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- 114 - jha;tPL • ngg;gputup February 2014
vdJ rpWtajpy; ghlrhiy khztdhd
,Ue;j ,jaypq;fk; xUehs; fOj;jpy;
G+rpa mupjhuk; mopahj epiyapy; tFg;
Gf;F te;jpUe;jhu;. Nfl;ljw;F Kjy;
ehs; ,uT eilngw;w jdJ je;ij
ahupd; ehlfj;jpy; ebj;jjhf ,jad;
nrhd;dhu;. vkf;nfy;yhk; Mr;rupakhf
,Ue;jJ> tFg;gpy; kpfTk; mikjpahf
,Ug;gtd; NkilNawp ebf;fpwhNd vd;W.
,e;j ehlf <LghL vkf;Fs; el;ig
,Wf;fkhf;fp mtuJ tPLtiu nry;fpd;w
msTf;Fr; nrd;wJ.
ey;Y}u; fy;tpak;gjpf;F mz;kpj;j fl;lg;
guha; vd;w ,lj;jpy; 3k; fl;ilabapy;
mtuJ tPL ,Ue;jJ. tPl;Lf;Fg; ngau;
‘fiyf;Ftpay;’. tPl;bd; xU gFjpapy;>
Kfl;by; vy;yhk; ehlfg; nghUl;fs;
njhq;fpagb fple;jd. ngaUf;F Vw;g
tPLk; fiyf;Ftpayhf ,Ue;jJ.
me;j tPl;Lf;F mUfpy; ,yq;fehafp
kNdhd;kzp mk;kd; Nfhapy; cs;sJ.
,yq;fehafp mk;kd; vd;w ngaupy;
NtW mk;kd; Nfhapy;fs; ,yq;ifapy;
,Uf;fpwjh vd;W njupatpy;iy. me;jf;
Nfhapypy; tUlhtUlk; eilngWk; kfh
rptuhj;jpup tpoh kpfTk; gpurpj;jkhdJ.
md;W gfypy; tPjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; tpis
ahl;L> tpNehj cilg; Nghl;bfSld;
me;j tpoh Muk;gkhFk;. md;W ,uT
tPjpapy; mikf;fg;gl;l Nkilapy; ehlfq;
fs; ,lk;ngWk;. ehd;F rhkg; G+irf
Sf;F kl;Lk; NfhapYf;Fs; nry;Yk;
gf;ju;fs; G+ir Kbe;jJk; tPjpf;F te;J
ehlfq;fisg; ghu;j;J epj;jpiu nfhs;
shJ kfpo;Tw;whu;fs;. fhiyapy; toq;
fg;gLk; md;djhdj;Jld; rptuhj;jpup
tpoh ,dpNj KbTWk;.
,j;jifa Gfo;ngw;w kfhrptuhj;jpup
tpohtpd; ehafd; jhd; fiyQd; Nfif
aypq;fk;. ehd; Kd;du; Fwpg;gpl;l ez;
gd; ,jadpd; je;ijahu;.
Nkilapy; Kbjupj;J kd;ddhf fu;[pf;
Fk; Nfifaypq;fk; me;jg; gFjpapd;
Kb#lh kd;ddhf tpsq;fpatu;. Cupy;
,lk;ngWk; ve;jr; rr;ruTfisAk; jPu;j;J
itf;fpw ty;yikkpf;ftuhf mtu;
jpfo;e;jhu;.
1931y; fl;lg;guhapy; gpwe;j ehfuj;jpdk;
Nfifaypq;fk; jdJ Muk;gf;fy;tpia
fy;tpak;gjp irtg; ghlrhiyapYk;
cau;fy;tpia aho;. gup. Nahthd; fy;
Y}upapYk; gapd;wtu;. Mq;fpy %yf;
fy;tpapy; Nju;r;rp ngw;w ,tu; jdJ 20
tajpy; nfhOk;G rpdpkh]; ypkpl;lw;wpy;
Ntiyf;Fr; Nru;e;jhu;.
gup.Nahthd; fy;Y}upapy; gapYk; fhyj;
jpy; rpj;jpuk; tiujypy; rpwe;j khzt-
dhf tpsq;fpdhu;. fy;Y}upapd; rpj;jpu
Mrpupau; ey;iyah mtu;fspd; jPl;Lj
ypy; tPupak; ngw;w ,tu; mfpy ,yq;if
uPjpapy; eilngw;w rpj;jpug; Nghl;bapy;
gupR ngw;wpUe;jhu;.
jdJ 14 tJ tajpy; ehlfq;fspy; ebf;f
Muk;gpj;j Nfifaypq;fk; ghlrhiyfs;>
Cu; kd;wq;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpak;gjp
Qhdgh];fNuhjak; rq;fk; Nghd;wtw;
wpd; fiytpohf;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; ehl
fq;fspy; gq;Fnfhz;lhu;. ,tNu ehl
fq;fisAk; jahupj;J NkilNaw;wpdhu;.
1960y; fiyf;Ftpay; ehlf kd;wj;ij
Muk;gpj;J gy jukhd ehlfq;fis
NkilNaw;wpdhu;. Muk;g ehl;fspy; jdJ
tprhykhd tPl;L tsTf;Fs; ehlf
tpohf;fs; elj;jpdhu;. r%f> rupj;jpu>
,jpfhr> Guhz eifr;Rit ehlfq;fs;
vd;W gyjug;gl;l urq;fs; epiwe;j
ehlfq;fspy; fjhehafd; NtlNkw;W
kf;fs; kdjpy; jpwikahd fiyQ
dhf kpspu;e;jhu;.
kNdhd;kzp> G+k;Gfhu; Nghd;w rupj;jpu>
,jpfhr ehlq;fSk; gpufyhjd;>rFe;jiy>
fhspjh];> khu;f;fz;Nlad;> jpUtpis
ahly;> rj;jpathd; rhtpj;jpup Nghd;w
Guhz ehlfq;fSk; G+rhup nghd;idah
Nghd;w eifr;Rit ehlfq;fSk; mts;
nrd;w ghij Nghd;w r%f ehlfq;f
Sk; ,tUf;Fg; Gfo; Nru;j;j ehlfq;
fSs; rpythFk;. kfhrpthuhj;jpup tpoh
Tf;fhf ,tu; Vuhskhd Guhz ehl
fq;fis NkilNaw;wpdhu;. ,tuJ ehlf
Mu;tj;Jf;F Mrpupau; rutzgtd; mtu;
fs; Mf;fKk; Cf;fKk; mspj;J te;
jpUe;jhu;. Nfifaypq;fk; jdJ ehl
fq;fspy; jd; gps;isfSf;Fk; rpW rpW
ghj;jpuq;fs; nfhLj;J ebf;f itj;jhu;.
,tuJ fiyf;Ftpay; ehlfkd;wj;jpd;
%yk; ebg;Gf;fiy gapd;W Gfo;ngw;w
fiyQu;fs; gyu;. ,tu;fspy; fzgjp
utPe;jpud;> nry;tuh[h> kNdhfud;> ghyr;
re;jpud;> NahNfe;jpuuh[h> FNye;jpud;>
etuj;jpdk;> ifyhaehjd; MfpNahu;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;.
me;ehl;fspy; ehlfq;fs; NghLtJ vd;
gJ ,yFthd fhupakhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
njd;id kuq;fisj; jwpj;J mtw;
iwj; Jz;Lfshf;fp> Mokhf epyj;jpy;
jhl;L> nfhj;jdhu; Ntiynra;Ak; xU
tuplk; gyiffis ,uty; ngw;Wk;>
kuf;fhiy itj;jpUf;Fk; ez;guplk;
kuq;fs; ngw;Wk; Nkil mikg;gJ fb-
dkhdnjhd;W. ,jw;Nf ,uz;L ehl;f
Sk;> gyupd; cly; ciog;Gk; Njitg;
gLk;. mJTk; nfhOk;gpy; Ntiy nra;J
nfhz;L Cupy; tpohit elj;JtJ fy;
ypy; ehu; cupf;fpw fhupaNk. vdpDk;
,jid Nfifaypq;fk; gy tUlq;f
shf tUlk;NjhWk; kpfTk; rpwe;j jpl;l
kplYld; rpwg;ghfr; nra;Jte;jhu;. ,tuJ
tpohTf;fhd xypaikg;ig NubNah];
gjp epWtdKk; xsp mikg;G> jpiur;
rPiy> Nkf;fg; Nghd;wtw;iw ngd;rkpd;
ck; ifahz;Lte;jdu;.
nfhOk;gpy; rpdpkh]; ypkpl;lw; ,y; ,tu;
Ntiy nra;j ehl;fs; fiyapd; NtW
gupkhzj;ijf; nfhz;lJ. nfhl;lhQ;
NridapYs;s mYtyfj;jpy; Fkh];
jhthfj; njhopiy Muk;gpj;j ,tu;
gpd;du; jpNal;lu; kNd[uhf cau;T
ngw;whu;. ,Wjpahf rpdpkh]; ypkpl;lw;
epWtdj;jpd; tp[ah ];&bNahtpy;
Gulf;\d; kNd[uhf cau;e;J ,isg;
ghwpdhu;. ,e;ehl;fspy; gy rpq;fsg;
glq;fs; tj;jisapYs;s me;j ];&b
Nahtpy; glkhf;fg;gl;ld. fhkpdp nghd;
Nrfh> tp[a FkhuzJq;f> N[h mga
tpf;fpuk> khypdp nghd;Nrfh> tp[pj
ky;ypfh> [Pthuhzp> re;jpahFkhup Nghd;w
gpugy fiyQu;fspdJk;> ny];lu; N[k;];
gPup]; Nghd;w rpwe;j newpahsu;fspd
Jk; glq;fspy; Gulf;\d; kNd[uhfg;
gzpahw;wpdhu;. ,tuJ nrayhw;wy; fhu
zkhf ngUk; rpq;fsf; fiyQu;fshYk;>
njhopy; El;gtpayhsu;fshYk; ‘ypq;fk;
khj;ijah’ vd;W md;ghf miof;fg;
gl;ltu; ,tu;.
jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;> rpq;fsk; Mfpa Kk;
nkhopfspYk; jpwk;glg; NgrTk;> thrpf;
fTk;> vOjTk; Gyikngw;w Nfifa
ypq;fk; mtu;fspd; Mw;wYf;fhf fhkpdp
nghd;Nrfh ebj;j ‘,d;iwtpl ehis
rpwe;jJ’ vd;w rpq;fsg;glj;Jf;fhfg; ghuhl;
Lg; ngw;wtu;.
ehlff;fiy> jpiug;glf;fiy vd;gtw;
Wld; epd;Wtplhky; ,tu; ‘khryhl;’
Nghd;w jw;fhg;Gf;fiy kw;Wk; ky;Aj;
jf;fiy vd;gtw;iwAk; Kiwg;gb gapd;
whu;. nfhOk;G Y.M.C.A y; ,jw;fhdgapw;rpia ,tu; ngw;whu;. mJ kl;Lky;
yhJ jkpoupd; ghuk;gupa jw;fhg;Gf;
fiyahd rpyk;gj;ijAk; fw;Wj;Nju;e;jhu;.
rpwe;j flTs; gf;juhfTk;> [PtfhUz;ak;
kpf;ftuhfTk; tpsq;fpatu; Nfifaypq;
fk; mtu;fs;. xUKiw ehlff; FOT
ld; Etnuypah nrd;w NghJ ,tu;fs;
gazk; nra;j g]; tz;b jlk;Guz;L
ngUk; gs;sj;jhf;fpDs; tpOe;jJ. vdp
Dk;> vy;NyhUk; md;W capu;jg;gpdu;.
,tuJ [PtfhUz;aj;Jf;F ,d;DnkhU
rk;gtj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLthu;fs;. ,e;jpa
,uhZt fhyj;jpy; re;jpuNrfug;gps;is
ahu; Nfhapypy; ,tu; jQ;rk; GFe;jpUe;j
ehl;fspy; mJ ele;jJ. xU ntspehl;
Lj; jk;gjpapdu; jkJ gps;isAld; fhupy;
te;jNghJ> me;jf; fhiu ,e;jpa ,uh
Ztk; ntbitj;Jj; jfu;j;jJ. jk;gjp
apdu; ];jyj;jpNyNa nfhy;yg;gl;ldu;.
jpUney;Ntypapy; uhkrhkpg; gupahup tPl;
Lf;F mz;ikapy; eilngw;w mr;rk;g
tj;jpd;NghJ me;jg;gps;is J}f;fp tPrg;
gl;L Njhl;lk; xd;wpy; tpOe;J fple;jJ.
rpW fhaq;fSld; jg;gpa me;jf; Foe;
ijia jd; gps;is Nghy; guhkupj;jtu;
Nfifaypq;fk; mtu;fs;. gy khjq;
fspd; gpd;du; ntspehl;bypUe;j ngw;
Nwhupd; nrhe;jf;fhuu; te;J gps;is
iag; nghWg;ngLj;j NghJ te;jtu;fs;
ed;wpf;fhf ,tUf;Fg; gzk; nfhLf;f
tpUk;gpdu;. MapDk; f\;lkhd #o;ep
iyapYk; fhir mtu; thq;ftpy;iy.
mg;gbahd xU [PtfhUz;athjp mtu;.
,t;thW gy Kfq;fs; nfhz;l Nfif
aypq;fk; mtu;fspd; nraw;ghLfSf;Fg;
gpd;jskhf epd;W nraw;gLgtu; mtuJ
Jiztpahuhd fkyhl;rp MFk;. mtu;
nfhOk;gpy; Ntiy nra;j ehl;fspy;
Cupy; ehlfq;fspd; Muk;g Ntiyfis
kpfTk; Kidg;Gld; nra;Jte;jtu; mt
uJ JiztpahNu. ehlfg; gpujpfisg;
ghu;gJ> ehlfq;fisg; gof;FtJ> Nkf;
fg; NghLjy;> Nghd;w rfy Ntiyf
isAk; nra;Ak; ty;yik ngw;wtu; mtu;.
,j;jk;gjpapdUf;F Nty;tpop> mUs;nkhop
vd;Dk; ngz;gps;isfSk; ehd;F Mz;
gps;isfSk; cs;sdu;. je;ijiag;
Nghy; ,tuJ Mz;gps;isfs; midt
Uk; fiyfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;w
du;. jpiug;glk;> ehlfk;> ,ir> Gifg;g
lk; vd;W Gfo;ngw;w fkyd;> ehlff;
fiyQd; ,jad;> tPbNah> Gifg;glf;
fiyQd; Uj;jpud;> thdk;ghb Gfo;
eu;j;jdd; MfpNahu; ,tuJ Gjy;tu;f
shFk;.
,q;F rp.vd;. ltupy; Ntiy nra;J Xa;T
ngw;w fiyQd; Nfifaypq;fk; mtu;
fs; jw;NghJ mikjpahf tho;itf;
fspj;JtUfpwhu;.
115
fiyQd; Nfifaypq;fk;
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