isc english - Kopykitab

A COMPLETE COURSEIN

ISC ENGLISHFor Classes XI - XII

O.P. SINGHMBA

MEENA SINGH M.A., Eng., M.Ed.

Former Senior English TeacherLoreto Convent, Lucknow

S. CHAND & COMPANY PVT. LTD.(AN ISO 9001 : 2008 COMPANY)

RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI-110055

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S. CHAND & COMPANY PVT. LTD.(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Company)Head Office: 7361, RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI - 110 055Phone: 23672080-81-82, 9899107446, 9911310888 Fax: 91-11-23677446Shop at: schandgroup.com; e-mail: [email protected]

Branches :AHMEDABAD : 1st Floor, Heritage, Near Gujarat Vidhyapeeth, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad - 380 014,

Ph: 27541965, 27542369, [email protected] : No. 6, Ahuja Chambers, 1st Cross, Kumara Krupa Road, Bengaluru - 560 001,

Ph: 22268048, 22354008, [email protected] : Bajaj Tower, Plot No. 2&3, Lala Lajpat Rai Colony, Raisen Road, Bhopal - 462 011,

Ph: 4274723, 4209587. [email protected] : S.C.O. 2419-20, First Floor, Sector - 22-C (Near Aroma Hotel), Chandigarh -160 022,

Ph: 2725443, 2725446, [email protected] : No.1, Whites Road, Opposite Express Avenue, Royapettah, Chennai - 600014

Ph. 28410027, 28410058, [email protected] : 1790, Trichy Road, LGB Colony, Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore -6410045,

Ph: 2323620, 4217136 [email protected] (Marketing Office)CUTTACK : 1st Floor, Bhartia Tower, Badambadi, Cuttack - 753 009, Ph: 2332580; 2332581,

[email protected] : 1st Floor, 20, New Road, Near Dwarka Store, Dehradun - 248 001, Ph: 2711101, 2710861,

[email protected] : Dilip Commercial (Ist floor), M.N. Road, Pan Bazar, Guwahati - 781 001, Ph: 2738811, 2735640

[email protected] : Padma Plaza, H.No. 3-4-630, Opp. Ratna College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad - 500 029,

Ph: 27550194, 27550195, [email protected] : 1st Floor, Nand Plaza, Hawa Sadak, Ajmer Road, Jaipur - 302 006, Ph: 2219175, 2219176,

[email protected] : Mai Hiran Gate, Jalandhar - 144 008, Ph: 2401630, 5000630, [email protected] : Kachapilly Square, Mullassery Canal Road, Ernakulam, Kochi - 682 011,

Ph: 2378740, 2378207-08, [email protected] : 285/J, Bipin Bihari Ganguli Street, Kolkata - 700 012, Ph: 22367459, 22373914,

[email protected] : Mahabeer Market, 25 Gwynne Road, Aminabad, Lucknow - 226 018, Ph: 4076971, 4026791,

4065646, 4027188, [email protected] : Blackie House, IInd Floor, 103/5, Walchand Hirachand Marg, Opp. G.P.O., Mumbai - 400 001,

Ph: 22690881, 22610885, [email protected] : Karnal Bagh, Near Model Mill Chowk, Nagpur - 440 032, Ph: 2720523, 2777666

[email protected] : 104, Citicentre Ashok, Mahima Palace , Govind Mitra Road, Patna - 800 004, Ph: 2300489,

2302100, [email protected] : 291, Flat No.-16, Ganesh Gayatri Complex, IInd Floor, Somwarpeth, Near Jain Mandir,

Pune - 411 011, Ph: 64017298, [email protected] (Marketing Office)RAIPUR : Kailash Residency, Plot No. 4B, Bottle House Road, Shankar Nagar, Raipur - 492 007,

Ph: 2443142,Mb. : 09981200834, [email protected] (Marketing Office)RANCHI : Flat No. 104, Sri Draupadi Smriti Apartments, (Near of Jaipal Singh Stadium) Neel Ratan Street,

Upper Bazar, Ranchi - 834 001, Ph: 2208761, [email protected] (Marketing Office)SILIGURI : 122, Raja Ram Mohan Roy Road, East Vivekanandapally, P.O., Siliguri, Siliguri-734001,

Dist., Jalpaiguri, (W.B.) Ph. 0353-2520750 (Marketing Office) [email protected]: No. 49-54-15/53/8, Plot No. 7, 1st Floor, Opp. Radhakrishna Towers, Seethammadhara North

Extn., Visakhapatnam - 530 013, Ph-2782609 (M) 09440100555,[email protected] (Marketing Office)

© 2010, O.P. Singh & Meena SinghAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any material form (includingphoto copying or storing it in any medium in form of graphics, electronic or mechanical means and whetheror not transient or incidental to some other use of this publication) without written permission of the copyrightowner. Any breach of this will entail legal action and prosecution without further notice.Jurisdiction : All disputes with respect to this publication shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts, tribunalsand forums of New Delhi, India only.

First Edition 2010Revised Edition 2011, Reprint 2012Reprint 2013 (with latest question paper)

ISBN : 81-219-3346-3 Code : 11A 1089PRINTED IN INDIABy Rajendra Ravindra Printers (Pvt.) Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055and published by S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055.


PREFACE

A Complete Course in ISC English for Classes XI- XII is not just another book onEnglish language. Besides covering the syllabus prescribed by the Council for the IndianSchool Certificate Examinations, New Delhi, for the ISC Examination in and after 2012, itdwells on every aspect of Composition, Comprehension and Grammar in well-defined parts.

PART I : Basic Composition Skills with illustrative examples.PART II : Different Types of Essays with illustrative examples.PART III : Report Writing (Different types – with examples)PART IV : Comprehension Skills and Summary WritingPART V : 16 Practice Papers (with Answers ) and latest solved paper.Section B : Exercises in Grammar and Language Skills in each part

The use of examples would help students in understanding and writing different typesof composition required for the ISC English Paper 1 examination. Besides this, suggestedoutlines of some important essays have also been given to help students master the skill.

To further boost the confidence of students, a collection of 16 practice papers in thesame form as in the ISC examinations has been provided (with answers at the end). Whereverpossible, sufficient space has been made available for writing the answer.

We are thankful to our publishers and associates who have helped to bring forth thebook. Suggestions from teachers and students are welcome.

–AUTHORS

Disclaimer : While the authors of this book have made every effort to avoid any mistake or omission and have used their skill,expertise and knowledge to the best of their capacity to provide accurate and updated information. The author and the publisherdoes not give any representation or warranty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publicationand are selling this publication on the condition and understanding that they shall not be made liable in any manner whatsoever.The publisher and the author expressly disclaim all and any liability/responsibility to any person, whether a purchaser or readerof this publication or not, in respect of anything and everything forming part of the contents of this publication. The publishershall not be responsible for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of the use of the information contained in thispublication.Further, the appearance of the personal name, location, place and incidence, if any; in the illustrations used herein is purelycoincidental and work of imagination. Thus the same should in no manner be termed as defamatory to any individual.



SYLLABUSENGLISH (801)

Aims (English Language)1. To develop habits of :

(a) clear articulate expression, using accepted syntactical forms and structures, with afirm grasp of idiom;

(b) critical thinking, involving assessment and analysis of the written material provided.2. To develop the capacity to critically and innovatively examine and to assess the value

of passages of argumentative writing, to consider the assumptions upon which thearguments rest and to trace the implications that follow.

3. To develop adequate and appropriate vocabulary.4. To develop the ability to comprehend and appreciate good prose.Aims (Prescribed Texts)1. To develop an appreciation of literature through a critical study of selected literary

works.2. To help students achieve through the study of literature, an understanding of the study

of man.3. To create an interest in the warp of thought which differs from that of the group to

which the student belongs.4. To develop the power of expression.

CLASSES XI & XIIThere will be two papers as follows:Paper 1: English Language (3 hours) – 100 marksPaper 2: Prescribed Textbooks (3 hours) – 100 marksPaper 1: English Language (3 hours)Question One: A composition on one of a number of subjects. ...30 MarksQuestion Two: A short composition based on suggested points – a review or an articlewhich may be descriptive or argumentative in nature. ...20 MarksQuestion Three: Short-answer questions to test grammar, structure and usage. ...20 MarksQuestion Four: Comprehension. ...30 Marks

It is recommended that in Paper 1 about 50 minutes should be spent on Question one,40 minutes on Question two, 30 minutes on Question three and one hour on Question four.Question One

Candidates will be required to select one composition topic from a choice of six. Thechoice will normally include narrative, descriptive, reflective and discussion topics.

The suggested length of the composition is 450 – 500 words.The main criteria by which the compositions will be marked are as follows:


(a) The quality of the language employed; the range and appropriateness of vocabularyand sentence structure, syntax, the correctness of grammatical constructions,punctuation and spelling.

(b) The degree to which candidates have been successful in organising both thecomposition as a whole and the individual paragraphs.

Question TwoCandidates will be required to write a composition based on the information and ideas

provided. A situation and the purpose of the composition will be specified. Skills such asselecting, amplifying, condensing, describing, presenting reasoned arguments, re-arrangingand re-stating may be involved. The candidates’ ability in the above skills will be takeninto account and above all their ability to handle the language appropriately in the contextof the given situation.

It is emphasised that only one question will be set in the examination paper and thatthis will be compulsory.Question Three

All the items in this question shall be compulsory, and their number may vary fromyear to year. They will consist of short-answer, open completion items or any other type,which would test the same areas of ability in English language. Only two or three typeswill be included in any one examination.Question Four

For this question, a passage of prose of about 500 words will be provided. Questionsbased on this passage will be set to test the candidates’ ability to understand the content andargument of and to infer information and meanings from the given text. Question to test theability to summarize will be included. There will be no alternative questions. All questionswill have to be answered.Paper 2: Prescribed Texts (3 hours)

Candidates will be required to answer five questions as follows:One textual question (compulsory) on the Shakespeare play/alternative prescribed play

together with four other questions on at least three texts, which may include the Shakespeareplay/alternative play.

Question 1 compulsory.... 20 Marks, four otherquestions, each carrying 20 Marks(Note: Candidates are reminded that infringement of the rubric will certainly invite

penalty during the marking of answer scripts.)The textual question, which will be set on the Shakespeare play/alternative play, will

contain four short passages and candidates will be required to answer questions set onthree of the passages. These questions may require candidates to explain words and phrases,to rewrite passages in modern English, or to relate an extract to the work as a whole.

The rest of the questions on the Shakespeare play/alternative play and on the otherprescribed texts will require essay-type answers and will be set on the context, plot orplots, characters and other prominent literary qualities of the works prescribed.


CONTENTS

PART–I

SECTION–A : BASIC COMPOSITIONChapter 1. Writing Good Composition 3Chapter 2. Organising and Planning Your Composition. 7Chapter 3. Paragraph Writing 10Chapter 4. Thesis Statement in Essay Writing 14Chapter 5. Introduction and Conclusion of Essays 16

SECTION–B : GRAMMARChapter 1. Phrasal Verbs 20Chapter 2. Agreement of the Verb with the subject 38Chapter 3. Uses of Tense 42Chapter 4. Sequence of Tenses 55Chapter 5. Active and Passive Voice 59Chapter 6. Reported Speech : Direct and Indirect 64Chapter 7. Reported Speech (Continued) 68

PART–IISECTION – A : TYPES OF ESSAYS

Chapter 1. Type of Essays 77Chapter 2. Narrative Essays 79Chapter 3. Descriptive Essays 87Chapter 4. Argumentative Essays 96Chapter 5. Topical or Reflective Essays 111Chapter 6. Critical Essays 120Chapter 7. Factual Essays / Expository Essays 122Chapter 8. The Short Story 123

SECTION–B : GRAMMAR IIChapter 1. Preposition 125Chapter 2. Conditional Sentences 145Chapter 3. Adjectives of Comparison 155


PART–IIISECTION–A

Chapter 1. Report Writing 163Chapter 2. Report Writing (Contd.) 171Chapter 3. Book Review 175Chapter 4. Film / Play Review 180

SECTION B - FUNCTIONAL GRAMMARChapter 1. Transformation of Sentences-1 183Chapter 2. Transformation of Sentences-2 187Chapter 3. Transformation of Sentences-3 (Simple, Compound and Complex) 195Chapter 4. Miscellaneous Exercises 203

PART–IV

SECTION–A : COMPREHENSION AND SUMMARYChapter 1. Comprehension 207Chapter 2. Summary Writing 209

SECTION B – LANGUAGE SKILLSChapter 1. Words and Expressions Commonly Misused 225Chapter 2. Words Likely to be Confused 229Chapter 3. Proverbs 238

PART–VPractice Papers 1 to 16 247Solved Question Paper for ISC 2009 334ANSWERS for Exercises and Practice Papers 347Solved Question Paper for ISC 2010 369Solved Question Paper for ISC 2011 377Solved Question Paper for ISC 2012 387Solved Question Paper for ISC 2013 397


PART–I



‘True ease in writing comes from art not chance.As those move easiest who have learnt to dance’ —Alexander PopeA composition is basically an original piece of writing on a particular subject.

Hence writing a good composition is like creating a piece of good art. Just as any buddingartist goes about perfecting his art, following some basic rules, similarly for writing a goodcomposition you are also required to adhere to some basic rules of Grammar, planning andstructuring your paragraphs, to make your composition more appealing and effective.

While Grammar would be a subject matter for a different chapter. Here we shall dwellon some basic concepts for writing a good composition.

FUNDAMENTALS FOR WRITING A COMPOSITIONFor a composition to be interesting and meaningful you must observe the following :

1. Read the title of the composition you are required to write very carefully so as tograsp the scope and identify the type of composition . While the former wouldenable you to stay focused on the topic, the latter would facilitate proper treatmentto the subject.

2. Evolve a good ‘Thesis statement’ for your composition. (For more on this referto Chapter 4.) The thesis statement states your idea, view, or opinion on the subjectin one sentence. It uses a strong verb and makes a bold statement. All the othersentences in the paragraph and subsequent paragraphs should support thisstatement. It can be very effectively used in the introduction paragraph of yourcomposition.

3. Organise your ideas on the subject into specific paragraphs, each paragraphfocusing on a specific idea.

4. Write to a plan so as to ensure a line of continuity throughout the composition.5. Avoid use of high flown language, slang and colloquial expression.6. A good introduction and a conclusion are essential perquisites.7. Revise and proofread what you have written to rectify grammatical errors,

punctuations, etc.

3

Writing GoodComposition

SECTION–A : BASIC COMPOSITION

1CHAPTER


4 A COMPLETE COURSE IN ISC ENGLISH FOR CLASSES XI – XII

COMPOSITION STRUCTUREA composition basically comprises three parts : An Introduction (Beginning) Body Conclusion (Ending)

Introduction (Beginning)Being the first paragraph of your composition, it should introduce the topic to the

reader, in a manner that arouses his interest. Besides laying down the foundation, it outlinesthe key points of your composition.

BodyIt is the main part of the composition in which specific ideas, reflections, illustrations,

arguments, etc are presented. It is here that the topic is developed using paragraphs, eachparagraph dwelling on a specific aspect of the subject.

ConclusionThis is the last and most important paragraph of your composition, for it has the potential

to leave a good or a bad impression on the reader. Here you satisfy the interest aroused byyou in the beginning of the composition.

CONCEPTUALIZING YOUR COMPOSITIONBefore beginning to write any composition, it is imperative that you identify the idea

or ideas that come to you. Thereafter you sort and arrange these ideas in a logical manner togive sense and meaning to your composition.

Listing Out IdeasUsually, once you have selected the subject of your composition some ideas will start

coming to mind in a haphazard manner. It is important that you note down all such ideas asthey occur to you in a serial order. It is sometimes more effective to encircle the topic andlist the ideas as spokes emanating from the circle.

YourChildhoodMemories

1Early memories

2My parents

3My home

7Places I remember8

Special events like B’day festival

6My friends

4My first day at

school 5My close relatives


WRITING GOOD COMPOSITION 5

Having listed out all the ideas that come to your mind, you can subsequently numberthem in the order for presentation.

HOW TO GENERATE IDEAS?To make a composition appealing requires new and original ideas. The more original

the idea, the more different and interesting would be your composition. To help you generatenew ideas you can fall back on few basic techniques enumerated below. The appropriatetechnique to use would depend on the type of composition you are to write.

1. Six-Question TechniqueHere you ask yourself a series of questions like WHO, WHY, WHEN, WHERE,

HOW, and WHAT related to the title of the composition. These will generate ideas thatcan be used by you in your composition. Thus, for example, if you were to write an essay on‘Journey by train’, you could build your composition by answering the following questions :

Who Who was travelling?

Why Why are you travelling? To attend a wedding, going on vacation

When The time of journey–morning, evening, during summer or winter vacations

Where Where are you going? The town and stations en route. The lush greencountryside contrasted with the slums and the filth in the cities

How How you spent the time in the train? The type of co-passengers, theirdress , behaviour

What What happened in the course of the journey? Relate any interesting incidentlike surprise ticket checking, passengers caught without ticket, snatchingof chain, purse, etc.

2. Five Senses TechniqueHere we use some or all our five senses. We should however ensure that the particular

sense can be applied to the subject of our composition. This technique is specially useful ina descriptive composition. Thus in the above composition, ‘ Journey by train’ we can alsouse this technique in the body of the composition to make it more appealing and different.

Sight The scenic beauty of the meadows and fields. The different types of people,their language, dress, etc.

Hearing The rabble of noise on the platform, shouting hawkers, hooting, whistleblowing of guard. Contrast this with the calm and quiet of the countryside.

Smell The foul smell on the railway platforms, contrasted with the refreshingbreeze in the countryside, smell of flowers, etc.

Taste The invigorating taste of the coffee served in the station contrasted withthe insipid tea served by the vendor in the train.

Touch The starched sheets, coarse blankets given for bedding.


6 A COMPLETE COURSE IN ISC ENGLISH FOR CLASSES XI – XII

The above two techniques can be very useful for generating ideas for a narrative ordescriptive composition.

3. Knowledge TechniqueThis is specially useful in argumentative or topical/ reflective composition. Here we

use our knowledge on various aspects of the subject to produce ideas which can be developedfurther. Thus, for example, if you have to write an essay entitled ‘Prohibition’, you can usethis approach by dwelling on the following aspects :

1. Define the topic What is prohibition?

2. Physical Adversely affects one’s health, making him prone to criticaldiseases of the liver and kidney, leading to death.

3. Religions Strong religious views in support of prohibition, while othersare indifferent.

4. Economic Alcoholics ruin themselves and their family economically.

5. Historical Positive effect in countries where prohibition has been in force,quote few examples.

6. Social Different attitude of people in different societies towarddrinking alcohol. Are alcoholics a threat to society?

7. Political Can be viewed as an infringement on individual freedom. Asmall price to be paid for the benefit of the family and thesociety.

8. Personal Your own personal opinion on whether prohibition is good forthe individual and the society.

9. Psychological Adversely affects the psyche of the person mentally andphysically.


ISC Art Of Effective English WritingClass XI And XII

Publisher : SChand Publications ISBN : 9788121923552Author : Meena Singh AndOP Singh

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