Hands with
Shenzhen Hazen Auto
Electronics Co., Ltd. to
Build Next Generation
In-Vehicle Infotainment
System
Intel Joins Hands with Shenzhen Hazen Auto Electronics Co., Ltd. to
build Next Generation In-Vehicle Infotainment System.
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/infotainment-
systems/shenzhen-hazen-next-generation-ivi-system.html
KPN, NTT DOCOMO,
Rogers
Communications,
SingTel, Telefonica,
Telstra, VimpelCom,
Etisalat
M2M Multi-operator
Alliance announces
single worldwide SIM
card trials on connected
management platform
M2M Multi-operator Alliance announces single worldwide SIM card
trials on connected management platform.
https://m2m.telefonica.com/m2m-media/m2m-news/item/461-
m2m-multi-operator-alliance-announces-worldwide-sim-mobile-
world-congress-mwc
67
Company Partnership Name Partnership specifics Press release
Microsoft and
Toyota
Microsoft and Toyota
Announce Strategic
Partnership on Next-
Generation Telematics
Windows Azure platform, which includes Windows Azure and
Microsoft SQL Azure, starting with TMC’s electric and plug-in hybrid
vehicles in 2012. TMC’s goal is to establish a complete global cloud
platform by 2015 that will provide affordable and advanced
telematics services to Toyota automotive customers around the
world.
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2011/apr11/04-
06ToyotaPR.aspx
NAVTEQ, Audi NAVTEQ Traffic Pro® NAVTEQ® Maps Power Audi Connected Car Technology Research. http://press.navteq.com/NAVTEQ-Maps-Power-Audi-Connected-
Car-Technology-Research
ng Connect Program
/ LTE Car Connect,
engages Toyota,
QNX, Alcatel-Lucent,
Atlantic Records,
widget supplier
chumby and
Kabillion, a provider
of multimedia
content for children.
ng Connect Program The ng Connect Program, conceived and founded by Alcatel-Lucent,
brings together infrastructure, device, application and content
companies to create an end-to-end ecosystem with all the
resources and expertise required to rapidly deliver next generation
services and applications to service providers, enterprises and
consumers. Toyota Prius LTE car will offer entertainment,
infotainment and security services” like vide on-demand, gaming,
GPS navigation, vehicle monitoring, home control.
http://www.ngconnect.org/program/connected-car.htm#1
Oberthur, Telecom
Italia
Subscription Manager
solution and the
Embedded SIM (Device
Identity Module® 1 for
M2M SIM card) for the
M2M automotive
telematic systems
Oberthur technologies provides Embedded SIM to Telecom Italia. http://www.oberthur.com/press_page.aspx?Id=504
68
Company Partnership Name Partnership specifics Press release
Rinspeed , Harman German company
rinspeed and
infotainment systems
manufacturer harman
have released
information on its
upcoming 'microMAX'
EV
http://www.designboom.com/technology/rinspeed-micromax-
cloud-connected-electric-vehicle-concept/
Telefonica Pago como Conduzco, an Insurance Telematics product commercialized jointly with
General.
http://m2m.telefonica.com/m2m-media/m2m-blog/item/463-
connected-car-solutions-mwc-2013-mwc13
Verizon Wireless,
BMW, Honda,
Hyundai, Kia and
Toyota
4G venture forum for
connected cars
The group will collaborate and explore ways to deliver connectivity
to vehicles of all types, by leveraging open standards and discussing
ways to accelerate development of the 4G LTE ecosystem across
automotive OEMs, suppliers, device manufacturers, application
developers and content publishers.
http://finance.paidcontent.org/paidcontent/news/read/21509267/
verizon_joins_with_leading_global_auto_companies_to_establish_
4g_venture_forum_for_connected_cars
Volvo Car Group and
Ericsson
Ericsson Connected
Vehicle Cloud
Volvo Car Group and Ericsson join forces to deliver global
connected car services.
https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/enhanced/en-
gb/media/preview.aspx?mediaid=47168
69
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