(Cereal Crops)
(cereal crops) (rice) Oryza sativa L. (corn) Zea mays L. (sorghum) Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench wheat Tritricum aestivum L. (barley) Hordeum vulgare L. (oats) Avena sativa L.
(Oryza sativa L.)
(USDA) 2551/52 986.19 680 2552/53 976.19 675 2554 2553/54 990.56 ( 1.47) 682 ( 7 1.04)
2551/52 448.07 2552/53 440.35 2554 2553/54 450.68 0.84 0.19 2553/54 10.33 2.35
2552/53 440.353 ( 31.01) ( 20.24) ( 8.26) ( 7.04) ( 5.67) ( 4.60) ( 2.41) ( 2.22)
2553/54 2554 450.681 2552/53 10.328 2.35
2552/53 438.027 2551/52 436.873 1.154 0.26 2554 2553/54 447.399 2552/53 9.372 2.14
2553 ( 2552/53) 31.263 2552 ( 2551/52) 29.253 2.010 6.87 2554 ( 2553/54) 2554 30.145 ( 31.263 ) 1.118 3.58
2553 ( 2552/53) 1 2554 2554 30.145 2553 ( 31.263 ) 1.118 3.58 1
2548 24.2 13.6 9.2 6.1 67,914
: , 2552
: , 2552
: , 2552
: , 2552
2552/2553 32.116 ( 21.197 ) 23.253 ( 15.347 ) 8.863 ( 5.850 ) 2553 9.05 5,345 591 2552 5.36 6.35 1.03 1.80 7.6
/ 2554 2553 2553/54 31.693 ( 20.917 ) 22.177 (14.637 ) 9.516 (6.280 )
(, 2554)
www.oae.go.th
www.oae.go.th
www.oae.go.th
www.oae.go.th
() 2548 - 2551 5,602-5,971 4,612-5,070 2551/52 651 1,430
(Good Agriculture Practice : GAP)
() (WTO)
50 105 6 105 500 - 600 /
() (GAP) WTO
(Japonica rice) (Indica rice)
(: www.irri.org)1. (vegetative: germination to panicle initiation);2. (reproductive: panicle initiation to flowering) 3. (ripening: flowering to mature grain)
() ()
(non-glutinous rice) - - amylose 64-92 % amylopectin 8-36 % (glutinous rice or waxy rice) - - amylose 0-8 % amylopectin 92-100 %
Amylose amylopectinhttp://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/starch.html
(amylose) 70-300 (helix) (amylopectin)
- 17-30% - 1% - 18% - 26%
www.stec.sc.su.ac.th/index.php?sel=8&click=15
1. (upland rice) 2. (lowland rice) 3. (floating rice)
(upland rice) 10
(lowland rice) 80
(floating rice) 1 10
(Deepwater rice in Thailand)
1. 90-100 2. 100-120 3. 120
90-100 100-120 120
1. - - 2. - -
1. ()- - 2. - - -
1 1
www.seasite.niu.edu/.../rice/rice1.htm
1.65 10 15 20
25-30
5-10 3-5 25
30-35
3-5
4 1. (White Rice)2. (Cargo Rice)3. (White Glutinous Rice)4. (Parboiled Rice)
http://www.goldenrice.org/image/silver+gold.jpg
(germinated brown rice GABA-rice)
4 1 1 (Long grain class 1) 7.0 2 2 (Long grain class 2) 6.6 - 7.0 3. 3 (Long grain class 3) 6.2 - 6.6 4. (Short grain) 6.2
. 4000-2546 8 1. 100 12. 100 2 3. 100 34. 5 5. 10 6. 15 7. 8.
6 1. 100 12. 100 23. 100 34. 5 5. 10 6. 15
(Brown plant hopper)http://agserver.kku.ac.th/e-learning/100221/E-Learning100221/detail/insect/rice1.jpg
(http://www.ipmthailand.org/)(http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/NE/brown_lacewing.html) Predators: A predator is an organism that attacks, kills, and feeds on several to many other individuals (its prey) in its lifetime Insect parasites (parasitoids): Larval stages of insect parasites parasitize other insects, killing their hosts just as they mature. Adults are free-living wasps or flies.
(3 P)(http://www.ipmthailand.org/)(http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/NE/brown_lacewing.html)1. (Predators) 2. (Parasites) 3. (Pathogen)
(Predators)
(Bigeyed bugs, Geocoris spp)(Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)
(Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)
(Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)
Aphid midge larva ( Aphidoletes aphidimyza)(Photo by Jack Kelly Clark.)
(Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea) (Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)
(Assassin bugs)(http://www.ipmthailand.org/)
(spider)
(Parasite)
(Egg parasite: Trichogramma spp)(Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)(Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)
(http://www.ipmthailand.org/)
(Tachinid fly)(Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)
(Lysiphlebus testaceipes) (Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)
(Bracon spp)(Photo by Jack Kelly Clark)
(Pathogen) Bacillus thuringiensis Trichoderma sp
http://www.jyi.org/articleimages/208/originals/img0.jpg
The amazing rice terraces of Central Luzon - traditional highland rice cultivationhttp://www.stacey.peak-media.co.uk/Year10/A3EconomicWorld/A3-3Economc Agric-Rice/1880900104.jpg
http://www.rainforestours.com/pictures/flowering%20rice.jpg
Wild rice grains (Zizania palustris L.), with (top) and without lemma and palea (bottom).
