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rL;f] df};d, kfgL klg a9L kg]{ / xfd|f] e|d0f bnsf] 6f]nLdf uPsf tLghgfdWo] bfh' gf/ fo0f u'?sf] :jf:Yo yf]/ } 7Ls gePsfn] pxfFnfO{ df08n] ;x/ df a:g] bfh' / ]zdnfn clwsf/ LsxfF 5f]8]/ dfdf dfwjhL / d To;tkm{ nfUof+} . xfd|f] ;fydf 6fphLdf Jofkf/ u/ ]/ a:g] efO afa'/ fd clwsf/ L klg lyP . h;n] ubf{ gofF 7fpF gofF b]z eP/ klg xfdLnfO{ s'g} cK7]/ f] dx;'; ePg . xfdL ;fFem ^ ah]lt/ ToxfFsf] ;'ljwfo'Qm a;af6 csf]{ lbg laxfg $ ah]lt/ 6fphL k'Uof+} .

6fphL ;x/ Pp6f 7"nf] cUnf] kxf8sf] sfvdf cjl:yt :jR5, ;kmf / ;'Gb/ gu/ L / x]5 . ald{h efiffdf …6fpÚ eg]sf] 7"nf] / …hLÚ eg]sf] kxf8 eGg] cy{ nfUg] / x]5 . To;}n] To;sf] gfdfs/ 0f 6fphL / x]5 . To; ;x/ j/ k/ klg kmf6km'6 g]kfnL a:tL / x]5g\ . ;x/ leq klg g]kfnL d"nsfn] kmf6km'6 k;n rnfP/ a;]sf / x]5g\ . cGo ;x/ df h:tf] oxfF klg ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno, d7dlGb/ x? / x]5g\ . h;n] ubf{ g]kfnL d"nn] ToxfF klg g]kfnLTj arfP/ zfg;Fu a;]sf 5g\ . ToxfFsf] xfjfkfgL / ef}uf]lns jftfj/ 0f em08} xfd|f] b]zsf] kf]v/ f pkTosf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] / x]5 . kfgL nueu lbgx'Fh:tf] kbf]{ / x]5 . k|foM afx|} dlxgf xl/ of] ;fukft / u]8fu'8L kfOFbf]/ x]5 .

ToxfFsf] blIf0ftkm{sf] cUnf] kxf8df r9]/ x]bf{ 6fphL ;x/ sf] b[Zo a8f] / d0fLo b]lvof] . htftt} xl/ ofnL kxf8sf y'Dsfx? 5g\ hxfF a'4sf r}To / :t'kn] kx+]n} ;'gh:tf dlGb/ b]lvG5g\ . ToxfF Pp6f egfO klg / x]5, …ald{hnfO{ kxf8 b]Vg} x'Fb}g, v|L:tfgLnfO{ d}bfg b]]Vg} x'Fb}g eGg] . clnslt kxf8sf y'Dsf b]Vof] ls ToxfF a'4sf kx]+n} dlGb/ . ;fFemdf of] b[Zo t hlt x]/ ] klg x]l// x'Fh:tf] . dfgf}+ dnfO{ t stf–stf ;jf/ Lsf]6sf] 6'Kkfaf6 bfª pkTosfsf] b[Zofjnf]sg u/ ]h:tf] nfUof] . t/ s] ug]{ sxfF 6fphLsf] kxf8 sxfF ;jf/ Lsf]6sf] kxf8 . ljsf; lgdf{0fn] t'ng} ug{ gldNg] .

6fphL ;x/ af6 !%–!^ lsld tn kmfF6df adf{ d'n'ssf] k|l;4 OGn] n]s kbf]{/ x]5 . 6fphL ;x/ sf] dgf]/ d a;fOkl5 ToxfFsf] ax'rlr{t 7fpF OGn] n]stkm{ xfd|f] ofqf z'? eof] . z'?df t kf]v/ fsf] km]jf / j]ugf; tfnsf] af]l6ª u/ ]/ :jfb rflv;s]sfn] s] ug]{ xf] dfdfhL eg]/ k|:tfj / fv+] . dfdf dfwjhLn] d]/ f] k|:tfj dfGg' ePg . efO afa'/ fdn] xfF:b} eg], sfsf sxfF tkfOFx?sf] km]jf tfn sxfF oxfFsf] OGn]n]s Û eg]/ xfF:b} hjfkm lbP .

;+of]ujz / ftel/ kfgL k/ ] klg To; lbgel/ 606nfk'/ 3fd nfUof] . efO afa'/ fdn] laxfg sl/ a ( ah]lt/ OGn] ahf/ sf] Pp6f xf]6ndf nu]/ cfkm\gf] uf8L / fv] . ToxL xf]6ndfkm{t\ ald{h efiffdf s'/ f u/ ]/ Pp6f h]g]6/ af6 rNg] 8'+uf -h;nfO{ ald{h efiffdf …ls:tLÚ eGbf]/ x]5g\_ a's ul/ xfn] . rfns;lxt xfdL tLghgfn] l/ he{ u¥of}+ ;fob b'O{xhf/ ?lkofF lnof] Sof/ ] .

em08} % 306fsf] @%–#) lsld 6f9fsf] hnofqf z'? u¥of}+ xfdLn] . hlt cufl8 a9\of] plt / dfOnf] 5 . htftt} kfgLsf] ulx/ f] dxf;fu/ 5 . bfofF afofF htf x]¥of] cfFvfsf] b[li6n] EofpFbf;Dd kfgL–kfgL 5 . ;of}+ 8'+ufx? cfjthfjt ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . ljb]zL ko{6sx?sf] 3'OFrf] 5 . st} 8'+ufjfnfn] dHhfn] v'§fn] 8'+uf lvofP/ hfn xfGb} df5f dfl/ / x]sf 5g\ . ToxL kfgLsf] ;fu/ df dflg;x?n] 7"nf–7"nf sf7sf ;fgbf/ sf 3/ x? agfP/ a:tLx? a;fn]sf 5g\ . ;a}sf cf–cfkm\gf 3/ cufl8 Ps b'Oj6f 8'+ufx? 8f]/ Ln] afFw]/ / fv]sf 5g\ . dfgf}+, ;x/ ahf/ df a:g]x?sf 3/ cufl8 df]6/ ;fOsn, uf8L cflb oftfoftsf ;fwg Uof/ ]hdf / fv]h:t} . ToxL a:tLdf :s"n, c:ktfn, a}+s cflbsf sf/ f]af/ klg rn]s} 5g\ . afF;sf nfdf–nfdf 3f/ fx? la5\ofP/ ltgnfO{ 8f]/ Ln] stf–stf afFw]/ c8\ofPsf 5g\ / cf–cfkm\gf] Pl/ ofsf] Knl6ª u/ ]sf 5g\ . b]Vbf v]tsf u/ fsf cfnLh:tf efg x'G5 . ToxL afF;sf] cfF7fdf kfgLdf nfUg] ;]jfnLnfO{ l8n agfP/ To;dfly v]tL u/ ]/ ;f/ f dfgja:tLnfO{{ g} x/ fe/ f agfPsf 5g\ . ljz]if u/ L 6df6/ -h;nfO{ ald{h efiffdf v§f a}u'g elgG5_ ef06f, nf}sf, af]8L / kfgLufef cflb k|z:t} b]lvG5 . tL t/ sf/ L l6Kg] afF;sf x]u|f xfNg], / f]Kg], uf]8\g] ahf/ nu]/ a]Rg] cflb ;Dk"0f{ sfd ToxL 3/ cufl8 / fv]sf 8'+ufaf6 x'Fbf]/ x]5 . cfu]{lgs / kfgLdfly rL;f] 7fpFdf kmn]/ xf]nf hldgdf kmn]sf] t/ sf/ LeGbf ltgsf] ahf/ d"No klg cln a9L x'Fbf]/ x]5 .

oL ;a b[Zo b]Vbf xfdL hldgdf u'l8/ x]sf 5f+} ls kfgLdf u'l8/ x]sf 5f}+ dnfO{ t 5'6\ofpg klg ufx|f] kf] nfUYof] . cflv/ kfgLdfly klg ;Dk"0f{ hLjg olt ;xh / ;lhn/ L rn]s} b]lvG5 . oL ;f/ f b[Zox? b]Vbf

u/ ] h] klg t x'Fbf]/ x]5 eGg] dx;'; eof] xfdLnfO{ . clnk/ kfgLdfly ePsf] uf}td a'4sf] a8]dfgsf] dlGb/ cufl8 uP/ ?Sof}+ . hxfF ;'gsf] n]k r9fpgsf] nflu dflg;x?sf] le8ef8 5 . xfdL Psl5g ?s]/ oL ;a b[Zox? x]b}{ uof}+ . Psl5gkl5 Jofkfl/ s a:tL ePsf] 7fpFlt/ uof}+ . jdf{ d'n's ?lj / kTy/ x?sf] k|rlnt 7fpF eP/ xf]nf ToxfF w]/ }h;f] ?ljsf k;nx? 5g\ . hxfF ljb]zLx?sf] x]g]{ / lsgd]n ug]{sf] le8e8fsf b]lvG5 . a9LeGbf a9L ljb]zL ko{6s cfpg] eP/ xf]nf . cGoqsf] eGbf ToxfFsf] Jofkf/ , xf]6n, t/ sf/ L cflb cGo Jofkf/ ;a} dx+uf] x'Fbf]/ x]5 . s'g}–s'g} ?ljsf kTy/ x? a]Rg] k;n cufl8 kfx'gfsf] :jfutdf b'O{lt/ b'O{hgf nfdf 3fF6L ePsf nfd3f/ ] s]6Lx? tDtof/ 5g\ . ltgLx?n] w]/ } lgpl/ g gag] klg cfkm\gf] efiffdf gd:t] u/ ]/ leq hfg] Ozf/ f u5{g\ .

ltgLx? cf7 jif{ k'u]kl5 3fF6Ldf Pp6f l/ ª l5/ fpFbf / x]5g\ . To;kl5 k|To]s $–$ jif{df !–! j6f yKb} hfFbf / x]5g\ . d}n] slxn]sfxL+ Tof] nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf dlxnfnfO{ lhof]u|flkmsn l6eL Rofgndf b]v]sf] lyPF . ToxfF k|ToIf b]Vg] df}sf ldNof] . dfdf dfwjhLn] ltgsf] gd:t]n] dg kUn]/ xf]nf leq k;]/ a'9LnfO{ v'zL kfg{'k¥of] lg eg]/ b'O{ yfg ?ljsf kTy/ ePsf cf}+7L;d]t lsGg EofOxfNg'eP5 . d]/ f] kfnf] cln k/ sf] xf]h]/ L pBf]uleq k;]/ cfdf / >LdtLhLnfO{ Pp6f ;n / Pp6f unaGbL lslgxfn]+ . n ca t tkfOF / d]/ f] a/ fa/ eof] lg eGbf pxfF lvTsf 5f]8]/ xfF:g'eof] . o:t} b[Zo x]b}{ xfd|f] hnofqf cufl8 a9\of] .

ToxfF a:g] dflg;x?n] d[To'kl5 nfznfO{ Pp6f u?+uf] sf7sf] aS;fleq / fv]/ Kjfn kf/ ]/ ToxL ulx/ f] kfgLsf] tnfpdf xflnlbg] / x]5g\ . ;fob ToxfF kfgLdf ePsf df5f / hgfj/ n] vfG5g\ xf]nf . To;}n] To; n]s j/ k/ sf df5fx? xfd|f g]kfnL d"nsf ald{h lxGb"x?n] gvfg] / x]5g\ .

lbgsf] 606nfk'/ 3fd ToxfFsf] s/ La afx| klg alh;s]5 Sof/ ] xfdLn] xfd|f] ls:tLnfO{ ToxfFsf] Pp6f / fd|f] xf]6n cufl8 / f]Sof}+ . :d/ 0f / xf]; hxfF–hxfF 8'+uf / f]Sof] ToxfF ToxfFsf Jofkfl/ s dflg;x? !–@ hgf kfx'gfsf] :jfutsf] lglDt lng cfpFbf / x]5g\ . xfdLx? To; xf]]6nleq l5/ ]/ z'4 ;fsfxf/ L vfgf vfof}+ . lsgls cufl8sf] egfOn] df5f vfg cln dg klg km's]g . To;kl5 ToxfF Psl5gsf] cf/ fdkl5 xfdLn] xfd|f] 8'+ufnfO{ cfkm" r9]sf] OGn] ahf/ lt/ 5'§} ?6af6 kmsf{of}+ . ToxfFsf] kfgL l5rf]NgnfO{{ lbgel/L af]l6ª u/ ] klg g;lsbf]/ x]5 . o; OGn] n]saf6 lgSn]sf] kfgLaf6 ;Dk"0f{ adf{ d'n'snfO{ k'Ug] cfwf hlt lah'nL pTkfbg x'Fbf]/ x]5 . o;/ L kfgLdflysf] crDd} nfUg] hLjgz}nL olt ;lhn/ L lalt/ x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} ultljlwx? x]bf{ st} xfdL kfgLdflysf] ofqf gu/ ]/ hldgdfly t 5}gf+} eGg] e|d nfUg] .

hxfF ;of} 8'+ufsf gfpx? d5jf/ x?n] / f]huf/ L kfPsf 5g\ . s[lif ug]{n] u/ ]s} 5g\ . Jofkf/ ug]{n] u/ ]s} 5g\ . crDd} nfUg] kfgL dflysf] hLjgz}nL klg slt Jo:t xf] . oL ;a ultljlw x]bf{ ;fFlRrs} a'4sf] rdTsf/ t oxL xf] ls eGg] nfU5 . ckl;hgafx]s l;hgsf] a]nf oxfFsf xf]6n / ]i6'/ ]G6x? klg ;fx} dx+uf x'Fbf/ x]5g\ . wgL b]zsf ko{6sh:tf ToxfF / ft latfpg], l/ NofS; ug]{ / x]5g\ . cflv/ xfdL e'Ss8 b]zsf ko{6s g 7xl/ of}+ . oL ;a ultljlw x]b}{ vf;} s]xL lsgd]n gu/ L $–% 306fsf] OGn]n]ssf] hnofqf ;sL k'gM xfdL OGn] ahf/ cfOk'Uof} .

To;lbg ;fFem ^ ah]lt/ df08n]sf] / fqLa;sf] l6s6 lsg]/ xfdLn] cl3Nnf] lbg g} vNtLdf / flv;s]sf lyof}+ . k'gM ToxfFaf6 uf8L r9]/ 6fphLsf] a;kfs{ cfOk'Uof} +. Toxfsf] a;kfs{sf] g]kfnL d"nsf] xf]6njfnf sxfF cfP/ emf]nf / fVof+} . Psl5gsf] enfs';f/ L / lrof gf:tfkl5 efO afa'/ fd ToxL xf]6njfnf ;fx'nfO{ ;a} cx|fOk/ fO{ u/ L xfdL;Fu labfaf/ L eO{ k'gM cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ ;dfNg 6fphL ;x/ tkm{ nfu] . s/ La @ 306f a;sf] k|tLIffdf xfdL ToxL xf]6ndf latfof}+ .

ToxL aLrdf OGn] n]ssf] e"t nfu]h;/ L dfdf dfwjhL t PsfPs l;l/ o; x'g yfNg'eof] . lbpF;f] xfjf / kfgLdf ofqf ubf{ pxfFsf b'v]sf sfgdf skf; / fVg la;{g'eP5 Sof/ ] o;}n] xf]nf sfgdf xfjf k;]/ af]Ng} 5f8\g'eof] . lbpF;f]sf] Tolt dhfsf] ofqf xfdLnfO{ t Ps}l5gdf l;l/ o; kf] agfof] . pxfFn] nfdf] ofqfdf OlG6jfof]l6s / cfjZos cf}iflwsf] ;f]rkfr ug'{ePsf] / x]5 . Tof] vfPsf] cfwf 306fkl5 aNn pxfFsf] cg'xf/ df d':sfg 5fpg nfUof] . aNn xfd|f ukm z'? eP sxfF xfd|f b]zsf km]jf / j]ugf; tfn sxfF 6fphLsf] OGn] n]s Ps 5]p klg t'ng} ug{ g;lsg] .

s/ La ;fFem & ah] xfdL a;kfs{leq l5¥of}+ . xfdL a;]sf] xf]6njfnf ;fx'n] xfd|f] a; nfUg] 7fpF b]vfOlbP . n'lDagL oftfoft n]v]sf ;'ljwf;DkGg a;x? rNbf/ x]5g\ . rfG;jz xfd|f] l6s6 klg To;}sf] / x]5 . n'lDagL oftfoft b]v]/ stf–stf cfkm\g} 7fpFsf] ofb cfof] . a'4sf] hGde"ldsf] gfddf klg ald{hx?nfO{ oqf] dfof / x]5 . c;nL a'4sf e"ldsf xfdLn] a'4nfO{ cfh;Dd lrGg ;s]s} / x]g5f}+ . a'4 g]kfndf hGd]/ klg c;nL a'4Tj t oxfF ald{hx?n] kfPsf] b]Vof}+ . a'4sf] hGde"ldsf xfdL eP/ s] ug]{ c;nL a'4Tj / zflGt / pgsf] lrGtg b]Vg km]l/ klg oxfF cfpg] OR5f / fVb} xfdL csf]{ lbg laxfg ^ ah] bfh' gf/ fo0f u'? ePsf] 7fpF df08n] ;x/ cfOk'Uof+} .w

cjsfzk|fKt k|wfg;]gfklt Pjd\ k|r08sf08sf d'Vo JolQm ?Sdfª\ut s6jfnsf] ax'k|ltlIft cfTdsyf ahf/ df cfPkl5 ;dLIffsf] ahf/ b'O{ tj/ n] tfTof] . Psyl/ cu/ aQL af]s]/ g} pgnfO{ gdM gdM ug{tkm{ nfu] eg] csf]{tkmL{ ;Qf];/ fkdf . ;flxlTos d"Nosf lx;fan] s'g} cy{ g/ fVg] eP tfklg

;flxTosf] ahf/ nfO{ eg] k':tsn] lgs} k|efj kf¥of] .

…3f]:6 / fO6/ Úsf ?kdf ls/ 0f e08f/ Ln] n]v]sf] k':tssf snfTds kIfeGbf klg ljifout kIfsf af/ ]df a9L rrf{ kl/ rrf{ ePsf] 5 . cfTdsyfsf] ljz]iftf g} ljifo xf] snfTds s'/ f o;df Tolt k|efjk"0f{ dflgb}g . cfTdsyf jf:tljs ef]ufOsf] km]xl/ :t xf], hxfF tYox? Pskl5 csf]{ hf]l8P/ cfPsf x'G5g\ . t/ s6jfnsf] cfTdsyfn] ;Totfsf] 3]/ f gf3]/ :j}/ sNkgfdf cfwfl/ t pkGof;h:tf] sfNklgs s'/ fnfO{ lnlka4 u/ ]sf] 5 . Oltxf;;Fu Ps lx;fan] hf]l8Psf 36gfnfO{ clt/ l~ht u/ ]/ cfkm"nfO{ …kl/ jt{gsfdL qmflGtsf/ LÚsf?kdf lrq0f u/ ]/ pgn] sfNklgs p8fg e/ ]sf 5g\ . lj8Dagf Û klqsfdf 5l/ Psf ;dLIffx?n] hah{:t?kdf pgsf] sNkgfnfO{ jf:tljstfsf] / 6fg nufO/ x]sf 5g\ . ToxL 36gfqmdaf6 g} ultnf] tj/ n] d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;lsG5 ls xfd|f] ;dLIffsf] k|j[lQ s'g dfu{tkm{ al9/ x]sf] 5 . o;df csf]{lt/ sltko ;dLIfsx? eg] pgsf s]xL k':tssf q'l6k"0f{ c+zx?nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ k':tssf] u'0fj]Qf;Fu hf]8]/ …P]ltxfl;s v/ fa cfTdsyfÚsf] / 6fg klg nufPsf 5g\ . ;dLIffleqsf] of] cGtå{Gå Pp6f pbfx/ 0f dfq xf] . Psfw ckjfbnfO{ 5f8]/ g]kfndf k':ts ;dLIffsf] …6]«gÚ x]g]{ xf] eg] of] :t'ltufg of ;Qf];/ fkeGbf clxn];Dd cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g .

o'4sf] ;do aGb's af]s]/ lx8]sf bLklzvf clxn] cIf/ lzNkLsf ?kdf pbfPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL o'4sf] …zAb Jofkf/ Ú :j?k pgsf] / ft km'n]sf] ofd pkGof; k|sfzg eO;s]sf] 5 . clxn] klqsfdf 5l/ Psf ;dLIffsf 7]nL kN6fpg] xf] eg] To;df klg b'O{ wf/ sf] k|ltlglwTj b]Vg ;lsG5 . klxnf] wf/ dfcf]jfbL o'4nfO{ b]Vg} grfxg], h;n] k':tssf ;a} kfgf / fd|f];Fu kN6fpg;d]t dg ub{}gg\ . csf]{ dfcf]jfbL o'4sf] hohosf/ ug]{ . o;/ L b'O{ wf/ af6 ;dLIff kl9/ xFbf kf7sdf cGof]nsf] afbn d8fl/ / x]sf] kfpF5f}+ . k':tssf] ljifoj:t' / lzNk kIfeGbf klg l;4fGt ldn]sf] of gldn]sf] eg]/ cfFsng ug]{ ul/ G5 . k|hftflGqs ;f]r af]s]sf] dfG5]n] o'4 / åGåsf k':ts hlt;'s} pTs[i6 eP klg vf]6 nufP/ } 5f8\5, cGosf] klg ;f]xL cj:yf xf] .

s]xL demwf/ af6 klg ;dLIff ePsf] 5 t/ Tof] gu0o dfqfdf dfq b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;fdfGo kf7s dfq xf]Og, k|j'4 kf7s;d]t clxn]sf] ;dLIff …6«]gÚaf6 s'g / fd|f], s'g g/ fd|f] eGg] cGof]ndf ?dlNnPsf 5g\ .

ef/ tLo n]vs / fhz]v/ n] ;dLIffsf] af/ ]df n]v]sf 5g\, …;dLIffn] a|XdfhLn] gb]v]sf], ghfg]sf] klg b]Vg / hfGg ;Qm5 / a|XdfhL eGbf klg ;'IdbzL{ x'G5 .Ú clxn] gfd rn]sf uGg] dfGg] ;dLIfssf ;dLIff k9]/ k':ts lsGg] k|rng Jofks aGb} uPsf] 5 . cem ljz]ifu/ L df]km;nsf kf7sx?sf nflu / fli6«o klqsfdf 5flkg] ;dLIff g} k':ts lsGg] cfwf/ x'g\ . lj8Dagf Û ;dLIffleq a9\b} uPsf] …b'lift / fhgLltÚn] clxn] kf7sx?df cGof]n;Fu} lg/ fzf 5fPsf] 5 . klqsfdf rNtLsf ;dLIfsn] …pTs[i6Ú bfjL u/ ]sf] k':ts b'O÷rf/ kfgfeGbf a9L kN6fpg g;lsPkl5 kf7sx?sf] 6fpsf] b'vfO ;'? ePsf] xf] .

k':ts ;dLIffsf nflu k|sfzsx?sf] rnv]n;Fu} ;dLIfssf nflu k':ts pkxf/ lbg] k|j[lQ g} o;sf] klxnf] sf/ 0f xf] . clxn] k':ts k|sfzg klg …skf]{/ ]6Úsf ?kdf pbfpFb}5 . ahf/ df s;/ L ;fdfg laqmL ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] / 0fgLltcg';f/ k|sfzsx?n] vfdleq pkxf/ 6qmfpFb} rNtLsf cyf{t\ kf7ssf] ljZjf; sdfPsf ;dLIfsx?nfO{ ;dLIff n]vfpg] k|rng Jofks aGb} uPsf] 5 . k|sfzs / n]vssf] / 0fgLltcg';f/ x'g] / fqL a;fO of vfdaGbLn] ;dLIfsnfO{ g}ltstfleq cg'aGwg u/ ]sf] x'G5 . kmntM hlt;'s} em'/ k':ts klg ;dLIffdf ;'Gb/ kf/ ]/ rf]Vofpg] ul/ G5 . sltko ;dLIfssf nflu of] k|j[lQ cfDbfgLsf] ultnf] >f]t;d]t aGb} uPsf] 5 . csf]{ s'/ f, n]vsx?sf aLrdf x'g] …cd{kd{Úsf] k|j[lQ klg xf] . Pp6f n]vsn] k':ts

k|sfzg ubf{ csf]{ n]vsn] To;sf] ;sf/ fTds ;dLIffn] k|j4{g ul/ lbg] clg km]l/ Tof] n]vsn] cfkm"nfO{ nufPsf] u'0f k"lt{ ul/ lbg] o;k|sf/ sf] k|j[lQ klg xfjL 5 g]kfnL ;dLIffsf] ahf/ df .

;dLIff g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ahf/ df kl5Nnf]k6s b]lvPsf] n]vgL xf] . o;nfO{ ljifo, ljwf / ;Gbe{ut ?kdf ljleGg tj/ n] n]Vg ;lsg] eP tfklg k':tssf] jf:tljs kl/ rosf ?kdf o;sf] k|efj a9L dfGg ;lsG5 . c;n / sd;n k':tssf] u'0fj]Qf 5'6\ofpg] dxTjk"0f{ s;Lsf ?kdf kf7sn] ;dLIffnfO{ lng] ub{5g\ . t/ kl5Nnf] ;dLIffsf] k|j[lQnfO{ x]bf{ t6:y?kn] ;dLIff ug]{ ;dLIfsx? cf}+nfdf uGg ;lsg]dfq 5g\ . g]kfnL ;flxTosf dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] cfkm\gf] dxfsfJo zfs'Gtndf e"ldsf n]Vg] ;Gbe{df ;dLIffsf] ljifonfO{ lgs} dxTjk"0f{ ?kn] p7fPsf 5g\–

x'g t ;dLIfssf] 5]8 st} s'Ts'TofpF5, lrnfpg] 7fpFdf sGofOlbG5, st} lnvf k/ ]sf] 7fpFdf 7'ª df5{, 3fp lrl/ lbG5, / fn l;ªfg k'5\b5 . Jofs/ 0fn] ts'{Nof aw{Gofsf] bfofF afofFsf] 3'D6f] 7fpF–7fpFdf ldn]g eg]/ gfs r]K¥ofpg] cjsfz sxL+ kfpnf . t/ / l;s cs{} rLhdf / dfpnf .

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;dLIffsf] lhDd]jf/ L k+lQmsf/ nfO{ k/ ]sf] lyof] . k':tssf] ljifoj:t', zLNk / snfut kIfsf ljleGg sdhf]/ Lsf sf/ 0f k':ts ;dLIff ug]{ hfFu/ knfPsf] lyPg . t/ / ftlbg ;fyLsf] cfu|x -cg'go<_ kl5 k':ts ;dLIff ug]{ afWotf cfOk¥of] . k':ts ;dLIff ubf{ ;fyLsf] dg / fVg] of kf7ssf] dg lhTg] låljwfdf cNdlnPkl5 kf7ssf] dg lhTg] s'/ fsf] g} afx'Notf eof] / k':tssf] jf:tljs ;dLIff klqsfdf k|sflzt eof] . kf7s t k':tssf] x}l;ot ;xL 9+un] lgwf{/ 0f u/ ]sf]df ubub eP . t/ ;fyL eg] d}n] clxn];Dd u'dfPsf] 5' . k':ts lgsfNg eg]kl5 pT;flxt x'g] tL ;fyLn] ;f] k':ts ;dLIff k5fl8 clxn];Dd klg k':ts k|sfzgsf nflu lxDdt ug{ eg] ;s]sf 5}gg\ . clxn] k':ts k|sfzg eO;s]kl5 s'g} sfo{qmddf xf];\ of klqsfdf cfkm"lgs6 JolQmaf6 ;dLIff u/ fpg] ;+:sf/ km}nbf] 5 . ;fyLTjsf] u'0f ltg{sf nflu eP klg ;dLIffsf dfWodaf6 km"na'§f el/ lbg] ePsfn] o;k|sf/ sf] ;+:sf/ al9/ x]sf] cfFSg ;lsG5 . n]vsx?n] ;dLIfssf] e'm6f] tfl/ kmn] cfkm\gf] n]vgL em'/ tkm{ cufl8 al9/ x]sf] jf:tljstf :jLsfg]{ lxDdt ug{ eg] ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

;+;f/ df k|sflzt x'g] ;a} k':ts pTs[i6 x'g'kb{5 eGg] 5}g . bh{gf}+ k':ts n]v]sf dxfslj b]asf]6fsf ;d]t ;Lldt k':tsdfq rrf{df / x]sf 5g\ . xf], n]vsn] k':ts n]Vg] a]nfdf cfkm\gf] k':ts rrf{sf] lzv/ df x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;f]r / fVg'kb{5 . t/ , of] ;w}+ / ;a}sf nflu ;Dej x'G5 eg] 5}g . kNk;f Sofkm]af6 Jofj;flos n]vgLsf] g]t[Tj u/ ]sf gf/ fo0f jfUn]sf] dxTjfsf+IfL s[lt do"/ 6fOD; ahf/ df lanfP/ uof] . …Ps xftsf] tfnLÚ lgaGw s[ltaf6 dbg k'/ :sf/ kfPsf lgaGwsf/ o'j/ fh gofF3/ ]sf kl5Nnf lgaGw ;+u|xx?n] k':ts k;nsf ¥ofs dfq e/ ]sf 5g\ . o:tf sof} pbfx/ 0f 5g\, h;n] r'd]sf] prfO u'dfO/ x]sf 5g\ . ;a} n]vs u'?k|;fb d}gfnL aGg ;Qm}gg\ . lsgls n]vsdf d}gfnLh:t} yf]/ } / / fd|f] n]Vg]eGbf h:tf] eP klg w]/ } n]Vg] ;+:sf/ df}nfpFbf] 5 . gofF / ev{/ n]vgLdf cfPsfx?df cfkm\gf] k':ts h] h:tf] eP klg ;dLIffdf eg] pTs[i6tfsf] ku/ L u'Yg] xtf/ f] x'g] ub{5 . k':ts n]Vg] a]nfdf eGbf ;dLIffsf a]nfdf ha n]vsn] 6fpsf] b'vfpg'kb{5 eg] a'em\g'k5{ Tof] n]vssf] n]vgLn] klZrdsf] kxf8 5'g cfFl6;Sof] .

;dLIff ;Totfsf] km]/ ;dft]/ cufl8 a9]sf] x'G5 . ;To ;w} lttf] x'G5 . ToxL lttf] ;TonfO{ cfTd;ft gug]{x?sf] ;dfhdf ;Ddfg x'G5 . t/ slxNo} ;Totfsf] af6f] lx8\g] ;dLIfssf] ;Ddfg ePsf] xfdLn] b]v]sf 5}gf}+ . ;dLIfsnfO{ k|efj kfg{sf nflu s]xL k};f x'g]jfnf n]vsx?n] ljleGg k'/ :sf/ sf] :yfkgf;d]t u/ ]sf 5g\ . ToxL ¥ofn r'xfOdf pgLx? ;dLIfsaf6 cfkm"nfO{ ;jf]{Ts[i6 n]vssf ?kdf 3f]if0ff u/ ]sf] ;'Gg, k9\g / b]Vg rfxG5g\ . clxn] ToxL k'/ :sf/ sf] k|nf]egdf ;dLIfsx?n] k|z+;fufgnfO{ ;dLIffsf] d'Vo k|j[lQsf ?kdf :yflkt u/ fpg] w[i6tf ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . o;}sf] k|ltkmn pRrsf]6Lsf t6:y ;dLIfsx? la:tf/ } lsgf/ f nfUb} PSnf] aGb} uPsf 5g\ . t6:y ;dLIff u/ ]sf] b]Vg g;Sg] Ps hdftn] To;k|sf/ sf ;dLIfsdfly ;fd"lxs cfqmd0f ug{;d]t cu|;/ ePsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . h'g ;dLIfs k'/ :s[t eO/ x]sf] x'G5 xfdL 7f8} a'em\g ;S5f}+ …bfndf s]xL sfnf] 5 .Ú

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g]kfnL ;dLIffsf] Oltxf; Tolt nfdf] 5}g . t/ g]kfnL ;flxTosf] pj{/ ;donfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] Tof] ;dodf ;dLIffsf] k|j[lQ lgs} cfqmfds / t6:y / x]sf] kfpg ;lsG5 . alnof] / t6:y ;dLIffs} sf/ 0f gAa]sf] bzs k5fl8sf] ;flxTo pj{/ ePsf] xf] ls < eg]/ nv sf6\g ;lsG5 . g]kfnL ;flxTosf v/ f ;dLIfsx? / fds[i0f zdf{, ;"o{ljqmd 1jfnL / ob'gfy vgfnx?sf] k|j[lQeGbf klg clxn] df]tL/ fd e§sf] h:tf] PsfTds / …km"na'§]Ú ;dLIffsf] a9L k|e'Tj eO/ x]sf] 5 . s'g} klg s[ltnfO{ t6:y cfFvfn] x]g'{ g} jf:tljs ;dLIff xf] . ;flxTo n]vgLnfO{ sdhf]/ of k|efjzfnL s:tf] agfpg] eGg] s'/ fsf] …OlG8s]6/ Ú ;dLIff g} xf] . s'g} klg 7fpFsf] ;flxTosf] cj:yf / :t/ a'em\gsf nflu Tof] 7fpFsf] ;dLIffsf] …6«]gÚnfO{ x]/ ]dfq klg sfkmL x'G5 .

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o;df ;}4flGts s;L ;'Id 9+un] nufpg'kg]{ x'G5 . Psflt/ ;}4flGts 1fg / csf{lt/ ;dLIff ug'{kg]{ k':tssf] kq–kq s]nfP/ dfq} jf:tljs ;dLIff ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ , xfd|f ;dLIfsx? s;}n] pkxf/ df k':ts lbof] eg] dfq ;dLIffsf nflu lbdfu rnfpF5g\ . o;/ L s'g} k':ts cWoog u/ ]/ To;jf6 k|efljt eP/ of k':tsn] cfsif{0f ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;dLIff n]Vg] :jefj ;ldIfsx?;Fu 5}g . s;}sf] cfu|x of k':ts pkxf/ kZrft\ dfq ;dLIff n]Vg] k|rng 5 . o;n] ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ / fd|f] gnfu]sf] k':tssf] ;d]t rrf{ ug'{kg]{ afWotf x'G5 . h;af6 ;dLIfsn] k"/ } k':tssf] cWoog ug'{eGbf klg To;sf] cfj/ 0f / e"ldsfsf cfwf/ df ;dLIff n]Vg] ub{5g\ . o;/ L sn]j/ sf cfwf/ df n]lvg] ;dLIffsf] t's slt x'G5 < ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . cGo l;h{gfh:t} ha k':tssf] cWoogkZrft\ :jlg0f{oaf6 n]vsn] ;dLIff n]V5 eg] dfq To;df jf:tljstf / t6:ytfsf] ;'jf; dudufPsf] kfpg ;S5f}+ . pkxf/ df kfPsf k':ts kfP dfq ;dLIff n]Vg]n] s:tf] ;dLIff n]V5g\ < o;sf] ljj]rgf ;a}n] ug{ ;S5f}+ .

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oxfF x'g] ljleGg ;dLIff sfo{qmddf klg k':tssf] ;kf6 lrq ptfg'{eGbf n]vssf] cgfjZos k|z+;fufg ug]{ ul/ G5 . / fli6«o:t/ sf sfo{qmddf v/ f] tj/ n] ;dLIff u/ ]/ rrf{ a6'n]sf gf/ fo0f g]kfn / 6Lsf/ fd pbf;Lh:tf lj1 ;dLIfssf] n]vgL cvaf/ df eg] dTy/ ePsf] kfOG5 . cGo Psfw / fd|f] g/ fd|f] dHhfn] vf]6 nufpg ;Sg] v/ f ;dLIfs eP klg pgLx?df klg :t'ltufgsf] 3]/ f kf/ ug]{ ;fdYo{ cem}+ cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . sljtf n]v]s} cfwf/ df sljtfsf] ;dLIff / lgaGw n]v]s} cfwf/ df lgaGwsf] ;dLIff ug]{ k|sf/ sf cToGt …afn;'neÚ k|j[lQ klg oxfFsf] ;dLIffdf e]l6G5 . bfªsf] ;flxTosf] nfdf] ofqfdf ultnf] ;flxlTos s[lt cfpg g;Sg'sf] Pp6f sf/ 0fleq o;nfO{ klg lng ;lsG5 .

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gfpFdf . ptf ufpFdf ;''/ fsLsf] cf/ f]kdf hgsfaf{xL / ;kmfof . ;/ sf/ L ;~rf/ dfWod eGy], ;of} cft+ssf/ L dfl/ P . ljb|f]xLx? eGy], / Qmlkkf;''x?nfO{ ;kmfof ul/ of] . s;}n] b]zn] lht]sf] s''/ f ub{}gy] . g]kfnL o''jfx?sf nflu >d / kl;gf aufpg] 7fpF lyPg . a:tL–a:tL o''4sf] w'''jfFn] ?dlnb} lyof] . ToxL a:tLdWo] ?s''d afFkmLsf]6 klg ToxL lgzfgfdf lyof] . afFkmLsf]6sf ;of}+ o''jf sf]xL qmflGtsf gfpFdf hg;]gflt/ sf]xL o''jf zflGtsf gfpFdf zfxL ;]gflt/ . o:t}df ljeQm lyof] ;dfh . ToxL ljeQm ;dfhdf ?dlNn/ x]sf lyP, dgaxfb''/ vqL .

rfnL;sf] cf/ Dedf afFkmLsf]6df hlGdPsf vqL b]zdf ljsf; / / f]huf/ Lsf] cj;/ rfxGy] . t/ Tof] a]nf pgsf] ljrf/ sf] k|efj z"Go lyof] . htf x]¥of] ufpF hn]sf] >Jo b[Zo pgsf cfFvf sfgdf 7f]ls/ xGy] . ufpFdf a;L ;Sg'' lyPg, s]xL ;Lk / d]xgt u/ ]/ . pgLleq 56k6fx6 lyof], oBlk To;sf] k|ltsf/ ug{] pgsf] nfOgdf sf]xL x''Fb}gy] . ufpFsf] rng of afWotf !$ jif{sf] pd]/ d} dg geP/ klg dgaxfb''/ n] 3/ hd u/ ] .

pgL si6s/ hLjgleq hLjgsf gofF uf]/ ]6f]df 56k6fx6sf] cf]vtL vf]Hg cufl8 nfu] . %& lt/ s} ;do x''g''k5{, pgL ufpFsf] sd{ 3fF;kft ;f]Q/ :ofpnfdf Jo:t lyP . Pslbg pgL em''nf uflj;sf] ufFh]kfvf k''u]sf lyP bfp/ fsf] vf]hLdf . pgsf] cfFv} cufl8 l;:g] lxdfnsf] ch+usf] ;f}Gbo{ em''lNs/ x]sf] lyof], cfsfz} 5]8\nfh:tf] . l;:g] -d''s''{§f_ sf] ;f}Gbo{df pgL ;Ddf]lxt eP/ lgofln/ x] . ufpFdf ;''g]sf lyP, ;Tsd{ u/ ] :ju{ k''luG5 . :ju{ k''Ug] af6f] oxL l;:g] lxdfnsf] r''r''/ f] t xf]Og < o:t} sNkgfsf] nf]sdf pgL x/ fP .

sf7df08f}+sf sfnf rZdfx?nfO{ dgaxfb'/ sf] :ju{ l;:g] sxfF k5{ yfxf lyPg . pgLx?sf] 3''Dg] d]rdf lkmlhPsf] g]kfnsf] l;:g] t d''u'' / h''Dnfsf] aLrdf kg{] sfl~h/ f]jf lxd>[+vnfdf

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rf]vf] sdfOdf afFRg] 5 sf]xL ljZjdf eg]ToxL c;n dfG5] xf] w/tL g} /dfpg] .

l;h{gfdf /dfP/ gofF vf]h rnfpg]ToxL c;n dfG5] xf] w/tL g} /dfpg] .

jf0fL cd[t h;sf] sd{zLn 5 hf] eg]ToxL c;n dfG5] xf] w/tL g} /dfpg] .

cfkm\gf] k|z+;f ub}{g lgGbfb]lv k/} x'g]ToxL c;n dfG5] xf] w/tL g} /dfpg] .

sd} af]Ng] df}ga|tL sd{n] g} l;sfpg]ToxL c;n dfG5] xf] w/tL g} /dfpg] .)))

kf] kYof{] t . sf7df08f}+sf] n]vfhf]vfdf l;:g] x/ fPsf] lyof] . sf7df08f}+af6 gS;f+sg ug{ p8\g] x]lnsf]K6/ x?n] l;:g] slxNo} b]v]gg\ . sxL+ dxfef/ tsfnLg o''lwli7/ of t]lGhª dgaxfb''/ eP/ t hlGdPgg\ ?s''ddf Û

cfly{s ljkGgtf To;dfly o'4sf] rk]6fdf k/ ]sf] ufpF . dgsf] cflTds zflGtsf] vf]hLdf l;:g] lxdfn k''¥ofpg''sf] ;f6f] k]6sf] cfuf]n] pgnfO{ g]kfnu~h k''¥ofof] bfO cnaxfb''/ vqLsf] cfu|xdf . ;+of]u, k|m]Gr gful/ s Oe e]l6P pgsf] sd{ynf] afl6sf xf]6]ndf . Oe ;z:q åGå If]qsf x]g/ L 8\o""gf aGg rfxGy] . kmntM dgaxfb''/ bf]efif]sf] ?kdf pgL;Fu cfˆgf] hGdynf] ?s''d k''u] . Oe PdP;Pkm ;+:yfsf k|d''v lyP, h;n] o''4kLl8tx?nfO{ lgMz''Ns cf}iflw pkrf/ u/L ;xof]u ubf{]/ x]5 .

Ps lbg sf7df08f}+af6 bf]efif]x?nfO{ af]nfj6 cfof] h;df dgaxfb''/ klg k/ ] . Tof] cjlwdf lxdfn cf/ f]x0fsf nflu cfwf/ e"t k|lzIf0f ;g\ @))( df sf7df08f}+df k|fKt u/ ] pgn] . y''k|} k|lzIf0fdWo] ;g @)!$ hgj/ Ldf ljlzi6 lxdfn cf/ f]x0fsf] k|lzIf0f klg k|fKt u/ ] . d] !( ;g\ @)!@ df ;u/ dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/ f]x0f u/ ]sf dgaxfb''/ n] x/ fO/ x]sf] l;:g] lxdfnsf] k|yd cf]/ fx0f ;g\ @)!# d] @^ df u/ ]sf 5g\ . dgaxfb'/ n] klxnf]k6s l;:g] lxdfnsf] cf/ f]x0f u/ ];Fu} l;:g]n]] ;g\ !(&^ kl5 u''d]sf] wjnflu/ L lxd>[ª\vnfdf kg{] cfˆgf] klxrfg kfPsf] 5 . pgn] l;:g]sf] cf/ f]x0f dfq u/ ]gg\, ;u/ dfyfsf] klxrfg t]l~hª z]kf{n] u/ fPh:t} x/ fO/ x]sf] l;:g]sf] klxrfg klg u/ fPsf 5g\ . ;d'Gb|L ;txb]lv kfFr xhf/ gf} ;o P3f/ ld6/ cUnf] lxdr''r'/ f] ko{6ssf] kvf{Odf 5 . l;:g]sf] prfOdf / x]sf] e|d;d]t lrl/ Psf] 5 . / jf:tljs prfO klg klxrfg ePsf] 5 .

åGåsf] df/ df k/ ]sf] a]nf l;:g]sf] lzv/ r''Dg] ;kgf af]s]sf dgaxfb''/ olta]nf bh{g a9L lxdlzv/ df g]kfnsf] em08f kmx/ fO/ x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] lxdofqf lg/ Gt/ hf/ L 5, lks k|f]kmfOn sfo{bnsf ;b:o;d]t / x]sf dgaxfb''/ g]kfnsf] kj{tLo ko{6gsf] ljsf;df nflu/ x]sf 5g\ . tL;

jif{] o''jfsf] lxddf]x lgs} t]h aGb}5 . ;g @)!$ df r'n' Oi6 / r'n' j]i6 klg r9]sf dgaxfb'/ n] olta]nf r'/ ]g lxdfn cf/ f]x0f ug{] of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ .

a'jf gGbaxfb'/ vqL / cfdf rGb|snfsf dfOnf 5f]/ f clxn] klZrd] lxdcf/ f]xL ag]sf 5g\ . >LdtL nlntf vqLsf] ;xof]u g} pgsf]

lzv/ r''Dg] cleofg lg/ Gt/ 5 . & jif{] 5f]/ f dlgif / !@ jifL{of 5f]/ L dlgiffsf] eljiosf nflu klg cxf]/ fq ;+3if{/ t 5g\ pgL . nfx'/ ] kl/ jf/ df hlGdPsf dgaxfb'/ sf a'af ef/ tLo ;]gfdf hflu/ ] lyP . kl/ jf/ sf] ;xof]u clg Joj;foL

bfO cnaxfb'/ sf] k|]/ 0ffn] l;:g]sf] gofF klxrfg agfpg pgL ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . pgn] l;:g]sf] r'r'/ f] r'Dbf bfO cnaxfb'/ klg cf/ f]x0f bnsf ;b:o lyP .

lxdfnsf] b]z eP/ klg lxdfn vf]lh/ x]sf g]kfnLnfO{ lxdfnsf] jf:tljstf aflx/ Nofpg] pgsf] ;f]r 5 . g]kfnsf] ko{6gsf] alnof] cfwf/ kj{tLo ko{6g g} / x]sf] pgsf] ljZjf; ag]sf] 5 . x/ fO/ x]sf lxdlzv/ x?nfO{ e]6fpg] ljb]zL dfq xf]Og :jb]zL ko{6snfO{ klg lxdlzv/ df k'¥ofpg] pgsf] ;+sNk 5 . lxdfn cf/ f]x0f ljb]zLn] dfq

ub{5g\ eGg] e|dnfO{ pgL x/fpg rfxG5g\ . g]kfnL o'jfx? klg lxdfnsf] r'r'/ f]df g]kfnsf] / fli6«o em08f kmx/ fpg ;lsg]df pgsf] s''g} låljwf 5}g . ;g\ @)!# d] @^ df pg} cf/ f]xLsf] 6Lddf cnaxfb''/ vqL, cd]l/ sg gful/ s nfOg Pn–hf], s}nfnLsf w'||j lji6, uf]/ vfsf d''nfn u''?ª, DofUbLsf ljgfos dNn 7s''/ L, h''Dnfsf cd[t ljs / uf]/ vfsf ;''dg u''?ªn] l;:g]sf] ;kmn cf/ f]x0f u/ ]sf lyP .

/ fKtLsf] ko{6g k|j4{gsf] nflu l;:g] cfwf/ aGg] dgaxfb'/ sf] ljZjf; 5 . bfª b]pv'/ LnfO{ / fKtLsf] ko{6g k|j]zåf/ sf] ?kdf ljsf; ub{} / fKtLdf kof{, ;fxl;s / ;fF:s[lts ko{6gsf dfWodaf6 ;d[l4 xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] dgaxfb'/ atfpF5g\ . / fKtL dfq xf]Og dWoklZrdnfO{ ko{6sLo s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] k|an ;Defjgf pgL b]V5g\ . oBkL ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu cfjZos k""jf{wf/ , xjfO tyf k}bn dfu{, ;~rf/ , 3/ af; sfo{qmdh:tf ljifok|lt ;/ sf/ L tyf lghL If]qsf] sd Wofg k''u]sf] pgsf] bfjL 5 .

e/ kbf{] ljdfg:ynsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;s] y'k|} ljb]zL ko{6sx?nfO{ / fKtLdf Nofpg ;lsg] pgL atfpF5g\ . n'lDagL / alb{of / fli6«o lgs'~hdf cf]ln{Psf ko{6sx?nfO{ bfªsf] yf? ;f+:s[lts ;DkbfnfO{ d"nåf/ sf] ?kdf k|of]u ub{} cGt/ f{li6«o :t/ df Vofltk|fKt l;:g] lxdfn;DDf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] k"jf{wf/ sf nflu / fKtL c~rn:t/ Lo ko{6g ;dGjo ;ldlt, lghL If]q, xf]6]n Joj;foL, oftfoft Joj;foLnufot ;a} lgsfon] cf–cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ;fd"lxs e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ cu|;/ x'g'kg{] pgsf] egfO{ 5 .w

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bfofF afofF 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} ljBfyL{x?n] …x'G5Ú eg] . To;kl5 ld;n] syf eGg ;'? ug'{eof] .

…c~hnL eGg] Pp6L ;fgL s]6L lyOg\ . pgL To:t} gf} aif{ hltsL lyOg\ . ufpFsf s]6fs]6Lx? :s'n k9\g hfGy] . pgnfO{ klg :s'n hfg] OR5f lyof] t/ 3/ sf] sdhf]/ cj:yfn] ubf{ pgsf] Tof] OR5f k"/ f ePsf] lyPg . t/ v'zLsf] s'/ f, c~hnLn] sfd u/ ]/ k9\g] Pp6f df}sf klg kfOg\ .Ú ld;n] ;a}lt/ x]b}{ eGg'eof] .

…ld; s;/ L <Ú l/ tfn] hfGg vf]lhg\ .…n ;'g, xl/ sfsf sf7df8f}+af6 b;}+df

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c~hnLn] of] s'/ f yfxf kfOg\ . afcfdf, ufpF3/ 5f]8\g] s'/ fn] pgL lgs} b'MvL eOg\ t/

afcfdfn] ;DemfPkl5 / k9\g kfpg] cfzfn] pgL sf7df8f}+ hfg tof/ eOg\ .Ú

b;}+sf] kl;{kN6 g} c~hnL xl/ sfsf;Fu sf7df8f}+ lxl8g\ . jghª\un, vf]nfgfnf / sof}+ 3'DtL kf/ ub}{ a;n] sf7df8f}+ k'¥ofof] . s]xL lbgleq} xl/ sfsfn] :s'ndf egf{ klg ul/ lbg'eof] . c~hnLn] lbpF;f] :s'ndf / / flt 3/ df d]xgt ;fy k9\g yflng\ . cfkm} s]xL ug]{ / afcfdfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ oxL pgsf] p2]Zo lyof] .

…o:tf] ;f]Rg' / fd|f] xf] ls xf]Og <Ú aLr}df ld;n] k|Zg ug'{eof] .

;a}n] …/ fd|f] xf] ld;Ú eg] . …laxfg x'\G5, lbpF;f] x'G5 clg / ft x'G5 .

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w]/ } jif{ laTof] . sfsLn] ug'{kg]{ ;f/ f sfd pgn] g} ug'{kYof]{ . sfd ug{ hfGbf ghfGbf sof}+kN6 ufnL kfOg\ . cfuf]n] kf]Nof] . xftv'§f km'6]/ x]g{ gx'g] eP . sfd ubf{ub}{ k9\g] ;do g} x'Fb}gYof] . x'g t sfsfn] k9fOnfO{ klg Wofg b]pm x} egL a]nf–a]nfdf ;DemfO/ xg'x'GYof] t/ sfsL eg] ;se/ sfdd} nufpg' x'GYof] . sof}+ 36gfx? t pgn] lal;{;lsg\ xf]nf t/ To:tf y'k|} 36gfdWo] Ps lbgsf] 36gfrflx+ c~hnLn] la;{g} ;lSbgg\ .Ú

…s:tf] 36gf ld;===<Ú ;fhgn] KjfSs ;f]w] .

…Pslbg sfsfsf] 3/ df pgsf] 5f]/ fsf] hGdlbgsf] sfo{qmd x'Fb} lyof] . hd36 a9\b} lyof] . c~hnL lrof lnP/ efG;fsf]7faf6 lgl:sb} lyOg\ . Tolt g} a]nf Ps hgf 6fO;'6 nufPsf] dfG5] pgL;Fu 7f]lSsg k'Uof] . p;sf] sf]6df yf]/ } lrof kf]lvof] . clg pm l/ ;n] lrRofpFb}, …tFnfO{ lx8\g cfpFb}g < d sf] x'F yfxf 5 <Ú eGb} ufnfdf b'O{ yKk8 xfGof] . ToxfF a;]sf sf]xL af]n]gg\ .Ú

…s] sf] xNnf xf] <Ú eGb} sfsL ToxfF cfpg'eof] . t/ pxfFn] pN6} c~hnLnfO{ g} ufnL ug'{eof] . Tof] t pgsf] uNtL lyPg . ;+of]un] 36gf 36]sf] lyof] . To;/ L c?sf cufl8 ckdfg, ufnL / kL8f ;xg'kbf{ c~hnLnfO{ ;w}+ kL/ nfUof] . 7"nf dflg;n] s]6fs]6Ls} uNtL b]Vbf/ x]5g\ h:tf] nfUof] . Tolta]nf pgnfO{ afcfdfsf] w]/ } ofb cfof] . pgL dg vf]n]/ ?g ;d]t kfOgg\ . lsgeg] pgn] Toltv]/ } km]l/ lrof ksfpg'k¥of] .Ú

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…To;kl5 c~hnLn] emg\ w]/ } d]xgtsf ;fy k9\g yflng\ . ltdLx?nfO{ yfxf 5 < To;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 c~hnLn] P;Pn;Ldf cfˆgf] ljBfnoaf6 ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ NofO{ pQL0f{ eOg\ clg cfˆg} Ifdtfsf sf/ 0f af]l8{ª :s'ndf

k9fpg ;'? ul/ g\ . / cfkm" klg SofDk;df k9\g yflng\ . yfxf 5===< clxn] pgL ld; ePsL l5g\ .Ú

…ltdLx?nfO{ c~hnL ld;sf] ;ª\3if{sf] syf dg k¥of] t <Ú / ~hgf ld;n] ;f]Wg'eof] .

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t===<Ú ld;n] xfF:b} k|Zg ug'{eof] . d'vfd'v ub}{ ;a}n] Pp6} :j/ df eg], …nfUof] .Ú

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ld;n] cfˆgf] emf]nfaf6 Pp6f kmf]6f] lems]/ b]vfpg'eof] . pgLx?n] cfFvf tfgL–tfgL To; kmf]6f]nfO{ x]/ ] .

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lt/ :sf/ g;Dem d]/ f] cg'kl:yltnfO{ . s]jn ltdL 5f} hf] d]/ f] eGg' 5 . nfUYof] ltdL ;fd' cfkm"nfO{ pEofpF / ePe/ sf s'/ fx? kf]lvlbpF . t/ ltd|f] ;fd' kg]{ ;fx;sf] hf]xf] ug{ lgs} ;do nfUof] .

xf] t ;fx; rflxg] / x]5 cfˆg} dg;Dd k'Ug klg . uNtL u/ ]+, ltdLnfO{ nTofPF . ltdLnfO{ g;'gL d}n] PSn} ofqf z'? u/ ]s} lbgaf6 z'? eof] b'3{6gf . cfkm\g} ckfª\u dgl:ylt / klx/ f] uPsf] cg'xf/ nfO{ ;DxfNb} eflu/ x]+ ltdLaf6 klg . clNem/ x]+ w]/ } rLhx?;Fu . xfjf, kfgL, 3fd, cfsfz of cfˆg} Zjf; v} s]–s]n] cNemfP dnfO{ . aNntNn t/ ]+ tL 5]saf/ sf hª\3f/ x? . a6'n] Ps 56fs hlt cfF6 / o;/ L cfOk'u]sL 5' ltdL 5]pm . s]xL kfgf ef]ufOdf 5l/ Psf a;Gt / lzlz/ x? klg cfkm};Fu NofPsL 5' .

pHofn} pHofnf]n] kf]ltPsf] lyof] Tof] ;do . xfjfsf] / ̂tf/ df bf}l8Gy] rfxgfx? k/ sf] pHofnf] l6Kg .

dg, ltdLnfO{ klg va/ } gu/ L d lgs} k/ k'u]y]+ . 6f9fsf] Tof] k|sfzn] dnfO{ tflg/ x\of] . d bf}l8PF Tot}lt/ . 3fdsf] dw'/ f] d':sfgsf] sf]lknf gkmlqmGh]n d x]l/ x/ xGy]+ em\ofnaf6 . Tof] km}lnb} u/ ]sf] Hof]ltnfO{ cfkm"leq ;d]6\g] nfn;f lyof] . ha Tof] d':sfgsf] sf]lknf km"n eP/ kmqmGYof], d ToxL ;'gf}nf ls/ 0fsf] y'ª\uf]nfO{ l6Kb} r'N7f]el/ l;pl/ Gy]+ . To;} a]nf 3fdhlQs} t]lhnf] Pp6f cg'xf/ b]vf k¥of] . 3fd} pbfOlbof] gh/ df . r'N7f]df plgPsf] Tof] v';LnfO{ 5ftLd} ;hfOlbg dg eof] . d}n] pgnfO{ dgdf 7fpF lbPF .

6f9f pbfpg] ;"o{sf] ls/ 0feGbf Gofgf] eof] pgsf] d':sfgsf] Hof]lt . :jLsfl/ lbPF d]/ f] ;dLk em'n]sf] Tof] dfofnfO{ . ;':t/ L af]nfPF klxnf]k6s, km/ Ss kmls{P/ x]l/ lbP pgn] . b]v]+ pgsf] uf]/ f] cg'xf/ , afGsL k/ ]sf] z/ L/ , ;f]emf dfofn' cfFvfx? . ToxL cfFvfleq al;lbPF . cfkm\gf] cfFvfdf pgnfO{ 7fpF lbPF .

;Q] ;Q] af]Nb}5' d]/ f] dg . ca t Ps bzs k"/ fgf eO;s] tL ;dox? klg . 8/ fpg', nhfpg', wsfpg' g} lsg / < Tof] km"n km'n]sf] ;do . Tof] jftfj/ 0f g} dudufPsf] ;do . d}n] pgsf] ;'uGwnfO{ ToxL km"nx?sf] af:gf dfg]+ / cfkm};Fu ld;fPF . cflv/ dfof / x]5 . p;nfO{ ckgfPsf] kn ltdLnfO{ nTofPF, xfjfdf p8fOlbPF ltd|f ;'emfjx? . ltd|f] ck/ fwL x'F d . kfpg'kg]{ ;hfo kfPF . s]xL ;dodf g} cfFvfdf / f]lkg cfOk'u] oyfy{sf tftf emL/ x? . xfjfd} em'l08P d]/ f ;kgfx? . qm'l;kmfO8 ===

qmfO:6sf] qm'l;lkms];gn] cf:yfsf] s]Gb| v8f ul/ lbof] ;+;f/ df t/ d]/ f ;kgfx?sf] qm'l;lkms];g Ps x/ km lrofukm, Ps Kofnf / S;Lsf] dftn] r:sfPsf] d'6'sf] Joyf cyjf eg'F Pp6f lg/ Lx dflg;sf] lgolt eP/ lanfof] .

dg, ltdLn] dfkm ul/ lbof} t/ d}n] kfPF ltd|f]

cj1fsf] qm"/ sf]/ f{x? cfˆg} hLjgaf6 .

Psl5g aft df5'{ n pg};Fu h;n] dnfO{ nfvf}+ k6s cfTdxTof u/ fof] .

P ltdL Û ltdLn] dnfO{ Pngkf]sf PG6fuf]lg:6x?n] h:t} xfF;L xfF;L hfndf kf¥of] . d ltd|f] bGt] df]xgLdf k/ ]5' To;avt . ltd|f] afSnf] sfnf] skfnsf] hfb"n] tflgP5' . ltd|f ;nSs k/ ]sf xft v'6\6f / z/ L/ sf] df]xdf k/ ]5' . ;a}eGbf a9L ltd|f lrD;f cfFvfx?sf] pHofnf]n] k'tnLx?nfO{ hlQs} cfslif{t u/ ]5 dnfO{ . ;Demb}5' txldgf b'/ fgLnfO{ . d':tkmflt/ o;}u/ L tflgPsL lyOg\, dfO km\o'8n n8{, txldgf b'/ fgL . d]/ f] Ps k;/ L dfofnfO{ ltdLn] Ps c~h'nL kmsf{Olbof} . ltd|f] c~h'nLsf] 3]/ faf6 km8\lsg] rfxgf ePg . ltdLn] la5\ofOlbof} l;ª\u} cfˆgf] d'6' d lx8\g] af6f]el/ . To;nfO{ s'Nr]/ cufl8 a9\g} ;lsgF . ;Dxfn]/ l6k]+ clg cfˆg} d'6'sf] cf8}df / flvlbPF ltd|f] d'6' klg . k|To]s k6ssf] 9's9's;Fu} ltd|f] dfofsf] em/ Ln]

nk|mSs} ?em]+ . ltd|f] dfofsf] Gofgf]kgfdf :jf; lnPF . P]gfdf x]bf{ b]v]+ cfkm"nfO{ ;+;f/ s} ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/ , ltd|f] dfofsf] Gofgf] kf]lvPsf] cg'xf/ .

;fob P]gfleqsf] e|fds ;'Gb/ tfn] tflgP5' d . d]/ f cfFvfx?n] ltd|f] uf]/ f] cg'xf/ leq n's]sf] sfnf] dfgl;stfnfO{ l5rf]Ng ;s]g5 . e'n]5' cfkm}nfO{ . eOlbPF ltdLn] af]nfPhlt ;a}yf]s M 8f]Ndf, sfG5L, sfnL, g]K6L ;a}–;a} . lal;{P/ cfkm}nfO{, lal;{P/ ‘d’nfO{ .

k|To]s / ft ltd|f] z+sfsf] lxdfn r'lnb} ubf{ ltdLnfO{ lrQ a'emfpg c;dy{ d]/ f cg'e"ltx? lv;Lsf] kfq ag]/ ;fpg ?lemlbGy] d]/ f cfFvfel/ . cfkm"lt/ lg/ Gt/ t]l;{Psf tLvf k|Zgx? / ltd|f laiffn' zAbx?sf] rf]6n] af/ Daf/ d'l5{t x'Gy]+ d . ltdLleqsf] Gofofnon] dnfO{ ck/ fwL 3f]lift ul/ lbGYof] . lagf ;'gjfO / lagf k|df0f g} d ck/ fwL 7x/ fOGy]+ . ltd|f] 3[0ffsf nKsfx?n] 89]/

v/ fgL ePsf] d]/ f] dg ltdL 3l/ xftel/ d'7\ofP/ ljhosf] c6\xf;;lxt xfjfdf p8fOlbGYof} . 3l/ cfkm\g} d'6\7Lleq s}b ul/ lbGYof} . ltd|f] sl;Psf] d'6\7Lsf] aGbLu[xaf6 lgsfNg g;s] klg ltdLn] xfjfdf p8fOlbPsf] dgnfO{ vf]Hg] sf]l;; ul/ / xGy]+ . d]/ f] Tof] af}nfxf vf]hfOnfO{ gf6ssf] Ps b[Zo dfgL cfGgbk"j{s x]l/ / xGYof} . d]/ f] vf]h / eosf] ult a9\b} ubf{ ltd|f] kmf]S;f]n] km]b}{ u/ ]sf] ;Gtf]ifsf] Zjf;sf] cftª\saf6 5'6sf/ f kfpg yfxf 5 ltdLnfO{, d}n] slt k6s dgdg} cfTdxTof u/ ]+ <

xf], xhf/ f}+ k6s, nfvf}+ k6s of egf}+ ltdLn] ;f; km]/ ]sf] k|To]s If0f g} d]/ f] d[To' eO/ x\of] . ltdLn] d]/ f] d[t z/ L/ ;Fu v]Nof} . d]/ f] lr;f] nf;;Fu ;Def]u u¥of}+ . d k/ a;]/ x]l/ / x]+ cfkm\g} nf;dflysf] v]naf8 . ltdLleqsf] kfzljstfnfO{ 3[0ff u/ ], y's]+ . Tof] sf]7fdf nl8/ x]sf] laeT; d[To'af6 cnlUuPsf] d]/ f] cfTdf v';Ln] k'nlst eO/ x\of] ;Dem]/ ls Tof] ;f]emf] cg'xf/ leqsf] / fIf;n] slDtdf dnfO{ 5'g kfPg . ltdLn] la6'nfPsf] d t d lyOgF, Tof] t d]/ f] cfTdxTofkl5 ltdL ;fd' n8]sf] d"bf{ z/ L/ lyof] . ltdLleqsf] / fIf; hfu]sf] avt ltdLn] e]p g} kfPgf} d]/ f] nf;sf] lr;f]kgf .

ltdL dfG5]af6 kz' ePs} If0f d}n] d[To' / f]h]+ . ltd|f] efudf k¥of] s]jn d]/ f] d[t dg / d[t z/ L/ . cflv/ dl/ ;s]sf] dgn] af]s]sf] 5fnf, / ut / df;'sf] lk08 afFr]/ } klg d/ ];/ x g} t xf] . d[To' w]/ } yl/ x'Fbf] / x]5 . ltd|f] ;+;u{df rfn kfPF . d}n] Zjf; km]bf{km]b}{ klg dl/ / x]+ ltd|f] ;fydf / x'~h]n . xf] ltdLn] dnfO{ d[To' lbof} . ltdLn] d]/ f] z/ L/ el/ u/ ]sf] cTofrf/ eGbf sof}+ u'0ff 3fts eof] dgnfO{ lbPsf] oftgf . d]/ f] z/ L/ n] lal;{of] ltd|f] z/ L/ sf] qm"/ tf t/ dgn] cem}+ ;Dem]sf] 5 oltsf aif{kl5 klg tL 8/ nfUbf / ftx? . ltdL cfˆgf] cl:tTjsf] aLh d leq c+s'/ fPsf] x]g{ rfxGYof} . d}n] To;nfO{ laif dfg]+ . To;nfO{ cfkm"leq emfª\luPsf] :jLsfg{ ;lsgF .

P ltdL, ltdLn] d]/ f] dfof / >4fsf] km"nnfO{ s'lNrPs} avt d}n] ltd|f] c:t' dgu+ufdf ;]nfOlbPF .

ltd|f] d'6\7Lsf] rf/ 3]/ faf6 plDsPF . v/ fgL dg / d/ ]sf] z/ L/ af}l/ of] . d lkmlgS; ePF . d leqsf] cg'e"ltsf 5fnx? pln{g yfn] . b'vfOn] 56\k6fpFb} u/ ]sf] 3fF6L j/ k/ sf gLnf 8fdx?nfO{ dfofn] ;'D;'DofpFb} unaGbLsf] ;'/ Iff lbPF . 9f8sf] c6]/ L 3f]rfOnfO{ zLtsf yf]kfx?n] dfln; u/ ]+, zLtn eof] . lklN;Psf xft v'§fsf 5fnfx? klg el/ b} uof] s]xL ;dodf . ;a} lgsf] eof] ;dosf dNxdn] . tlu|PF d t/ dgleqsf] ulx/ f] 3fpnfO{ s;} u/ L lgsf] kfg{ ;lsgF, lgsf] kfg{ rflxgF klg .

Tof] 3fpn] ha–ha dnfO{ b'vfpF5 ta ;DemG5' d}n] d]l6lbPsf] ltd|f] cl:tTjnfO{ . ltd|f] nfrf/ kf}?iftfnfO{ . clg v';Lsf] Ps yf]kf cfF;'sf] Gofgf]kgn] ;]lslbG5' b'lv/ x]sf] dgnfO{ . b[9 d]/ f] dg kxf8 ePs} If0f b]V5' ltd|f] UnfgLn] lgrf]l/ Psf] lg/ Lx cl:tTjsf] v'OlnPsf] ?k . ltd|f] lgoltdf Ps lvTsf xfFl;lbG5' . ltd|f] 9ndf au]sf] kf}?iftfsf] ;Demgfdf lggf ;fOdgsf] :j/ ;Fu} lrRofOlbG5', kfj/ / / / , kfj/ / / / , kfj/ / / / ====

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r9]sf syf ;fyLx¿n] ;'gfpFbf d x'¿Ss} x'Gy]+ .

a'jf ;fdfg kf]sf kf/ ]/ a;kfs{ hfg'cl3 d lknlkn uy{]+ . 3f];]d'G6f] nufP/ cfF;' v;fNy]+ . a'jf Psdg dnfO{ x]g{'x'GYof] / eGg'x'GYof], æhf, n'uf n]/ cf .Æ

d eSsflgGy]+ Û

sf7df8f}+df ljzfnahf/ sf] lnˆ6 r9\g' / af6fdf ;nfO{sf vf]:6f vf]Hg' d]/ f] Psdfq p2]Zo x'GYof] . tL vf]:6fsf] df]n bfªdf 7"nf] x'GYof] . cem / +uLg eP b'O{u'0ff a9L d"No . vf]:6fsf] tf; v]Nbf w]/ } k6s a'jfn] sGr6sf / f}+ pv]Ng'ef], w]/ } k6s 5n]/ v]n]+ . uf]hfel/ ;nfO{ af]s]/ d a'jf;Fu} sf7df8f}+af6 bfª kmls{Gy]+ . uf8Ldf dgel/ pkb]z ;'Gy]+ .

Pp6f pkb]z clxn] klg ;DemG5',

æhLjg;fyLeGbf ;fyL ;w}+ Ps tx dfly x'G5, ;fyLnfO{ slxNo} glk/ fP;\ ÛÆ

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k;n / a;fO cln 6f9f lyof] . kfn}kfnf] l6lkmgdf vfgf k'¥ofpFYof}+ a'jfnfO{ . a]n'sL lbbL efF8f df‰yL, d w'Gy]+ . a'jf eGg'x'GYof], æcfˆgf] sfd cfkm}+ u/ , ltdLx¿ sDo'lg:6sf 5f]/ f5f]/ L xf} .Æ

ToxL sDo'lg:6sf] k|efj / fVg d]/ f] gfdd} n]lggsf] :6\ofDk / flvlbg'ef] Û sf+u|]; ePsf] eP zfob aLkL / fVg'x'GYof] Û

) ) )

km]G;L a]Rof}+, u]:6 xfp; lsGof}+ . sk8f a]Rg 5f8]/ dfG5] ;'tfpg yfNof}+ .

a'jfsf] cfˆg} bz{g lyof]– xfdL ;fgf 5Fbf slxNo} r'/ f]6 / / S;L a]Rg'ePg . ;do km]l/ of]— hLjgn] pxfFnfO{ tL ;ayf]s a]Rg afWo agfof] Û

a'jf lrGg dnfO{ @^ jif{ nfUof] . ha lrg]+– pxfF xh'/ a'jf eO;Sg'ePsf] lyof] Û

) ) )

;fgf]df a'jf / ]l8of] ahfpFb} k;naf6 3/ cfpFbf xfdL v';Ln] nl¶GYof}+, cr]n bfª hfFbf xfdL sn+sLaf6 kmf]g u5f{}+, a'jf nl¶g'x'G5 . klxn] b;}+df a'jfn] gofF n'uf lslGbg'x'GYof], d / dfpFy]+ . cr]n d lslGbG5', a'jf / dfpg'x'G5 Û

-a'jf;Fu @^ jif{ a;]+, To;kl5 sf7df8f}+ cfPF, hxfF hLjgsf] csf{] cWofon] af6f] ;dfTof]] / d a'jf ePF ._

twi�er: @lendaai

@)$) d+l;/ !) ut] . a'jf–cfdfn] uf]hLdf b'O{ xhf/ ¿k}ofF af]s]/ xfdLnfO{ 6«ØfS6/ df c3f{vfFrLaf6 bfª emfg{'ef] . clg lhlj; / cbfntsf] cufl8 em'k|f] xf]6n vf]Ng'ef] . cfdf / lbbL ufpFdf a:y] .

a'jf lrof–;df];f a]Rg'x'GYof], d k9\y]+ . !% ldg]6 6f9f ahf/ af6 u|fxssf nflu kfg / r'/ f]6 NofPafkt v]ksf] ! ?Kk] kfpFy]+ . tLg xhf/ df lsg]sf] em'k|f] xf]6ndf a'jf / d Pscsf{sf ;xf/ f lyof}+ . a'jf sfvfv'§L xfn]/ ;'tfpg'x'GYof], sfvLsf] kl;gfsf] uGw dnfO{ dL7f] nfUYof] .

) ) )

cbfnt / lhlj;sf sd{rf/ L lrof vfg cfpFy], d pgLx?sf] hLjgz}nL b]v]/ d'd{'l/ Gy]+ . a'jf eGg'x'GYof], ætF klg jlsn eO;\ eg] lrof vfg cfP;\ .Æ

clg slNkGy]+— d sfnf] sf]6 nufP/ xfd|} xf]6ndf lrof vfg cfpFy], a'jfnfO{ k};f lbGy]+ clg a]n'sL ToxL k};f rf]/ ]/ uf]hLdf xfNy]+ Û

) ) )

x/ ]s z'qmaf/ a'jf / d @^ lsnf]ld6/ k/ ufpF hfGYof}+, hxfF cfdf, lbbL / efO x'Gy] . 3/ hfFbf d ;+;f/ lht]em}+ x'Gy]+ . lkmlnK;sf] / ]l8of] ah]sf] ;'g]/ lbbL / efO bf}l8P/ af6fdf lng cfpFy] Û

3/ df l6eL gx'Fbfsf] x'6x'6L lyof] dgdf . a'jf eGg'x'GYof], æl6eL NofP ltdLx? lau|G5f} .Æ

d ;xh a'‰y]+– l6eL lsGg] Nofst lyPg xfd|f] . clg a'jf;Fu} / ]l8of] ;'GYof}+ lbgel/ , / ftel/ .

) ) )

em'k|f] xf]6nsf] leq st} s'gf a'jf / d]/ f] ;fgf] 3/ lyof] .

/ , ToxL em'k|f]df Pslbg cfuf] nfUof], a'jf cfwf hNg'ef] . 5f]/ f]nfO{ arfpFbf cfkm" hNg] afp klxnf]k6s ToxL / ft b]v]+ .

cfwf hn]sf] z/ L/ 8f]¥ofpFb} d c:ktfn n}hfGy]+, NofpFy]+ . d PSnf] ;xf/ f lyPF a'jfsf] . pxfF 1fgL 5f]/ f aGg'ePsf] lyof], d afp Û

x/ ]s dfG5] b'O{k6s hlGdG5— Psk6s afpcfdfn] hGdfpF5g\, Psk6s 5f]/ f5f]/ Lsf nflu hlGdG5g\ . d]/ f a'jf d]/ f nflu hlGdg'ePsf] lyof] bf];|f]k6s Û

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xf]6n a]Rof}+, km]G;L lsGof}+ . cfdf, lbbL / efO ufpFaf6 ;x/ cfP .

k;nsf nflu ;fdfg lng a'jf x/ ]s dlxgf sf7df8f}+ cfpg'x'GYof] . pxfF;Fu} sf7df8f}+ 3'Dg' d]/ f] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;kgf x'GYof] . ljzfnahf/ sf] lnˆ6

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gfd M xs{axfb'/ cf]nL sIff M *:s'n M ;lxb:d[lt cfdflj dfgk'/–&, bfª

gfd M jiff{ zdf{ sIff M @:s'n M bLklzvf pdflj 3f]/fxL, bfª

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5f]/LnfO{ la;]{/ klg x]nf ug'{x'Fb}g@) jif{ gk'uL lajfx ul/ lbg'x'Fb}g .

w]/} ;Gtfg hGdfpFb}df 5f]/f x'g] xf]Og5f]/Lh:tf] w]/} dfof 5f]/fn] ub}{ghg;+Vof a9\of] eg] vfg nfpg k'Ub}gb'O{ ;Gtfg eP of] ;d:of x'Fb}g .

lzIffbLIff lbg'k5{ 5f]/LnfO{ klgb]zsf] nflu s0f{wf/ aGg ;sf];\ egLcfh}b]lv nfpg k5{ gf/f o;}u/L5f]/f xf];\ jf 5f]/L b'a} a/fa/L .

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ub}{5g\ dflg;x?n] kfk / clx+;ftkfO{+sf] pkb]z gkfP/zflGtsf] 1fg 5b}{ d]6fpg lh1f;fx] zflGtsf cu|b"t cfpm km]l/ kmls{P/ .

zflGtsf] pkb]z lbb} lkmhfof} t]h;Eo dfgjsf] kl/ro lbP/lbgnfO{ zflGtsf] pkb]zkm]l/ oxL wtL{df cfpm kmls{P/ .

lgsfnL ;a}nfO{ cFWof/f] /ftaf6ljZjd} zflGtsf] pHofnf] lbP/lngnfO{ dflg;nfO{ ;To af6f]dfwtL{dftfsf dxfg\ ;k't cfpm km]l/ kmls{P/ .

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km'r'ª\u|L M g]kfn k|1fg k|lti7fg, ;+uLt–gf6\o k|lti7fg / nlntsnf k|lti7fgnfO{ …lqbnLo efuj08f k|lti7fgÚ agfP/ eP klg k"/ f ul/ P5 lg sfsf <

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sfsf M e|i6frf/ u/ ]kl5 cfhLjg k'Ug] sdfOxfN5g\ . clg ltgLx?nfO{ km]l/ r'gfj kf] lsg p7\g'k¥of] / < a? cfhLjg sf/ faf;sf] ;hfo eP x'g] . t}klg gofF ;+ljwfg cfpg] xf] ls xf]Og < cQf]kQf] So} 5}g . Tof] Joj:yf cfP/ kf] s] <

km'r'ª\u|L M clg cft+sjfbL cnsfobfn] t ef/ td} zfvf vf]Ng] 3f]if0ff u/ ]5 sfsf . df]bL c+snsf] xfjf v':sfOb]nfg\ P <

sfsf M pkm ÛÛÛ s] s] ;f]W5] of] km'r'+u|L klg <<<ÛÛÛ

v}/ fafª e'jg]Zj/ L dlGb/ P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s Pjd\ k|fs[lts ko{6gsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ :yn xf] . ;Nofgsf] lxjNrf uflj;df cjl:yt v}/ fafª dlGb/ / x]sf] :yfgdf

;Too'udf dxfb]jn] ;Tob]jLsf] d[t zl/ / af]s]/ ljZj ed|0f ubf{ b]jLsf] c+u ktg ePsf] ljZjf; ul/ G5 .

v}/ fafª e'jg]Zj/ L dlGb/ ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 ! xhf/ ^ ;o lkm6 cUnf] kxf8df cjl:yt 5 . of] ;Nofg ;b/ d'sfd vn+ufb]lv !^ lsld k"jL{ blIf0f lxjNrfsf] v}/ fafªdf kb{5 . ;b/ d'sfd vn+ufaf6 v}/ fafª k'Ug ;Nofgsf] Jofkfl/ s s]Gb| zLtnkf6Laf6 b'O{ 306f / ;b/ d'sfd vn+ufaf6 ;f9] b'O{ 306fdf v}/ fafª

dlGb/ k'Ug ;lsG5 . v}/ fafª e'jg]Zj/ L dlGb/ df z'SnkIf,

d+unaf/ / zlgaf/ k"hf cf/ fwgf ug]{sf] 3'OFrf] nfUg] ub{5 . z'SnkIf ci6dL, gjdL / rt'b{zLdf ljz]if bz{g x'g] ub{5 . r}q z'SnkIf / cflZjg z'SnkIfsf] a]nf !% lbg eQmhgx?sf] 3'OFrf] nfUg] dlGb/ sf k'hf/ L 5lj/ d0f zdf{n] atfpg'eof] . ejfgL e'jg]Zj/ Ln] dgn] lrQfPsf] dgf]/ y -dgsfdgf_ k"/ f ug]{ ljZjf; lnP/ aln r9fpg] ul/ G5 eg] afXd0f If]qLx?n] dlGb/ jl/ kl/ r08Lkf7 ub{5g\ .

v}/ fafªdf j}lbssfndf k"hf cf/ fwgf u/ L sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, db -3d08_ / dfT;o{ -Oiof{_ TofUg b]jL;Fu dfu ul/ GYof] . kf}/ fl0fssfnaf6 aln lbg] rng ;'? ePsf] atfOG5 . v}/ fafªdf k~ralnsf ?kdf af]sf, / fFuf], k/ ]jf, e]8f / xfF;sf] aln r9fpg] u/ ]sf] gful/ s cu'jf xl/ z/ 0f cfrfo{n] atfpg'eof] .

wfld{s ko{6gsf] w/ f]x/ v}/ fafª e'jg]Zj/ L

dlGb/ df bz{g ug{ c3f{vfFrL, u'NdL, afUn'ª, bfª, ?s'd, / f]Nkf, Ko"7fg, b}n]v, ;'v]{t, hfh/ sf]6, h'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, s}nfnL, alb{of, afFs], s~rgk'/ , sf7df08f}+, nlntk'/ / eQmk'/ nufot b]zsf ljleGg efu / aflx/ ef/ tsf ljleGg :yfgaf6 klg bz{g ug{ eQmhgx? cfpg] u/ ]sf] v}/ fafª e'jg]Zj/ L dlGb/ If]q ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf adaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sLn] hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .

dlGb/ df ;b/ d'sfdaf6 df]6/ af6f] ;'ljwf

wfld{s ko{6gsf] s]Gb| v}/fafªtyf ljB't ;]jf pknAw 5 . dlGb/ @& / f]kgL hUufdf km}lnPsf] 5 . dlGb/ ;+/ If0f / ;Dj4{gsf] nflu u'7Lsf] klg Joj:yf ul/ Psf] 5 . eQmhgx?sf] w]/ } pkl:ylt x'g] ePsfn] a:gsf nflu clxn] ePsf] wd{zfnf ;fgf] ePsfn] yk wd{zfnf cfjZos / x]sf] :yfgLosf] egfO{ 5 . o;nfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ k|rf/ k|;f/ u/ ]/ n}hfg ;s] ;Nofg lhNnfnfO{ wfld{s / k|fs[lts ko{6gsf] uGtJo agfpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf k|r'/ dfqfdf / x]sf] 5 .

#& jif{kl5 dlGb/ sf uxgf ;'/ lIft e]l6Pv}/ fafª eujtL dlGb/ df

eQmhg tyf / fhfdxf/ fhfx?n] r9fPsf] w]/ } aif{ k'/ fgf] ;'g / rfFbLsf] uxgf lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{nodf ;'/ lIft e]l6Psf] 5 . rfFbLsf l;qmL tyf ljleGg k|sf/ sf uxgfdf hl8t ;'g cf7 tf]nf @$ nfn / rfFbL em08} ;ft lsnf] / x]sf] 5 . lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{nodf w]/ } aif{cl3 / fv]sf] ;]km tf]8\bf ;'g tyf rfFbLsf uxgf ;'/ lIft e]l6Psf x'g\ . lhNnf k|zf;g, k|x/ L /

dfnkf]t sfof{nodf tLgj6f rfaL / fv] klg x/ fPkl5 dlGb/ sf k'hf/ L, pkef]Qmf, :yfgLoaf;L, kqsf/ , k|zf;g / k|x/ Lsf] / f]xa/ df ;]km tf]l8Psf] lyof] .

;]kmleq e]l6Psf] sfuhcg';f/ ;'gsf] ltnx/ L, kf]6], a]nkf8, Ps c;kmL{, rfFbLsf] l;qmLdf hl8t lkknkft], a]nkq, kftf, d'8, uh'/ d'Gb|dfnf / x]sf lyP eg] rfFbLsf d'G8dfnf, srf}/ f, rd/ f la8, kfg;, 5ftf, s?jf, ;'/ fxL, l6sfef8f, 8d?, cf/ tL, c3{, k~rkfqf], w'kf}/ f], 5ftfdf v'§f, cf]bfg, sdn km"n, d's'6, afnfnufotsf uxgf / x]sf lyP . ;'gsf uxgfx? ;a} vfddf / flvPsf] lyof] .

tL ;fdfgx? dlGb/ df af/ Daf/ rf]/ L ePkl5 ;'/ Iffsf] nflu @)#$ ;fndf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf NofP/ a'emfPsf] / To;kl5 k|x/ L sfof{nodf / flvPsf] eujtL dlGb/ sf cWoIf anaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL] atfpg'eof] . :yfgLo a'9fkfsfsf cg';f/ ;'gsf] b'O{j6f d"lt{;d]t / fv]sf] ;'Ggdf cfP klg ;]kmdf d"lt{ ge]l6Psf] a'9fyf]sLsf] egfO{ 5 . ;]kmdf / x]sf uxgfx? ;+:s[lt Pjd\ k'/ ftflTjs dxTjsf ePsf] k|x/ L gfoa pkl/ Ifs c?0f zfxn] atfpg'eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ ljleGg ;dodf dlGb/ bz{gsf qmddf bz{gfyL{x?n] r9fPsf tL uxgfx?df ldlt / gfd;d]t n]lvPsf] / tL ;a} lj=;+= !($! cufl8sf / x]sf 5g\ .

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