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PD/May/2017/6

EDITOR

Mahendra Jain

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To Our ReadersTo Our Readers

WHERE EXCELLENCE GUIDES THE SUCCESS

All rights reserved. No part of this Magazine may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, Electronic,Mechanical, Photocopying, Recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. While every effort has been made toensure accuracy of the information published in this edition, neither publisher nor any of its employees accept any responsibility for any error oromission. Articles that cannot be used are returned to the authors if accompanied by a self addressed and sufficiently stamped envelope. But noresponsibility is taken for any loss or delay in returning the material. Pratiyogita Darpan assumes no responsibility for statements and opinionsadvanced by the authors nor for any claims made in the advertisements published in the Magazine.

Dear Readers,It is with a sense of great delight that we are presenting

to you the May issue of your favourite magazine PratiyogitaDarpan. As usual the present issue of the magazine alsocontains useful material relevant to competitive examina-tions. Our editorial board and the team of qualified authorstake painstaking efforts to present the study material keepingin view the requirements of our esteemed readers. We aresure that if you read it intelligently and wisely, it will go along way in equipping you with knowledge to face the gruellingbattle of the examination and bring you sure success.

We always try to understand the demands and require-ments of our readers, their suggestions and changes in thepattern and contents of the competitive examinations. Wemake all efforts to include them, as far as possible, in furtherissues of the magazine. It gives us great satisfaction to knowthat our readers have unanimously endorsed the utility ofthe magazine.

In the present issue a number of core articles on impor-tant national and international events contributed by reputedauthors have been given. Some of the representative articlesin the present issue of this magazine are : India, US toBolster Anti-Cyber Crime Terror Programme, India’sBillionaires : Mukesh Ambani Tops the List, Parliament PassesEnemy Property Bill, Government Approves National HealthPolicy, Scorpene Submarine Kalvari Shows Its Sting, NorthKorea Fires Four Missiles, US Moves to Check North Korea,South Korea Court Ousts President Park Geun-hye, Nether-lands Elections : The Incumbent PM Mark Rutte ScoresVictory, China’s Reaching Out to West Asia, Santosh Trophy-2017, Australian Grand Prix-2017.

The most important section of the Magazine contains anumber of question papers selected from various competitiveexaminations. These are fully solved with relevant hintsand short, but clear-cut explanations. All efforts are madeto give their error-free solutions. A careful study of andpractice session with these papers will be very useful to faceany competitive examination.

The columns Compendium, Test Your Knowledge,Memorable Points and Concentric Quiz have been widelyappreciated as trusted tools for the benefit of our readers.An intelligent study and memorizing of their contents willbe highly useful in solving questions in any future examina-tion.

Pratiyogita Darpan gives you the best guidance andreading material. It is upto you to make the best use of it fora bright success in any competitive examination.

Read Pratiyogita Darpan regularly and intelligently. Itgives you the power to master your career and shape yourdestiny.

With best wishes for your brilliant success and brightfuture.

Sincerely yours,MAHENDRA JAIN

(Editor)

MAY 2017

YEAR : 11

ISSUE : 130Contents

Climate Change Article

96 Ozone Depletion : Threat to Our Planet Earth

Agriculture Article

98 Relevance of Agriculture Related e-technology in Aidof Farmers

Indian Railways Article

101 Indian Railways : Life Line of India

Vividha

103 Compendium105 Short Notes for UPSC/PCS (Mains) Examination109 Environmental Facts

Annual Reports 2015-16

111 Growing Steps of Information Technology Moder-nization Projects, Research and DevelopmentActivities of India Posts—Scaling New Heights

113 Prominent Historical Personalities of India115 Trade and Industry116 Current Questionnaire

Question Papers

Subjective Papers

119 Civil Services (Mains) Exam., 2016 : General Studies

Optional Papers

126 UGC-NET/JRF Exam., 2016 : Social Work131 UGC-NET/JRF Exam., 2016 : Economics

Other Papers

137 Bank of Maharashtra P.O. Exam., 2016 : GeneralAwareness

140 Uttarakhand P.S.C. Forest Range Officer Exam., 2015: General Studies

144 SSC Combined Graduate Level Exam., 2016 (Tier-I) :General Awareness

145 Forthcoming Civil Services (Pre.) Exam., 2017 :General Studies

156 IBPS RRBs P.O. (Pre.) Exam., 2016 : Reasoning160 SSC Combined Graduate Level Exam., 2016 (Tier-1) :

General Intelligence162 Reserve Bank of India Officer Exam., 2016 : Quanti-

tative Aptitude

Your Pages

167 Essay Contest169 Debate Contest172 Concentric Quiz175 Test Your Knowledge178 Results

Regulars

6 To Our Readers11 Editorial

News and Events

14 Nation this Month22 World this Month36 Regional News40 National and International Updates

Career News

51 Employment and Career News52 Forthcoming Competitive Examinations

Current Affairs

53 Sports World57 Memorable Points59 Science and Technology62 Economic Scenario

Career Article

71 While Commencing IAS 2017 Preparation, It is Timeto Speak upto Yourself

Inspiring Youth : Interviews

74 Tahreem KhanTopper—Uttar Pradesh Judicial Services Exam., 2015

(4th Rank)76 Saurabh

Topper—Civil Services Exam., 2015 (142nd Rank)

World Panorama

79 (i) Indian Dilemma in South Asia : Nepalese Case81 (ii) India and UAE : Mini India as a Strategic Partner

Focus

84 Human Development—Achievements

Articles

Indian Economy Article

86 Food Processing Industry in India

International Relations Article

89 Relations of India with UAE have been StrengthenedSignificantly

National Health Article

91 The National Health Policy 2017 : Make HealthcareAffordable for All

Environmental Article

92 Noise Pollution : Causes and Effects

Ecological Article

94 Aquatic Ecosystem : Types and Function

PD/May/2017/9

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ESSAY COMPETITIONTopic : The Changing Political Landscape of

India

Last Date : May 25, 2017

Prizes : 1st : 1,200/- ; 2nd : 800/- ;3rd : 600/-

DEBATE COMPETITIONTopic : Anti-India Sloganeering, in the

Name of Freedom of Speech andExpression, is Traitorship Pure andSimple

Last Date : May 25, 2017Prizes : 1,000/- Each

(One in favour and One against)

Rules and Regulations :● Participation is open to students and competitors only.● Only one complete and consolidated entry on essay or

debate competition will be accepted from one participant.● Writings on essays and debates should be strictly to the point

and in simple, intelligible but forceful language.● Essays and Debates should be written in own hand and

should be duly signed by the candidate. Printed and unsignedentries will not be accepted.

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graph must be sent by mail or courier.● The selection committee will decide best entries and they will

be awarded.● The winners in Essay Contest will also receive an award

certificate from Pratiyogita Darpan. The prize winning entrieswill be published in the forthcoming issues of PratiyogitaDarpan.

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MEMORY RETENTION CONTEST

Win Attractive Prizes :Are you appearing or want to appear in States’ Civil

Services Exams., SSC Combined Examination, Banking ServiceExam., Indian Insurance Corporation’s Administrative OfficersExam., Forest Service, Sub-Inspector, Hindi Translator, M.B.A.,CPMT, CBSE, B. Ed. Entrance Exam., Railway etc. ? If Yes ! thenyou can win attractive prizes.

What you have just to do is to send to us the questions,along with the answers, asked in objective type papers—basedon your memory. We will include all the entries and will rewardthe persons whose answers are found to be most correct.

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PD/May/2017/11 “Nothing is really work unless you would rather be doing something else.”

Seek Higher Values of LifeHigher values of life are the cornerstone of a civilized and moral life. A community, shorn of higher values

of life, is not a civilized social entity, no better than a herd of sheep. Truth, honesty, sincerity, ethical view oflife, transparency, fellow feeling, love and good will for others, love for the country, helpful attitude, spirit ofsacrifice and above all tolerance of others’ beliefs and convictions are some of the higher values of life whichshould be nurtured and cherished by all. All the scriptures of all the religions of the world ordain a certainsystem of higher values of life, which members of the society should cultivate and propagate. All the highervalues of life may be condensed in a single phrase : Truth, good and beautiful. These are the eternal principlesbequeathed to us by all our scriptures. A life without higher values of life is no way better than the life of ananimal or a beast. This world may become a real heaven if all of us tread the path leavened with these values oflife. It is incumbent on us, therefore, to so shape our lives and to so order our lives’ priorities that higher valuesof life become a part and parcel of our thought, intellect and action for the sake of peace and prosperity for all.We will have to put a stop to the erosion of higher values of life, which unfortunately we witness today.

It is said that you see the worldthrough the spectacles you wear. It isa fact that everyone has his ownviews of life and the world becausehe is born with certain individualcharacteristics which work as hisspectacles. According to the studentsof psychology the point of view of aperson is the result of factors of theenvironment and circumstances inwhich he is born and brought up. Allthese things go to make his or hercharacter, which prompts a person tobehave in a certain manner in thesociety. Every word and action of theperson is the reflection of his per-sonality which is made up of hisinborn tendencies and life values. Weexpect others to behave with us in amanner as we try to behave withthem. Whatever we hear or read aboutthe people in general is not generallyin tune with our expectations andhopes. Thus, we get into a difficultsituation created by our inner self andouter world. The result is that we tryour best to get out of this unenviablesituation. For this we take advice ofsenior persons and books and attimes also we pray to God to help us.

We come across a group of suchpersons as feel satisfied with theircircumstances. One such person said :why try to search mental peace, gowith the stream of life and our mentalleanings will show the way throughbecause that is my destiny. Mydiscontentment and difficult situa-tions seem to be my destiny and theygive me the necessary inspiration toface life and its difficulties. Theyemphatically say that such mental

conditions keep me free from fearand diffidence. I am fully involved inmy present life and at the same timefeel full of energy. In this context theylike to quote Benjamin Disraeli insupport of what they feel—“We arenot creatures of circumstances, butwe are creators of circumstances.”

Be that as it may, if our view-point is of happiness and abundancethen we shall see the same every-where in life and everything will bewelcome to us. As Lord Maitreya hassaid, the world is our creation, as wefeel inside so we see outside. Ourmind is the creator of the world. Thequestion arises whether we can makeother people partners in our view-point.

This question seems superfluousbecause we are always exchangingviews as we are always involved inthe social behaviour. Every thought,word and action of ours is reflectionof our mental conditions and indi-cates what type of behaviour weexpect from the society. Therefore, thequestion of making others partners inour viewpoint does not arise as thepartnership is always there.

Do we try to project these experi-ences for moulding our future life ordo we make efforts to make new pro-gramme of life on the basis of thesenew experiences.

To form a new point of view oflife some people have advised thisway—write your past experienceshonestly and then burn the papers so

written. After that write past expe-riences of other people and then burnthese papers also or destroy thosepapers in other ways. In this way oldexperiences and ideas will be fullywashedout and you will proceedwith a clean state, that is, have newideas and values. While doing so, bein no hurry and write and developnew ideas honestly. Thus, you will beable to have a new dream of yourfuture life. You will feel that a newand healthy change is coming in yourlife. The more you write the ideas ofother persons, the more and betterchange is silently creeping in yourlife. Formerly you evaluated a personin terms of money (price) but nowyou evaluate the person vis-a-vis lifevalues.

Discarding our own old ideasand those of others, we reach a stagewhere we are confronted with anarray of fresh and positive ideaswhich are of sterling worth, ideaswhich partake of truth, good andbeautiful. This trio is the main com-ponent of higher values of life. Wereach this stage of higher or ennobl-ing values of life if we proceed in asincere, dedicated and enlightenedway. Superficiality cannot take us tothe desired goal. This is the reasonwhy we should live a life of conscioussearch for truth and that of enligh-tened pursuit of the higher values oflife.

P.Darpan

PD/May/2017/14 Nobody’s a natural. You work hard to get good and then work to get better. It’s hard to stay on top.”

India Successfully Test-fires Another Interceptor Missile

It can tackle missiles at a range of 15 km to 30 km..

The Defence Research and Development Organisa-tion (DRDO) on March 1, 2017 successfully carried out atest of an interceptor missile, further validating thereliability of the under-development, two-layered BallisticMissile Defence (BMD) in shooting down enemy missiles.

The interceptor missile takes offfrom Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha.

According todefence sources, theendo - atmosphericmissile, which canintercept missiles atranges of 15–30 kmfrom the Abdul KalamIsland off the Odishacoast in response to anincoming ‘enemy’missile which waslaunched from theIntegrated Test Range(ITR) on Chandipur.

The missile intercepted the incoming missile at analtitude of 15 km scoring a direct hit.

In February 2017, the DRDO carried out a successfultest of the exo-atmospheric interceptor missile destroyingthe target outside the earth’s atmosphere at an altitude ofover 85 km.

Research Centre Imarat (RCI) of the DRDO whichhad played a role in the development of all strategicmissiles has spearheaded the design and development ofthe BMD programme.

Two MissilesThe BMD consists of two interceptor missiles, the

Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV) for exo-atmospheric rangesand the Advanced Area Defence (AAD) missile for endo-atmosphere or lower altitudes.

The BMD is critical to protect the country from thelong-range ballistic missiles proliferating in the neigh-bourhood. DRDO expects to have shield ready for deploy-ment by 2022.

India, US to Bolster Anti-Cyber Crime Terror Programme

India and the United States of America are set tofurther strengthen their bilateral ties under the Trump

administration with the two-countries deciding to con-tinue to exchange programmes on hostage crisis, terrorcrime scene probe and cyber crime.

India and US are working towards strengthening ties onsecurity. The US will be introducing two courses for Indianpolice officers this year, a home ministry official said.

A delegation of officials from the US met theircounterparts in the home ministry earlier and discussedways to streamline the training programmes being con-ducted under the Anti-Terrorism Assistance (ATA) pact.

Key PointsIndia and the US have decided to cooperate on exchangeof programmes for hostage crisis, terror and cyber crimerelated matters.The cooperation is to be undertaken under the Anti-Terrorism Assistance pact between the two countries.Under the joint training programmes Indian policeofficers will undergo training in US training institutions.The courses conducted are an integral part of thebilateral cooperation on internal security between thetwo countries.

Indian police officers will undergo training program-mes in the US training institutions on negotiations inhostage situations, terror crime scene investigations,besides on two new courses relating to cybercrime andmaritime security.

India and the US are working towards strengtheningbilateral ties on security front, including training pro-grammes. The US will be introducing two new courses forIndian police officers this year, a home ministry officialsaid.

Indian officers currently can opt for six trainingprogrammes under the anti-terror pact.

These courses have been an integral part of the bila-teral cooperation on internal security between the twocountries.

India is a key strategic partner of the US in its war onterror and with groups like ISIS using Internet to reachout to potential recruits in India, the ATA courses are seenas extremely relevant, the official said.

Currently, the ATA courses include among others,Investigating the Dark Web (IDW), hostage negotiationtraining, terrorist crime scene investigation.

To Feed UAE, India Plans Special Farms, Infrastructure for Exports

In response to the UAE addressing India’s energysecurity needs, India and the Emirates are drawing upambitious plans for India to underwrite some of UAE’sfood security interests.

Pratiyogita Darpan May 2017

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9770974640007Author : Editorial Board :Pratiyogita Darpan

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