COST MC Chair PROF. PASQUALE COMMENDATORE Università di Napoli 'Federico II' Dipartimento di Economia I-80139 Napoli Italy commenda@unina.it May, 2013

Short Term Scientific Mission Report

Action: COST IS1104 „The EU in the new complex geography of economic systems: models, tools and policy evaluation”

Date of the visit: 28.03.2013 - 27.04.2013

STSM type: Regular (from Romania to Portugal) COST STSM Reference Number: COST-STSM-ECOST-STSM-IS1104-

010413-024718

STSM Research Theme: „Economics of the earthquake risk mitigation in the urban and constructive structure” STSM Applicant: Dr. Maria BOSTENARU DAN, „Ion Mincu” University of

Architecture and Urbanism, Department of Urban Design and Landscape Planning, 010014 Bucharest, Romania, maria.bostenaru@iaim.ro STSM Host: Dr. Diana Aldea Mendes, ISCTE-IUL (Instituto Superior de

Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa), Avenida

das Forcas Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal, deam@iscte.pt

Contents of the report: 1. purpose of the STSM; 2. description of the work carried out during the STSM; 3. description of the main results obtained; 4. future collaboration with host institution; 5. foreseen publications/articles resulting or to result from the STSM; 6. confirmation by the host institution of the successful execution of the

STSM; 7. other comments 8. literature.

1. Purpose of the mission

The purpose of this mission is to explore an aspect of disaster management to which little research exist, namely the economic aspects. The topic is based on over 10 years of dealing with the subject, and while this will lead to a transfer of knowledge to the host institution, the new aspects related to the activity of the COST action will contribute to the professional development of the grantee. The priority areas of the COST action touched are the roles of game theory, agent based modeling and to lesser extent networks and urban public policies in designing decision systems for earthquake risk management. The accent here

lays mainly on game theory, and on the way cooperative action is modeled, since intervention in case of a disaster involves multiple actors. Therefore also alternatives to game theory such as drama theory will be looked at, in a comprehensive literature review. Aim is to design which components of the real situation can be brought in the abstract (IT) model of a game to support decision making between the actors involved in decision about preventive retrofit compared to post-earthquake repair, the so-called planned conservation. The difference between the mathematical model in collaborative game theory and the architectural/urban approach of designing participative processes through games will be investigated and reported on. These aspects relate to urban policies. At the same time, the involvement of these multiple actors in the decision system links to agent based modeling. The aim of the research in this context will be setting up a comparison between the classical decision making (by means of computer supported expert opinion consulting) with computer simulated agent based modeling, drawing conclusions on the advantages and the disadvantages of the two approaches. The above mentioned drama theory and the related conflict solving software are the first part of the equation, where the balancing is done by the experts. Agent based modeling has been however successfully applied in designing resource allocation systems after an earthquake event, a moment in planning which links to the third component related to the action, the networks. In this particular field to which the proposed STSM is related street networks have been identified playing a key role. The outcome will be the respective comparison tables and the ontology of the model.

A possible case study could be Lisbon, on which the applicant has worked during an STSM within a previous COST action, and even before that, to model the impact of the earthquake, but without reaching the economic aspects. In particular it can relate to the development of the Baixa quarter and the timber frame typology there. Conclusions can be then drawn for the home city of Bucharest, where several national funded projects on related topics are running.

The ISCTE also has an architecture and urbanism department, with which specialist views can be exchanged, and specialists in the field of earthquake engineering from Lisbon are known to the applicant.

2. Works performed during the STSM

- research The aim of this paper is to explore an aspect of disaster management to which

little research exist, namely the economic aspects. The priority areas of the COST action touched are the roles of game theory, agent based modeling and to lesser extent networks and urban public policies in designing decision systems for earthquake risk management. In this paper a research encompassing the following will be presented: 1. Review process First of all a review of literature dealing with the economic value of building

restoration, particularly the rehabilitation of historic city centres, was performed,

as earthquake retrofit concerns such historic buildings designed before seismic provisions were developed. This is in line with different European platforms dealing with the subject which we try to attract in the COST action. Then a review of novel approaches such as game theory, drama theory and

conflict based software for multi-criteria decision problems of economic efficiency in the field of climate change and natural disasters was performed. City building games are actually construction management games, based on the same rules as devices. SimCity included in the 2D version simulations of events such as fire after earthquake in San Francisco. We looked at both computer games and hard copy board games, especially at their rules. Drama theory is an alternative way to game theory to look at decision making as the one developed so far by the first author based on utility-value or the one this is compared to in the analytic hierarchy process/balancing method we will approach at decision. Although we look to actors at building scale, the balacing method has been initially developed by Strassert for regional science, which is in the aim of the COST action. So far drama theory has been applied to dealing with climate change (Jason et al, 2009). This project aims to translate the balancing principles for earthquake protection into an actionable management environment. In frame of the drama theory an agreement is looked for, and this can be supported by a software called „confrontation manager” (http://www.ideasciences.com/products/confrontationmanager/ ), one concurring with other attempts. We had a look at various software applications supporting decision in the context we are looking at. The exploitable foreground out our Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant PIANO was: 1. The idea of ontology for zoning, which can be used for the development of

object oriented software dedicated at project management in construction industry, other than based on spaces or building elements as it is now. Ontologies are a way of organsing data types for object oriented programming. Right now the software for facility management is based on project management, so this would be a new approach. Additional work includes the definition of taxonomies and the creation of a database to try out the concept. The two exploitable foregrounds are conected by the sense of ontologies/semantics, but differ in the field of application. 2. Relationship between function and sign (semantics, as seen by Umberto

Eco, philosophy) applyed to the zonification of this housing, to be connected with the ontology. Umberto Eco used ontology and semantics in its philosophic sense. In order to make it an exploitable foreground, the definitions have to be converted to those used in computer science, especially semantic web. Along these lines we looked into how Building Information Modelling, in our

concrete case the archiCAD software, can be employed in restoration projects, to which building retrofit is a special case. Further, the functional relationships identified in zoning in the project PIANO can be further investigated by means of the so-called „space syntax”, to be investigated with a related software (http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/ajax/ ). The computation of prices in the utility-value method is namely based on this function. A second step was looking at the application of game theory for urban

simulation of the economic environment: review of architecture and urbanism games and their potential, and translation of the resources from the economic computations used at building scale to the urban scale of games using similar rules to existing board and online games. (see details at modeling). We reviewed, in view to our decision approach, the contribution of the European project SIREN Social games for conflIct REsolution based on natural iNteraction (http://sirenproject.eu/ ). Games can also serve the participative dimension of risk communication and disaster prevention awareness. For example, loss models by Glaister and Pinho (2003) and Borzi (2008) will be used to translate the costs for post-earthquake repair or preventive retrofit from building scale to regional scale. The former method is adequate for reinforced concrete buildings. The way city management games deal with building is strongly related to our computation of preventive retrofit and post-earthquake reparation costs, since it takes into account the resources: materials and people, needed for a certain building element. At the same time it is different from the functional surfaces based computation explained previously. We looked at two kinds of games: cooperative and conflict based games. The conflict based games put face to face restoration and demolition, an example is the Romanian game „Habitat”. Economic aspects play a key role, since demolition and rebuild open the way for speculation and faster wins than in the public participation supported restoration. Cooperative games include such as the ones inspired by the novels of Ken Follett, a different medium to the book and the film we also looked at, and there all players contribute to building the landmarks. The comparison between the digital and non digital implementation of the game was subject of a previous research. The way building is performed was explained previously. Intervention in case of a disaster involves multiple actors, and this could be the basis of a new game. Aim is to design which components of the real situation can be brought in the abstract (IT) model of a game to support decision making between the actors involved in decision about preventive retrofit compared to post-earthquake repair, the so-called planned conservation. The difference between the mathematical model in collaborative game theory and the architectural/urban approach of designing participative processes through games was investigated. These aspects relate to urban public policies. The study of Markov populations for example can be related to public policies to relate to disasters (Canbolat, 2013), more suitable however for man-made ones. At the same time, the involvement of these multiple actors in the decision system links to agent based modeling. Going out from a decision tree which we developed between 4 actors: architect,

engineer, investor and user, with the later going over to participative models, a review of similar (the group around Caterino, 2009) and alternative decision systems for earthquake resilient planning, ex. agent based modeling of allocation of ressources in post-earthquake intervention (Fiedrich, 2006), including the functioning of the street network was performed. The actors have been selected to incorporate a variety of criteria used historically for decision making, including project implementations, theoretical models, and databases of various associations. Several novel methods will be used in developing decision models. These include (i) traditional quantitative decision trees and qualitative balancing

methods (Bostenaru, 2004) and (ii) newer methods based on adaptive decision trees. The particularities of the newer methods are based on interdependencies between the various criteria (as supporting or aggravating each other), and developing them into a programming environment (as an ontology). 2. Setting up comparative analyses First a comparison between agent based modeling (fully computer based choice

of ressources to be employed in earthquake protection for example) and our approach of decision as well as the drama theory related one was performed. Agent based modeling also involves expert opinion, but not in real time. Instead, plans of reaction in case of a disaster are available for choice after comunication between the agents. Our analysis shows that agent based modeling is more suitable for processes of linear action, such as spread of fire and movement along the street network (thus touching a third element relevant for the action), than for modeling the cooperation in predisaster retrofit for example, which is directed to specifically chosen buildings or elements of a building, difficult to model also on GIS, for which reason BIM is more adequate. However, we emphasize the role of agent based modeling for the modeling of resource allocation, the process of retrofit and repair being also one of resource allocation (materials and people). Comparison tables are the outcome. A further development will be the application of a Monte Carlo simulation to

numerical simulations at building scale used for the computation of costs using the retrofit elements method developed by the applicant; comparison with real examples of earthquake retrofit and their costs (planned conservation: preventive retrofit versus post-earthquake repair). 3. Modeling The grid of the planned (re)construction, from case studies to computer games

was subject of the modeling. Case study was Lisbon, on which the applicant has worked during an STSM within a previous COST action (TU0801), and even before that, to model the impact of the earthquake, but without reaching the economic aspects. In particular it can relate to the development of the Baixa quarter and the timber frame typology there. Conclusions can be then drawn for the home city of Bucharest, where several national funded projects on related topics are running. The Baixa quarter has a grid structure typical for the geometric development of Baroque cities when reconstruction was done, and is therefore suitable for this research. We visited several museums in Lisbon which visualise, interactively in multimedia or not this new urban development, having contact with some of the developers of the software to present GIS content on 3D hard copy model and with researchers of the reflection of the postearthquake development today. In continuation of the previous STSM we identified some of the landmarks presented in the Azulejos depiction of pre1755 earthquake Lisbon in the city, with the aim of a 3D city model, from eye level and from above, using Lisbon’s numerous „miradouros” (points of looking from a hill). The 3D city model would assure going over from the building size to the city size, thus modeling the region as required by the action. A special attention was given to Lisbon’s green walls, a feature supported by the particular climate, and to the way green spaces contribute to economic development, such a feature being of potential use in

earthquake reconstruction, if happening today. The modeling of the costs at the level of ressources as from device based

computation of costs at the single building included the definition of the interface between structural engineering results and construction economics computation, based on either element costs computation - applicable for the rough structure - or on functional space surface computation - including architectural finishings. In a forework to ontology we completed several forms on structural taxonomy of buildings, following World Housing Encyclopedia reports (http://www.world-housing.net/related-projects/share-your-knowledge-of-buildings/building-taxonomy-summary-reports ), for which we also analysed to criteria according to the decision tree. It includes employment of the developed ontology for elements and ontology for spaces and how this can react to common architectural design and building management software such as, for example, archiCAD and its new - 2011 - building rehabilitation module. The resources can be translated in the symbols related to materials or building elements in a game, and build thus a basis for collaborative decision in bargaining in an earthquake risk management environment. We envisage further cooperation in developing this with a similar university in Hungary which does research in economic bargain games and in landscape planning, connected to our findings resulting the role of green spaces in reconstruction. The ontology of decision (the IT component of the modeling) must adapt again from another more frequent approach, that of energy modeling (O’Donell et al, 2013, but also present in the archiCAD module) to our topic, of structural earthquake retrofit. The results of the modeling will be integrated into a decision system based on

regression between the two scales: building object and urban scale of the quarter. - meetings and collaboration

The grantee met with the STSM supervisor every Tuesday and Thursday (last

week: Friday) to discuss the progress of the research. 2. April 2013: Meeting with Slobodan Radicev, the president of EURODOC, to

discuss about further cooperation. This includes also an application to EduCoach as online mentor for doctorate studies. 7. April 2013. Meeting with Vitor Coias, president of STAP, a Portuguese

enterprise specialised in restoration of historic buildngs, and discussion about the economic value of restoration, including advice on reference books (see literature). Previous contacts with Vitor Coias included the permit to visit the restoration of a pombaline building. Vitor Coias is member of the same ICOMOS group which will meet in Guimaraes as reported below. 10. April 2013. Visit to Coimbra, host Dr. Paulo Peixoto, Centre of Social

Studies. This meeting stays in connection with several former endeavours. Claudia Carvalho presented a study on arts and participation in central Portugal at the EURODOC Meeting, and she works in that centre. Dr. Paulo Peixoto coordinated the Portuguese group in a Culture 2007 project entitled „Eau comme

patrimoine” (http://www.ces.uc.pt/epat/pages/pt/apresentacao.php ) which ended the week after, in which the home university was a partner. The Coimbra exhibition will come to Bucharest in May, and there is room for further collaboration since the CES Coimbra has a subsidiary in Lisbon. 11. Aprl 2013. Meeting with Prof. Carlos Sousa Oliveira and Prof. Ana Tostoes at

the IST Lisbon. Prof. Carlos Sousa Oliveira invited us to the talk about which we report lated. Prof. Ana Tostoes invited us to join the DOCOMOMO association as international member and offered to do a review of the book on the doctorate. As a result, some of the time in Lisbon with the cooperation of the host was dedicated for finishing this book. Discussion with Ana Tostoes about the exhibition and book „Baixa hoje” (Baixa today), the reconstruction of Lisbon 1758 after the earthquake, done together with Walter Rossa from the centre in Coimbra visited before. 12. April 2013. ArchiCAD webminar about the use of BIM for restoration. 17. April 2013. Presentation as later reported. Meeting at the presentation also

with Rita Bento, and discussion about completing the World Housing Encyclopedia Taxonomy forms. Meeting with Prof. Paulo Lourenco from the Universty of Minho in frame of the seminar „Casas de Madeira” (Houses of Timber) http://www.lnec.pt/congressos/eventos/Sem_casasdemadeira/ taking place at LNEC Lisbon, of which Paulo Lourenco was the organiser. Paulo Lourenco was also the host of an ICOMOS Meeting which will take place in Guimaraes in July to which we intend to attend, having 3 papers and applying for a COST conference grant for the „Structures and architecture” conference (http://www.icsa2013.arquitectura.uminho.pt/Default.aspx?tabindex=1&tabid=1&lang=en-US&pageid=29 ).

18. April 2013. Meeting with Carlos Coucello, the author of the GIS 3D models and maps in Sintra.

19. April 2013. Meeting with colleagues from the Network on Digtal Methods in Arts and Humanities (NeDiMAH) Paulo Matos (Steering Committee member) and Daniel Alves (WG 1 member) as well as Helena Murteira, member of CHAIA Evora, who is developing a Second Life model of Lisbon pre 1755 earthquake. All of them are also working at Universidade Nova in Lisbon. Discussions were around 3D modeling and digital humanities.

23. April 2013. Meeting with Paula André, from the architecture part of the ISCTE Lisbon and discussion about the seminar she is helding with Helena Murteira there http://www.chaia.uevora.pt/pt/event/122/seminario-internacional.html following events being available online. 24. April 2013. Meeting with Margarida Serra and visit of the Portuguese

Museum of Decorative Arts „Foundation Ricardo do Espírito Santo Silva” – discussions about the economic value of means to promote restoration of cultural heritage such as furniture pieces. - museum and site visits (other)

29. March 2013. Visit of the Lisbon story centre – a tribute to the 1755

earthquake in film and in projection on a white model, to be compared with the developments in Sintra we will see and discuss with Carlos Coucello. 6. April 2013. Visit to some of the palaces and cultural landscapes of Sintra:

royal palaces: Pena, National Palace and Queluz as well as Quinta da Regaleira. 9. April 2013. Visit of Museu da Cidade, which includes a timber and a virtual

model of pre1755 earthquake Lisbon, as well as plans of the reconstruction as of 1758. We purchased a model of the Carmo Convent, the only ruin of the 1755 earthquake surviving till today which we intend to build at home and compare with 3D virtual respresentation, relevant for our research. 13. April 2013. Visit to the Monserrate palace, restored with EEA funds, a

programme available for both Portugal and Romania with focus among others on cultural heritage and thus a source for further possible funding. Visit to the park of Pena. 14. April 2013. Vist to Castle of the Mours and to the GIS 3D exhibition of the

cultural landscape of Sintra. 16. April 2013. Visit to the Monastery of Jeronimous and the tower of Belem,

landmarks of the 1755 earthquake. 23. April 2013. Celebration of the day of the book with visit to Casa dos Bicos, a

testimony of the 1755 earthquake. Reading of the book on the „The History of the Siege of Lisbon” 24. April 2013 Visit to the Castle of Lisbon and to the Pantheon (Church of

Santa Engracia). Other visited landmarks of the 1755 earthquake: - Church of Santa Catarina dos Paulistas - Teatinos (Caetanos) monastery (after the earthquake: Conservatorio

Nacional) - Church of Chagas - Church of Sao Roque (also one of the landmarks of touristic Lisbon) - Church of Nossa Senhora da Encarnacao - Church of Nossa Senhora do Loreto (Italian church) - Chapel of Sao Gens (Nossa Senhora do Monte) – reconstructed 1796 - Church of Sao Vincente da Fora (one of the landmarks of touristic Lisbon) - Train station (former convent) of Santa Apolonia) - Palace of the Counts of Murca (in restoration) - Mocambo District (today Madragoa) - Church of Santos-o-Velho - Church of Nossa Senhora de Estrela - Parliament (formerly monastery of Sao Bento da Saude) - Palace of Flor de Murta - Monastery of Jesus - Remains of the monastery of Sao Francisco da Cidade (Museu do Chiado,

Teatro Maria II) Visits included seeing the Lisbon cityscape from the height (miradouro),

panoramic views which may inspire 3D city models as those envisaged virtually.

Almost all visits were supported by the fact that the grantee is ICOMOS member. It is envisaged to become member of ICOMOS ISCEC (economics of conservation). - literature survey Using the subscriptions of the ISCTE a number of journal articles were available

for our research. Collected literature links focused on: - Building information modeling. This part extends the research we have done

during the reintegration grant in Romania (on the floor plan innovation in mid 20th century buildings) being along its exploitable results. Two directions have been identified: modeling the distance between spaces in their functional connection (along with approached gathered under the keyword Space Syntax, to which also a conference series is dedicated) and modeling the ontology of spaces with Building Information Modeling, also for construction economics, not just for energy computation as the state of the art suggests.

- Research on game approaches for solving of conflicts. - Research on public policies application to disaster research (the role of

populations). - - discussion with specialists (see meetings)

- work on papers (see results)

- invited and conference presentations and their preparation (see

results) 4. Results

Work on the comments from the COST IS1104 presentation (Peter Friedrich) regarding the zero value in utilty-value analysis and the resulting diagrams. This is topic for a further article in a Romanian journal (Acta Technica Napocensis: Civil Engineering & Architecture: http://constructii.utcluj.ro/ActaCivilEng/ ), along with comparison to another approaches to decision, such as conflict moderation, in drama approaches or in the games theory investigated. Research on construction management games. The games of „Habitat” (conflict

game) as well as „Pillars of the Earth” and „World without End” (cooperative games) were considered. For the later we compared the games with the book and with the film (we watched both films during the STSM and looked at the rules for „World without End” which imply disasters). Issues in question: availability of ressources (materials, people). Collaborative games for water related issues to disaster mitigation are also under investigation at the Corvinus unversity in

Budapest where we applied for funding, and connected to the cultural project performed together with the centre in Coimbra (ex. Shapley value – see work papers on REPEC). Contributing to agent based model review, using the doctorate work by Frank

Fiedrich (contributed to Ugo Merlone and Marcel Ausloos paper to the Springer book, hopefully not too late): Computer tools can aid local decision makers in postearthquake disaster staff.

Fiedrich (2004) proposed the integrative model EQ-RESQUE to support the prioritisation of intervention zones and the efficient allocation of help-andrescue resources through action proposals. A distributed simulation system connects its two interacting components: 1. simulation of the dynamic disaster environment and of the work of resources; 2. decision process modelling using software agents mathematically optimised

with expert knowledge concerning the multiple tasks and the communication structures and decision competences within the disaster staff. Recent developments include a “Disaster management tool“ (Markus et al.,

2004), for damage and casualty estimation and detection as well as communication and information support for the disaster management staff. This tool for preevent training and post-event disaster management was tested in an exercise by the civil protection. It also integrates a computer aided damage estimation tool: EQSIM. Frank Fiedrich first investigated the state-of-the-art regarding the employment n

post-disaster management of operation research, expert and decision support systems and simulation systems. He employs the Belief-Desire-Intension model and the corresponding High-Level-Architecture in the software environment. The HLA encompasses a simulation component and a decision component. The decision is based on the action of agents. There are several agents active in post-disaster intervention such as: FireAgent, SARAgent (search and rescue of victims), AmbulanceAgent, ReconAgent (reconnasaince), InfraAgent (for the street infrastructure). The implementation is strongly dependent on the later, since the number of victims from the simulator depends on the damage to buildings (recon), and the way ambulance can move depends on how much the streets are filled with debris. The agents communicate with each other. They are fed with plans like in an expert system. This means that each agent tries to carry out a prefilled plan and only if the plan is completely carried out it is successful, otherwise the next plan is tried (action layer, coordination layer, planning layer). We note that the fire was considered for the agent architecture, since it has a

linear spread like in games (SimCity), instead of the earthquake which damages buildings randomly. Further work to the exploitable foreground of the reintegration grant PIANO "The

innovation in the plan of the current floor: Zoning in blocks of flats for the middle class in the first half of the 20th century" (http://bostenaru.natkat.org/). This includes:

1. The idea of ontology for zoning, which can be used for the development of object oriented software dedicated at project management in construction industry, other than based on spaces or building elements as it is now Ontologies are a way of organsing data types for object oriented programming. Right now the software for facility management is based on project management, so this would be a new approach. Additional work includes the definition of taxonomies and the creation of a database to try out the concept. The two exploitable foregrounds are conected by the sense of ontologies/semantics, but differ in the field of application.

2. Relationship between function and sign (semantics, as seen by Umberto Eco, philosophy) applyed to the zonification of this housing, to be connected with the ontology. Umberto Eco used ontology and semantics in its philosophic sense (Umberto Eco: Function and sign: The semiotics of architecture, in Neil Leach (ed.): Rethinking architecture. A reader in cultural theory, Routledge, London and New York, 1997, p. 182-202 ). In order to make it an exploitable foreground, the definitions have to be converted to those used in computer science, especially semantic web. This would be a further work compared to the project and might be done during the work as residential fellow at Collegium Budapest (approved fellowship), where similar concepts are applied to photography.

The work in the direction of this exploitable foreground included: 1. Analysing newest investigations regarding „Space syntax”, a

development to see the functionality of a building measured with a software regarding the distances between the spaces.

2. Further development of linked ontologies. For the later we looked into Building Information Modeling. We attended an

archiCAD webminar concerning the use of BIM in restoration (including energy computing), and applied it for our houses with green walls. Below are some screenshots on how this can be implemented. The projects worked with in BIM present green walls, as depicted in the

scientific paper resulting from the mission, and one of them has been already published in a Romanian magazine (http://www.constructiibursa.ro/?editie_precedenta=2013-03-28) while the other is pending, and both will be presented at an architecture exhibition at the conference ROCAD in Bucharest 15-17 May 2013 (http://www.rocad.org.ro/).

The disaster as impulse for development of a country (Gociman, 2006). Work on costs aspects of inclusion of green spaces through reorganisation of

heritage urban areas after disasters (a paper resulted). Works concerning the socio-economic dimension of disasters in the broader

framework of the Global Earthquake Model (http://www.globalquakemodel.org/what/global-projects/social-vulnerability/ ).

Range to which goals in the decision tree are reached in an interwar building

according to the World Housing Encyclopedia Criteria. Filling out taxonomy forms for the GEM-World Housing Encyclopedia project

(ontology of disasters). They are available at http://www.world-housing.net/related-projects/share-your-knowledge-of-buildings/building-taxonomy-summary-reports search for the name of the grantee. Filling out the semantic form for the socio-economic dimension of earthquake

vulnerability of the VuWiki (http://www.vuwiki.org/index.php?title=Vulnerability_Studies) It was further worked on the case study of Lisbon continuing the previous

STSM, thus looking at the background of 3D city models (which had to be semantically enriched) and on the buildings damaged by the 1755 earthquake. In this STSM we looked however on the semantic enrichment at the level of buildings, and with a view on how this is reflected in the region (ex. historic centre). The single buildings have been identified as landmarks from which lessons on economically efficient intervention on heritage shall spread. It has been also applied for becoming editor in Frontiers in Earth

Science/Frontiers in Environment Science (http://www.frontiersin.org/), on invitation, and joined the network. - presentations during the STSM

During the STSM two presentations were made. The first presentation was in frame of the EURODOC annual conference 2013

(http://lisbon2013.abic-online.org/), which took place in Lisbon 4-5 April on the premises of the Gulbekian foundation under the title „Europe’s Grand Societal Challenges: The role of Early Stage Researchers”. It was concerning the contributions of the Marie Curie Fellows Association to the Code and Charter of Researchers, in one of the workshops of the conference. Presentations will be made available online.

The second presentation was a stand alone presentation at Instituto Superior

Tecnico (IST, seminario ICIST) hosted together with the Portuguese Society for Earthquake Engineering on the 17th of April, entitled „Economics and Retrofit”, and co-authored with the host Diana Mendes.

- applications for further funding

Following the presentation at the Eurodoc conference Maria Bostenaru has been invited to apply as online advisor for the European project EduCoach http://educoach.org/ using her international experience in doctoral studies, an activity she already performs voluntarily for the League of Romanian Students Abroad. This activity also serves the objectives of the action of mobility across

European countries and as a result strengthening the ERA and economic growth. While presentations about Germany and Italy, where she spent long time, are already in place, about Portugal, where the second STSM took place, still have to be worked out. During the STSM a further funding application has been submitted to the DOMUS programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (deadline 5th of April). It is a 12 weeks stay in Budapest, at the Corvinus University. The Corvinus University has a similar profile to the ISCTE: it is basically an economics faculty, which includes Landscape Architecture (the ISCTE is economics with architecture). Host will be Robert Kabai, and the topic is „Green wall land art” – connected with the research in the first publication. Abstract: In what follows several steps for our research, in which the green walls are dealt with (documentation of the spread of green walls in Europe and housing by us with interior and exterior green walls), as well as continuous approaches (such as an invention pattent for supporting green wall system), and in general the land art (contribution to the reconstruction of L'Aquila or simply representing the concept of space), we want to share this with students at Corvinus Land Art courses. Emplying our experience we will help the virtual and real land art work management, as well as contributing with two creations of us: a virtual green ceiling, over the public spaces of an aquarium, which will be presented in real-time applications, and available on the Internet, as well as an alternative photographic exhibition in which the green plant materials, as well as Art Nouveau wall drawings come to a dialogue. The research will help to highlight the contribution of green walls to landscape design and to the dissemination of this knowledge, which is currently not enjoying so much awareness. Increased awareness will help employment in post-disaster situations, which is the applicant's area of research. An application is been worked on for the FP7 People „Marie Curie” scheme under the title „Early 20th century buildings under seismic threat. Strategical elements in the urban and constructive structure: morfology and economy”. Abstract: The project is on European buildings with reinforced concrete structure from the first half of the 20th century subjected to earthquakes. Rarely the structural system of buildings is documented in architectural history, and even more rarely buildings are listed monument because of it. The gap will be filled by a database of such buildings, using photographic material of the PI. The project further proposes a taxonomy and ontology for retrofit elements for these buildings. From the survey, over structural intervention to economic computations the same retrofitted and retrofitting elements are defined. On urban level to the constructive structure corresponds the urban structure and the strategic elements in case of reconstruction, preparedness, mitigation or resilience planning. Focus will be given to reconstruction: case studies from both now and historically, and how the new striated structure relates to that flattened by the disaster (a philosophy

approach) and thus to the so-called “heritage habitat” defined by the historic typology. Structural simulation results will be tested on applicability for economic impact analysis through: (1) Monte-Carlo simulation for extension, (2) comparison with real projects, (3) comparison with experimental results from European laboratories databases. All these will result into a decision system, employing the newest developments from games theory for economics and drama theory for conflict solving, but also the developed ontology approach. 5. Future collaboration

It is envisaged, at the wish of the head of the department at the home university, to establish more ERASMUS contracts. As for 2013, we have to wait for ERASMUS for all to open. One of the mobility projects to be submitted envisages a further cooperation as

well. Contacts have been established with a student dormitory of the ISCTE in Monastero Santos a Nuovo to visit it next time, being one of the remains of the Lisbon 1755 earthquake, subject of our research. The host intends to also come on STSM to Romania. 6. publications

The following publications resulted from the STSM:

- „Reception of Timber in Art Nouveau in contemporary installations”, jointly authored by Maria Bostenaru Dan and Diana Mendes, for the CIAV – VerSuS conference (http://www.esg.pt/ciav2013/index.php/en/) International Conference on Vernacular Heritage & Earthen Architecture to take place 16-20 October in Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal. The conference is a joint endeavour of the ICOMOS (International C) and the European Research Project VerSus „Vernacular Heritage Sustainable Architecture” under the auspices of the Culture 2007 programme. The proceedings will be indexed and published by Balkema. The paper deals with the economic efficiency of cultural heritage investments, in particular if this concerns the creation of green spaces in the aftermath of disasters. (paper is attached) Abstract: Revitalisation of cultural heritage bears economic value and can make a region more attractive. We investigated how the characteristics of the heritage of a region can be kept in disaster reconstruction, a trigger of development, through a so-called “heritage habitat” on the example of inclusion of timber elements. Examples are given from Romania, Hungary and Portugal. We extended the concept seeing the element of timber in its context of part of nature, support of green. Green spaces also add to the economic value of their immediate neighbourhood, as we analysed. Site visits, literature and archive surveys, research by design of such an artistic installation as well as direct player experience in games (another

economic analysis instrument) were the methods used to develop such an intervention in disaster striken sites. The installation designed reminds of the transparent stained glass walls featuring plants of Art Nouveau, an approach to the “heritage habitat”.

- „Economics of the earthquake risk mitigation in the urban and constructive structure” – extended abstract for the NED in Siena, jointly authored (attached).

- „Economics of the earthquake risk mitigation in the urban and constructive structure” for the communication session at the „Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism enttled „Ambient sustenabil – [Sustainable Environment]” 29-30 May 2013 (http://www.uauim.ro/anunturi/sesiune_comunicari_ambient_sustenabil/ ), the full papers going to be published in the journal „Argument” in 2014 (http://argument.uauim.ro/en/ ). Abstract: In this paper a research encompassing the following will be presented: 1. Review process - Review of novel approaches such as game theory, drama theory and conflict based software for multi-criteria decision problems in the field of climate change and natural disasters. - Application of game theory for urban simulation of the economic environment: review of architecture and urbanism games and their potential, and translation of the resources from the economic computations used at building scale to the urban scale of games using similar rules to existing board and online games. (see details at modeling) - Going out from a decision tree which I developed between 4 actors: architect, engineer, investor and user. Review of alternative decision systems for earthquake resilient planning, ex. agent based modeling of allocation of ressources in post-earthquake intervention, including the functioning of the street network - participation as urban public policy and a particular case of decision making 2. Setting up comparative analyses - Comparison betweek agent based modeling (fully computer based choice of ressources to be employed in earthquake protection for example) versus drama theory and conflict based software (based on balancing expert opinion) - Comparison between the linear spread of disaters and the random one in games (SimCity) and GIS. - Application of a Monte Carlo simulation to numerical simulations at building scale used for the computation of costs using the retrofit elements method developed by the applicant; comparison with real examples of earthquake retrofit and their costs (planned conservation: preventive retrofit versus post-earthquake repair). 3. Modeling - The grid of the planned (re)construction, from case studies to computer

games. Ressources as from device based computation of costs at the single building (Definition of the interface between structural engineering results and construction economics computation, based on either element costs computation - applicable for the rough structure - or on functional space surface computation - including architectural finishings. It will include employment of the developed ontology for elements and ontology for spaces and how this can react to common architectural design and building management software such as, for example, archiCAD and its new - 2011 - building rehabilitation module) will be translated in the symbols related to materials or building elements in a game, and build thus a basis for collaborative decision in bargaining in an earthquake risk management environment. City building games are actually construction management games, based on the same rules as devices. SimCity included in the 2D version simulations of events such as fire after earthquake in San Francisco. The rules of the game will be designed within the project, and, if ressources allow, to be translated into a computer game, or if not, into a hard copy board game. - Integration into a decision system based on regression between the two scales: building object and urban scale of the quarter - Ontology of decision (the IT component of the modeling)

- „Modelling the costs of natural hazards in games” for the conference „City and Space” (http://www.uevora.pt/univercidade/divulgacoes_externas/(item)/7381) 11-12 October at the ISCTE-IUL Lisbon, jointly authored. Results are done 30th of May. Abstract We will present the application of (socio-)economic models coming from games theory to urban planning and to large scale architectural tasks (ex. church). While toys dealt with the development of 3D viewing and more realistic “building” focusing, for example, on details, games use stylized construction management models with “symbols” for resources, being it in a board game or in a computer supported social environment. City building games are a subgenre of construction and management games, the best know of each is SimCity. In its initial version of 1989 SimCity included disaster scenarios including the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but also flooding, fire etc. During the further development only the fire remained as well implemented as the initial scenarios. It was a way to look at the role of disasters in urban planning, not only as way for a new begin, but also as mitigation and earthquake management. It is to be noted that disasters represented in SimCity 2000 are converted to such which develop in surface, such as fire and flood. Earthquake damage which occures at random buildings is not modeled. Also, the fight against the consequences of the disaster, fire and flood are done in a realtime first hand action game, not as construction management game. However, there are costs associated to mitigating the disaster, such as the costs for fire fighters. Such approaches can be, and will be compared to agent

based modeling. Today such city building games evolved to 3D applications, the semantic enrichment of which involves the economic model. The digital 3D model will be compared with the “hard copy” 3D model which architecture toys represent. Models for SimCity are looked for today, including a development at the University of Torino called SimTorino, which simulates the development of the city in the next 20 years. The connection to another games genre as video games, the board games, will be investigated, since there are games on construction and reconstruction of a cathedral and its tower and a bridge in an urban environment of the middle ages based on the two novels of Ken Follett, “Pillars of the Earth” and “World Without End” and also more recent games, the Romanian game “Habitat”, dealing with the man-made hazard of demolition. A review of these games will be provided based on first hand playing experience. games such as "Habitat" rely on role playing, in a conflict based instead of cooperative game, which has been recently recognised as a way to bring games theory to decision making through the so-called contribution of drama, a way to solve conflicts through balancing instead of weighting, and thus related to Analytic Hierarchy Process. The presentation aims to also give hints on how to design a game for the problem of earthquake retrofit, translating the aims of the actors in such a process into role playing. They also play a role in building public space, as in case of “Habitat”, which was designed to activate the civil society in café.

- During the STSM it was also revised the article RETROFIT OF STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS IN GREECE – PART 2: DETERMINATION OF COSTS, for the Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy (http://www.bipcons.ce.tuiasi.ro/), which will be hopefully published. Abstract: This paper is about the costs of seismic retrofit of stone masonry buildings in Greece. Studies dealing with the costs of retrofit are rare to date. Unlike the study of historic buildings, which is in most cases done for masonry buildings since reinforced concrete is not considered historical enough, for benefit-costs studies of seismic retrofit more studies were conducted for reinforced concrete buildings, as these are more common. First seismic retrofit measures for common masonry buildings are presented, using steel and reinforced concrete. Then the method to determine the costs is presented. The focus lays in division of seismic retrofit measures in singular steps and in the determination of the individual costs of the partial works. Compared to other costs determination works, which are based on space contents, floor surface, or utility surface, this method has the advantage that it is relatively independent from similar works already performed. Some calculation examples are performed. Finally, examples of retrofit for whole buildings are given, considering monumental works, and the similarity of the method with professional practice is evident.

- „Casa Mondrian” in Bursa constructiilor, 28.03.2013, to be followed by another individual house which were investigated, as the entries from 2012,

regarding the price of the house and which present green walls as in the first article featured. For the prices of the houses the German HOAI was employed at the level of spaces, which means that the surfaces of the spaces with different functions were considered and compared with 5 houses with similar characteristics from the BKI database of costs of construction in the German space (http://www.baukosten.de/ ). The implementation is based on an MS Excell sheet and includes the utility-value investigation of the benefit brougt by these costs. Flächen- und Raumerfassung Raumlage und Bemerkungen

Liegenschaft Straße Mihai Eminescu

PLZ Ort Bucuresti

Projekt Bez. „Eminescu"

Raum# Fläche ±Faktor Länge Tiefe Höhe Volumen Kopf Typ Schlüssel ID ID Raum-Beziehungen

[Pos.-Nr.] [m2] [m] [m] [m] [m3] [Kopf] [Typ] [RC] [abc] lfd. Nr. Zone Raum Raumgr. Ebene Bereich Abschnitt Gebäude Projekt links oben Bemerkung

UG Bruttogrundrißfläche

4,00 27,7 (= 0,95 x 5,40 x 5,40 )x 2,88 = 79,782 4 7630 a U1 1 UG HEIZUNG Wärmeversorgung

5,00 140,2 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 24,60 )x 2,88 = 403,834 4 4110 a U2 1 UG LAGER Lagerräume allgemein

6,00 352,3 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 61,80 )x 2,88 = 1.014,50 4 7410 a U3 1 UG PARKEN Kraftfahrzeugabstellflächen allgemein

7,00 20,5 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 59,098 4 9240 a U4 1 UG TREPPE Fluchttreppe

8,00 3,1 (= 0,95 x 1,80 x 1,80 )x 2,88 = 8,865 4 9310 a U5 1 UG AUFZUG Schächte für Personenaufzüge

9,00 13,7 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 2,40 )x 2,88 = 39,398 1 8200 a U6 1 UG WASSER Wasserversorgung

10,00 146,7 (= 0,95 x 7,80 x 19,80 )x 2,88 = 422,54 1 12 4520 a U7 1 UG LADEN Ladenräume

EG

11,00 41,0 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 118,19 2 7410 a E1 1 UG PARKEN Kraftfahrzeugabstellflächen allgemein

12,00 205,2 (= 0,95 x 18,00 x 12,00 )x 2,88 = 590,97 4 a E2 1 UG TERASSE

13,00 27,4 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 4,80 )x 2,88 = 78,797 4 9110 a E3 1 UG FLUR Flure allgemein

14,00 34,2 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 6,00 )x 2,88 = 98,496 1 4520 a E4 1 EG LADEN Ladenräume

15,00 13,7 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 2,40 )x 2,88 = 39,398 1 4110 a E5 Fahrräder 1 EG LAGER 1 Lagerräume allgemein

16,00 20,5 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 59,098 1 4110 a E6 Müll 1 EG LAGER 2 Lagerräume allgemein

17,00 34,2 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 6,00 )x 2,88 = 98,496 13 2160 a E7 1 EG BÜRO Einzelarbeitsplätze

18,00 136,8 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 24,00 )x 2,88 = 393,98 3 13 2160 a E8 1 EG BÜROS Einzelarbeitsplätze

19,00 20,5 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 59,098 5 9240 a E9 1 EG TREPPE Fluchttreppe

20,00 90,3 (= 0,95 x 14,40 x 6,60 )x 2,88 = 260,02 5 9310 a E10 1 EG AUFZUG Schächte für Personenaufzüge

1 OG

21,00 102,6 (= 4,75 x 6,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 295,48 1 9240 a 1O1 1 EG TREPPE Fluchttreppe

22,00 15,4 (= 4,75 x 1,80 x 1,80 )x 2,88 = 44,323 1 9310 a 1O2 1 EG AUFZUG Schächte für Personenaufzüge

23,00 57,5 (= 0,95 x 8,40 x 7,20 )x 2,88 = 165,47 4 1140 a 1O3 1 EG EINZIMMERWOHNUNG V

24,00 143,6 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 12,60 )x 2,88 = 413,68 2 13 1111 a 1O4 zur Strasse 1 EG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG 1 V

25,00 136,8 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 12,00 )x 2,88 = 393,98 1 1111 a 1O5 zum Hof 1 EG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG 2 V

2 OG

26,00 102,6 (= 4,75 x 6,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 295,48 1 9240 a 2O1 1 EG TREPPE Fluchttreppe

27,00 15,4 (= 4,75 x 1,80 x 1,80 )x 2,88 = 44,323 1 9310 a 2O2 1 EG AUFZUG Schächte für Personenaufzüge

28,00 57,5 (= 0,95 x 8,40 x 7,20 )x 2,88 = 165,47 4 1140 a 2O3 1 EG EINZIMMERWOHNUNG V

29,00 143,6 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 12,60 )x 2,88 = 413,68 2 1111 a 2O4 zur Strasse 1 EG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG 1 V

30,00 136,8 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 12,00 )x 2,88 = 393,98 1 1111 a 2O5 zum Hof 1 EG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG 2 V

3 OG

31,00 102,6 (= 4,75 x 6,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 295,48 1 9240 a 3O1 1 EG TREPPE Fluchttreppe

32,00 15,4 (= 4,75 x 1,80 x 1,80 )x 2,88 = 44,323 1 9310 a 3O2 1 EG AUFZUG Schächte für Personenaufzüge

33,00 57,5 (= 0,95 x 8,40 x 7,20 )x 2,88 = 165,47 4 1140 a 3O3 1 EG EINZIMMERWOHNUNG V

34,00 143,6 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 12,60 )x 2,88 = 413,68 2 1111 a 3O4 zur Strasse 1 EG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG 1 V

35,00 136,8 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 12,00 )x 2,88 = 393,98 1 1111 a 3O5 zum Hof 1 EG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG 2 V

4 OG

36,00 20,5 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 59,098 2 9240 a 4O1 1 2 OG TREPPE Fluchttreppe

37,00 3,1 (= 0,95 x 1,80 x 1,80 )x 2,88 = 8,865 2 9310 a 4O2 1 2 OG AUFZUG Schächte für Personenaufzüge

38,00 85,5 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 7,50 )x 2,88 = 246,24 1 4210 a 4O3 1 2 OG TERRASSE

39,00 266,8 (= 1,42 x 15,60 x 12,00 )x 2,88 = 768,26 5 1111 a 4O4 zur Strasse 1 2 OG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG 1 V

40,00 95,8 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 8,40 )x 2,88 = 275,78 1 1111 a 4O5 zum Hof 1 2 OG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG 2 V

5 OG

41,00 3,1 (= 0,95 x 1,80 x 1,80 )x 2,88 = 8,865 1 9310 a 5O1 1 2 OG AUFZUG Schächte für Personenaufzüge

42,00 20,5 (= 0,95 x 6,00 x 3,60 )x 2,88 = 59,098 1 9240 a 5O2 1 2 OG TREPPE Fluchttreppe

43,00 75,2 (= 0,95 x 12,00 x 6,60 )x 2,88 = 216,69 1 1111 a 5O3 zum Hof 1 2 OG MEHRZIMMERWOHNUNG V

Kostenschätzung nach der KFA-Methode (RBK) © Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Bogenstätter v25.5.1997

Liegenschaft Straße Paleologu 5 Auswertung Pos.-Nr. >=0 Start

PLZ Ort Bucuresti Bauherr Name Jaques Costin Datum ##### Literatur Informationsstelle Wirtschaftliches Bauen (Hrsg.): Richtlinien für die Baukostenplanung:

Nach den Richtlinien für die Baukostenplanung (RBK) der staatlichen Hochbauverwaltung des Landes Baden-Württemberg, Teil 1, IWB RBK, 2.1988.

Kostenflächen-angaben

BKK SBK *BPI= SBK [i] BKK/SBK

[DM/m2] [DM/m2] [DM/m2] [KFA]

[f]

KFA 1 1.103 1.416 Basisjahr Stichtag 2.393,04 1 0,78

KFA 2 1.796 2.206 1980 13.06.96 3.728,14 2 0,81

KFA 3 2.051 3.491 Basisindex Neuer Index 5.899,79 3 0,59

KFA 4 2.703 5.324 100 169 = 1,69 8.997,56 4 0,51

KFA 5 3.071 8.429 14.245,01 5 0,36 KFA 6 4.510 12.164 20.557,16 6 0,37

RBK, Teil 1, Ausgabe: 2.88 � BKK[DM] SBK[DM/m2] Ber. a [m2] �SBK [DM] [%] [%] seitl. umschlossen räuml. umschlossen Anteil BKK SBK

+ Wohnen u. Aufenthalt 1.291.800,51 2.393,0 * 693,0 = 1.658.376,72 78 80

+ Büroarbeit 0,00 * 0,0 = 0,00 0 0

+ Produktion, Hand- u. Maschinen… 215.300,09 2.393,0 * 115,5 = 276.396,12 78 13

+ Lagern, Verteilen, Verkaufen 107.650,04 2.393,0 * 57,8 = 138.198,06 78 7

+ Bildung, Unterricht und Kultur 0,00 * 0,0 = 0,00 0 0

+ Heilen und Pflegen 0,00 * 0,0 = 0,00 0 0

= Hauptnutzfläche HNF 2.393,0 * 866,3 = 2.072.970,90

+ Sonstige Nutzungen (NNF) NNF 0,00 * 0,0 = 0,00 0 0

= Nutzfläche NF 1.614.750,64 2.393,0 * 866,3 = 2.072.970,90

+ Betriebstechnische Anlagen FF Kostenmäßig in anderen Flächen erfaßt

+ Verkehrserschl. u. -sicherung VF Kostenmäßig in anderen Flächen erfaßt

Nicht erfaßte Flächen 0,00 2.393,0 0,0 = 0,00 70 0

Ø [DM/m2] gewählt

Zuschläge 0,00 * = 0,00 70 0

Kostenschätzung BKK (KGR. 300) TKK (KGR. 400) SBK (KGR. 300+400)

Bruttokosten 1.614.750,64 458.220,26 2.072.970,90 incl. MWST.

./. Mehrwertsteuer 210.619,65 59.767,86 15 % 270.387,51

Nettokosten 1.404.130,99 398.452,40 1.802.583,39

Aufrundung der Nettosumme auf x-Stellen… 3 416,61

Gesamtkosten 1.803.000,00 excl. MWST.

15 % 270.450,00 MWSt.

2.073.450,00 incl. MWST.

7. Confirmation by the host institution

8. Other matters

The STSM was an occasion to see also some other sites than those

professionally interesting, such as: 20. April 2013. Visit to the Castle of Palmela. We immersed in the local culture, living in a common accomodation where we

made contacts and participated to two dinners. We were also invited at home for lunch. We made contacts with the German community in Lisbon around the church Nossa Senhora dos Dores, close to our accomodation. We have been invited to give a talk about the STSMs (the previous and the

current one in Portugal) to Radio Romania Cultural. 8. Literature

Florian Berger, Antonios Liapis, and Georgios Yannakakis: Prototyping an

Adaptive Educational Game for Conflict Resolution Blackhurst, M.; Hendrickson, C. & Scott Matthews, H. 2010. Cost-Effectiveness

of Green Roofs, J. Archit. Eng. 16:136-143. Borzi B, Crowley H, Pinho R (2008). Simplified Pushover-Based Earthquake

Loss Assessment (SPBELA) Method for Masonry Buildings, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2(4): 353-376(24).

Bostenaru Dan M (2004). Multi-criteria decision model for retrofitting existing

buildings, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4: 485–499. Jim Bryant: The Role of Drama Theory in Negotiation, Handbook of Group

Decision and Negotiation, Advances in Group Decision and Negotiation Volume 4, 2010, pp 223-245 Henrique Campos, Joana Campos, Carlos Martinho, and Ana Paiva: Virtual

Agents in Conflict, Y. Nakano et al. (Eds.): IVA 2012, LNAI 7502, pp. 105–111, 2012, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Pelin G. Canbolat: Optimal halting policies in Markov population decision chains

with constant risk posture, Ann Oper Res, DOI 10.1007/s10479-012-1302-3 Caterino, N., Iervolino, I., Occhiuzzi, A., Manfredi, G., Cosenza, E.: Dissipazione

passiva nella selezione dell’intervento di adeguamento sismico di un edificio in c.a. mediante analisi decisionale multicriterio, Proceedings of ANIDIS 2007, paper 193. Caterino, N., Iervolino, I., Manfredi, G. and Cosenza, E.: Comparative Analysis

of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Seismic Structural Retrofitting, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 24, 432–445, 2009. Yun-Gyung Cheong, Rilla Khaled, Corrado Grappiolo, Joana Campos, Carlos

Martinho, Gordon P. D. Ingram, Ana Paiva, Georgios Yannakakis: A Computational Approach Towards Conflict Resolution for Serious Games, FDG 11 Edward Curry, James O’Donnell, Edward Corry, Souleiman Hasan, Marcus

Keane, Seán O’Riain: Linking building data in the cloud: Integrating cross-domain building data using linked data, Advanced Engineering Informatics xxx (2012) xxx–xxx article in press Pelin Dursun: Space Syntax in Architectural Design, 056, Proceedings, 6th

International Space Syntax Symposium, İstanbul, 2007 Frank Fiedrich: An HLA-Based Multiagent System For Optimized Resource

Allocation After Strong Earthquakes, Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, L. F. Perrone, F. P. Wieland, J. Liu, B. G. Lawson, D. M. Nicol, and R. M. Fujimoto, eds. Glaister S., Pinho R. (2003). Period-height relationship for existing european

reinforced concrete buildings, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1559-808X, 7, Issue S1: 107 – 140, DOI:10.1080/13632460409350522.

Corrado Grappiolo, Yun-Gyung Cheong, Julian Togelius, Rilla Khaled, Georgios N. Yannakakis: Towards Player Adaptivity in a Serious Game for Conflict Resolution, 2011 Third International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications Greffe, X. 1990. La valeur economique du patrimoine: La demande et l'offre de

monuments, Diffusion, Economica Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, Howard Kunreuther, Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer,

Reinhard Mechler, Erwann Michel-Kerjan, Robert Muir-Wood, Nicola Ranger, Pantea Vaziri, Michael Young: The Costs and Benefits of Reducing Risk from Natural Hazards to Residential Structures in Developing Countries, January 2011 Working Paper # 2011-01, Risk Management and Decision Processes Center The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania Dasch Houdeshel, C.; Pomeroy, C.A.; Hair, L. & Moeller, J. 2011. Cost-

Estimating Tools for Low-Impact Development Best Management Practices: Challenges, Limitations, and Implications, J. Irrig. Drain Eng. 137:183-189 Jason JK, Keith W, Hipel KW, Howard N (2009). Advances in Drama Theory for

Managing Global Hazards and Disasters. Part II: Coping with Global Climate Change and Environmental Catastrophe, Group Decision and Negotiation, 18(4): 317-334, DOI: 10.1007/s10726-008-9144-8. From the issue entitled "Disaster Risk Reduction in the Post 9-11 Security Environment / Guest Edited by J. K. Levy and K. W. Hipel". Kostas Karpouzis, George Yannakakis, Ana Paiva, Jeppe Herlev Nielsen,

Asimina Vasalou, Arnav Jhala: User modelling and adaptive, natural interaction for conflict resolution, 2012 12th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies Reinhard Mechler: Cost-benefit Analysis of Natural Disaster Risk Management

in Developing Countries, Manual, August 2005, Sector Project "Disaster Risk Management in Development Cooperation" David Mendonca, Giampiero Beroggi, and William A. Wallace: Decision Support

for Improvisation during Emergency Response Operations, The International Emergency Management Society Conference 2000: Proceedings. Daniel R. Montello: The Contribution of Space Syntax to A Comprehensive

Theory of Environmental Psychology, iv, Proceedings, 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, İstanbul, 2007 M. Müller, S. Vorogushyn, P. Maier, A. H. Thieken, T. Petrow, A. Kron, B.

Büchele, and J.Wächter: CEDIM Risk Explorer – a map server solution in the project “Risk Map Germany”, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 711–720, 2006

Nypan, T. 2003. Cultural Heritage Monuments and Historic Buildings as

Generators in a Post-Industrial Economy. In Culture: New Jobs and Working Conditions through New Information Technology, proceedings of the vertikult workshop at the annual MEDICI conference. 13-14 No-vember, 2003, Milan, Italy James O’Donnell, Edward Corry, Souleiman Hasan, Marcus Keane, Edward

Curry: Building performance optimization using cross-domain scenario modeling, linked data, and complex event processing, Building and Environment 62 (2013) 102e111 K. Papamichael, J. LaPorta, H. Chauvet: Building Design Advisor: Automated

integration of multiple simulation tools, LBNL-40591, Preprint Rypkema, D.D. 2005. The Economics of Historic Preserva-tion: A Community

Leader's Guide, National Trust for His-toric Preservation; 2 edition Rypkema, D.D. The Economics of Rehabilitation, Economic Development on

Main Street, National Trust for Historic Presetvation. Ana Tostões, Walter Rossa (eds.): Lisboa 1758 : o plano da baixa hoje, Lisboa:

Câmara Municipal , 2008, ISBN: 9729547270 Alice Vialard and Sonit Bafna: Syntax of Change in the Mid-twentieth Century

American House, Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium Edited by Daniel Koch, Lars Marcus and Jesper Steen, Stockholm: KTH, 2009,

Ref 130, 130:1 Woinaroski, C. 2011. Bucureşti, evoluţie urbanistică şi arhitecturală în context

european – studiu de caz: lotizarea şi parcul Ioanid (in Romanian) [Bucharest, urban and architectural evolution in European context – case study the parcelling and park Ioanid], PhD thesis, “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania. To be published 2013 at Simetria, Bucharest. Georgios Yannakakis, Julian Togelius, Rilla Khaled, Arnav Jhala, Kostas

Karpouzis, Ana Paiva and Asimina Vasalou: Siren: Towards Adaptive Serious Games for Teaching Conflict Resolution

Annexes Confirmation by the host institution. Full paper submitted to the VerSuS conference.