Earth’s Surface

Lithosphere-rocky outer layer of Earth including the crust and upper mantel.

Hydrosphere-all the water on Earth.

Spheres of Earth

A force that slowly wears away or breaks down mountains and other features on the surface of Earth.

Destructive Forces

The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces called sediment.

Weathering

The movement of sediment on Earth’s surface from one place to another.◦ Gravity◦ Running water◦ Glaciers◦ Wind◦ Ocean currents

Erosion

Water Erosion The higher the slope of a stream or river,

the more erosion will occur. (gradient) The more water in a river, the more erosion

will occur. (discharge)

Water Erosion

As these giant sheets of ice move, they carve into the surface of Earth, taking sediment with them.

Glacier Erosion

Events that build up Earth’s lithosphere and cause the land to rise.

Constructive Forces

Magma from volcanoes hardens to form igneous rock and volcanic mountains. (subduction)

Tectonic Plate Activity

When plates collide, the lithosphere can be folded up or down creating mountains.

Faults at transform plate boundaries can create mountains.

The process by which eroded sediment is dropped off or deposited in a new area. ◦ Gravity ◦ Water◦ Wind◦ Glaciers ◦ Ocean currents

Deposition