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[3/4/2015] [Κέντρο Διπλωματικών και Στρατηγικών Μελετών (CEDS)] Γαλλικό Ινστιτούτο Ελλάδος Επιβλέπων καθηγητής: Αθανάσιος Κοτσίρης ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΑ ΜΑΡΙΑ ΤΡΑΓΚΑ Η ΕΞΩΤΕΡΙΚΗ ΕΙΚΟΝΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΔΙΜΕΡΕΙΣ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΣΧΕΣΕΙΣ

Η ΕΞΩΤΕΡΙΚΗ ΕΙΚΟΝΑ ΤΗΣ Ε.Ε. ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΔΙΜΕΡΕΙΣ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΣΧΕΣΕΙΣ

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Εργασία στα πλαίσια του σεμιναρίου που διοργανώνεται από το Γαλλικό Ινστιτούτο Ελλάδος σε συνεργασία με το ελληνικό τμήμα του Κέντρου Διπλωματικών και Στρατηγικών Μελετών (CEDS).

Citation preview

  • [1]

    [3/4/2015]

    [ (CEDS)]

    :

  • [2]

    ................................................................................................................................................4

    ....................................................................................................................................................5

    1 .. ................................................9

    i. ......................................................................................9

    ii. ..........................................................................................................................................12

    .........................................................................................................................................13

    2 .. BRICS .......................................14

    i. .........................................................................................................................14

    ii. .................................................................................................................16

    iii. ......................................................................................................................17

    iv.H ............................................................................................................19

    v. .......................................................................................................22

    vi. ..................................................................................24

    .........................................................................................................................................25

    3 , .....................................28

    i. ......................................................................................................................28

    ii. ........................................................................................................29

    iii. .................................................................................................................31

    .........................................................................................................................................34

    4 .........................................................................36

    i. .....................................................................................................................36

    ii. .............................................................................................................37

    iii. ...............................................................................................................38

    iv. ..................................................................................................................39

    .........................................................................................................................................41

    1 ......................................................................44

    ...............................................................................................................44

    ..................................................................................................................................................45

    .................................................................................................................................................45

    ...................................................................................................................................46

    ................................................................................................................................................46

  • [3]

    2 BRICS ...............48

    . BRICS ......................................................................................48

    i. ......................................................................................................48

    ii. .......................................................................................50

    iii. ......................................................................................51

    iv. ..................................................................................52

    v. ...........................................................................53

    . ..............................................................55

    i. .......................................................................................55

    ii. ...............................................................................56

    iii. ...........................................................................57

    3 , ...........59

    i. ....................................................................................59

    ii. ..............................................................................60

    iii. .................................................................................62

    4 ...........................................64

    i. ............................................................................................64

    ii. .............................................................................64

    iii. .....................................................................................66

    iv. ..................................................................................67

    : .........................................................................69

    .....................................................................................................................................72

    ANA .......................................................................................................87

    ......................................................................................................................91

  • [4]

    ,

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    , 2014. ,

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  • [5]

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  • [6]

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  • [8]

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  • [9]

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    . ,

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  • [10]

    , , 71%

    . ,

    : 41% ,

    , 60% .

    , ,

    -, ,

    .

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    , ,

    . , ,

    , , .

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    , .

    ,

    . , ,

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    , ( 66% 1991, 18% 2006),

    , (

    20% 1991, 36% 2006 12% 1991, 28% 2006,

    ).

    , ,

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  • [11]

    (, , ),

    ,

    (, ) (CDC,

    EPA).

    , ,

    ,

    , 45,9% ,

    . ,

    ,

    , : 40%

    , , 23% ,

    .

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    , ,

    , -

    . , -,

    , , ,

    . ,

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    .

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  • [12]

    ,

    .

    ii.

    , , .

    ,

    ,

    , 2002.

    Marshall Pew Global Attitudes,

    , millennium.

    ,

    , . ,

    , (81%

    2002 73% 2005) ,

    (77% 2004 63% 2006).

    ,

    45%, ,

    . ,

    , ,

    , ,

    . ,

    , , .

    7%, , ,

    , ,

    (33%) (13%).

    ,

    ,

    . 22% ,

    (2%), (19%) . 77%

    (37%), .

  • [13]

    ,

    , ,

    . ,

    , ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

  • [14]

    2

    .. BRICS

    ,

    , -

    , .

    ,

    , , - ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    i.

    World Values Survey,

    Globe Scan

    TNS Emnid, (23%),

    , 1.

    70,5% 1990 60,6% 2001,

    .

    1990,

    . ,

    : 40,1% 15-29, 25,5%

    30-49 20,9% .

    ,

    ,

    .

    2001, 69,3% ,

    , .

  • [15]

    Globe Scan,

    . , 2004,

    , ,

    . , project .,

    ,

    (77% , 7%

    ).

    ( ),

    ,

    , .

    ,

    , ,

    . , ,

    (96% ,

    ).

    , ,

    (17%). , ,

    (84%) , ,

    , (44% 17%).

    .

    (22%),

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , , -

    (37% 12%) , ,

    .

  • [16]

    , ,

    . :

    ,

    2.

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    ,

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    .

    ii.

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    3.

    ,

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    Medvedev ,

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  • [17]

    , Medvedev ,

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    .

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    .

    ,

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    .

    ,

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    . ,

  • [18]

    ,

    .

    ,

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    , ,

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    , .

    Raja Mohan, ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    , .

    , , 38

    , - 2010 ,

    ,

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    .

  • [19]

    ,

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    ,

    1990.

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    , 5. ,

  • [20]

    , ,

    , . ,

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

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    . ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    , Mercosur,

    2004,

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    .

    ;

    , ,

    ,

    : .

    , ,

    48% ,

    . , ,

    .

    , 43%, .

    ,

    . ,

    , , 58%

    ( ,

  • [21]

    67% 64% ). ,

    , , ,

    (58% 56%-55% ).

    , ,

    .

    ,

    87% 86% ,

    . , ,

    81% 83% .

    , (23%),

    , (8%),

    (3%).

    , ,

    , . ,

    , (22%

    17% ), ,

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    (51%). 29% ,

    , .

    , ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    .

  • [22]

    32% , ,

    . ,

    , , /

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    , , 13,5%.

    Mercosur.

    v.

    ,

    . , , ,

    , 6.

    ,

    - ,

    . ,

    . 1990-1

    59,4% ,

    33,6% 2000-1.

    500

    , (

    ).

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

  • [23]

    ,

    ,

    , .

    , . 2002,

    ,

    . ,

    (44%), ,

    . ,

    , .

    ,

    ;

    ; ,

    ,

    , (15%).

    , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    .

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    , ,

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    ,

    ; , , ,

    .

  • [24]

    vi.

    , ,

    7.

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    (51%),

    ,

    , ,

    (32%).

    , , ,

    . , EFTA,

    , .

    , ,

    (

    , , ,

    -). , ,

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    , 8.

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    , , ,

  • [25]

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    .

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    ,

    .

    , 9,

    2004 2006, ,

    , ,

    04 06. , ,

    ,

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    10

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    BRICS ,

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    ,

    : 23% 45% ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , , ,

    (NAFTA).

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    , . ,

    ,

    , -,

    .

  • [26]

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    , , ,

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    .

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    . ,

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    , 32% ,

    , ,

    51% . ,

    , : 21% ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    2002, 15%

    , .

    , ,

    .

    , De Seixas Corra, , ,

    .

    , ,

    , ,

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    .

  • [27]

    ,

    ,

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    .

  • [28]

    3

    ,

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    , , , ,

    ,

    , ,

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    . , 1970,

    ,

    ,

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    .

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  • [29]

    -, . ,

    ,

    . , , ,

    , .

    ,

    , . ,

    ,

    1995, Gallup. ,

    ,

    , 33% ,

    . 23%,

    , 16%,

    .

    , 2004, Compas,

    ,

    . 67%,

    ,

    .

    , , 76%

    .

    ii.

    , , ,

    ,

    ,

    - 2.

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

  • [30]

    ,

    /

    , ,

    -. ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    -.

    2004, Global Scan,

    23.518 23 , ,

    .

    , 20 23 ,

    , ,

    , .

    , , 62%

    . 74% ,

    ,

    (52%).

    , Lowy Institute Poll

    2006, 83% ,

    , , ,

    . , 41%

    . , 69% ,

    , .

    APP Project, ,

    .

    . ,

    , 52,5%,

    11%

    . , 2,5

  • [31]

    . (42%), (20,25%), (20%)

    (15,25%), .

    , , ,

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    , . ,

    ,

    . ,

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    .

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    ,

    .

    , ,

    , Philomena Murray, 2001-2002. ,

    . ,

    (86% , 84% 72% ),

    32% 31% ,

    , 60% .

    iii.

    , ,

    ,

    3.

    , ,

    ,

  • [32]

    , (

    ), .

    , ,

    ,

    . , ,

    , , ,

    ,

    . .

    . ,

    , .

    ,

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    , 40% .

    ,

    ; , ,

    21 -

    ,

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    . (, ,

    , , . , , , ),

    2005, 1.250

    .

    ,

    , , (20%

    , 32% ).

    , ,

    , . , ,

    , (21%)

    (20%). , , 41%

    , , .

  • [33]

    , 23%

    . ,

    (17%), , 2020.

    , ,

    , :

    (51%),

    /, . , ,

    -.

    , ,

    , , ,

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    , 113 ,

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  • [34]

    4

    , ,

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    ,

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    .

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  • [35]

    . , ,

    , . , ,

    ,

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    , .

  • [36]

    4

    i.

    , ,

    ,

    1990,

    2002,

    1. ,

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    (53%),

    . ,

    (35%)

    (29%). , 71% 66%,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    - . ,

    ,

    .

  • [37]

    , ,

    .

    (, ),

    , ,

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    , ,

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    .

    ii.

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  • [38]

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    , .

    ,

    , . ,

    , ,

    , . , ,

    2006, ,

    .

    iii.

    , ,

    , , 2002,

    3. , ,

    - , -

    ,

    2007.

    ,

    , , ,

    , , ,

    , . ,

    , : ,

    ,

    , ,

    , .

  • [39]

    , ,

    ,

    . , 2006,

    , ,

    , UNIFIL II, , .

    , ,

    -. ,

    ,

    , , PM

    Siniora, , .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    , , ,

    , 80% 50%

    .

    , , ,

    , .

    , , ! ,

    , ,

    70% , , .

    , ,

    (54%), (53%).

    iv.

    , , ,

    ,

    ,

    , 4.

    , , ,

    ,

    .

  • [40]

    , ,

    , -

    . ,

    , -

    , -

    . ,

    , ,

    ,

    ENP, .

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    , , ,

    Al- Ahram,

    2000

    - ,

    .

    - , 60%,

    ,

    - . , 12,5%

    .

    , , 2005,

    , , :

    , -

    .

    , .

  • [41]

    .

    ,

    : , ,

    .

    5

    , 2005,

    ,

    (54%), (53%). ,

    ,

    , - ,

    - . ,

    , ,

    ,

    . , Salam Fayyad,

    , ,

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , Mahmoud Abbas, ,

    ,

    .

    , , ,

    , ,

    . ,

    ,

  • [42]

    ,

    .

    , , , ,

    ,

    . , ,

    -

    . ,

    .

    , ,

    , . ,

    .

  • [43]

    ..

  • [44]

    1

    12 2013, ,

    , - ,

    ,

    NAFTA,

    (TTIP), 1. ,

    - ,

    , 1/3

    . TTIP ,

    ,

    , , , .

    ,

    ,

    , 2,7 (2012)

    6,8 (2010).

    ,

    . ,

    .

    ,

    , 1,06 , 2013.

    , 471 535.

    , 65

    . 650 ,

    , 2013, :

    , 262 , , 387 .

    , , , 125 .

  • [45]

    ( ),

    357 . 209 ,

    148 . , , 60

    .

    - , ,

    . ,

    2013, 262,3 , 3,4 2012,

    68%, 2003. ,

    16,6% . ,

    : (47,4 ), (47,4 ),

    (42,7 ), (32 ) (31,7 ).

    , : (31,1 ), (29,9 ),

    (), (25,7 ), (25,4 )

    (20,1 ).

    , , 11,9 . -

    , , 5 .

    : (2,3 ),

    (1,5 ), (860 ), (649 )

    (492 ).

    (

    ), , 208,8 2013,

    4,9% (9,7 ), 2012 107% 2003.

    (,

    ), , ,

    .

    ,

    . , 387,3

  • [46]

    2013, 5,7 2012 52%

    2003. , , 17,1%

    . - :

    (114,6 ), (52,6 ), (45,3 ),

    (38,7 ) (31,6 ). :

    (64,6 ), (48,8 ), (36,9 ),

    (26 ) (24,1 ).

    ,

    17,6 . ,

    . , : (5,2 ),

    (2,2 ), ( ) (1,3

    ), (955 ) (939

    .

    (

    ), 148,4 2013, 5,2

    2012 77% 2003. (,

    ),

    .

    , 125,1

    2013, 7,9% 2012.

    , , , 18,2%

    . ,

    , 60,5 , 8,1% 2012.

    , 2,2

    2012 10% 2011. ,

    , -

    . ,

    , .

  • [47]

    , ,

    554,7 2011

    , 409,9 .

  • [48]

    2

    BRICS

    . BRICS

    i.

    , 1.

    ,

    , , . ,

    , -, 2013 428,1

    . , ,

    49,9 ( 2012)

    .

    2013, ,

    2,9%, 148,1 . , ,

    , 279,9 .

    , -, 2013 131,8 , 10,7%

    2012 22,5%, 2010

    , , ,

    , .

    Eurostat,

    2012, , 2,6% ,

    1%, . ,

    , , 20%,

    28 - , ..

    , , .

    , 2012, 15,5 , ..

    , 7,6 .

  • [49]

    , , 2012, ,

    , 1,82% ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    , . ,

    , 2012, 64%

    , , .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , .

    16 -, 21 2013 ,

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    . , ,

    , , 2,5 (82,8 ),

    (29,8 ). , , (216

    ) , (173,7 ). ,

    1 , , :

    , ,

    .

  • [50]

    ii.

    ,

    2. - , 50

    ,

    , , 335,5 .

    , , 3,5 ,

    64,5 2002, 213,3 2012. ,

    , 34,4 123,2 . ,

    , , ,

    ,

    , 2012.

    ( ),

    , ,

    . ,

    2012, , ' ,

    . (),

    , 84%

    76% . ,

    , , , 6%. ,

    , ,

    , .

    , ,

    75% , - .

    ,

    . 2011, , 24 ,

    , 14 .

    , ,

    ,

    3. 20

    2014, ING, ,

  • [51]

    , 6,7 , 6% 0,04%

    . ING , ,

    .

    Carsten Brzeski, ING, EUobserver,

    ,

    , 0,2%. , 0,2%,

    : ,

    . ,

    , ,

    . ING, ,

    130.000 , ,

    .

    iii.

    (

    ) , 20% , ,

    , 10 4.

    , , 2007, 29,5 9

    . , , 26,3

    6,6 . ,

    , , ,

    , , .

    -, 2000 ,

    , , , .

    , ,

    (10,9 ), , 65%

    , 2007. ,

    : .. ,

    0,5 2006, 9,5 2007.

    ,

    , ,

  • [52]

    ,

    ,

    2007. , , ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    iv.

    ,

    , 34,4%

    (2013). ,

    , , 53%

    . , ,

    , , 21,4%

    , ,

    2,1% . ,

    .

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  • [53]

    , ,

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  • [54]

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  • [55]

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  • [56]

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  • [57]

    2013). ,

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  • [60]

    (23%),

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  • [61]

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  • [67]

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  • [87]

    ANA

    1.Have you heard of the EU? An analysis of global images of the

    European Union, Sonia Lucarelli and Lorenzo Fioramonti, Garnet,

    September 2008

    2.The Laeken Declaration (full text), EUnow.eu3.Facing the Giant: Southern perspectives on the European Union,Lorenzo Fioramonti and Arlo Poletti, Third World Quarterly

    :

    1

    .. 1.The external image of the European Union, Phase 2, Research Report,

    Garnet Working Paper No.5.2.1

    2

    .. BRICS 1.The external image of the European Union, Research Report, Garnet

    Working Paper No.17/07

    2.Chinas EU policy paper, Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China in

    the Hellenic Republic, gr.china-embassy.org

    3.The external images of the EU and their effects: Analysing Russianpolitical discourse, Irina Khayrizamanova, paper prepared for the 4th ECPR

    Graduate Student Conference, Jacobs University, Bremen, 4-6 July 2012

    4.The European Union as a Global Power: Indian perceptions, RajendraK. Jain

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    5.The external image of the European Union, Research Report, Garnet

    Working Paper No.17/07

    6.The external image of the European Union, Research Report, Garnet

    Working Paper No.17/07

    7.The external image of the European Union, Phase 2, Research Report,

    Garnet Working Paper No.5.2.1

    8.The external image of the European Union, Phase 2, Research Report,

    Garnet Working Paper No.5.2.1

    9.External Images of the EU: Comparative Analysis of EUrepresentations in three major South Korean newspapers and their

    internet editions, Sue Won Chung, National Centre for Research on Europe,

    August 2013

    10. , ,

    , , 2014

    3

    , 1.The external image of the European Union, Research Report, Garnet

    Working Paper No.17/07

    2.The external image of the European Union, Research Report, Garnet

    Working Paper No.17/07

    3.The external image of the European Union, Research Report, Garnet

    Working Paper No.17/07

    4. , ,

    , , 2014

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    4

    1.The external image of the European Union, Phase 2, Research Report,

    Garnet Working Paper No.5.2.1

    2.The external image of the European Union, Phase 2, Research Report,

    Garnet Working Paper No.5.2.1

    3.The external image of the European Union, Phase 2, Research Report,

    Garnet Working Paper No.5.2.1

    4.The external image of the European Union, Research Report, Garnet

    Working Paper No.17/07

    5. , ,

    , , 2014

    ..

    1

    1.European Union, Office of the United States Trade Representative,

    www.ustr.gov

    2

    BRICS

    1.China, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    2.Russia-EU relations, Trade, Permanent Mission of the Russian,

    www.russianmission.eu

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    3.Can Europe afford a Russia trade war?, Benjamin Fox, EUobserver,Brussels, 22/8/2014

    4.India, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    5.South Africa, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    6.H , , , 11 (2) 2005: 182-198

    7.Mexico, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    8.Venezuela, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    9.South Korea, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    3

    ,

    1.Canada, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    2.Australia, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    3.Japan, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    4

    1.Iran, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

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    2.Palestine, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    3.Lebanon, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    4.Egypt, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    1. , , Foreign Affairs,

    2014

    1.Have you heard of the EU? An analysis of global images of the

    European Union, Sonia Lucarelli and Lorenzo Fioramonti, Garnet,

    September 2008

    2.The Laeken Declaration (full text), EUnow.eu3.Facing the Giant: Southern perspectives on the European Union,Lorenzo Fioramonti and Arlo Poletti, Third World Quarterly

    4.The external image of the European Union, Phase 2, Research Report,

    Garnet Working Paper No.5.2.1

    5.The external image of the European Union, Research Report, Garnet

    Working Paper No.17/07

    6Chinas EU policy paper, Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China in

    the Hellenic Republic, gr.china-embassy.org

    7The external images of the EU and their effects: Analysing Russianpolitical discourse, Irina Khayrizamanova, paper prepared for the 4th ECPR

    Graduate Student Conference, Jacobs University, Bremen, 4-6 July 2012

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    8.The European Union as a Global Power: Indian perceptions, RajendraK. Jain

    9.External Images of the EU: Comparative Analysis of EUrepresentations in three major South Korean newspapers and their

    internet editions, Sue Won Chung, National Centre for Research on Europe,

    August 2013

    10. , ,

    , , 2014

    11.European Union, Office of the United States Trade Representative,

    www.ustr.gov

    12.China, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    13.Russia-EU relations, Trade, Permanent Mission of the Russian,

    www.russianmission.eu

    14.Can Europe afford a Russia trade war?, Benjamin Fox, EUobserver,Brussels, 22/8/2014

    15.India, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    16.South Africa, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    17.H , , , 11 (2) 2005: 182-198

    18.Mexico, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    19.Venezuela, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    20.South Korea, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

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    21.Canada, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    22.Australia, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    23.Japan, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    24.Iran, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    25.Palestine, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    26.Lebanon, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    27.Egypt, Countries and Regions, Trade, European Commission,

    www.ec.europa.eu

    28. , , Foreign Affairs,

    2014