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Hydrosphere Earth s Water By Carla Thompson Part 2 Copy the
following questions in Cornell note style
Why is water so unique? What are the ways water can exist as a
solid, liquid and gas on Earth? What cycles maintains the water on
our planet? What are the three processes that drive this cycle?
What properties does the Earth soil have that allow water to flow
underground? Why it is important that aquifers and/or wells be in
the below the water table and in the zone of saturation? What are
the two types of aquifers? Why doesnt a spring need a hole dug to
get water? What are two reasons why ground water is important? Our
Blue Planet is Unique
Know Your Water, Conserve It Water is our most precious natural
resource; we cannot live without it. While the Midwest is a
water-rich region of the United States, a dependable and drinkable
supply of water is becoming an increasing challenge for many
municipalities, and homeowners with private wells. We are overusing
ground water, and contaminating our sources. Learn about the water
cycle and how to conserve water to preserve this resource for
generations. Water is a unique substance
It is the only substance that exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.
Liquid water can fill any container. It sustains the life of all
living things. It can form into a drop of water or combine into
oceans. What are the ways water can exist as a solid, liquid and
gas on Earth? How is water moved and maintained on Earth?
The unending circulation of the earths water above and below ground
is called the hydrologic or water cycle. The water present on the
earth today is the same water that was formed with the planet
itself. The amount of water cannot be increased or decreased. What
processes drive the Water cycle
Evaporation is when water heats up and changes from liquid to vapor
(Gas). Condensation is when water vapor in the atmosphere cool to
become a liquid. Precipitationis when water that falls from the
clouds. Examples arerain, sleet, hail, and snow. Question Time..
The water cycle
Earth is the only planet in our solar system where water can exists
as a solid, liquid or gas.Because of this unique feature, what
process or activity occurs on Earth? The water cycle Freshwater
flows Underground What properties does Earths soil have that allows
it to absorb water?
Impermeable pore spaces are so close that water can not flow
through it Semi-Permeability pores allow liquids to get between
spaces. Rock becomes soft. Permeability pore spaces allow a liquid
to flow through it. What is groundwater? Fresh water that is held
underground because it has soaked into the ground and percolated
(water that is filter by porous rocks) What is the Water Table?
Zone of aeration pore spaces contain air
the top of the zone ofsaturation where soil or rocks are mostly
filled with water. Zone of saturation pore spaces are filled with
water Water flows underground
Due to gravity, water seeps into the ground and moves downward
until the rock is no longer permeable. The subsurface zone in which
all openings of the rock are filled with water is called the zone
of saturation. This zone is also called an aquifer. The upper
surface of this zone of saturation is called the water table. The
zone that exists between the water table and the ground surface is
called the zone of aeration. In order to be successful, a well must
be drilled into the zone of saturation. Springs occur where water
flows naturally from rock onto the surface of the land. Springs may
seep from places where the water table intersects the land surface.
What type of groundwater feature is an aquifer?
Underground bed orpermeable rock layerthat contains ground water
for wellsand springs etc Types Artesian well- water flow to the
surface naturally because it is under pressure Spring - waterthat
flows to the surface of the earth from underground. It'sa site
where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface. water is
between two permeable layers of rock water is between two
impermeable layers of rock Artesian Well Spring Types of
Aquifers
Wells needs a hole to be dug to access the water. A spring occurs
at the water table so it doesnt need a hole dug. Question Time..
What are two reasons why ground water is important?
1. Groundwater is a significant part of the water cycle, containing
21 percent of Earth's freshwater. Groundwater comprises 97 percent
of fresh water not tied up as ice and snow in polar ice sheets,
glaciers , and snowfields. This greatly exceeds the amount of water
in streams, rivers, and lakes. Groundwater is critically important
in supplying water to streams and wetlands, and in providing water
for irrigation , manufacturing, and other uses. In the United
States, 80 to 90 percent of available fresh water comes from
groundwater. Part 3 Copy the following questions in Cornell note
style
What is the main different between a stream and a river? How are
ponds different from lakes? Where does the water that we drink come
from? If you were the mayor of a city and wanted to conserve water,
what are the two main water usage that you would need to address to
make the greatest impact? To conserve water why would it be better
to take a bath? What is the relationship between a divide and a
basin? What is the difference between a water shade and a
river/drainage basin? What are two natural phenomenas that effect
freshwater quality? Why is lake turnover an important process in
maintaining a health water quality? Why is eutrophication
dangerous/ harmful to a water system? How do humans speed up
eutrophication? Fresh water also flows on the Earths surface Fresh
Water LocationsRivers, Streams, and Lakes
What is a stream? A small channel along which freshwater is
continually flowing down a slopemade of small gullies. What is a
river? A large channel along which water is continually flowing
down a slopemade of many streams that come together. How are ponds
different from lakes?
A ponds is generally smaller, very shallow and has many species of
plants rooted in its muddy bottom. A lake is generally larger and
has water so deep that sunlight is unable to reach its
bottom.Plants grow on the outer edges of lakes. Where does the Our
drinking water come from?
Household water 90 percent of Americans receive drinking water from
a public water supply, such as a city, town or county water
department. Most of this water comes from surface-water sources
like rivers, lakes or reservoirs About 10 percent of Americans
provide water for themselves, most from ground-water sources such
as a well , but some from a cistern, pond or stream. How do we use
our water? Use the charts to the left to
answer the following questions. 1. What is the single greatest use
of water? Municipal water supply 2. How much water is used to water
a golf course? 2% 3. What activity consumes the greatest amount of
water in the home? The toilet 4. To conserving water would it be
better to take a shower or take a bath? Take a bath
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIgO8yg_u0c Waters Journey Whether
your water comes from a ground-water or surface-water source, it
often travels a long distance to get to you. A watershed is the
land area that surrounds or covers a water source. Rain and snow
fall onto divides of basins or watershed and flow into rivers,
lakes or reservoirs. Or, if there is open and undeveloped land, the
water seeps through the soil and lower rock layers to replenish
underground reservoirs called aquifers Divides and Drainage
Basins
What is a divide? The divide is a ridge that allows water to flow
in different directions. What is a drainage basin?
A drainage basin is a an area where all of the water on one side of
a divide flows off the land and drains to a specificcreek, river
orstream. Runoff collects on Earths Surface
River (drainage) Basin: the term used to describe an area that
drains into a large river. St. Lawrence River basin Watershed: the
term used to describe an area that drains into a smaller river or
stream. Natural Phenomena's that effect freshwater quality
Lake Turn Eutrophication Lakes Cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X26ocQkhNH4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCh04Mi6gNo What is lake Turnover?
Lake turnover is the result of the rising and sinking of cold and
warm water layers. The denser water is heavier and will be at the
bottom of a lake while the less dense water is lighter and will
generally be at the top of the lake. During spring and summer the
sun heats the top layer of a lake which causes it to become less
dense. The bottom layer of the lake does not receive sunlight and
therefore remains cold. Since the top layer of the lake is less
dense, it floats on top of the bottom layer and the two do not mix.
In the fall and winter the sunlight is not as strong and the nights
become cooler. The top layer of the lake cools off, becomes heavy
and sinks.This sinking pushes nutrients and minerals up from the
bottom of lake. . The rising and falling of cold and warm pond and
lake water is called turnover. Question Time.. Why is lake turnover
an important process in maintaining a healthy water quality?
Because the freshwater in lakes are isolated and is not replaced by
waterfrom a stream, salts from the minerals that get washed into
the lake will collect and not be removed. So over time the lakes
saline level could increase.The water could also become stagnant
and not be aerated to where the oxygen content is reduced to the
point where it will not support animal life. Lake turnover prevents
the reduction of oxygen levels in a lake by preventing stagnation.
Nitrogen pollution and eutrophication discovery ed What is
eutrophication and why is it dangerous?
Eutrophication is the increase of nutrients(nitrates and
phosphates)in a lake or pond due to the additions of fertilizers or
sewage.This causes a decrease in the oxygen level due toincrease of
scum orphytoplankton in the water. This is dangerous because it
eventually kills fish and other organisms. Eutrophication
Eutrophication normally happens slowly but human activity may speed
it up.The use of fertilizer, laundry detergent and other human
waste contain nitrogen and phosphorus which speed up algae growth.
Water Pollution