INTERLINKING INDUSTRY ACADEMIA 2020-21 - Gujarat

Interlinking of Industries, Academia and Government

Gujarat Cleaner Production Centre

INTERLINKING

INDUSTRY ACADEMIA

GOVERNMENT

OF

2020-21

GUJARAT CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTRE (Established by Industries and Mines Department, Government of Gujarat)

Supported by: Forests & Environment Department

Government of Gujarat



© Gujarat Cleaner Production Centre (GCPC), 2021

The abstracts of final year Bachelor/Master/PhD students of Chemical/Environment Engineering

and Environmental Science streams have been received. The same have been compiled and

reproduced in this document without any changes except sentence formation and spelling mistakes.

The document is intended to disseminate the research of student to the academia, industries and

Government for further research and implementation purpose. GCPC accepts no responsibility

for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions taken

based on this document. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form

for educational or nonprofit purposes without special permission, provided acknowledgement of

the source is made. GCPC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this

publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other

commercial purpose what so ever without prior permission in writing from the GCPC.

Title: Interlinking of Industries, Academia and Government

Published in: February, 2021

Team for Compilation:

Dr. Bharat Jain, Member Secretary

Er. Disha Bhavsar, Assistant Project Engineer

Er. Abhi Patel, Assistant Project Engineer

Er. Yash Lakdawala, Additional Assistant Project Engineer

Ms. Priyanka Joshi, Information Officer, GCPC-ENVIS

Mr. Heer Desai, Project Assistant, GCPC

Supported By Prepared By


(Established by Industries and Mines

Department, Government of Gujarat)

Forests and Environment Department

(Government of Gujarat)

GCPC-ENVIS Resource Partner

(Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate

Change, Government of India)

Disseminated By



FOREWORD

The last two decades have seen a rampant rise in environmental challenges being faced by cities

and countries globally. In India, too, challenges related to air pollution, waste management,

scarcity of water, conservation of natural resources and loss of biodiversity among others have

been increasing. Right from the beginning of year 2020, threat of COVID-19 is being observed

worldwide. Many countries including India had observed Lock-in period for almost 3 months. This

has hampered economic growth and loss in physical class for students. However, at other hand

some improvement in overall environment also took place. Accepting this threat and looking into

the lack of awareness regarding research project on environmental issues done in academic

institution, GCPC has initiated this project. The purpose of this project is to examine the

perception, attitude, and environmental behavior of the university students enrolled in

Environment/Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science to solve the environmental issues

through their research project. Later on, the present platform will help in disseminating the research

work.

GCPC is making a sincere efforts to bring industry and academia to work together. The F & E

Department, GoG is supporting GCPC for this activity. In view of this, GCPC has taken up a

project of Interlinking of Industries, Academia and Government since 2014. Under which, GCPC

is inviting abstracts of Dissertation / Thesis / Research Paper from Graduate, Post Graduate & Ph.

D (Chemical, Environmental Engineering & Environmental Science) Students of the state. This

year, GCPC has received total 51 abstracts. The same have been compiled and presented in this

book, which would be useful to industries and also to the academic institutions.

Suggestion if any are also invited.

Best Wishes to all Students and Guides.

Dr. Bharat Jain

Member Secretary




Programme Outline

Invite Abstracts of dissertation/thesis from the final year students of Chemical /

Environment Engineering and Environmental Science on Cleaner Production / Clean

Technology / Waste minimization / Pollution Prevention / Resource Efficiency etc.

Selection of best five abstracts by Panel of Expert amongst the abstracts received by GCPC

Presentation and Prize distribution of best five abstracts

Publication of book compiling all abstracts received by GCPC

Dissemination of book to Major Industrial Estates, Industries, Engineering Colleges and

Government Offices of Gujarat for further research and implementation purpose.



We are thankful to following Panel of Experts for the selection of best five abstracts:

1. Mr. M. A. Hania, President, Dahej Industries Association and Senior Vice

President of M/s Meghmani Ltd., Dahej, PCPIR

2. Dr. Ravji Patolia, Proprietor, M/s. Parth Chem & Technologies, Vatva

3. Mr. Sanjiv Vaijanapurkar, Deputy Environmental Engineer, GPCB-Regional

Office, Godhara

4. Dr. Parmeshwaram, Former Consultant in UPL

5. Dr. Bharat Jain, Member Secretary, GCPC



We are thankful to the Students, Guides, HoDs and Principals of following Chemical /

Environment Engineering and Environmental Science Colleges of Gujarat for

participating in the Project:

1. S.N. Patel Institute of Technology & Research Centre (SNPIT&RC), Umrakh, Bardoli-

Surat

2. Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad

3. Natubhai V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand

4. G. H. Patel College of Engineering & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar

5. L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad

6. Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda,

Vadodara

7. VVP Engineering College, Rajkot

8. Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad

9. Government Science college, Khokhara, Maninagar

10. Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research (ISTAR), Vallabh

Vidyanagar

11. School of Engineering and Applied Science, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad

12. Chhotubhai Gopalbhai Institute of Technology, Bardoli

13. Government Engineering College, Bharuch

14. Pacific School of Engineering, Surat

15. Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Raysan, Gandhinagar

16. Shri S’ad Vidhya Mandal Institute of Technology, Bharuch

17. SAL College of Engineering, Ahmedabad

18. L J Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ahmedabad

19. Government Engineering College, Valsad

20. College of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering, S. D. Agricultural

University, Sardarkrushinagar

21. Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Ankleshwar



Table of Content

Sr. No Index Page

No.

PhD (Chemical Engineering) 01

1 Studies on extraction of phenolic antioxidants from onion (allium cepa

l.) and mango (mangifera indica l.) peels using emerging green

techniques

2 Studies on electrochemical treatment of reactive Black-5 Dye and Urea

solutions using indigenously developed and commercial electrodes

PhD (Environmental Science) 04

1 Characterization of heavy metal uptake by Amaranthus viridis and

Acalypha indica with potential for phytoremediation

M.E./M.Tech (Chemical Engineering) 05

1 Synthesis, characterization and application of polyvinyl alcohol

membrane for the Pervaporation Separation of Isopropanol - Water

binary mixture

2 Techno-economic analysis of geothermal desalination system

3 Plastic waste management (using plastic waste in enhancing the

properties of flexible road pavements)

4 Isobaric vapour-liquid equilibrium data determination of a binary system

comprising a green solvent 2-MeTHF and formic acid for sustainable

development

5 Kinetics of co-gasification of rice husk biomass and high sulphur

petroleum coke via TGA

6 Utilization of solar energy for waste water treatment using photocatalyst

7 A study on reverse osmosis membrane fouling and its control strategies

M.E./M.Tech (Environmental Engineering) 10

1 Application of AOPs for treatment of DASDA wastewater



M.Sc. (Environmental Science)

11

1 Phytoremediation of the sulfonated azo dye Direct Red 5B using plant

species via eco-friendly methods

2 Comparative investigations on synthesis, characterization, dye

decolouration and remediation of nutrients from industrial effluents by

TiO2 and ZnO Metallic Nanoparticles under UV radiation and sunlight

B.E./B.Tech (Chemical Engineering) 13

1 Removal of NOX from flue gas and study the effect of different

parameters

2 Extraction of valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries

3 Aero water generation using advanced technology

4 Application of nanoparticles for wastewater treatment

5 Use of “Thermo-dustbin” for resource recovery from waste plastics

6 Energy-efficient CO2 separation using nanoparticle supported membrane

7 To curb air pollution by developing innovative techniques to scrub

polluting gases and particulate matter release from industries and

vehicles

8 Degradation of dye waste water by Ganoderma lucidum

9 Determination of vapor-liquid equilibrium data of binary system

comprising green solvents

10 Electrochemical degradation using Solar Power

11 Precious metals from e-waste

12 Production of biofertilizer from food waste

13 Production of bioethanol from sugarcane trashes by acid hydrolysis

14 Synthesis of MOFs using waste pet bottles

15 Production of biodiesel from jatropha oil

16 Uses of havoc waste

17 Production of bio-fuel from bio-waste

18 Recovery of waste engine oil

19 Green synthesis of metal nano particles and their biological applications



20 Kinetic study of vinyl ester resin synthesis and designing of reactor

21 Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles

B.E./B.Tech (Environmental Engineering) 26

1 Solar powered EC process for removal of COD from CETP wastewater

2 Design and development of air pollution control device for two-wheeler

vehicles

3 Bringing resource efficiency through development of automated dry

cleaning system for solar photovoltaic module

4 Design and development of solar tree for multipurpose power application

5 By-product utilization of cashew nut processing industry

6 Design and development of reed bed technology for sewage water

treatment and biomass production

7 Water treatment using moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant and

flocculant

8 Aerobic treatment of municipal leachate

9 Removal of ammonical nitrogen of industrial wastewater using cationic

ion exchange resin

10 Utilization of fly ash: amber paint

11 Making the alternative of traditional plastic (bio plastic) via waste

utilization

12 Landfill mining- the step from waste to resource

13 Conversion of discarded tender coconut shells into fuels

14 Production of bio-char from agricultural waste and its application

15 Development of portable cooler and heater by thermoelectric effect

B.Sc. (Environmental Science) 38

1 Ecofriendly bioremediation of malachite green dyes by an isolated

bacteria

2 Physicochemical analysis and treatability studies of groundwater from

selected sites


1


Ph.D (Chemical Engineering)

1. Studies on extraction of phenolic antioxidants from onion (allium cepa l.) and

mango (mangifera indica l.) peels using emerging green techniques

Name of Student Chandra Bhushan Triveni Prasad Pal ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Girirajsinh C. Jadeja ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National

Institute of Technology, Surat

Biomass waste is considered to be one of the biggest problems across the globe, which is gaining

prominent significance in developing countries owing to its negative impacts on the environment.

Fruit and vegetable wastes and their associated by-products are produced in great amounts

throughout industrial processing, which poses serious threat to the environment if not properly

utilized. Agricultural wastes have been contributing to pollution and the laws and regulations

regarding their treatment are strict, hampering the reduction of the wastes. Even processing of such

wastes makes use of toxic solvents which has been a major concern for environmental pollution.

So there is a dire need for an effective and environment friendly method to treat these wastes which

can also be used to recover valuable bioactive compounds from biomass residues. Fruits and

vegetables waste contain large amount of polyphenols. India is one of the largest producers of

fruits and vegetables in the world. A wide variety of fruits and vegetables are commonly grown,

of which, Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.) are consumed the most in India.

These have been known for their nutritional value and are source for many important bioactive

constituents. Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin and isorhamnetin derivaties are the main flavonoids

present in the outer skins of onion peels. The mango peels have been reported to possess the anti-

proliferating activity, anti-diabetic activity and also having anti-inflammatory bioactive

compounds.

The present study was aimed at extraction of polyphenols from onion (Allium cepa L.) as

well as raw mango (Mangifera indica L.) peels using different deep eutectic solvents and

determining its total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activity, ferric reducing antioxidant

power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPHsc%). Further, Rancimat test and

antibacterial test have been reported.


2


2. Studies on electrochemical treatment of reactive Black-5 Dye and urea

solutions using indigenously developed and commercial electrodes

Name of Student Dr. Priya Saxena ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Jayesh Ruparelia ([email protected] )

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma

University, Ahmedabad

The present study aims at removal of organic model pollutants – Reactive Black-5 (RB-5) dye and

urea from aqueous solutions using advanced electrochemical oxidation technology. In this context,

mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes, popularly known as dimensionally stable anodes (DSA),

were indigenously developed using the standard thermal decomposition technique in three phases

by involving catalytic coatings comprising of single to quinary metal oxide combinations over Ti

substrate. These anodes were prepared specifically catering to selective catalytic organics

oxidation, high service life and stability, efficient process economics in terms of energy efficacy

as well as affordability in view of practical implementation. Initial studies were directed towards

deciding favorable operating parameters affecting electro-oxidation like pH, current density and

electrolyte concentration employing Taguchi L27 array design and its analysis via MINITAB 17

statistical software. Extended electro-oxidation of synthetic solutions containing 1000 mg/L RB-

5 dye and 300 mg/L urea was independently conducted under acidic pH and using NaCl electrolyte

in both batch and continuous reactor operation modes. In case of RB-5, the results of batch studies

revealed highest oxidation efficiency exhibited by BDD anodes followed by Ti/Ta2O5-RuO2-B2O3-

SnO2-Sb2O5 electrode amongst the quinary-DSAs employed. Almost complete decolourization for

RB-5 with no sludge generation was achieved with all tested anodes. In case of urea, TN removal

efficiency observed using both DSA and BDD electrodes was almost equal of the order of 97%,

rendering DSAs better suited for urea elimination compared to BDD anodes. Based on the results

of batch studies, selected quinary-DSAs were subjected to accelerated service life tests in extreme

environment (0.5 M NaCl at 1000 mA/cm2) in order to predict their probable lifetime. Selected

quinary-DSAs and BDD electrodes were further characterized in terms of SEM, EDAX, XRD and

CV in order to understand the electrochemical interactions between the model pollutants and the

electrode surface. Selected treated effluent samples were analyzed for mass fragments using LC-

MS technique. Based on their batch performance in RB-5 and urea removal, selected electrodes


3


were tested in continuous mode using three-tanks-in-series model. This arrangement confirmed an

obvious improvement in oxidation efficiency for RB-5 specifically compared to its batch results.

Supported by these observations, an attempt was made to develop decision matrix for selecting

optimum electrode for both RB-5 and urea electro-oxidation by considering various important

electrode attributes. In order to consider the practical applicability, studies on electro-oxidation of

mixed solution of RB-5 and urea as well as three real industry effluents using Ti/Ta2O5-RuO2-

B2O3-SnO2-Sb2O5 as optimum anode amongst tested DSAs were also undertaken and interpreted.


4


Ph.D (Environmental Science)

1. Characterization of heavy metal uptake by Amaranthus viridis and Acalypha

indica with potential for phytoremediation

Name of Student Dharitri B Ramanlal ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Rita N Kumar ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Environmental Science, Natubhai V. Patel College of Pure

and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand

A study was conducted encompassing ex-situ and in-situ remediating approaches of

phytoremediation study to evaluate the efficiencies of Acalypha indica and Amaranthus viridis.

Firstly, in ex-situ, the species were grown in soil spiked with 50 ppm Pb, 150 ppm Pb, 250 ppm

Zn and 500 ppm Zn doses after which they were also exposed to two paint industry effluent and

textile industry effluent treatments by grown them in soil spiked with 50% and 100% effluent

doses for a period of 45 days. In case of 50% treatment the metals for which both the BCF and TF

values were more than 1 was Zn, Fe, Cr, Co and Mn and for 100% treatment it was Zn, Cr, Cu, Co

and Mn. In in-situ experimentation the plants were grown over a contaminated land and observed

for a period of 60 days followed by harvesting and analyzing the heavy metal concentration

extracted by the plants. The plants showed a positive outcome for all the given treatments and it

could grow well when implemented on-site (actual contaminated site) and sequestered good

amount of nine heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn and Fe in its leaves as well as flowers

with a BCF and TF > 1 for all heavy metals except Cd in case of A. indica and BCF and TF > 1

for all except for Cu in A. viridis.


5


M.E / M.Tech (Chemical Engineering)

1. Synthesis, characterization and application of polyvinyl alcohol membrane

for the pervaporation separation of Isopropanol - Water binary mixture

Name of Student Zeall Divyeshkumar Panara ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Haresh K Dave ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, G. H. Patel College of

Engineering & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar

Pervaporation (PV) is widely recognized to be an environmental and eco-friendly novel membrane

separation process in which a liquid mixture is separated through a dense lyophilized membrane.

PV is safe and considered as cleaner separation technology compared to conventional unit

operations like distillation, extraction and drying which demand extensive amount of energy,

external entrainer and downstream processing to recover key component. The present study would

involve Preparation, Characterization and separation of aqueous isopropanol (IPA) solution by

preparing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane cross linked with glutaraldehyde. Sorption study of

the membrane would be carried out at different temperature. The synthesized membrane would be

characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo gravimetric (TGA), and field emission

scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The Membrane would be further screened for its

functioning on Pervaporation pilot plan for the separation of IPA-water mixture. Pervaporation

results were analysed using the Karl-Fischer titrator and presented in terms of flux and separation

factor. In general the permeation flux was found to be decreased and the separation factor was

increased as feed concentration increases. The intrinsic membrane properties like permeability,

selectivity and diffusivity would also be evaluated. Findings of this work may provide useful

insights to pervaporation fundamentals, system design and scale up for IPA dehydration.

2. Techno-economic analysis of geothermal desalination system

Name of Student Mitul H. Prajapati ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Sachin P. Parikh ([email protected])


6


Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, L.D. College of Engineering,

Ahmedabad

This research exhibits an exhaustive survey and appraisal of desalination technology, for example,

membrane technology which incorporate, Reverse Osmosis (RO), Electrodialysis (ED), thermal

technology such as, Multi-effect distillation (MED), Multi-stage flash (MSF) and hybrid process

(MES/MED-RO). This works offers a broad framework for the techno-economic analysis of the

low grade geothermal (less than 130 0C) desalination system on the base of energy necessities,

water generation cost, innovation tends, thermodynamic and economic consideration. Endeavors

surveying the cost influencing parameters which include, operational lifetime of both geothermal

and desalination framework, nature of the geothermal assets, cost of well drilling, reinjection

temperature of the used geothermal fluid. By fluctuating their values, the detail of our underlying

model outcomes was evaluated.

3. Plastic waste management (using plastic waste in enhancing the properties of

flexible road pavements)

Name of Student Viraj Desai ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. N.V. Bhate ([email protected])

Name of College Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Maharaja Sayajirao University

of Baroda, Vadodara

Disposal of waste plastics has always been major threat to the environment, leading into pollution

& global warming. So, an idea came of why not to use this plastic waste in the formation of

bituminous mixes to enhance its properties and strength. Also this will lead to be a solution for

plastic disposal & various defects in bituminous road pavements. The waste plastic used are Poly

Propylene and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The waste plastic is shredded & extruded from

an extruder to get uniform granules and later on they were used in making of polymer modified

bitumen. This modified bitumen was used in making of Bituminous Concrete (BC) mix and further

tests were carried out in order to check whether the properties of the BC mix was enhanced or it

get detoriated at 12% of polymer in bitumen with certain proportion of HDPE/PP mix.


7


4. Isobaric vapour-liquid equilibrium data determination of a binary system

comprising a green solvent 2-MeTHF and formic acid for sustainable

development

Name of Student Hirvita P. Dave ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Vyomesh M. Parsana ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, VVP Engineering College, Rajkot

Considerable efforts are being made to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels by increasing the

production of useful chemicals from renewable resources. Formic acid can be produced from

biomass by electrolytic reduction of the gas phase of CO2. Of only few suitable solvents, 2-

methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) can be an excellent solvent for effective extraction of formic

acid. 2-MeTHF is a green solvent produced from renewable raw materials. For designing of such

separation operations, vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are indispensable. In the literature,

VLE data for the binary system of 2-MeTHF and formic acid are not reported. Group contribution

methods provide a cost-efficient and effective way of determination of various thermodynamic

properties. In this work, VLE data have been predicted with the help of the UNIFAC method. The

thermodynamic consistency of the predicted data was checked by Herington’s test and point-to-

point test of Van Ness. Then the data were correlated using the excess Gibbs free energy models

such as van Laar, Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC. The binary system was simulated in ASPEN

HYSYS, the generated data were compared with the predicted data and important conclusions

were made. Also, the experiments were performed in the Ebulliometer and experimental VLE data

has been generated, correlated with the above mentioned models and tested with thermodynamic

consistency tests.

5. Kinetics of co-gasification of rice husk biomass and high sulphur petroleum

coke via TGA

Name of Student Gajera Zavin Rameshbhai ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Ashish N Sawarkar ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute

of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad


8


Co-gasification of biomass with petroleum coke is making significant inroads for utilizing the

energy content of both biomass and petroleum coke judiciously. In the present work, detailed

physico-chemical characterization of the feed materials via standard methods, gasification of

individual rice husk (RH) biomass, high sulphur petroleum coke (PC), and co-gasification of RH

biomass and high sulphur PC, at three heating rates (10, 20, and 30C/min) via thermogravimetric

analyser was investigated. The obtained TGA data was analyzed by employing model-free

isoconversional methods, viz. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO)

for the determination of kinetic parameters. Activation energy determined from model-free

isoconversional KAS and FWO methods for petroleum coke gasification alone was found to be

126.75 and 128.3 kJ/mol, respectively, whereas for the RH+PC (3:1) blend, it was 86.85 and 87.84

kJ/mol, respectively. Reactivity of PC was found to increase in presence of RH during co-

gasification.

6. Utilization of solar energy for waste water treatment using photocatalyst

Name of Student Pooja Shah ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Priyank Khirsariya ([email protected])


Textile industries are one of the biggest users of water in the whole world and are responsible for

generating a huge volume of wastewater which is high in pH, COD, BOD, toxicity, colour,

turbidity etc. Many techniques of advanced oxidation process have been developed for

minimization of the waste produced by these industries but these techniques have several

disadvantages including high cost, time consuming and not reliable. Photocatalysis have not only

advanced in minimizing the waste from textile industries but have also coped up well with the

disadvantages of the AOP techniques. The work includes the study of different types of

photocatalysts and the advantage of visible light induced phtocatalysis over the conventional

TiO2.The present study aimed at colour removal and degradation of wastewater of MB dye via

photocatalysis using various catalysts. The work includes the experiments performed with Ag

photocatalyst with different catalyst loading. The different parameters like pH, catalyst loading,

temperature that are affecting the degradation of dye have also been carefully studied and included

here


9


7. A study on reverse osmosis membrane fouling and its control strategies

Name of Student Milan R. Gohel ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Piyush B. Vanzara ([email protected])


Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the best membrane technologies for wastewater treatment and

desalination. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue, which leads to higher operating

pressure, flux decline, frequent chemical cleaning and shorter membrane life. In the present work,

RO membrane fouling types and its control strategies will be studied with a focus on latest

developments. The fundamentals of fouling are discussed in detail, including bio fouling, organic

fouling, inorganic scaling and colloidal fouling. Furthermore, fouling mitigation technologies such

as membrane pretreatment, membrane monitoring and cleaning and membrane surface

modification etc. are also discussed comprehensively. Pretreatment is widely used in practice to

reduce the burden for RO operation while real time monitoring of RO has potential of providing

support for effective and efficient cleaning. In present study, RO membrane testing kit was

fabricated and used for study of RO membrane performance and it’s fouling for wastewater

treatment. Membranes will be characterized before and after its use to quantify membrane fouling.

An attempt will be done for Physical & Chemical aspects cleaning of membrane and its effect on

membrane performance and characterization for wastewater treatment.


10


M.E / M.Tech (Environmental Engineering)

1. Application of AOPs for treatment of DASDA wastewater

Name of Student Anjali Jethwa ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Upendra. D Patel ([email protected], udpatel-

[email protected],)

Name of College Department of Environmental Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao

University, Baroda

DASDA [4-4 Di-Amino Stilbene 2-2 Disulphonic Acid] wastewater is one of the most refractory

wastewaters known so far. The objective of the study was to apply advanced oxidation processes

as a preliminary step prior to bio treatment to improve the biodegradability. Treatability studies

were conducted under laboratory conditions with two types of real DASDA wastewater collected

from an industry located near Vadodara. The DASDA wastewater 1 generated by utilizing

hydrochloric acid (HCl) and DASDA wastewater 2 generated by utilizing acetic acid (CH3COOH)

in reduction process of DASDA manufacturing. The FT (Fenton’s Treatment) of DASDA

Wastewater 1 were carried out at different combinations of pH (2.5, 3, 3.5), COD: H2O2: w/w

concentration ratio (3.5, 4.5, 5.5), H2O2:: Fe+2 w/w molar ratio (16,32,48) and at different dosages

of ozone (0.167 g/l, 0.33g/l, 0.5 g/l , 0.66 g/l, 0.83 g/l, 1 g/l). The FT of DASDA wastewater 2

were carried out at different combinations of pH (2.5, 3, 3.5), COD: H2O2: w/w concentration ratio

(2.5, 3.5, 4.5), H2O2: Fe+2 w/w molar ratio (16, 24, 32) and for ozonation/UV ozone dosages were

(0.167 g/l, 0.33g/l, 0.5 g/l, 0.66 g/l, 0.83 g/l). Using optimized experimental conditions, FT

improved the biodegradability of ww1 from ~10% to ~33% and for ww2 from 57% to ~90%.

Ozonation reduced COD of DASDA wastewater; however, the improvement in biodegradability

was insignificant.


11


M.Sc. (Environment Science)

1. Phytoremediation of the sulfonated azo dye Direct Red 5B using Plant species

via Eco-friendly methods

Name of Student Megha Fulwadiya ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Chirag Shah ([email protected])

Name of College Dept. of Environmental Science, Government Science college,

Khokhara, Maninagar

Tissue cultured shrub plants of Blumea malcolmii were found to decolorize Malachite green, Red

HE8B, Methyl orange, Reactive Red 2 and Direct Red 5B at 20 mg L 1 concentration to varying

extent within three days. A significant induction in the activities of lignin peroxidase, tyrosinase,

DCIP (2,6-dichloro-phenol-indophenol) reductase, azoreductase and riboflavin reductase in the

roots was observed during the decolorization of Direct Red 5B, which indicated their crucial role

in the metabolism of the dye. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and FTIR

(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analysis of the samples before and after decolorization

of the dye confirmed the phytotransformation of Direct Red 5B. The GC–MS (Gas

Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy) analysis of the products led us to the identification of three

metabolites formed after phytotransformation of the dye as 4-(4-amino-pheny-lazo)-benzene

sulfonic acid, 3-amino-7-carboxyamino-4-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid and 7-

carboxyamino-naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid.

2. Comparative investigations on synthesis, characterization, dye decolouration

and remediation of nutrients from industrial effluents by TiO2 and ZnO

metallic nanoparticles under UV radiation and Sunlight

Name of Student Mahisha Patel ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Dr. Nirmal Kumar, J.I ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Institute of

Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research (ISTAR),

Vallabh Vidyanagar


12


Urbanization, industrialization and agriculture sectors have resulted in generation of large amount

of wastewater containing toxic pollutants [Bhattacharya et al., 2012] include microbes (like

intestinal pathogens and viruses), nutrients (like phosphates, sulphate, nitrates), heavy metals and

metalloids (like arsenic, lead, mercury, iron, chromium), organic & inorgnic chemicals (like DDT,

lubricants, industrial solvents), oil, sediments and heat and Organic dyes from textile industrial

wastewater (10-15% of the dyes) [Gita et al., 2017]. Many techniques like electrochemical

coagulation, reverse osmosis, nano-filtration, adsorption using activated materials etc., are used

for the removal of nutrients and dye from wastewater (Sivakumar and Palanisamy, 2008],

however, they are less efficient and more expensive. Therefore, in current study, comparative

investigation was carried out on synthesis, characterization, Dye (Methyl orange, Rhodamine and

Methylene blue) decolouration and remediation of nutrients from industrial effluents (CETP mixed

effluent sample, pharmaceutical and inorganic industrial effluent sample) by TiO2 and ZnO

Nanoparticles under the influence of two radiations - Sunlight and UV radiation.


13


B.E / B.Tech (Chemical Engineering)

1. Removal of NOX from flue gas and study the effect of different parameters

Name of Student 1. Keval Harish Vara ([email protected])

2. Jaydip Parmar ([email protected])

3. Shubham Sonar ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Snigdha Khuntia ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and

Applied Science, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad

Nowadays, Pollutant gases are a serious problem in worldwide. Pollutant gases such as Carbon

Dioxide, Nitric Acid, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide emits from a different medium such

as industrial emissions, on-road emissions and residential emission. It gives an adverse impact on

the environment, climate and human health. Wet scrubbing post-combustion process is widely

used to remove the pollutants such as NOX and NO in the system. By post-combustion process,

the sparingly soluble oxides of nitrogen are restricted at an account of around 80-95%. Among all

the available methods for removal of hazardous NOX, wet oxidation is one of the simplest

processes. In this work, a strong oxidising agent, ozone has been studied for the oxidation of NOX

in the gas and water phase. To enhance the NOX absorption in water, two different types of a

catalyst such as H2O2 and Fe based nanoparticles have been considered. In this work, our main

focus is around how some parameters helps to increase the overall % of NOX removal. Parameters

which are studies here are Catalyst, Temperature, flow-rate, H2O2 concentration and SO2 flow-

rate. The temperature for NOX decomposition was mostly studied at 25℃. The effect of H2O2

shows a significant effect on the absorption of NOX in the liquid-phase, whereas it shows negligible

change is the gaseous phase.

2. Extraction of valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries

Name of Student 1. Harshit Khunt ([email protected])

2. Dixit Gumasana ([email protected])

3. Yagnesh Savaliya ([email protected])

4. Harish Singh ([email protected])

5. Jatinkumar Savani ([email protected])

mailto:[email protected]



14


Name of Guide Dr. Ghanshyam Barman ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Chhotubhai Gopalbhai Institute of

Technology, Uka Tarsadiya University, Bardoli

Batteries are widely used in many household or portable appliances and industrial applications and

since the 1990s. Earth is overburdened by fossil fuels consumption. It is necessary to switchover

from fossil fuels to green energy to save our environment. Lithium ion batteries, a type of

rechargeable batteries, have experienced a leap-frog development at technology and market share

value due to their prominent performance and environmental advantages and therefore, various

forecasts have been made on the future trend for the lithium ion batteries uses. The steady and

rapid growth in demand for Consumer Electronics (CE) and Electric Vehicles (EV), the large

volume of spent lithium ion batteries are generated, and its green utilisation is essential. This will

continuously increase in metallic waste. Thus to reduce carbon footprint due to raw material

consumption and to help preserve the environment, the recycling and recovery of the major

valuable components of the spent lithium ion batteries is beneficial.

3. Aero water generation using advanced technology

Name of Student Parmar Parul Pravinbhai ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Manjeet Mukhi ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Government Engineering College,

Bharuch

Water is one of basic need of life to sustain on earth. As there is lots of water scarcity occurs in

many regions of our country. So to meet human demands our project is attempt to provide pure

water which is drinkable in such regions. Our idea is to get water from moisture present in

atmosphere because there is always certain percentage of humidity present in atmospheric air.

Hence, this project aims to develop a technique of water production that can be practice by any

one and at any place affordably and efficiently.

4. Application of nanoparticles for wastewater treatment

Name of Student 1. Zeel Babariya ([email protected])

2. Jenis Gorasiya ([email protected])



15


Name of Guide Dr. Jayesh Ruparelia ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering

Institute of Technology, Nirma University

Water is an essential part of life and its availability is important for all living creatures. On the

other side, the world is suffering from a major problem of drinking water. There are several gases,

microorganisms and other toxins (chemicals and heavy metals) added into water during rain,

flowing water, etc. which is responsible for water pollution. There are various kinds of

nanomaterials, which carried huge potential to treat polluted water (containingmetal toxin

substance, different organic and inorganic impurities) very effectively due to their unique

properties like greater surface area, able to work at low concentration, etc. In this research nano

particles of nitrogen doped TiO2 and ZnO were prepared in the laboratory and tested for removal

of methylene blue dye.

5. Use of “Thermo-dustbin” for resource recovery from waste plastics

Name of Student 1. Vishal Kuril ([email protected])

2. Koyani Kevinkumar ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Y.C. Rotliwala ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Pacific School of Engineering,

Surat

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), New Delhi stated that the India generates 1500 tonnes

per day waste plastics. Natural degradation of plastic needs around 500 years in the earth and

causing various environmental issues. Various technological methods are being developed to

overcome the drawback of plastics, namely, their non-biodegradability. Conversion of waste

plastics into fuels (diesel and petrol) is one of the best means of conserving valuable petroleum

resources in addition to protecting the environment by limiting the volume of non-degradable

waste. In this context, an attempt has been made to fabricate the thermo-dustbin. This “Thermo-

Dustbin” imparting unique features such as: (i) provides solution to recover resource recovery

from waste plastics in a decentralised manner; (ii) can install at number of places at urban and rural

areas, in particular dedicated place of number of streets. (iii) operates in absence of oxygen at a

temperature range of 450-500 0C, (iv) produces two products, namely furnace oil and coal


16


briquette. Final year students have received SSIP grant of rupees sixty thousands from Gujarat

Technological University (GTU) for the fabrication of thermo-dustbin. Experimental runs were

carried out successfully and limited product analysis was carried out in a short duration of project

period.

6. Energy-efficient CO2 separation using nanoparticle supported membrane

Name of Student Anwesha Mohanty ([email protected])

Hrishikesh Saikia ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Swapnil Dharaskar ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum

University, Raysan, Gandhinagar

The capture of carbon dioxide gas in fossil fuel-powered industries is an essential pollution control

strategy in industries and the capture of carbon dioxide using nanomaterials-based methods is a

well-researched area. The excellent porosity of nanomaterials-based adsorbents makes them an

attractive choice for industries and different kinds of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), zeolites,

alumina, silica, carbon nanotubes have been extensively researched for carbon dioxide separation.

The choice between these available options is based on the type of operation whether it is gas-

based or vapour-liquid based and also on the desired levels of separation. In our research, we have

tried to focus on the feasibility for commercialization of the combination of nanomaterials and

membranes as a better alternative for carbon dioxide separation. These combinations are studied

under varied ranges of operating conditions, and we have tried accounting for the carbon capture

efficiencies using these combinations. In this research, we have tried synthesizing alumina

nanoparticles with optimal yield and on the bases of an extensive literature, survey desired result

would be effective boosted incorporating it in PEBAX membrane.

7. To curb air pollution by developing innovative techniques to scrub polluting

gases and particulate matter release from industries and vehicles

Name of Student 1. Shaikh Mohmed Salman Akhtar ([email protected])

2. Mohmed Sufiyan Netarwala ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Jigar Gurjar ([email protected])




17


Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Shri S’ad Vidhya Mandal Institute

of Technology, Bharuch

Air pollution occurs when dust particles and unwanted/excessive gases, fumes or odor are

introduced to the atmosphere in a way that makes it harmful to animals, plant, humans. Air

pollution threatens the health of all the living beings on our planet. It causes respiratory diseases

and cancer in humans, whereas, causes smog formation, acid rain, global warming and depletion

of ozone layer. Environment pollution is a worldwide problem and it is likely to influence the

health of human populations. This paper provides the inside view about the effects of

environmental pollution (in the perspective of air, land, water and solid waste) on humans, animals

and trees. This study finds that these kinds of pollutions not only affects the humans by diseases

but also to animals and trees (or plants). According to the time left in the hands of global

institutions, governments and local bodies, use of advanced resources to balance the environment

for living. An effective solution, “Scrubbers” reduce the temperature and volume of the

unsaturated exhaust stream. Therefore, vessel sizes, including fans and ducts downstream, are

smaller than those of other control devices. In a nutshell, smaller sizes of the devices result in

lower capital costs and more flexibility in site location of the scrubber.

8. Degradation of dye waste water by Ganoderma lucidum

Name of Student Sheth M. Juned Iqbal ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. S. I. Chatuervedi ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Shri S’ad Vidhya Mandal Institute

of Technology, Bharuch

In this work, treatment of textile dye wastewater was carried in a batch reactor using Ganoderma

lucidum. The characteristics of textile dye wastewater were studied. The effect of process

parameters like pH, temperature, agitation speed and dye wastewater concentration on dye

decolorization and degradation were studied. These parameters were optimized using response

surface methodology (RSM). From the results, the optimized conditions were: pH 6.6, temperature

26.5 oC, agitation speed 200 rpm and dye wastewater concentration 1:2. At these optimized condi-

tions, the maximum decolourization and COD reduction were found to be 81.4 and 90.3 %. Kinetic


18


studies were carried out using different models like first-order, diffusional and Singh model. From

the results, it was found that the degradation follows the first-order reaction model.

9. Determination of vapor-liquid equilibrium data of binary system comprising

green solvents through prediction methods and verification at atmospheric

pressure

Name of Student 1. Kedar H. Joshi ([email protected])

2. Darshil S. Bhatt ([email protected])

3. Milankumar H. Godhasara ([email protected])

4. Umang K. Zalriya ([email protected])

5. Mitesh B. Jogiya ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Vyomesh M. Parsana ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, V.V.P. Engineering College,

Rajkot

Data on vapor-liquid equilibrium is important and forms a base for designing of distillation column

and evaporation. Determination of such kind of data is very difficult. Solvents are very much useful

in these separation process as while defining major part of environmental and economic

performance of process in a chemical industry. Before selecting solvent, one should consider the

factors like safety, health and ease of handling. Therefore, idea of green solvent fulfils the goal of

minimizing overall environmental impact. Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for system comprising

green solvent are not available in literature or are very difficult to find. These data are predicted

using UNIFAC group contribution method and experimentally generated using ebulliometer.

Thermodynamic consistency of these data are checked, and modeling of these data can be done by

various activity coefficient model like Van Laar, NRTL, Wilson and UNIQUAC.

10. Electrochemical degradation using solar power

Name of Student 1. Antala Priyank P. ([email protected])

2. Diwani Jaykumar J. ([email protected])

3. Mandanka Kirtikumar A. ([email protected])

4. Raiyani Keyurkumar D. ([email protected])






19


Name of Guide 1. Dr. Bhavna Soni ([email protected])

2. Prof. Greeshma Nair ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, SAL College of Engineering,

Ahmedabad

The color & contamination free waste discharge or in another word recycling of wastewater is on

high priority for all develop and as well developing countries. Unfortunately, with the complicated

color-causing compounds, the decolorization of these wastes is a difficult and challenging task.

Organic contaminants in wastewater have become one of the most serious environmental problems

due to their toxicity, persistence and being bio-refractory. Many efforts have been made to develop

effective technologies for wastewater treatment over the past few decades. The methods for color

measurements and standards are then discussed. Different techniques including almost all the

known physical, chemical and biological techniques are described for decolorization. The capacity

of individual effects of each process and coupling were evaluated as functions of the

decolonization and mineralization of industrial dye solutions and also removal of Chemical oxygen

demand component also. This study highlights the potential of the electrochemical process for the

degradation of industrial dyes found in wastewaters under appropriate experimental conditions.

For the electrochemical process use solar power, this is easily available. It is consumed by the

solar panel.

11. Precious metals from E-Waste

Name of Student 1. Bhanderi Hardik ([email protected])

2. Ghoghari Bhagirath ([email protected])

3. Italiya Nikhil ([email protected])

4. Katariya Nitin ([email protected])

5. Butani Devin ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Patel Feni H. ([email protected])


Surat

Recovery of metals especially precious ones from electronic waste (e-waste) has been an important topic

not only from economic aspect but also for recycling rare natural sources and reducing the e-waste to

prevent the source of environmental pollution. In this project we are using electronic waste for






20


recovery of precious metal. Mostly electronic waste is considered as hazardous material. By using

various methods our main purpose is extraction of gold and silver from printed computer circuit,

mobile circuit, and many more. Nowadays, eventually population is increasing so there is also an

increase in demand of electronic items. This ultimately results in increased amount of electronic

waste worldwide. Many type of different methods are available for recovery of precious metal

from e-waste. Out of which we have used extraction process.

12. Production of biofertilizer from food waste

Name of Student 1. Modi Ghanshyam D. ([email protected])

2. Sojitra Hiren

Name of Guide Prof. Dishank Tailor ([email protected])


Surat

Farmers in India use more chemical fertilizers than the recommended levels for many crops. The

chemical fertilizers used, pollute the air, soil and water ecosystems. Researchers have found “Bio

fertilizer” as an excellent alternative to Chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizer are cost effective, eco-

friendly and renewable source of land nutrients. Biofertilizers can also help small and marginal

farmers to attain ultimate goal of increasing their crop productivity. The present study is aimed at

producing Biofertilizer from food wastes using composting method.

13. Production of bioethanol from sugarcane trashes by acid hydrolysis

Name of Student Raval Meetkumar Rajendra ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Rachana Rajvirsinh Solanki ([email protected])


Surat

Sugarcane farming is an economical and it is also the major raw material for the sugar industry. In

the sugar industry, bagasses and molasses are byproducts. Also sugarcane leaves are a residual

product during harvesting of sugarcane. While harvesting farmers burn leaves of sugarcane. We

can use sugarcane leaves as well as above mentioned byproducts by using acid hydrolysis to


21


produce bio ethanol. So we can utilize these wastes to produce Ethanol by using some

proven/notified process.

14. Synthesis of MOFs using waste pet bottles

Name of Student 1. Devani Parth ([email protected])

2. Padhiyar Hardipsinh ([email protected])

3. Rana Yurajsinh ([email protected])

4. Patel Parth ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Suraj Nakum ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Sal College of Engineering,

Ahmedabad

PET bottles are used as material in food items and drinking water. After single use PET bottles is

treated as waste material. But PET bottles contains up to 80 to 85 wt. % of Terephthalic acid.

Terephthalic acid has never directly used as source of organic linker for MOF synthesis. By

combining metal salts and organic linkers under hydrothermal conditions in microwave oven to

make metal-organic frameworks. Metal Organic Frameworks is also called as “MOFs.

15. Production of biodiesel from jatropha oil

Name of Student Bhatt Ishan Dineshkumar ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Jaimin Pandya ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, L J Institute of Engineering &

Technology, Ahmedabad

Biodiesel has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable

and non-toxic fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oils (both

edible and non-edible) and also from animal fat. Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, a multipurpose plant,

contains high amount of oil in its seeds which can be converted to biodiesel. J. curcas is probably

the most highly promoted oilseed crop at present in the world. The availability and sustainability

of sufficient supplies of less expensive feedstock in the form of vegetable oils, particularly J.

curcas. When proved the efficient processing technology to produce biodiesel will be crucial

determinants of delivering a competitive biodiesel. Oil contents, physicochemical properties, fatty

acid composition of J. curcas reported in literature are provided in this review. The fuel properties


22


of Jatropha biodiesel are comparable to those of fossil diesel and comply to the American and

European standards. The objective of this review is to give an update on the J. curcas L. plant in

the production of biodiesel from the seed oil and research attempts to improve the technology of

converting vegetable oil to biodiesel as well as the fuel properties of the resulted Jatropha biodiesel.

The technological methods that can be used to produce biodiesel are presented together with their

advantages and disadvantages. The use of lipase as biotechnological solution instead of alkali and

acid catalysis of trans-esterification along with its advantages are discussed. There is a need to

carry out research on the detoxification of the seed cake to increase the benefits from J. curcas.

There is also a need of carrying out life-cycle assessment and the environment impacts of

introducing large scale plantations. Additionally, a dearth of research about the influence of

various cultivation-related factors and their interactions which will influence on seed yield. Many

other areas that need to be researched on Jatropha curcas L. are also pointed out in this review.

16. Uses of havoc waste

Name of Student Chaitanya Gandhi ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Khushboo C. Shah ([email protected])



Due to the increasing demand of fuel like Fossil fuel or burning oil. Many researchers have started

finding an alternate fuel to stop extinction of fossil fuel. One of the sources to produce fuel is

through pyrolysis of the old used tires which are rich in hydrocarbons. The disposal of waste tires

can be avoided to some extent instead of it, we can recover TPO (Tire Pyrolysis Oil) which can be

used as fuel. Due to increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil

resources led the researches to find alternative fuels. This project will be helpful to solve the

problem related to disposal of waste tires and parallelly obtaining an alternate fuel in the form of

by product tire pyrolysis oil.

17. Production of bio-fuel from bio-waste

Name of Student Dhara Vipulbhai Patel ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Dhiraj Tatar ([email protected])


23




Agricultural biomass as an energy resource has several environmental and economical advantages

and has potential to substantially contribute to present days’ fuel demands. Currently,

thermochemical processes for agricultural biomass to energy transformation seem promising and

feasible. The relative advantage of thermochemical conversion over others is due to higher

productivity and compatibility with existing infrastructure facilities. However, the majority of

these processes are still under development phase and trying to secure a market share due to various

challenges, right from suitable infrastructure, raw material, technical limitations, government

policies, and social acceptance.

18. Recovery of waste engine oil

Name of Student 1. Bhumin Surti ([email protected])

2. Bhavani Singh ([email protected])

3. Savaliya Vishal ([email protected])

4. Patel Vivek ([email protected])

5. Lad Trushank ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Rashmi R. Chaudhari ([email protected])


Surat

Numerous industries are emerging in India and urban developments are accelerated giving rise to

multiple waste generations. Used lubricating oil is one of the hazardous wastes generated at

different development sectors. This study focuses on refining of used oil by applying modified

acid-clay treatment process. Used engine oil gave undesired characteristics caused by oil

deterioration. The characteristics were indicative to the source of contaminants during the oils

application period. The light fuel contamination effect was indicated by the lowered Flash Point.

Similarly, increase in the Density and viscosity was observed resulted due to Oxidation and

Polymerization products in the used Oil. Recycling experiments utilized acid and adsorbent in the

form of clay (fullers earth). The experiments showed that the acid-clay treatment process was





24


effective in recovering for the valuable oil from used engine oil samples with comparable qualities.

Also here Glacial Acetic acid and sulfuric acid is employed in the process. The acid here can be

used for multiple runs thus, making the process energy efficient and cost effective.

19. Green synthesis of metal nano particles and their biological applications

Name of Student Maulik Shekhaliya ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Vikram Panchal ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Chemical Engineering, Sal College of Engineering,

Ahmedabad

Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be synthesized easily by different chemical, physical, and

biological methods. This study aims at a green route to producing AgNPs i.e. using plant leaves

vis-à-vis the conventional methods which are energy intensive, low yielding and result in non-

uniform particle size distribution. Chemical methods are hazardous and expensive. But the

biological approach is the most emerging approach of synthesis, because it is ecofriendly, cost-

effective, one step, positively reproducible resulting in stable materials and less time consuming.

AgNPs possess unique properties which finds diverse applications in antimicrobial, anticancer,

larvicidal, catalytic, and wound healing activities. Plants are an attractive source for AgNPs

synthesis because of their ability to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with strong

reducing potentials and their ease of availability. The phytochemicals act both as reducing agent

as well as capping agent. AgNPs were prepared by the reaction of 1 mM silver nitrate with 5%

leaf extracts of 3 leaves- Azadirachta indica(Neem), Datura stramonium(Dhatura) and Millettia

pinnata(Karanj) extracted using the solvents distilled water and methanol separately. The

synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy and DLS (Direct Light

Scattering). UV–Visible spectroscopy showed peaks in the range (417-444) nm confirming the

formation of AgNPs. The nanoparticles were found having the size range of (0.5-126.4) nm as

indicated by DLS.

20. Kinetic study of vinyl ester resin synthesis and designing of reactor

Name of Student Harshit Rajawat ([email protected])

Name of Guide 1. Dr. Jayesh Ruparelia ([email protected])



25


2. Dr. Manisha Pawar



The synthesis of vinyl ester resin is done using Bis-Phenol A based epoxy resin and Methacrylic

Acid in the presence of a basic catalyst. This reaction was performed in the temperature 800C and

950 oC, in the acid & epoxy molar ratio of 2:1. A conversion of more than 95% was achieved.

The results indicated that reaction followed first-order kinetics. The reaction rate was independent

of carboxyl group concentration.

21. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles

Name of Student 1. Megh Joshi ([email protected])

2. Bhautik Bamnoliya ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Jayesh Ruparelia ([email protected])



In contemporary times, nanotechnology is a highly evolving field for the researchers.

Nanotechnology deals with nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension which are

used significantly and notably in medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other known fields.

Nanoparticles are widely used due to their small size, orientation, physical properties, which have

reportedly shown to change the performance of any other material which is in contact with these

tiny particles. These particles can be prepared easily by different chemical, physical, and biological

approaches. But the biological approach is the most emerging approach of preparation, because,

this method is easier than the other methods, ecofriendly and less time consuming. The Green

synthesis was done by using plant extracts and AgNO3. Silver was of a particular interest for this

process due to its evocative physical and chemical properties. The nanoparticles were

characterized by UV-Vis and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA).



26


B.E / B.Tech (Environmental Engineering)

1. Solar powered EC process for removal of COD from CETP wastewater

Name of Student Prajapati Drashtikumari Dineshkumar ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Meera K. Kunavarni

Name of College Department of Environmental Engineering, Government Engineering

College, Valsad

In India, the living standard is getting upgraded with the development of the economy. This leads

to consequent increase in the generation of wastewater causing damage to the environment in

various aspects. The Electro coagulation (EC) process has attracted a great deal of attention in

treating various wastewaters because of its versatility and environmental compatibility. EC process

is suitable to handle large volume for the treatment of waste water .The present study was

conducted to investigate the applicability of the solar powered EC through, solar charged batteries

and solar panels for the treatment of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) wastewater. The

solar powered EC is found to be appropriate as unit process to treat CETP wastewater. Various

parameters such as electrical density, voltage, temperature, pH, type of power supply, type of

wastewater, type of electrodes and distance between the electrodes are affected to the treatment of

waste water. The effects of operating parameters such as pH, distance between the electrodes and

type of electrodes (aluminium or iron) for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were

examined. The optimum operating range for each operating variable was experimentally

determined. The greatest removal efficiency was obtained with the use of aluminum as electrodes.

2. Design and development of air pollution control device for two-wheeler

vehicles

Name of Student 1. Joshi Mudra ([email protected])

2. Palak Chaudhary ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Chavda Pratiksinh ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Renewable

Energy and Environmental Engineering, S. D. Agricultural University,

Sardarkrushinagar


27


Automobiles play vital role to ‘Set the World in Motion’; but emission from them is increasing

day by day. Thanks to increase in their numbers which affects life and environment. Automobile

emits mainly Carbon monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NO)x, Hydrocarbon (HC) and

Particulate Matter (PM). Increased concentration of these pollutant contribute to international

threat like Climate Change and Global Worming. To combat these threats and air pollution

occurring due to automobile especially two-wheelers, an air pollution control device was designed

and developed utilizing the principle of electrostatic precipitation using low voltage system

consisting of Iron, Steel and Aluminum plates with holes which was applied at the exhaust. The

performance of the unit was evaluated using RTO authorized PUC device. The device found to

reduce concentration of CO, HC, CO2 and O2, from 81.81 % to 95.46 %, -18.42 % to -150 %,

24.25% to – 25% and -1.33 % to 3.6% respectively.

3. Bringing resource efficiency through development of automated dry cleaning

system for solar photovoltaic module

Name of Student 1. Kachhva Paresh H. ([email protected])

2. Kidiya Riyaj W. ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. V. M. Modi ([email protected])



Sardarkrushinagar

Solar photovoltaic power generation is becoming more prevalent around the world. Solar panel is

the main and most expensive component for converting solar radiation directly into electricity.

The accumulation of dust particles and debris on the surface of photovoltaic panels negatively

affects the power performance, so it is essential to keep solar panel clean always. Present practices

of photovoltaic panel cleaning involve use of hand operated mop and water. In large power plant

water tankers are used to spray water on the panel surface. All such approaches of panel cleaning

consume excessive water and are highly laborious. Often, on evaporation of water, inborn salt

particles arise on the panel surface which degrade panel surface and reduce conversion efficiency

of the solar system. In view of above consideration, an automated dry cleaning system for solar

string (Series of modules) has been designed and developed in the College of Renewable Energy



28


and Environmental Engineering, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University,

Sardarkrushinagar. The system works on rail principle which mainly involves a micro controller

based rotating brush for making to and fro movement on tracks, created along both side of the

solar string. The system was tested on 5 kW solar string of 20 m length, comprising 21 solar

modules. Results revealed that the system took 10 minutes for complete cleaning in three pass of

operation. Power consumption for the cleaning operation was found to be 48 W. Performance

evaluation of the system showed that, cleaning operation generates 15-20 percent more power, it

is as compared to panels not cleaned till a week during dusty season. The waterless cleaning

process saves water of about 1,00000 liter and manpower of about 192 days annually. Payback

period of the system was found to be 2 years.

4. Design and development of solar tree for multipurpose power application

Name of Student 1. Singh Vikaskumar Shambhukumar ([email protected])

2. Sanghani Chirag Dhirajlal ([email protected])




Sardarkrushinagar

The Solar Tree is an integration of a cleaner solar photovoltaic technology to create a replica of an

aesthetically looking sunflower plant for multipurpose power application. The low cost system

was designed and developed by internal skill and indigenous components at the College of

Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K. Nagar. To

provide the Sunflower look to the structure, total 24 solar modules, each of 20 Wp power capacity

were arranged in like petals, the structure was supported by a stem, created by means of rope

wrapped iron pole. The flower part is mounted on manual single axis tracking system and given

angle of 37 degree towards south direction to make best use of solar radiation for whole days. Four

12V, 60Ah batteries are used to store power to run 4 Solar LED Lights of 18 Watt each during

night. Apart from lighting the system is being used for recharging of cell phone, laptop and

electrical vehicles. The solar tree is installed in the centre of the college garden which provides an

artistic seating area, imparts skill to students and attract visitors for the niche efforts about solar

architecture. Performance evaluation revealed that the system is space effective as it occupy just


29


10 percent land area as compared to solar plant of similar capacity. The solar tree is standalone

eco-friendly power generation unit which saves fixed cost on power transmission components and

long cables and recurring cost of electrical power consumption. Payback period of the system was

worked out to be 3 years.

5. By-product utilization of cashew nut processing industry

Name of Student 1. Vijay A. Prajapati ([email protected])

2. Mehul D. Prajapati ([email protected])

Name of Guide 1. Dr. D. B. Patel ([email protected])

2. Prof. P. D. Chavda ([email protected])



Sardarkrushinagar

The cashew comprises of approximately 30 % nut and 70 % shell. While the nut is eaten throughout

the world, the Cashew nutshells are very hard, with a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm is commonly

discarded. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CSNL) is another by-product obtained from cashew nutshell

and utilized as biomass fuel for cleaner power generation. The de-oiled cashew nutshell is

discarded as waste and the aim of this study is to utilize this waste as a soil conditioner by mixing

it sludge generated from sewage in various proportions. As different plants have different NPK

(Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) requirements various ratio for sludge and cashew is derived for

different NPK. The NPK content for 50:50 mixture of Sewage Sludge (SS) and Cashew Nut Shell

(CNS) were found 5.087 %, 0.228 % and 0.404 %. The NPK content for 60:40 mixture of SS and

CNS were found 4.345 %, 0.314 % and 0.351 %. The NPK content for 70:30 mixture of SS and

CNS were found 3.604 %, 0.350 % and 0.299 %. The NPK content for 80:20 mixture of SS and

CNS were found 2.862 %, 0.387 % and 0.246 %.

6. Design and development of reed bed technology for sewage water treatment

and biomass production

Name of Student 1. Shavadi RehmanAli MahediAli ([email protected])

2. Tuvar Nikhil Ganpatbhai ([email protected])




30





Sardarkrushinagar

Reeds are coarse grasses growing in wet places. Reed bed is one of the natural and cheap methods

of treating domestic, industrial and agricultural liquid wastes. Reed bed is considered as an

effective and reliable secondary and tertiary treatment method where land area is not a major

constraint. Generally reed bed is made in shallow pits, installed with a drain pipe in a bed of pieces

of lime stones and filled up with pebbles and graded sand. In this sandy body, reed plants generally

with hollow root which bring oxygen into the filter bed are planted.

Reedbed Technology is a highly effective environmentally sustainable alternative to high energy

mechanical treatment systems, resulting in dramatically lower operating costs and a reduced

carbon footprint:

Slashing operating costs by 80%.

Reducing carbon emissions by 90%.

Reduced noise and pollution.

Reduced maintenance.

Reduced energy consumption.

Easy to operate.

Usage of biomass as a fuel having optimum calorific value.

By providing greening and cooling landscaped zones, reed beds enhance public spaces, provide

habitat and promote biodiversity. As opposed to being left with a contaminated waste requiring

disposal, the end result of Reedbed Technology’s passive sludge treatment systems is a rich

valuable resource which offers benefits for the agricultural, horticultural and municipal sectors.

7. Water treatment using moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant and flocculant

Name of Student 1. Chavda Nehal M. ([email protected])

2. Sherasiya Misba A. ([email protected])

3. Saha sweta ([email protected])




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Name of Guide Prof. J. R. Samriya ([email protected], [email protected])



Sardarkrushinagar

As India grows and urbanize, a lot of industries are developing and ultimately pollutes water

bodies. 40 million liters of water per day enters in rivers and other water bodies that make water

toxic. The cost to clean rivers providing reliable water is too expensive. Water quality deteriorates

to such an extent that it is difficult to drink it directly, especially in village of India and the

backward public areas, who do not have proper equipment to treat water and suffer from lots of

waterborne diseases. Moringa oleifera (Drumsticks) which is common in Indian houses, can be

used as a coagulant for primary treatment of water and can improve the quality of drinking water.

Moringa olifera was compared to alum sulphate (alum) in its effectiveness but Moringa oleifera

showed major advantage of being produced locally, cheap and environmentally sound.

Effectiveness of dose of the coagulant may vary depending on the contaminations of raw water

quality.

8. Aerobic treatment of municipal leachate

Name of Student 1. Shraddha Garg ([email protected])

2. Adwaitha Sunilkumar ([email protected])

3. Sarvesh Tripathi ([email protected])

4. Nidhi Joshi ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Darshan Salunke ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Environmental Engineering, Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute

of Chemical Technology, Ankleshwar

Leachate generation is a major problem for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and causes

significant threat to surface water and groundwater. Leachate can be defined as a liquid that passes

through a landfill and has extracted dissolved and suspended matter from it. Several methods exist

for the treatment of leachate. Physico-chemical methods such as Advanced Oxidation Processes

(AOPs) finds its potential in the degradation as illustrated by various studies. Biodegradation is by

far, the most sought after treatment methods owing to its versatility, cost effectiveness and its being






32


environmentally benign. In fact, aerobic treatment of leachate has the potential to generate

bioenergy as well apart from producing other valuable by-products. This work reviews the various

aerobic methods available for leachate degradation. There are many applications that can be used

for thr aerobic treatment process, examples are as follows: SBR, RBC, Activated Sludge Process

etc. The removal efficiency of COD in aerobic treatment is about 80 %. In addition to this we

have used the physico chemical treatment process for leachate that is Electrocoagulation. This

process is considered as to be a post treatment process. The efficiency of this treatment for removal

of COD is about 90%.

9. Removal of ammonical nitrogen of industrial wastewater using cationic ion

exchange resin

Name of Student 1. Jenish Sanghani ([email protected])

2. Nitu Chandel ([email protected])

3. Shivam Parekh ([email protected])

4. Keval Ramoliya ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Manoj Kumar ([email protected])



Ammonical nitrogen (NH4-N), present in different types of waters and wastewaters, in such ways

likes lakes, rivers and drinking water reservoirs. The nitrification-denitrification biological

process, reduces nitrogen in wastewater. During the process unionized ammonia and ionized

ammonia are generated in the water. The presence of unionized ammonia is toxic to aquatic

organisms and the ionized ammonia causes the disinfection and the breakpoint chlorination, the

method which we are using is adsorption method in which we are going to use types of cation

resins. Cation resins are used as adsorbent of ammonia, ion exchange by way of nitrogen removal

in the wastewater. Ion exchange resins have good adsorption capacity of high ammonia, the

adsorption stability, easy regeneration. Using ion exchange resins can overcome the blow off-

method, the cost, and formation of sludge, environment-friendly, suitable for treating Ammonical

nitrogen wastewater.


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10. Utilization of Fly ash: Amber paint

Name of Student 1. Sudeep Desai

2. Mahima Maheshwari ([email protected])

3. Parmar Dhrumi

4. Patel Priyansi

5. Patel Rutvik

Name of Guide Prof. Kunal Majmudar ([email protected])



In the recent era, industrialization is increasing rapidly and hence, the power generation continues

to increase by about 70% of the total power generated in India, which is based on thermal power

plants, where bituminous coal are burnt in huge amount and is estimated to generate about 80-90

million tons of fly ash per annum. Coal based power plants are major source of electricity

generation. Coal combustion for the generation of electricity results in the generation of 30-35%

of fly ash as a waste product. Fly ash is a finely divided powder generated as a solid waste in huge

quantities during power generation. Heavier ash particles (Bottom ash or slag) fall to the bottom

of the burning chamber and the lighter ash particles (Fly Ash) fly out with the exhaust gas, thus is

termed as Fly Ash. In this project, fly ash is utilized as the filler or extender in the manufacturing

of paint. It is economically feasible and fly ash can be used as bio extender.

11. Making the alternative of traditional plastic (bio plastic) via waste

utilization

Name of Student 1. Dolia Prakruti ([email protected])

2. Kapadi Mohit ([email protected])

3. Limbasiya Mayur ([email protected])

4. Maisuriya Divya ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Pratibha Gautam ([email protected])




34


Plastic have become an integral part of our lives. Estimate plastic waste generated in India for

2017-18 is 660,787.85 tons, enough to fill 66,079 trucks at 10 tons a truck. So it is the major track

to find the alternative of traditional plastic and bio plastics are one of the most innovative

environmental friendly type of plastic developed. This study is intended to provide information

about alternative to traditional plastics for the betterment of earth environment along with the

waste utilization. Bio plastic is obtaining from natural polymers from agricultural, cellulose or

starch waste mainly. Bio plastic can also made from activated sludge obtained from waste water

treatment. The main focus of this review work is to made bio plastic from any waste material with

revamping.

12. Landfill mining- the step from waste to resource

Name of Student 1. Juhita Singh ([email protected])

2. Bansari Shah

3. Drasti Chaudhary

4. Jaymin Bakre

Name of Guide Prof. Darshan Salunke ([email protected])



Over since many years city refuse is being dumped in open. This dump sites contain municipal

solid waste from sources such as residential, construction and demolition activity, commercial

buildings etc. These dump sites are threats to the environment and consume valuable land. These

dumpsites are creating many negative impacts in terms of water contamination, air pollution and

land degradation. From the idea of landfill reclamation, the study here by aims to reclaim the open

dumpsites by recovery of materials i.e. waste to materials and waste to energy. This involves the

excavation, screening and separation of material from dumpsite into various components including

soil, recyclable materials and residues, waste plastic, glass and ceramics etc. The solid waste

characterization for the area was taken into consideration and the amount of solid waste deposited

in it was noted. This paper will discuss on the findings of the studies on the recovery of

decomposed materials from dumpsites in Bharuch near Gujarat in India.


35


13. Conversion of discarded tender coconut shells into fuels

Name of Student 1. Abhiraj Gohil

2. Charmi Panchani ([email protected])

3. Jahanvi Patel

4. Tasvir Patel

Name of Guide Prof. Bhasha Mehta ([email protected])



Current Emerging issue is the management of solid waste. It is necessary to reduce the waste and

dispose it properly. The Paper consists of Experimental brief study on conversion of used tender

coconut shells into fuel. The Aim of this Project is to reduce the Amount of Solid Waste and also

to utilize Waste into an effective fuels. Coconut Shells are being produced in Large Amount of

Quantity in India. Tender coconut water is a natural drink which has high demand worldwide,

particularly in tropical countries like India. However in major places due to lack of awareness

tender coconut shells are simply discarded due to which environment degradation is created and

thereby leading to waste management problem. Present study has been conducted to recycle them

into effective fuel. It aims to convert into clean combustion fuel in domestic stoves and to promote

smokeless and eco-friendly practices in rural households. The conventional fuels made from

coconut shells can also be used as supporting material for combustion, filtration and many such

process.

14. Production of bio-char from agricultural waste and its application

Name of Student Nirali Patel ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Pratibha Gautam ([email protected])



Biomass is a plant or animal material used for energy production or in various industrial process

as raw material for a range of products. Biochar is a carbon rich highly porous substance which

can be produced through different processes such as pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal


36


carbonization of organic biomass. Major characteristics of biochar include large surface area and

high cation exchange & water holding capacity. The common feedstocks of biochar production

are energy crops, residues, agriculture waste, animal waste, kitchen waste, sewage sludge etc.

Production of biochar helps in achieving the objective of waste minimization, energy recovery and

mitigation of greenhouse gas emission. The applications of biochar has a wide range including soil

conditioning, wastewater treatment, catalysis and energy production etc. This paper reviews the

different methods used to produce biochar from agricultural waste with their advantages and

disadvantages. Utilization of biochar for various environmental applications is also under scope of

this paper and is discussed in detail.

15. Development of portable cooler and heater by thermoelectric effect

Name of Student 1. Dave Poojaben Anilbhai ([email protected])

2. Vankar Kavitaben Kalabhai ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Prajesh M. Patel ([email protected])



Sardarkrushinagar

The global increasing demand for refrigeration, led to production of more electricity and

consequently more use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which acts as a contributing factor in the

depletion of ozone layer. The solutions of ozone layer depletion is to find the alternatives which

are either not using the refrigerant which has lower or negligible potential of ozone depletion. In

order to make some alternate to reduce use of refrigerant we have developed the portable cooler

and heater by thermoelectric effect. It consists of 4 thermoelectric peltier modules, heat sink with

4 fans, 2 batteries, charge controller, thermocol box and solar panel. The 4 peltier modules each of

them having capacity of 50 watt are connected in series and parallel. For rejection of heat or cold,

all the modules are attached with heat sink and fan having 12 v and 0.28 A. A sandwich of peltier

module with the help of thermal paste is made. The four peltier modules with fans are placed on

the top of the thermocol box having capacity of 16.1438 liter. We have tested the developed

portable cooler and heater by thermoelectric effect under zero load, 1 liter of water and 2 liter of

water for cooling as well as heating application. During cooling operation in January 2020, the



37


developed portable cooler and heater has achieved the temperature inside thermocol box in zero

load condition, 1 liter of water and 2 liter of water are 18.8 ºC, 18.6 ºC and 17.7 ºC respectively.

During heating operation in January 2020, the developed portable cooler and heater has achieved

the temperature inside Thermocol box in zero load condition, 1 liter of water and 2 liter of water

are 42.4 ºC, 33.3 ºC and 32.5 ºC respectively.


38


B.Sc. (Environmental Science)

1. Ecofriendly bioremediation of malachite green dyes by an isolated bacteria

Name of Student Shivam Chauhan ([email protected])

Name of Guide Dr. Chirag Shah ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Environment Science, Government Science College,

Khokhara, Maninagar

Textiles and dye industries contribute to water and soil pollution in a major way. These industries

discharge large volume of color effluents due to the presence of synthetic dye, which pose major

environmental problems. Many physical and chemical methods are used in treatment process, but

they are economically expensive. Biological methods are being simple to use and low cost. This

study is done to isolate and enrich bacterial strain capable of decolorizing some commercial dyes.

The Bacillus subtilis culture is screened and is tried for biodecolorization studies. The isolated

bacterial strain which can degrade Orange 2R, Turquoise blue, Reactive yellow MERL, Golden

yellow, Malachite green, Methylene blue, Crystal violet. Among these dyes, Malachite green dye

was decolorized at highest percentage. So we are utilizing this dye as model dye and further

physical parameter such as pH, temperature, inoculum load, process condition. Enrichment studies

by replacing carbon and nitrogen source exhibit some notable results. Sucrose (1gm %) in place

of glucose and use of cheaper Urea (organic nitrogen) and NH4Cl (inorganic nitrogen) in place of

peptone are concluded as better alternatives and double efficiency in biodecolourization is

observed. HPTLC studies proved that the malachite green dye has been completely degraded by

this isolate after 24 hours. These results along with spectrophotometric data prove the efficiency

of bacteria suggesting its possible use in treating dye containing effluents. This strain can be further

studied for pilot experimentation at dye-industry effluent plant.


39


2. Physicochemical analysis and treatability studies of groundwater from

selected sites

Name of Student 1. Nidhi Joshi ([email protected])

2. Shivam Trivedi ([email protected])

3. Bhumikaben Patel ([email protected])

4. Jalpa Patel ([email protected])

5. Lalita Rathva ([email protected])

Name of Guide Prof. Rashmi C. Patel ([email protected])

Name of College Department of Environment Science, Natubhai V. Patel College of Pure

and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand

In this study total four sites where selected from Industrial, Residential, Agriculture and Landfill

zones. Samples were collected in four phases to analyze the physicochemical parameters before

treatment and after giving selected treatments. Parameters such as pH, EC, Alkalinity,

Chlorine(residual), BOD, DO, Solids, Hardness, Sodium, Potassium, Boron, Sulphate, Inorganic

phosphate, Nitrate, Iron, Copper, Chromium were analyzed. Treatments were based on chemical

(Charcoal treatment), physical (Aeration treatment), biological (Moringa oleifera). Samples were

assed with reference to the BIS and WHO standards. Analytical data shows that concentration of

heavy metals was high in control but after giving treatments it decreased to the permissible limit.

This high concentration of heavy metals in groundwater was probably due to unsafe discharge of

effluent from industries, municipal wastewater, fertilizers, domestic discharge etc. However,

analytical data indicates groundwater in study area is facing problem but if water used after

treatment it can be reach to the permissible limit.





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Notes


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CONTACT US

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+91 98251 46844

[email protected]

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www.gcpcgujarat.org.in

www.gcpcenvis.nic.in

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INTERLINKING INDUSTRY ACADEMIA 2020-21 - Gujarat