1.2.

(Allergic conjunctivitis) IgE

- - - -

1. antihistamine2. steroids

(bacterial conjunctivitis) Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitides, Neisseria gonorrhoeaePseudomonas aeruginosa

- - -

1. erythromycin ointment, bacitracin-polymixin B, gentamycin, neomycin 2. levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin pseudomonas3.

(viral conjunctivitis) adenovirus 1. (antihistamine)2. antibiotics 3. 2

(cataract)- - steroids

1. 2. antioxidants 3. 65

1. 2. Dihydroazapentacene polysulfonate (Quinax) Pirenoxine (Catalin)

(glaucoma) (intraocular pressure) 1. Open angle glaucoma 2. Angle closure glaucoma 1. Beta blockers; timolol, Glauco-oph2. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; Azopt3. Miotic; Pilogel HS4.Prosaglandin; xalatan5. Alpha agonist; Alphagen

(pinguecula)(pterygium) *

antazoline, tetrahydrozoline steroids hyarulonate

(hodeolum/style) Staphylococcus aureus chalazion

1. 2. antibiotics bacitracin ointment, tobramycin solution erythromycin, cloxacillin, dicloxcillin, tetracycline, doxycycline 3.

(trachoma) Chlamydia trachomatis intracellular bacteria 4 1. 1-2 2.

3. 4.

1. antibiotics tetracycline, erythromycin tetracycline 4 6 azithromycin 2.

bacterialviralallergic

S. epidermatitis, S. aureusAdenovirus, PicornavirusAllergens

/

10-14 7-14

Antihistamine, Antibiotics eye drop/ointments Antihistamine, Antibiotics, Antiviral eyedrops/ointments Antihistamine eyedrops/ointments

1. (otitis media) 8 Eustachian tube 2 Gram negative bacilli E. coli E. coli 14 S. pneumoniae(20-35%), H. influenza, group A beta-hymolytic streptococci, Moraxella catarrhalis, S. aureus Acute otitis media Otitis media with effusion acute otitis media

2. 2 2.1 (flu) 2.2 S. pneumoniae, H. influenza 3. 3.1 Penicillin V 250 mg q 6h. x 12 days ( 14 )3.2 Amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day 3 8 7-12 ( 14 H. influenza )3.3 penicillin erythromycin 250 mg 6 3.4 Trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) 3.4.1 2 8/40 mg/kg 12 ( 2 kernicterus ( bilirubin )3.4.2 160/800 mg/kg 12 3.5 cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin-calv, clarithromycin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone 3.6 Paracetamol 10-15 mg/kg/dose (500 mg q 4-6 h), Ibuprofen3.7 tarivid ear drop (oflox) 5-8 4. (impact cerumen) keratinocyte attachment destroying substance, :

1. Cerumolytic 2.5% sodium bicarbonate, 3% hydrogen peroxide in glycerin, olive oil, 1% docusate sodium2. Ear irrigation 5. 6. Vertigo : cochlea dysfunction, viruses, labynrinth abnormalities, drugs aminoglycosides, loop diuretics anxiolytic vasodilators vertigo Drug classDrugAdult dose

AntimuscarinicSopolamineTopical 1 patch (0.5 mg) q 72 hr

H1 antagonistCyclizine50 mg q 4-6 h

Meclizine12.5-25 mg tid-qid

Dimenhydrinate50-100 mg q 4-6 h

PhenothiazinePromethazine25 mg q 8-12 hr

AntiemeticsTrimethobenzamide250 mg tid-qid

H1 agonistBetahistine, flunarizine, 8-16 mg 3 times daily or

Cinnarizine 24 mg twice daily; usual dosage range: 24-48 mg daily in divided doses

Calcium channel blockersFlunarizine

Usual dose, 20 milligrams 3 times daily

Cinnarizine 75 milligrams (mg) once or twice daily, followed by a maintenance dose of 75 mg once daily

7. Tinnitus aminoglycosides, erythromycin, minocycline, Vancomycin, chloroquine, quinine, cisplatin, furosemide, NSAIDs, TCA 8. Otomycosis steroids Aspergillus niger (80-90%) Candida albican, Dermatophytes clotrimazole cream, nystatin cream 9. Furunculosis S. aureus antibiotics dicloxacillin antibiotics

1. Allergic rhinitis - allergic conjunctivitis - IgE - 2 seasonal perennial (rhinorrhea) post nasal drip Non pharmacologic: Pharmacologic: Antihistamine (H1 antagonist) Decongestant (topical spray) 3-5 rebound vasodilation Nasal corticosteroids Cromolyn sodium spray (mast cell stabilizer) Ipratropium nasal spray anticholinergic agent, immunotherapy 2. (Epitaxis)- - - anterior epitaxis () posteria epitaxis () 2 5-10 10 3. Sinusitis Streptococcus pneumoniae streptococci , Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus 5 - Acute rhinosinusitis 4 - Subacute rhinosinusitis 4 3 - Chronic rhinosinusitis 3 - Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis 4 1 - Acute exacerbation on chronic rhinosinusitis , (Ostia) 10 14 (Thin/lear) (Thick) (Purulent) () 10 (Maxillaty toothache) 1. 1.1 1.2 vasoconstrincting drugs - Pseudoephredrine 60-120 3-4 - oxymetazoline 0.05% 1-2 6-8 3 antihistamine 1.3 serratiopeptidase 2. 10-14 amoxicillin ampicillin 250-500 8 amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium - Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160/800 12 - Erythromycin 250-500 6 - Cephalosporins - Cephalexin 250-500 6 - Cefuroxime 250 12 - Cefaclor 250 8 - Ceprozil 250 6 - Tetracyclines - Doxycycline 100 12 1 - Tetracycline 250-500 6 - Quinolines Ciprofloxacin 500 12

1. (Aphthous) 1 2 B12 1. 2. topical corticosteroids triamcinolone acetonide paste 4 3. Topical antibiotics tetracycline 4. 2. 1. Acute Laryngitis 2. Vocal Nodules vocal nodules (singers nodes) 3. Smoking 4. Gastroesophageal Reflux 5. 3. (oral thrush)

(Oropharyngeal infection) Candidiasis (pseudomembranous) (thush) (erythrematous form) (angular cheilitis) Candida (mucous membrane) (leukoplakia-like) (ulcerative lesion) candidiasis CD4+ 100 CD4+ 10 - Fluconazole 100 mg PO od ---> 150 mg PO od - Clotrimazole troches 100 mg 5 ---> - Clotrimazole Vg. tab 100 mg tab BID-TID ---> - Nystatin 4 6 ml (100,000 U/ml) ---> - Itraconazole solution 200 mg PO od- 7 14