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A
FOUNDATION
DICTIONARY OF
RUSSIAN
A
FOUNDATION
DICTIONARY OF
RUSSIAN3000 HIGH SEMANTIC FREQUENCY WORDS ILLUSTRATED
WITH PHRASES AND SENTENCES
(formerly titled "Essential Russian- English Dictionary")
BY
B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY,
V. I. ZIMIN AND E. Y. SOSENKO
ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY V. KOROTKY
Dover Publications, Inc., CNew york
Published in Canada by General Publishing Com-pany Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto,
Ontario,
Published in the United Kingdom by Constable
and Company, Ltd., 10 Orange Street, LondonWC 2.
This Dover edition, first published in 1967, is an
unabridged and unaltered republication of the
work originally published by Progress Publishers,
Moscow, under the title Essential Russian-English
Dictionary.
International Standard Book Number: 0-486-21860-0
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-28632
Manufactured in the United States of AmericaDover Publications, Inc.
180 Varick Street
New York, N.Y. 10014
FOREWORD
This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without ateacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.) outside Russian linguistic milieu.
It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists of the commonest Russian words (vo-
cabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of thewords and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the wordsbut their uses as well.
The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing themeanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary,semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jik>6ob& k po~#HHe love for one's country, c^eJiaTb bhbo# to draw a conclusion, coBepmnTb no-CTynoK to perform an action, KaK sac 30ByT? What is your name?, Mli ono3#a-jih k na^ajiy cneKTanjiH We were late for the performance, etc. A number of
words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative
expressions containing these words are given, e.g. Jlter Kan H3 Be/jpa It is
raining cats and dogs, Bcero xoponiero All the best, Ym xopomo, a ftBa jiynmeTwo heads are better than one, etc.
The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words.At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which
widen the scope of the vocabulary.It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dic-
tionary will provide the necessary foundation .for conversation on variouseveryday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals
without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often.
Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in
its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speechit is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonestof these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as
separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given inthe same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionaryis based on an exact word count.
The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals,pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives
have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article
define them clearly enough.Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender and the pecu-
liarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of
an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. Konlen, gen. -na, end) or genitive
plural (e.g. naji|Ka, gen. pi. -ok, stick; okho, gen. pi. okoh, window) is supplied.
The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full.
Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl.
All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. boa3»acc. boAy » water; ctoji, gen. CTOJia, pi. ctojibi, table; etc.
Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter_and plural
endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are
4
irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short formadjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones.
Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive
and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed bythe feminine, neuter and plural forms.
Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons
singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are
specially marked, e.g. npOAOJmtaTLca to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no-
6ejiHTB to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formationof the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is
formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (Be3TH
to carry — Be3, Be3Jia; b3htb to take — bshji, B3flJia). Irregular formations of the
imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6htb to beat — Sen.
Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfec-
tive verbs only the infinitive is given, w7ith reference to the imperfective for
meaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective
forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms.
After the imperfective forms questions are supplied helping to determinethe government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counter-part in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in oneof its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning.
When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is
always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective coun-terpart in one meaning and a different one in another.
Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also givenafter certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives.
Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneouslywith studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not enteredas separate words, e.g. meji (from ii^th to go), Bbime (from bbicokhh high),
MHe (from a I), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the ini-
tial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as
independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. jnoftn people, jiy^me better,
etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their
principal forms.Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all.
In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically.In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns de-
noting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural.
These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjec-
tives, e.g. <f)paHH,y3 Frenchman, <£paHuy>KeHKa Frenchwoman; $paHn;y3i>i the French,OpaHUHH France; $paHn.y3CKHu French.
Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given.Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked
['], the secondary p ]. All the words without independent stress should bemerged in pronunciation with the principal word, as t&k >Ke, na ctoji, ne 6 bin,
He cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets.
The Compilers
THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET
A a P p
B 6 G c
B B T T
F r y y
E e X x
E e
m >k
3 3 EI in
H H m m
ft H
K K BI H
«J X til b
M M 9 3
H H K) io
o H H
n n
ABBREVIATIONS
ace, accusativeadj,, adjectiveadv., adverbant., antonymcolloq., colloquialcomp., comparativeconj., conjunctiondat., dative
/., femininefig., figurative
fut., futuregen., genitiveimp., imperfectiveimper., imperativeimpers., impersonalindecl., indeclinableinf., infinitiveinstr., instrumentallit., literal
m., masculine
n., nounneat., neuternum., numeralp., perfectiveparen., parentheticpart., participlepers., personphilos., philosophypL, pluralposs., possessivepred., predicatepredic, predicativeprep., prepositionprepos., prepositionalpron., pronounq. v., which seesing., singularsupeH., superlativeusu., usually
A, a
A con), andH ynyc& b yhhb6peineTe, a ne b hh-CTHTyTe. / study at a university,
and not at an institute. Mu H3ynaeMpyCCKHH H3BIK, a 0HK aHrJIl'lHCKHII.
We study Russian and they, English.ABryCT m., no
fpL August
Cero/iHH #ecHToe aBrycTa. Today is
the tenth of August. H npnexan baBrycxe. / came in August, fl npn-exaji AecHToro aBrycTa. / came onthe tenth of August.
ABTOBYC m. busExaTB na aBTo6yco. To go by bus.
B aBTo6yce MHoro HapoAy. Thereare many people in the bus.
ABTOMAT m. automatic machineTejie<|K3H~aBTOMaT. Public telephone.
GTaHOK-aBTOMaT. Automatic machine-tool.
ABTOMOBfiJIb m. motor-carExaTt na &BTOMo6HJie. To go bycar.
ABTOP m. authorAbtoP khhth. The author of a book.
ABTOP^lI|KA /., gen. pi. -gk foun-tain-penIlHcaTb aBTOpy^KOH. To write witha fountain-pen.
ArPECCflBHIblS, -as, -oe, -tie aggres-sive
ArpeccHBHan nojintHKa. An aggres-
sive policy.
ArPOHOM m. agronomistPaSoTaTfc arponoMOM. To work as
an agronomist.
AJJPEC rn., pi. -a address
J\ame uue Bam aapec. Give me youraddress. ITocnaTB hhcbmo no a^pe-
cy. To send a letter to an address.
AKAftfiMHH /, academyAKa^^MHH nays:. The Academy of
Sciences. GejiBCKOX03HHCiBeHHafl
aKa^eMHH. The Agricultural Academy.yHHTBca b aKa^MHH. To study at
an academy.AKKyPATHIblK, -an, -oe, -He, short
form aKKyp^Ten, aKKyp&rH|a t -o,
-h; ado. aKKyparao painstaking,punctualAKKyp^THHH ctvkSht. A painstak-ing, punctual student. IThc6te> aK-KypaTHO. To write carefully.
AHAJIH3 m. analysisAniens h CHHTe3. Analysis andsynthesis. Ah^jihs MeHtAyHaptfAHoronoJioHteHHH. An analysis of the in-
ternational situation.
Ahsljih3 KpOBH. Blood test.
AHrfiHA /., no pi. tonsillitis
y mqhk aHrHHa. / have tonsillitis.
BoJieTB aHrnnoH. To be ill withtonsillitis.
AIIEJIbCfiH m. orangeBKycHBin anejiBCira. A tasty orange.
KnjiorpaMM anejiBCHHOB. A kilo-
gramme of oranges.
AnJIOHfiPlOBATb, -yio, -yerab, -yiOT
imp. k o m y? ne My? to applaudAnjiOAnpoBaTb apTHCTy. To applaudan actor.
AIHIETST m. appetiteXopomnn anneTHT. A good appe-tite. IIpHHTHoro anneTHTal / wishyou a good appetite!
AIIPEJIb m.t no pi. April
CeroAHH nepBoe anpena. Today is
the first of April. Oh npneA^T b
anpeJie. He will come in April.
J^BafluaTB TpeTBero anpe-rtfl mbi 63-
AHJin na BKCKypcnio. We went onan excursion on the twenty-third ofApril.
AETTEKA /. chemist's
fle?KypHafi anTeKa. Duty chemist's.
IIoKynaTb JieKapcTBa b anreKe. Tobuy medicine at a chemist's shop.
APEy*3 m. water-melonCneJifcJH ap6y3. A ripe water-melon.
APE 8 BE3
APECT|OBATB, -yro, -yem&, -yiOTimp. & jy. koto? to arrest
ApecTOBaTB npecTynniiKa. To arrest
a criminal.
APMHH /. armyCaJiLHajT apMHH. A strong army.
APTflCT m. actor
ApTHCT khho. A cinema actor. Ha-
poffHHH apTiicT CGGP. A People's
Artist of the USSR.APXHTEKTOP m. architect
TjiaBHUH apxnTeKTOp. The chief
architect. IIpo^KT apxHTeKTOpa. Thearchitect's project.
ACIIHPAHT m. post-graduate studentAcnnpauT Ka<£eApH MaTeMaTHKH.A post-graduate of the MathematicsChair.
ATOM m. atomAtom BOAopoAa. A hydrogen atom.
ATOMH|Bltl, -an, -oe, -He atomicATOMHaa anepriiH. Atomic energy.
ATOMHaa aJieKTpocTaHnHH. An atom-
ic power-station. Atomheih JietfO-
koji. An atomic ice-breaker. ATOM-Haa 6oM6a. An atomic bomb.
AyflHTOPHH /.
1. lecture-room. IlaTafl ay^HTopHH.Lecture-room No. 5. Mh 3ann-MaeMca b TpeTBen ayflHTopira.
We have our lessons in BoomThree.
2. audience. BHHMaTejitHafl ayjin-
TopHfi. An attentive audience.
A3PO3P0M m. aerodromeHa aapoApoMe. At the. aerodrome.
ExaTB Ha aapoApoM. To drive to
the aerodrome.
A3POII0PT m., prepos. b aaponopryairport
BcTpenaxb AeJieraniiio b aaponopTy.To meet a delegation at the airport.
E, 5
BABymiKA /., gen. pi. -eK grand-mother
BA3A /.
1. basis. 9K0H0MiraecKafl 6a3a. Aneconomic basis.
2. base. BoeHHaa 6a3a. A military
base.
BAJI m., prepos, na 6ajiy & o 6aJTe;
pi. -u ball
Ohii no3HaKOMHJinci> na 6ajiy. Theymet at a ball.
EAJIET m. ballet
Hobhh 6aJieT. A new ballet. Cmo-TpeTB 6ajieT. To see a ballet. IIohthHa 6ajieT. To go to a ballet.
BAJIKOH m. balconyBbihth Ha 6ajiKOH. To come (go) outon to the balcony.
BAHK m. bankrocy^apcTBeHHtii 6aHK. The State
Bank. HaunoHajitHHH 6aHK. TheNational Bank.
EAH|KA /., gen. pi. -ok jar
CTeKJiHHHan 6aHKa. A glass jar.
EAHH /. bath-houseEACKETEOJI m., no pi. basket-ball
MrpaTS b 6acKeT66ji. To play bas-
ket-ball.
BACCEflH m.1. swimming-pool. njianaTB b 6ac-
ceime. To swim in a swimming-pool.
2. basin. KaMenHoyroJiBHtiH 6ac-
cetiH. A coal basin.
EAm|HH /., gen. pi. -en towerBticoKafl 6amHH. A high tower.
KpeMJieBCKiie 6amHH. The Kremlintowers.
BEFAITL, -io, -erat, -k>t imp. to runfleTH 6eraK>T b ca#y. The children
are^ running about in the garden.
BE3A f., pi. 6eAH misfortune, trouble
flpyr noMor MHe b 6e%e. My friend
helped me in my need.
BEflHjblfi, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form6eAen, 6eAHa, 6e,HH[o, -h; adv. o^fluo
1. poor. BeAaaa crpana. A poorcountry. Oh 6liji 6eAH0 oa6t.He was poorly dressed.
2. fig. poor, y nerd 6eAHoe boo6-
pa>KeHH0. He has a poor imagi-
nation.
3. fig., only complete form poor.
BeAHan H<eHinHHai Ona noTepanacmna. The poor woman! She has
lost her son.
BE/KATE, 6ery, 6e?KHmL, 6eryT imp.1. to run, CnopTCMen 6emm 6uct-
po. The sportsman runs quickly.
2. fig. to fly. BpeMH 6emwr. Timeflies.
BE3 prep. -{-gen. withoutHan 6e3 caxapa. Tea without sugar.
Xoahtl 6e3 manKH. To go without
a cap.
EE3 9 BHJ1
<0> Be3 naTH aranyT BOceMb. Five
minutes to eight. HeT n>iMa 6"e3
orHfl (proverb). There is no smokewithout a fire.
EE3PAE<5TH|blfl w., gen. -oro unem-ployed personOh 6e3pa6oTHHH. He is unemployed.
BEJI|blS, -an, -oe, -Lie whiteBenaa CKaTepTb. A white table-cloth.
<> Benhm xjieo". White bread.
BEJIBE neut., no pi. underwear; linenHa#eT& qncToe 6ejite. To put onclean underwear. OTflarB 6eJifce b
CTHpny, To give out one's washing.
IIocTeJi&Hoe 6eJii>e. Bed-linen.
BEPEF m.tprepos. o 6epere & na 6e-
pery; pL -a bank, shore
Beper peKH. The bank of the river.
Beper 03epa. The shore of the lake.
OTAHxaTb Ha 6epery Mopa. To rest
at the seaside.
BEPEHb, 6epery, 6epe>KemL?Seperyi,
past 6eper, 6eper«n|a, -6, -h imp.koto? hto? to take care (of)
Beper vine 3#opoBBe. Take care of
your health. Eepeat Aexea. To take
care of the children. Bepe^iB
BpeMJT. To make the most of one's
time.
BECEflA /. conversation
flpyjKecKaa 6ecena. A friendly con-
versation. BecTH 6ece#y. To carry
on a conversation,
EECEffiOBATb, -yto, -yerat, -yK>T imp.
c k e m? o kom? o a e m? /p . no-
6eceA|OBaTB, -yio, -yerat, -yiOT to
talk
H 6ece#yK> c TOBapHmeM o hobohKHHre. / am talking about a new book
with my friend.
EECKOHEHHIBIB, -aa, -oe, -tie, short
form 6ecK0HeaeH, 6ecKOHeaHja, -o,
-BI
1. endless. EecKOHeanaa paBunna.An endless plain.
2. endless. GecKoneaHBiH cnop. Anendless argument.
3. infinite. Mnp 6ecKOHeaen, Theworld is infinite.
EECIIAPTfifiHIBlfi m., gen. -oro non-partyOh 6ecnapTHHHHH. He belongs to no
party.
BECnJlATHlBlfi, -aa, -oe, -He; adv.
6ecnjiaTH0 free, gratis
BecnnaTHoe o6y tieHHe. Free educa-tion. BecnjiaTnoe MeflnnancKoe 06-
CJiyjKHBaHne . Free medical service.
OT#Lixa*TB 6ecnjiaTHO b canaTopnir.To have free lodgings and board in
a sanatorium.BECrtOKO
I
WThCH , -row., -hiubch,-aTCa imp. o kom? o neii?1. to worry, to be anxious. Becno-
kohtlch o fleTflX. To worry aboutthe children. BecnoKoHTBca o3#opoBBe. To be concerned withone's health.
2. to bother. He SecnoKoirrecB, acaM 3T0 c^ejiaio. Don't bother,
I'll do it myself.BECnOKOllHIBlH, -aa, -oe, -Bie; adv.
6ecnoKOHHO1. restless. BecnoKoiraaa jkh3Hb.A restless life.
2. restless. BecnoKOHiiBin qe-JiOBeK.
A restless person.
3. fig. agitated. BecnOKoimoe Mope.A. choppy sea.
BECnOJJE3H|BlS, -an, -oe, -Bie, short
form 6ecnojie3eH, 6ecnojre3H|a, -o-bi; adv. 6ecnojre3HO uselessBecnojie3Hoe 3anaTiie. A useless
occupation.
BECnOMOH};H|BlK, -aa, -oe, -Bie, short
form 6ecnoMOrqeH, 6ecn6M0ina|a, -o,
-bi; adv. 6ecnoMomHO helplessBecnoMon^HBiH peSenoK. A helpless
child
.
BECnOPflfllOK m., gen. -Ka disorder
BecnopaAOK b KOMaaTe. Disorderin the room.
BHBJIHOTEKA /. library
Hayaaaa 6a6JinoTeKa. A scientific
literature library. IIy6jiK~aHafl 6*h6-
JiHOTeKa. A public library. BpaTBKHHrn b 6ir6JiHOTeKe, To borrowbooks from a library.
BHJIET m.1. ticket. BiuieT b TeaTp, b khho,
na KOHiiepT; na noe3H., aa napo-xo#, na caMOJieT. A ticket for the
theatre, for the cinema, for a con-
cert; for a train, for a ship, for
a plane.
2. card. ITapTiiHHBiri 6mieT. A partymembership card. HpiirJiaCHTeJiB-
hbih SiiJieT. An invitation card.
CryAeHaecKHii 6iiJieT. A stu-
dent's card.
3. 9K3aMeHann6HHBiH 6n.neT. A
EHO 10 EOJI
question-paper (for oral examina-tions) .
BII0rPA<DHH /. biographyPaccKa3aTb 6norpa$HK). To tell one's
biography.
BUTE, 6b|eo, -ems, -iot; imper. 6en imp.1. koto? h e m? no neiny? to
beat. Oh 6hji co6aKy najiKofi nocnnne. He beat the dog on the
back with a stick.
2. ito? ieM? p. pa36iiTB, pa-
3o6b|i6, -emb, -iot to break.Pa36i?Tb CTeKJio KaMHeM. Tobreak a pane with a stone. Pa3-
6htb CTaKan. To break a glass.
3. koto? p. pa36nTL to defeat.
Pa36irn> Bpara. To defeat the
enemy.4. p. npo6HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. npo6b|eT, -iot
to strike. Bbiot nacbi KpeMJies-ckoh 6araHH. The clock of the
Kremlin tower is striking.
BfiTBCH, 6b|iocb, -eniBca, -iotch imp.1. to beat. Cepflue 6wjiocb. The
heart was beating.
2. to struggle. Oh £OJiro ^ujior HaspemenneM 3a#aHii. He wrestled
with the problem for a long time.
BJIArOJJAPlfiTB, -K), -iimh, -at imp.koto? hto? 3a ht67/p. no6jia-
roAaplHTt, -io, -Hfflb, -ht to thankBjiaro^apio sac 3a BHiiMaHHe. (I)thank you for your attention.
EJlArOftAPJ! prep.+dat. thanks to,
owing to
EjiaroflapfT ynopnony Tpy^y ohhBfcipaCTHJin 6oraTBiH ypoJKaii. Thanksto persistent work they've grown arich crop.
BJIEflHEITB, -io, -em&, -iot imp.jp.no6jie^He|TB, -io, -emB, -iot to turnpale
no6jie^HeTB ot CTpaxa. To blanchwith terror.
EJIEJJHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short formGjie^en, Sjie^na, 6jie£Hjo, -bi; adv.
6jieAHO1. pale. BueAHoe Jinn.6. A pale face.
Bji6ahhh ot BOJiHeHHH. Palewith excitement.
2. fig. colourless. BjieAHMH oTBeT.A colourless answer.
EJIEjCTETB, -my, -cthhib, -ctht or -my,6jieinemB ) SjiemyT, 1st & 2nd pers.
rarely used, imp. to shine, to sparkle
GHer 6;iecTHT Ha coJinue. The snowis sparkling in the sun. Tmsa. y nee6jieCTHT ot paflOCTH. Her eyes are
sparkling with joy.
EJIECT#IB[|Ilfif -an, -ee, -He
1. shining. BjiecrainHH npe^weT.A shining object.
2. fig. brilliant. BjiecTflmne ycne-xn. Brilliant success. EjiecTflmHH0TBeT. A splendid answer.
EJIfi3K[HH, -an, -oe, -He, short form6jih30k, 6jTH3Ka, 6jih3K|o, -h; adv.
6jih3ko; comp. SjrajKe
1. near. Bjiii3Kaa jp;epeBHH. A nearvillage. Jlec h peica 6jih3KO. Theriver and the forest are close by.
H ?KHBy 6JIH3KO OT yHHBepCHTe-Ta. / live near the university.
2. fig. close. Ejih3Khh flpyr. Aclose friend.
EJUDflO neut.
1. dish. Oap$6poBoe 6jik>£0. Aporcelain dish.
2. course. IlepBoe 6jii6,n,o. The first
course. OSeff H3 Tpex 6jiior. Athree-course dinner.
BOP [6ox] m., gen. pi. -6b GodBepiiTB b 66ra. To believe in God.
EOrATCTBO neut.
1. wealth. OrpoMHoe 6oraTCTBo.Great wealth.
2. pi. resources. IIpHpoflHHe 6oraT-CTBa. Natural resources.
EOFAT|Blfl, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form6oraT, -a, -o, -bi
1. rich, BoraTLifi ^ejiOBeK. A rich
person.
2. fig. rich. BoraTHH ypoJKan,yjiOB. A rich harvest, catch.
BOS m., prepos. b 6ok> & o 66e; pi.
6oh, 6oes battle
nornSnyTB b 6ok>. To die in bat-
tle. Ha nojie 66a. On the battle-
field.
BOK m., prepos. b (na) 6ony; pi. -a side
JlejftaTb Ha 6oKy. To lie on one's
side. UoBepHyTBca 66kom. To turn
side-ways.
BOJTEE adv. moreBoJiee bbicokhh. Taller. BoJiee hh-TepeCHbiH. More interesting.
<> TeM 66jiee (qTo). The more so;
especially as. Bojiee hjih Menee.More or less.
EOJIE3HB /. disease, illness
BOJI 11 BOH
Ta>Kejiaa 6oae3Hb. A grave
_ disease.
BOJIEH, 6oaba|a, -6, -m s/wrZ ad/, used
as /jredic. ill (c/. EOJIBHOll)H 66aea. / aw ill. Ona 6oabHa y?Ke
aaBHo. She has been ill for a longtime.
BOJIEITB1, -K), -emb, -iot imp. a e m?
to be ill
BojiexL flOJiro. To 6e i/Z /or a longtime. BoJieTB rpannoM. To be ill
with the 'flu. H 6ojieJi aHrHHOH. /
had a sore throat.
EOJI1ETB 2, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. -tit, -ht imp. to hurt, to acheY Mens 6ojiht Hora. My leg hurts
me. y Mens Sojiht roaoBa. / have a
headache. Y aero 6oJiejni 3y6bi.
He had a toothache. Y Hee 6oaitT
ropjro. Bhe has a sore throat.
EOJIBHftUA /. hospital
PopoACKaa 6oabHHna. A city hospi-
tal. JTe/KaTL b 6ojitHHne. To be in
hospital,
EOJIBHO1. adv. badly. MaabaiiK 66jilho
yniH6cfl. The boy hurt himselfbadly.
2. predic. impers. it hurts. MHe66JifeHO. It hurts me.
BOJIbH|0fi, -aa, -6e, -Lie
1. sick, bad, diseased. BoJibnaafleBOHKa. A sick girl. Eojibaoe,
cepAAe. A bad heart.
2. fig, sore. Eojibhoh Bonpoc. Asore problem. 9to ero 6ojibaoeMeCTO. This is his sore spot.
BOJIBH|0S w., gen. -oro; 6ojiLH|aa
/., gen. • -oh, pi. -bie, gen. -ikx sickperson, patientBo^LHofi JieiKRT b 6ojibHiine. Thepatient is in, hospital. Bpaa ocMaT-pHBaeT 6ojiBHoro. The doctor is
examining the patient.
EOJIBIIIE1. comp. of 6ojimhoh bigger. Mock-
Ba 6oJibine Jleaimrpana. Moscowis bigger than Leningrad.
2. comp. of MHOro more. Oh 3aaeTSoJibrae, qeM a (6oJibme Mean).He knows more than I do.
<> Bojibine scero. Most of all.
3. adv. more. EoJibme aeT BonpocoB?No more questions? R 6oJibrae neMory. / can't endure it anylonger.
BOJIBIHHHCTBO neut., no ph ma-jority, mostBoJibniHHCTBO cTyfleHTOB 3annMaeTcacnopTOM. Most students go in forsports,
BOJIbiniOS, -aa, -6e, -ne, comp. 66jib-
me (q. v.)
1. big, large. Boabmon n.0M. A bighouse. BoJibmaa pena. A large
river.
2. great. Bojibmaa panocTb. A great
j°y-BOMBA /. bomb
ATOMnaa 6oM6a. An atomic bomb.BoftopoAHaa 66M6a. A hydrogenbomb. B3opBaTb 6oM6y. To explodea bomb.
BOP|EIJ m.tgen. -na fighter
Bopen 3a cbo 66ny. A fighter for
freedom. Bopn,Li sa'MHp. Championsof peace.
EOPOTBCH, 6opi6cb, 66pembca, 66-
piOTCa imp. 3 a a t 6? 3 a koto?npoTHB ^ero? npoTiiB ko-to? c KeM? c aeM? to fight, to
struggleBopoTbca c BparoM. To fight the
enemy. BopoTbca c 6ojie3HaMH.To fight disease. BopoTbca 3a Map.To fight for peace,
EOPBBA /., no pi. 3 a a to"? 3 a
koto? n p 6 t h b aero? npo-THB koto? c KeM? c a e m?1. fight, struggle. Bopb6a 3a ae3a-
BHCHMOCTb. Struggle for independ-ence. Bopb6a nponiB BparoB.The fight against the enemies.
KjiaccoBaa 6opb6a. Class struggle.
ITojBiTHaecKaa 6opb6a. A politi-
cal struggle.
2. wrestling. KaaccaaecKaa 6opb-6a. Greco-Roman wrestling. Bojil-
Haa 6opb6a. Free style wrestling.
EOTftH|KH pl.t
gen. pi. -ok; sing,
-ok, gen. -Ka bootsKynHTb 6othhkh. To buy boots,
Bothhkh copoK BTOporo pa3Mepa.Size number forty-two boots.
BOlJlTbCH, -web, -nmbca, -area imp.koto? aer6? & -f- inf. to beafraid, to fear
BoaTbca npocTy^u. To fear a chill.
BoaTbca Mopo3a. To be afraid of
the frost. BoaTbca 3a6oaexb. To be
afraid of falling ill. H 6oi6cbthto
EPA 12
ono3Aaio Ha noe3ft. / am afraid I'll
miss the train.
<> Bojikob 6oflTi>cH — b Jiec nexoftHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven-
ture^ nothing have. ,D[ejio MacTepa6ohtch (proverb). Cf. He works best
who knows his trade.
BPAT m., pi. 6paTbH, 6paTtesbrotherCrap mil fi 6paT. The elder (eldest)
brother. MJia#niHH 6paT. The young-er (youngest) brother,
<> Pohhoh: 5pai\ Brother, ,Q(boh>
pOAHbiii 6paT. (First) cousin.
EPATB, 6ep|y, -einb, -yT, past 6paji,
6pajra, 6paji|o, -h imp ^ t o? ko-to?//?. B3HTB, B03BM|y, -emb, -yT,
past B3HJI, B3HJld, B3flJT|0, -II
1. to take. Oh 6epeT khhth co
CTOJia. He is taking the books
off the table.
2. 3 a tito? to take. BpaTb Koro-HH6yAb 3a pyny. To take some-body by the hand.
3. to borrow. BpaTb khhth b 6h6-JiHOTeKe. To borrow books fromthe library.
<> B3HTb ce6n b pyiui. To pull
oneself together. B3flTb cjiobo. Totake the floor.
EPATBCH, 6ep|yct, -embCH, -yxca,past 6paJicn, 6paJi|acb, -ocl, -hcbimp. 3 a koto? 3 a hto?//>.B3HTbCH, B03BM|yCb, -embCfl, -yTCH,
past B3ffJICH, B3HJl|aCb, -OCb, -HCb1. to take bold of. Oh b3hjich 3a
py^Ky MBepn. He took hold ofthe handle of the door.
2. fig. to apply oneself (to). Oh ro-
pa^o B3HJICH 3a pa6oTy. He set
about the work enthusiastically.
EPHrAflA /. teamEpnraAa padonnx. A team of workers.
BPlITBCH, 6pe|iocB, -embca, -iotchimp. Heu?/p. noSpHTBCH, no6pe>iocb, -eratcH, -lOTca to shave— Bh 6peeTect b napiiKMaxepcKoi?— HeT, h 6p6ioc& caM. ilDo youshave at a barber's?" "No, I shave
myself."BPOB|B /., gen. pi. -eii eyebrow
^epnue 6poBH. Black eyebrows.
XMypHTL 6poBH. To knit one's
brows.
EPOflSTB, 6poH<y, 6p6flHmb, 6p6flHTimp. to roam
Mr fldjiro 6po^HJin no jiecy. Weroamed the forest for a long time.
EPOCA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. f
p. 6p6|ciiT&, -my, -cnmb, -cht
1. koto? "i to? Kyfta? to throw.BpociiTb pLi6y b BOAy. To throwa fish into the water, h e M? B
KOTO? bo ito? BpociiTbKaMHeM b okho. To throw astone at a window.
2. -{- inf. to give up. Epocnrb Ky-piiTb. To give up smoking.
<> EpocaTb cJiOBa na seTep. Totalk at random.
BPOCA|TBCH, -iocb, -embca, -iotchimp. k y a a? na Kor6?//>. 6p6|-
chtlch, -mycb, -cnmbCH, -chtch tothrow oneself (on), to attackCo6aKa 6p6cmiacb na nejiOBeKa. Thedog attacked the man. BpocHTbCHb Mope. To throw oneself into the
sea.
BPOCHTB see EPOCATEBPOCHTBCH see BPOCATBCHBPK)KH no sing., gen. pi. 6pion trou-
sers
MyjKCKHe 6piOKH. Men's trousers.
Ey^flTB, 6y?Ky, oyAHHib, 6yAHT imp.
koto? Ip. pa36yA^Tb, pa36y>Ky,
pa36yAnmb, pas6yAHT to wakePa36yAHTb TOBapnma. To wake upa friend.
ByflTO con), as if
Oh paccKa3tiBaeT TaK HHTepecno,6yAT0 caM Bee §to BH^eJi. He hassuch an interesting way of telling
things as though he had actually
seen them himself.
E^flyimEE neut.\ gen. -ero the fu-
ture
J\e?n — Hame 6y/*ymee. Children
are our future. B'6yflymeM. In the
future.
By^yimilK, -an, -ee, -ne future;
nextByflymaa pa6oTa. Future work. B6yflymewc ro#y. Next year.
E^KBA /. letter ...
B pyccKOM aJi$aBHTe 33 SyKEti,
There are 33 letters in the Russianalphabet.
E^JIJKA /., gen. pi -ok roll
CAoGnaa 6vJiKa. A bun.
E^JIOHH|AH [-mn-] /., gen. -ol bakeryKynriTb x^e6a b 6yjio^Hoii. To buysome bread at the baker's.
13 BA5K
BYMArA /.
1. no pi. paper. ^ricxaa 6yaiara.
Clean paper. EyMara rjih nucs-ua. Note-paper.
2. : U(enHBie 6yMarn. Securities.
BYPH /. stormCHjiBnaa 6ypa. A violent storm.
<> Bypfl b cxaKaiie borm. A storm
in a teacup.
ByTEPBPOA m. sandwichByTep6p6ji c msicjiom. Bread andbutter. ByTep6poA c BeT^HHOii. Aham sandwich.
ByTb'IJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok bottle
ByTbiJiKa MOjroKa. A bottle of milk.
ByOET m.1. sideboard. B 6y$ere ctoht ^ain-
KH H CTaKaHH. There are cupsand glasses in the sideboard.
2. buffet. By$ex pa66xaeT c 9 *iacoB.
The buffet is open from 9 o'clock.
BBI (B) modal . particle , rendered in
English by the Conditional Mood andalso by the compound pronouns andadverbs whoever, whatever, however,whenever, etc.
I. 1. Ecjih 6bi a 3naji, a 6u no3BO~hhji Te6e. Had I known, I wouldhave, called you up.
2. JleroM a xoTest 6bi noexaTB bJlenHHrpa^. / should like to goto Leningrad in summer.
3. IlleJi 6bi Tbi cnaTbl You ought
to go to bed!
II. 1. Kto 6bi Mor 3T0 cfleJiaTb? Whoevercould have done that?
EBIBA|TB, -io, -eniB, -k>t imp.1. to go, to visit. H ^acTO 6bib3lio
b TeaTpe. / often go to the
theatre.
2. to be, to occur. 3hm6h SuBaiOT6ojn>raue MOpo3Bi. There are
severe frosts in winter.
E£lCTP|Blil, -an, -oe, -Bie, short form6hctp, 6HCTpa, 6bicTp|o, ~bi; adv.6bictpo quick, swiftBsiCTpaa peKa. A swift river. Bbict-
po exaTB. To go quickly.
BL1TB, 3rd pers. sing, of Present TenseecTB is often omitted; fut. 6yjx\y,
-eraB, -yr, past 6biji, 6&iJia, 6bijio,
Sbioih; ne 6biji (-o, -h), He 6BiJia
imp.
1. there is (are). B MocKBe ecTByHMBepciiTeT. There is a univer-
sity in Moscow. PaaBme 3AecB
6biji Jiec, a TenepB r6po,n;.' Thereused to be a forest here, and nowthere is a town. B MocKBe mhofoTeaTpoB. There are many theatres
in Moscow.2. to have, y MeHa ecTB 6paT. /
have a brother. Y Mena 6bijt
6paT. / had a brother.
3. to be (ecTB is omitted). Ceiiaac3HMa, It is winter now. Baepa6biji cuer. There was snow yester-
day. B^epa 6BUia naTHima, ce~
to^hh cy66oTa, a sasipa 6va©tBOCKpeceHBe. Yesterday was Fri-
day, today is Saturday and to-
morrow will be Sunday.4. to be (ecTB is omitted) Moh 6pax— HHJKenep- My brother is an en-
gineer. Moh OTen; 6biji BpaaoM.My father was a doctor. H 6y#yarpoflOMOM. / shall be an agrono-mist.
B, B
B (BO) prep.
I. + prepos.
1. in. B nticBMeHHOM cToae. Inthe desk. TKiitb b MocKBe. Tolive in Moscow. HpoaHTaTB b ra-
3eTe. To read in a newspaper.
2. in. PoflHTbca B 1949 roj^y. Tobe born in 1949. B asrycTe. InAugust. B nponuioM Bene. Inthe last century.
3. in. ^ejiOBen b aepnoM KOCTiOMe.A man in a black suit.
II. + & c£-
1. in, to, at. IIojiojkhtb b iHKa$.
To put in the wardrobe. IIpnexaTBb MocKBy. To come to Moscow.
2. on, at. B cy66oTy b Tpn naca6yn;eT co6paHHe. There will be a
meeting at three o'clock onSaturday.
3. not translated. ITepeBBmoJiiiHTBnjian b jsps. pa3a. To fulfil aplan twofold.
BAFOH m. (railway) carriage
JKeeTKHH Baron. A hard-seated rail-
way carriage. Mstreet Baron . A soft-
seated railway carriage.
BA/KHjBIXl, -aa, -oe, -Bie, short formEajKeH, BajKHa, Baa<H|o, ~bi; adv.
1. important. Banmoe cooSnxemie.
BAH 14 BEP
An important announcement (com-munication). BaJKHLIH Bonpoc.An important question. 3to HesajKHO. This is of no importance.
2. important, pompous. Oh roBO-
pETJI C Ba>KHHM BHJG(OM. He Wasspeaking with an air of impor-tance.
BAHHA /. bathIIpHHHTb BSHHy . To take a bath.
<> CoJine^Hbie uamiM. Sun-baths.
Bo3AymHbie Baimbi. Air-baths.
BAPEHlblfi, -an, -oe, -Lie boiled
Bapenoe mhco. Boiled meat.
BAPfiTL, Bapio, BapninB, BapHT imp.
H T O? Jp. CBapHTB, CBapfo, CBapitmb,CBap^T to boil, to cookBapHTfe mhco. To boil meat. CBa-
Phtb cyn. To cook soup. BapiiTb
o6eA- To cook dinner.
BAHC, -a, -e, -h pron, yourBot Bama KOMHaTa. Here is yourroom. Kan Eame 3AOpoBte? How areyou?
BBEPX adv. k y a a? up(ward)GMOTpeTt BBepx. To look up. Jle-
TeTB BBepx. To fly upward,B^AJIfi adv. r%e? in the distance
B#ajiu noKa3aJiCH noe3A. A train
appeared in the distance.
BflAAb adv. Ky as? into the dis-
tanceCMOTpeTB BAajib. To look into the
distance.
BflBOEM adv. two (together)
PaSoTaTb baboSm. To work together
(two persons).
BflOJIB prep. + gen. alongExaTL b^ojib 6epera Mopn. To drive
along the sea coast. Baojil AopompacTyT AepeBBff. There are trees
along the road.
BflPyr adv. suddenlyB^pyr nomeji RomRh. Suddenly it
started to rain.
BEflPO neut., pi. se^pa, Be^ep, bca-paM, etc. bucketBe^po BOffH. A bucketful of water.
<> flojKAi* Jii>e> KaK ii3 Be#pa. It
is raining cats and dogs.
BEflB1. conf. for. Oh o6fi3aTeji£>HO npn-
Aer, Bejib oh 3HaeT, hto mli ero
7KRQM.. He will certainly come, for
he knows that we are waiting for
him.
2. particle but. BejiE §to upaBAalBut this is the truth!
BE2KJIHBJBI0, -an, -oe, -He, short
form Be/KJiHB, -a, -o, -bi; adv. Be?K-
jiubo polite
B&kjihbhh MajiBHHK. A polite boy.
BeJKJiHBo npocuTB. To ask politely.
BESJ^E adv. r a e? everywhereBe3Ae Jie?Kaji CHer. There was snoweverywhere.
BE3|Tfl, -y, -enit, -yT, past Be3, Be3-
Jija, -6, -a imp. koto? hto?k y a a?
1. to take, to carry. Maninna Be3eTmojioko B ropoA- The truckis carrying the milk to town.Be3TH peoeHKa b caHaTopan. Totake the child to the sanatorium.
2. impers. ko My? to be lucky. EMyBe3eT. He is lucky. Mne HeBe3Ji6. / had no luck.
BEK m.tpi. -a, -6b century
JI.BaAuaTfciH BeK. The twentieth cen-
tury. B npomJiOM Bene. In the last
century.
BEJI|ETt>, -io, -i\mh, -at imp. & p.(past only p.) k o m y? lew y?
+ inf. to orderMaTB BeneJia euy nom& b Marasim.His mother told him to go to the
shop. Ona Bejiejia, ht66u oh KynimMacna. She told him to buy somebutter.
BEJlflK, -a, -6, -h short adj. (cf.
EOJIBinOll & BEJIHKHH) too
large
Koctkdm BeJiiiK eMV. The suit is too
large for him. Ty$Jiii en BemiKH.The shoes are too large for her.
BEJIMK|llfl, -an, -oe, -He, short formBejiHK, -a, -o, -h great
BeJiHKHn y^entiH. A great scholar.
BEJIOCHnEA m. bicycle
Hobbih BenocnneA- A new bicycle.
ExaTB na BeJiocnneAG. To ride a
bicycle.
BfiPA ./., 710 pi. B KOTO? BO *ITO?belief, faith
Bepa b no6eAy- Belief in victory.
Bepa b HenoBena. Faith in man.BEPEBJKA /., gen. pi. -ok string,
ropeHjiMHHan BepeBKa. A long piece of
string.
BEP|HTI>, -io, -hihb, -ht imp. I p. no-
Bep|HTB, -10, -HfflB, -HT
BEP 15
1 . k o m y? leiny? to believe. HTe6e Bepio. / believe you.
2. b koto? bo h t 6? to havefaith (in). BepuTt b napo/i, b
ero chuh. To have faith in the
people, in their strength,
BEPHl^TB, -y^-emfc, -yx p. koto?ito? k o m y? to return
BepHyTb fleHBrn TOBapnmy. To re-
turn money to one's friend.
BEPH|yTBCH, -yet, -embca, -y-rcfi p.
k y fl a? o t k y r a? to come backBepnyTBca romoh. To come back
home. BepayTBCH H3 noe3flKH. Tocome back from a trip.
BEPH|Blfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short formBepen, Bepna, BepHO, BepHti; adv.
Bepno1. faithful. BepHtiii flpyr. A faith-
ful friend. Bepno cjivjkhtb na-
p6#y. To serve the people faith-
fully.
2. correct, Bepnoe pememie. Thecorrect decision. BepHan mbicjib.
The right idea. BepHO pernors
saftany. To solve a problem cor-
rectly.
BEPOHTHO paren. word probably^
GerdfCHH mh, Bepoarao, hohaSm b
khho. Today we shall probably go
to the cinema.
BEPTOJlET m. helicopter
BepTOJieT HOBOH KOHCTpyKUHH. Ahelicopter of a new design.
BEPXHIHK, -hh, -ee, -ne
1. upper. BepxHEH 3Ta.m. The upperstorey.
2. outdoor. Bepxnee niraTBe. Out-
door clothes. BepxHHH oftetf^a.
Outdoor clothes.
BEPIHfiHA /. topBepmnna AepeBa. The top of a tree.
Bepmnna ropw. The top of a moun-tain.
EEC m. weightBee Tejia. The weight of a body.
BojiBmoH Bee. A great weight.
BECEJI|BI$, -an, -oe, -tie, short formBeceji, Becejia, Beceji|o, -h; adv.
Becejio merry, gayBecejiLie cTy^eBTBi. Gay students.
Becejiaa neCHH. A merry song. MneBeceito. / feel gay.
BECEHHIHH, -hh, -ee, -ne springBeceHHHH Rent. A spring day.
Becennee co-nnne. The spring sun.
^ BeeeHuee nanBTo. A spring coat.
BE|CHTb, -my, -chdib, -cht imp. toweighApoy3 BeCHT bhtb KHJIOrpaMMOB.The water-melon weighs five kilo-
grammes.BECHA pi. BecHti springBECHOH ady. in spring
BecHon na hojihx TaeT cner. Inspring the snow thaws in the fields.
BECTfl, Bealy, -emb, -yT, past bqr,BeJi|a, -6, -ii imp.1. koto? ito? Kyp? to take.
MaTB Be^eT peSeHKa b a6tckhhca/i. The mother is taking herchild to the kindergarten.
2. ito? to conduct. Becrn ypon.7"o conduct a lesson.
<> BecTH xo3«hctbo. To keep ahouse.
3. to lead. Ky#a Be^ex 3Ta Aopo-ra? Where does this road lead to?
<> BecTH ee6a. To behave. Pe6"enoKBe^eT ce6a xoporao. The child
behaves well. On He yweeT bgcthce6a. He can't behave himself.
BECB (gen. Bcero), bch [gen. Been),
Bee {gen. Bcero), Bee (gen. Bcex)pron .
1. all, whole. Pa6oTaTB Beet jienh.
To work the whole day. Pa6oTaT&bck) hohb. To work the wholenight.
2. used as n. see everything. Beeb nopn^Ke. Everything is all
right.
3. used as n. Bee everybody. BeenpHfflJin? Has everybody come?
<> Bcero xoporaei^o! All the best!
Bee speaia raeji flojK/jb. It wasraining all the time,
BET|EP m ., gen. -pa windIToflyJi chjebhhh BeTep. A strong
wind blew.
BET|KA /., gen. pi. -ok1. branch. BeTKa 6epe3Bi. A branch
of a birch-tree.
2. branch-line. }Ketfe3HO#op6?KHaHBeTKa. A railway branch-line.
BEHEP m.tpi. -a
1. evening. Ilpnhth aomoh b ceMbnacoB Be liepa. To come home at
seven o'clock in the evening.
2. evening-party. IIpasAHSiHHHHBe^ep. A festive evening.
BEH 16 BHH
MyasmaJibHtiH Beaep. A musicalevening. JTirrepaTypH&ii Beaep.
A literary evening.
BEHEPHjHfl, -aa, -ee, -lie
1. evening. Beaepaaa sapa. Eve-ning twilight.
2. evening. Be^epaee naaTte. Anevening dress. BeaepHiiii (jba-
KyjibTeT. Evening department.
BE^IEPOM adv. in the eveningH npaay k bsm BeaepOM. / shall
come to see you in the evening. Bae-pa BeaepoM y nac 6hjih rocTH. Wehad guests yesterday evening,
BEIJIA|Tb, -io, -eiub, -iot imp. k o*
ro? a to? KyRa?/p. noBe|cirn>,
-my, -chuib, -cht to hangBemaTB KapTimy iia CTeny. To hanga picture on the wall.
BEH3,ECTBO neut. substanceTBepnpe BeniecTBo. Solid substance.
JKanisoe Bem,ecTBO. Liquid substance.
Fa30o6pa3Hoe BemecTBo. Gaseoussubstance,
BEmiB /., gen. pi -en
1. thing. Hyamaa Beuib, A thing
oneneeds. \\Usu.pL Benin things.
OTBe3TH Benin na B0K3aa. Totake one's things to the station.
2. thing. KoMno3HTop nanncaji xo-
porayio BemB. The composerwrote a good piece.
B3AflMH|I>lS, -aa, -oe, -He mutualBsaiiMnaa jiio66bb. Mutual love.
B3BOJIHOBATB see BOJIHOBATBB3rJIHA m.
1. look. IIpnCTaJIBHLlH B3IVIHR. Astare. H&khbih B3rJiaa.. Anaffectionate look. EpoCHTBB3raaa,, To cast a glance.
2. view. HayHHHe B3rJian,i>i. Scien-
tific views.
B3I\JIHHyTB, B3rjiaHy, BsrJiHHemt,B3rJiaHyT p. h a k o r 6? Ha a t 6?
to glanceOh BsrJiflnyji na aacH. He looked
at the clock.
B3/JOXHYTB see B3flWXATbB3#BIXA|TB, -io, -enn>, -iot imp./
p. B3AoxHjyTB, -y, -erat, -yT to sigh
Fjiy6oK6 B3H,oxhvtb. To heave adeep sigh.
B30flTfl see BCXOflflTbB3P0CJI|bI$, -an, -oe, -tie
1. grown-up. B3p6cJiHH clih. Agrown-up son.
2. n, grown-up. Cayniaiica B3p6c-jihx! Listen to grown-ups!
B3PBIB m.1, explosion. B3pHB 66m6h. A
bomb explosion.
2. fig. outburst. B3psiB CMexa. Anoutburst of laughter,
B3HTB see EPATbB3HTBCH see BPATLCHBHft1 m..
1. look. 3a,op6BHn bha. A healthylook. EoJibHoii bhh,. An unhealthylook.
2. view. KpacuBBiH beth. Ha ropoa,.
A beautiful view of the city.
O IIm6tb b BH^y* To bear in mind.
BHft2 m. sort, kind, species
BfiflEH, BH^Ha, bhaho, bhahh short
adj. visible
TopOA BH^en c Mopa. The towncan be seen from the sea.
BHfl[HO koto? a t 0? predic. im-pers. (it is) visible
OTCioRa aaaeKO bhtjho! You can see
far into the distance from here!
Hnaero ne busho. Nothing is visible.
Mne xopomo bith,ho. I can see
well.
BfllflETB, -my, -numB,^ -rut imp.koto? a to? /p. yBnjaeTB, -a?y,
-AHD3&, -aaT to see
B okho a Biimy crapHH napK. / see
an old park through the window.IIjioxo Bi'iaeTB. To have poor eyesight.
Pan. Bac BaneTB. / am glad to see
you.
<> BiineTb see b po30BOM cseTe.To see through rose-coloured spec-
tacles.
BlJ^HMO paren. word apparentlyBnnnMO, 3to 6biji ee 3HaK0MbiH. It
must have been her acquaintance.
BIlflHjBI®, -aa, -oe, -Lie eminentBanHBin yqeHBiis. An eminentscientist.
BIiJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fork
flanTe, noataayncTa, Bajray. Willyou give me a forlf, please? Ectbbhjikoh. To eat with a fork,
BHHA /. fault
3to Moa BHna. It is my fault. 3xonp0H30niJi6 no Moea Bane. It has
happened through my fault.
BHHO neut., pi. Bana wineKpenKoe bhho. Strong wine. Gaafl.
BHH 17 BHH
' Koe BHH6 . Sweet wine. Cyxoe bhho.Dry wine.
BI1H0BAT|MFI, -an, -oe, -He, short
form BHHOBaT, -a, -o, -fci
1. guilty. H BHHOBaT nepe# bsimh,
/ am guilty towards you. Oh hbBimoBaT. He is not guilty.
2. fig-, only complete form guilty.
BHHOBaTMH B3TJIHA. A guilty
look. BiiHOBaToe BbipajKemie jih-
na. A guilty expression on one's
face.
BHHOfPAJJ m.t
no pi. grapes; vineCJiajiKHH BHHorpa^- Sweet grapes.
BHiCETB, -ray, -chihb, -cat imp. rse?to hangITaJiBTo bhci'it Ha BeinaJike. Thecoat is hanging on a hanger. KapTaBMCTiT Ha cTene. The map is hang-ing on the wall.
BKJIlO^AlTb, -io, -eaiBv
-iot imp.ITO^, BKJIK»H[HTb
t -f, -HHIb, -&T
to switch onBkjuohutb CBeT. To switch on the
light.
BKJIIOHHTB see BKJIIO^ATBBKYC m.
1. taste, y cyna CTpaHHbiii BKyc.The soup tastes queer.
2. fig. taste. OAeBaTbcn co BKycoM.To dress with taste. V HeroxopoiHHH BKyc. He has goodtaste.
BKyCHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short formBKyceii, BKycna, BKycH|o, -h; adv.
BKycuo tasty
BKycHHH 3aBTpaK. A tasty break-
fast. Qua roTOBHT BKycHO. Shecooks tasty meals.
BJIAflE|Ti>, -io, -euib, -iot imp. neM?1. to own. Bjia^eTB 3eMJien. To
own land.
2. fig. to know. BjiaaeTb HHocrpan-bmm H3MK0M. To know a foreignlanguage.
BJIA2KH[blfiL -an, -oe, -Lie, short formBJiaweu, BJia?Kna, BJiaJKnjo, -bi dampBjia>KHbiH KJiHAiaT. A damp climate.
Bjia^naa TpanKa. A damp rag.
BJIACTB /. powerBbiTb (crofiTb) y BJiacTH. To be in
power. BaHTb BJiacTb b cboh pyKH.To take power into one's hands.HpHHTH K BJiacTH. To come to power.
BJIE3A|TB, -io, -euib, -iot imp. naHTO? BO H TO? / p. BJie3|Tb, -y,
-emb, -yT, past BJie3, BJie3Ji|a, -o,
-h to climbMaJib^iiK BJies Ha KpLimy. The boyclimbed onto the roof. Oh BJie3 b okho-He climbed in through the window.
BJIE3TB see BJIE3ATBBJIHHHHE neut. influence
OnasaTb BJiHHHiie na TOBapnraa. Toexert influence on a friend. Bute*noA BjTHffHHOM 6paTa. To be underthe influence of one's brother.
BJTIOBflTbCH see BJIIOBJIHTBCHBJlIOBJItfiTBCH, -iocb, -embcn, -iotch
imp. b koto? bo h t 6? / p. Baio-6l'lTbCH, BJII06jTl0Cb, BJIIOOHHIbCH,bjh66htch to fail in loveOh BjiioSfiJicH b mok> cecrpy. Hefell in love with my sister.
BMECTE adv. togetherPaSoTaTb BMecre. To work together.
BMECTO prep. -\- gen. instead of
B.viecTo ypona ceroAHH 6y/jeT bk-CKypcHH. There will be an excur-sion instead of the lesson today.
BMEIIIATBCH see BMEIflHBATBCHBMEfflHBA|TBCH, -iocb, -enibcn,
-I0TC3 imp. bo hto? / p. Hue-raa|TbCH, -iocb, -enibca, -iotch to
interfere
He BMemriBaHTecb ne b cBoe neno.Don't interfere in what doesn't con-
cern you.
BHAHAJIE adv. at first, at the begin-ningBna^ane Bee cJiymaJin BHHMaiejib-ho. At first everybody listened at-
tentively.
BHE prep. + gen. outsideBue AOMa. Outside the house.
<> BHe 6*iepemi. Out of turn.
BHECTS see BHOCflTBBHfilBHIHH, -hh, -ee, -He
1. outer, outward.2. external, foreign. BneniHHH no-
jiHTHKa. Foreign policy. Biiem-hsh TOproBJiH. Foreign trade.
BHH3 adv. k y tl a? down(ward)CnycTHTbca BHH3. To come (go) down.
61X113^ adv. r«e? belowBHH3y TeKJia pena. Down below
flowed a river.
BHPIMAHIIE neut. attentionBuiiMatiHe! Attention! 06pain,aTb
BHHManne Ha hto-jih6o. To payattention to something. IIpHBJieKaTb
BHHMaHiie. To attract attention. He
BHH 18 B03
o6painaiiTe BHHMaHHH. Don't payattention. EjiaroAapio Bac 3a bhh-Manne. Thank you for your attention.
BHHMATEJILH|Wfl, -an, -oe, -Lie,
short form BHHMaTejien, BHHMaTenb-H|a, -o, -hi; adv. BHHMaTeJiBHO atten-
tive. BaHMaxeJibHtiH ynenHK. Anattentive pupil. BniiMaTejibHo HiiTaTb
KHwry. To read a book attentively
.
BHOCilTB, BHomy, BHOCHinb, bhochtimp. koto? hto? Ky^a?/p. BHec|Tii
f -y, -emb, -yT, past BHec,
BHecjr|a, -6, -ii
BeecTir BemH b KOMHaTy. To carry
the things into the room.
<> BuecTH npeAJiOHteHiie. To table
a motion.
BHYK m. grandsonBH^TPEHHinfl, -HH, -ee, -ne
1. internal. BnyTpeHHiie Soji^shh.
Internal diseases.
2. internal. BHyTpeiraee nojiO/Keniie
b CTpaHe. The internal situation
in a country, BnyTpenSHH noJin-
THKa. Internal policy.
BHyTPfl1. adv. rjie? inside. Bojiht BHyT-
pir. It hurts inside.
2. prep. -|~ gen. inside. BnyTpiiKOMHaTki. Inside the room.
BHYTPB inside, into
1. adv. k y A a?: IIpHHHTL JienapCTBO
BHyTpii . To take a medicine.
2. prep, -f gen.: 3arjiHHyTb Bnyxpb3aJia. To look into the hall.
BH^^IKA gen. pi. -en granddaugh-ter
BOBPEMH adv. in timeIIpHHTH BOBpeMH. To come in time.
BO BPEMH prep. + gen. duringBo BpeMH bohhh. During the war.Bo BpeMH nepepbiBa. During the
interval.
B6BCE (He) adv. at all
Oh BoBce ne ^OKTop, a HroKenep.He is not a doctor at all, he is anengineer.
BO-BTOP&IX paren. word second(ly)
Bo-nepBHX, h ycTaJi, BO-Bxopiix,xony cnaTt. First, Vm tired, sec-
ondly, I'm sleepy.
BOJI^A /., acc. BOfly; pL boru waterXoJiOflHaa Bona. Cold water. Topn-^an Bo^a. Hot water. MnnepajibHanBo^a. Mineral water, QpyKTOBan
BOAa. Fruit drink. CxaKan boah.A glass of water.
<> BwiiTn cyxHM H3 boaw. To come-
off unscathed. KaK jxne Kanjiii bo-AM. As like as two peas. MnoroBOAfii yTeKJio. Much water hasflowed under the bridges.
BOJJlSTB, BO>Ky, BOAnmL, boa^t imp.1. koto? hto? KyAa? to take.
Boamtb AGTen na nporyjiny b
napK. To take the children out for
a walk in the park.
2. hto? to drive. Boautb ManiH-ny. To drive a car.
BO|EBATb, -i6ro, -loemt, -j6k>t imp.c k e m? c ^ e m? to fight
BoeBaTb c BparoM. To fight the
enemy.BO£HH| BlH, -an, -oe, -tie war, military
1. BoeHHoe noJiojKeHiie. The mili-
tary situation. BoeHHan npo-MLimjieHHOCTB. War industry,
BoeHHoe BpeMH. War time.
2. 7i. Mom 6pax — BoeiiHHH. Mybrother is in the army.
B0>K3|B m., gen. -A leader
Bo>kab napona. The leader of the
people.
B03BPATFITB see B03BPAIIi;ATBB03BPATiflTbC.H see B03BPAB],ATB-
CHB03BPAm;A|TB, -io, -emb, -edt imp.
KOTO? H T 0? K o M y?/ p. B03Bpa|-
THTb, -my, -xnmb, -tht to returnB03BpaTHTB ROTiT TOBapHDAy. Toreturn a debt to one's friend.
B03BPAIIi;A|TBCH, -iocb, -embcn,
-iotch imp. KyAa? o t k y A a?/
p. B03Bpa|THTbCH, -ITiyCb, -THHlbCH,
-thtch to come backBo3BpainaTbCH rom6& H3 uoxoas.To return home from a hike.
B03^yX m. air
HhctbiiI bo 3Ayx. Pure air. Gb6h\HHBosAyx. Fresh air.
<> Ha cbcjkcm B03Ayxe. In the open
air.
B03STB, BOHty, B03nmb, bo3Ht imp.
K o r 6? h t o? to carry
MamiiHbT B03HT KHpnuqn. Lorries
carry bricks.
B03JIE1. adv. near. Mamnna ocTanOBH-
Jiacb B03Jie. The motor-car stop-
ped near by.
2. prep.-]- gen. near. Ero AOM Ha-
B03 19 BOP
xoflHTca B03Jie yHiiBepcHTexa.His house is near the University.
BO3M0>KHOCTb /.
1. opportunity. luMexb bo3m6jk-hoctb. To have an opportunity.
flaTb B03MO?KHOCTb KOMy-JIH6oc^e/iaTB hto-jih6o. To gi>e some-body an opportunity to do some-thing.
2. usu. pi. possibilities. Bojibmnebo3m6hchoctii. Great possibilities.
B03MO>KH|blIl, -an, -oe, -tie, short
form B03M6}fceH, B03Mo>KH[a, -o, -bi;
adr, bo3m6/Kho possible, probableBo3MO/KHbm cjiynan. possible
case. 3to snoJiHe b03Mojkho. TVzaZ
is quite possible.
B03HHKA|Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -ct, -iot imp.jp.B03Hl'lKH|yTB, 1st & ?Z02
used, 3rd pers. -ct, -yT, past B03-hiik, -Jia, -jio, -Jin to appear8to rocy#apcTBo bo3hhkjto b TpeTb-eM^ECKe. This state appeared in the
third century.
B03HfiKHyTb see B03HIIKATbB03PA>KA|Tb, -io
}-enib, -iot imp.
K M y? Ha H T 67/p. B03pa!3HTb,-my, -3 hibb, -3ht to reply, to objectBo3pa3r'iTB flOKJiaflHHKy. To reply to
the speaker, Bo3pa3HTL Ha'saMenaHne.To reply to a remark. Ecjih eh hoB03pa?ftaeTe. . . // you don't mind...
B03PA3#Tb see B03PA3KATbB03PACT m. age
J\qth niKOJiBnoro B03pacTa. Children
of school age. B B03pacTe mecTHfle-chth JieT. At the age of sixty.
BO0HA /., pi. bohhli war06'tffBHTb Bonny. To declare war.nortiSHyTb na Bonne. To lose one's
life in the war.BOfima see BXOfl&TbB0K3AJI m. station
JlennHrpaflCKHH BOKsajr. LeningradRailway Station. IToexarb na bok-3a ji. To go to the station.
BOKpyr1. adv. round. Tumima BOKpyr.
There is silence all round.
2. prep. + gen. round. BoKpyrMoMa 6liji ca^. The house wassurrounded by a garden.
BOJIEftEOJI m. volley-ball
HrpaTb B bojighSoji. To play volley-
ball.
BOJIK m., gen. pi. -6b wolf<> BOJIKOB 0OHTbCfl — b Jiec HexoAHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven-
ture, nothing have.
BOJIHA pU BojiHbi waveBOJIHEHHE neut. excitement, ner-
vousnessOh no6jieHHeJi ot BOJiHenna. Heturned pale with excitement.
BOJIH|OBATb, -yio, -yemt, -viot imp.KOTO? ^ TO? / p. B3B0JlH|0BaTb,-yio, -yenib, -yioT to worry3tot Bonpoc Mena 6aenb BOJrayeT.This question worries me very much.
BOJIHlOBATbCH, -yrocb, -yernbca,-yiOTca imp. to worry, to be ner-vous, to be excitedBojiHOBaTbca nepeM 8K3aMenoM. Tofeel nervous before an examination.
BOJIOCbl pi., gen. pi. bojtoc, bojio-
caw, etc.; sing, bojioc bairKpacHBbie BOJiocbi. Beautiful hair.
BOJIH /., no pi. willCiiJibHaa bojjh. A strong will. BonaK no6e#e. The will to win.
BOOBIH.E adv.
1. in general. Boo6n;e 3to npaBsa.In general it is true.
2. at all. Oh Boo6nie ne roBOpHTno-pycCKH. He does not speakRussian at all.
BOOPyJKEHHE neut.
1. wo pi. equipment. Boopy>KeHneapMHH hobhm opyjKiieM. Theequipment of the army with newweapons.
2. usu. pi. armaments. CoKparuenneBOopyjKenHH. A reduction of ar-
maments. ToHKa BOOpyJKeHHM
.
The arms race.
BO-nEPBbIX paren. word first(ly),
in tbe first placeBo-nepBBix, sto Tpy^no... In the
first place, Ws difficult...
BOnPOCm.1. question. IIpocToH Bonpoc. A
simple question. 3ajiaTb Bonpoc.To ask a question.
2. question, problem. BajKHbra Bon-poc. An important question. Ha-nnoHajibHbiH Bonpoc. The national
question.
BOP m., gen. pi. -6b thief
ApecTOBaTb bo pa. To arrest a thief.
BOP 20 Bnp
BOPOTA no sing., gen. pi. BopOT1. gate(s). Bopoxa c&Aa. The gate
of a garden.
2. goal. IIocjiaTL un*i b uopoxanpOTHBHHKa. To send the ball
into the opponent's goal.
BOPOTHflK m.fgen. -a collar
MexoBoa BOpOTHHK. A fur collar.
BOCKJI15K H| YTb see BOGKJIHlJATbBOCKJIHAAITb, -io, -euib, -iot imp./
p. BOCKJiHKH|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT to
exclaim, to cry outPajiocTHO BOCKJiHKHyTt. To cry out
joyfully.
BOCKPECEHbE neut. SundayB BOCKpeceH&e mm esRiimi 3a ropoA.We went to the country on Sunday.
BOCmiTAHHE neut. upbringing,educationBocniiTaeiie pe6eHKa. The upbring-
ing of a child. On noJiy riiiJi xopo-mee BocniiTaHiie. He received a
good education.
BOCllHTATb see BOCnfiTblBATbBOCIIHT blBA|Tb, -io, -euib, -£0T imp./
p. BOcnirralTb, -io, -erab, -iot to
bring up1. koto? to bring 'up. BocmiTaTb
cmHa. To bring up one's son.
2. ^ t o? b kom? to cultivate.
BocmiTaTb b Aerax jiioSobb knpupoAO. To cultivate love for
nature in children.
BOCn0JIB3OBATbCH see IIOJIb30-BATbCH
BOCnOMHHAHHE neut.
1. recollection. BocnoMnnaene AeVCTBa. Recollection of one's child-
hood.
2. usu. pi. reminiscences, memoirs.BocnoMHuaaiiH o coBpe.weHHii-
Kax. Reminiscences of one's con-
temporaries.
£OCCTAHABJIHBA |Tb , -io, -emb, -iot
imp. h t o?/ p. BOCCTa| hobhtb, -hob-jiio, -HOBHmb, -hobht to restore, torebuildBoccTanoBHTb paspymenHMii ropoA.To rebuild a town that had beendestroyed. BoccTaeOBi'rrb xo3Hhctbo.To restore the economy.
BOCCTAHHE neut. uprising, revoltnoAHHTb Boccxaniie. To raise a
revolt.
BOCCTAHOBKTb see BOCCTAHAB-JIHBATb
BOCTOK m. east
1. east. ConHne bocxoaut na bocto-Ke. The sun rises in the east.
2. East. Bjihjkhhh Boctok. NearEast. ^ajiLHi-ifi Boctok. FarEast. CpeAuiiH Boctok. MiddleEast. Bhi 6mjih Ha BocTone?Have you been in the East?
BOCTOPr m.f
delight, enthusiasmOn c BOCToprOM paccKasMBaji o cbo-
eu noe3AKe. He was telling about
his trip enthusiastically
.
BOCTO^Hlbltf, -an, -oe, -we east(ern)
BocTo^iTbiii Bexep. An east wind.BocTO^uoe KanpaBJieHiie. An easterly
direction.
BOCXHTflTbCH see BOCXHHJATbCHBOCXMmA|TbCH
."iocb, -euibca, -iot-
ch imp, k e m? hcm?/ p. bocxii|-
TMTbCH, -mycb, -THBibCH, -tatcr to
admireBecb Miip BOCxnmaeTCfi noABiiroMrepoeB. The whole world admires the
heroes' feat.
BOCXOA m. rising
Bocxoa coJiHna. The sunrise.
BOT particle
1. here is. Bot Knura. Here is the
book.
2. what (a). Bot KpacoxaJ Whatbeauty/ Bot bto xopomol That'sgood/
BIlEPBb'IE adv. for the first timeH BnepBbie b Mockb6. It is the
first time I have been in Moscow.BUEVEJX ad p. KyAa? forward
Math BnepeA. To go forward.
BQEPE.ua1. ado. rue? in front. BiiepeflH
6mjth ropbi. There were mountainsin front.
2. prep. -J~ gen. at the head of, in
front of. BnepeA it kojioiihmnecjiH 3HaMena. At the head of
the column they carried banners.
BIIEHATJIEHITE neut. impressionCnjibHoe Bne^aTjieHiie. A strong
impression. I4rpa apTMcxa npoiiSBe-
jia 6ojibtnoe Bne^aTJieHiie Ha 3pti-
TCJiefi. The actcr's performance madea great impression on the specta-
tors.
BIIPC) LIEM conj. though, nevertheless
KapTtma xopooian, Bnpo^eM bmcaivm ee yBHA^xe. The picture is
good, though you'll see it yourself.
BPA 21 BCT
BPAr m.ygen. -a enemy
BopoTbCH c jjparaMii. To fight the
enemies.
BP|ATb, -y, -eras, -yT, past Bpan,BpaJia, Bpami imp. k o m y? h e m y?fp. coBpiaTt, -y, -ewh, -yT, past
coBpa.;i, coBpaJia, coBpajin colloq. to
lie. Pe6eHOK coBpaJi OTiiy. The child
lied to his father.
BPA 1! m., gen, -a physician, doctorBpaq-TepaneBT. A therapeutist. H\en-miiHa-Bpan. A lady doctor. BhiTt
y Bpa (ia. To be at the doctor s. Mathk Bpa ciy. To go to the doctor. Co-BeTOBaTbCH c Bpa^OM. To consult a
doctor.
BPE^Hlblfi, -an, -oe, -tie, short formBpeAeH, Bpeflna, BpeAH|o, -w; adv.
BpeAHO harmful, badBpeKHhiH HenoBeK. A bad man.Bpe^Han Teopna. A harmful theory.
BpeAHoe pacTetnie. A noxious weed.BaM BpeAHO mhoto itypMTb. It's
bad for you to smoke so much- Mopo3BpeAeH A-na i6>KHbix pacTeHHH. Frostis dangerous for southern plants.
BPEMH neut.}gen,
fdat., prepos. Bpe-
MeHii; pi. BpeMCua, BpeMen, Bpe&fe-
H3M, etc. time1. Cko-hbho BpeMenn? What time
is it? BpeMH iiact. Time flies.
BpeMH nponujo. The time haspassed. BpeMH He mner. Timewaits for no man. BpeMH noKa-JKeT. Time will show.
2. Be^epnee BpeMH. Evening. J{o?ka~Jii'iBoe BpeMH. Rainy period.
CTapwe BpeMeiia. Old times.
Bpeiweaa roA&- Seasons.
Bceaiy CBOe BpeMH. There is atime for everything. Bee BpeMH. Allthe time. OHa Bte BpeMfl CMerfjiacB.
She laughed all the time. Bo BpeMHused as prep. -{-gen. Bo BpeMH boii-
Hbi Mbi jkhjih y 6a6yniKH. Duringthe war we lived at our granny's.
BCE1 pron., see BECB, 2
BCE2 particle still, everA oh Bee' mojihiit h mojiutt. Andhe still keeps silent. H Bee nameBcnoMHHaio tboi'i cjiOBa. / recollect
your words ever oftener. Oh see euieBoJieeT. He is still ill. Thi nee ?Ke
npnxoflH ko mh6. You come to see
me just the same.
BCErjJA adv. alwaysOh BcerAa BeeejiBin. He is always gay
.
BCEM&PHjblFl, -an, -oe, -Lie worldBceMwpuLiii $ecTPiBa;iB. World festi-
val.
BCE PABHO1. all the same. Mire Bee pasno. It's
all the same to me.2. just the same. Xoth oneiiB xo-
jioflHo, h see paBHo noHAy TyAa.Though it is very cold, Til gothere just the same.
BCE-TAKI3 particle just the sameH Bce'-TaKir iioua.v Ha Be liep. Tilgo to the evening-party just the
same.BCKOl E adv. soon
BcKope nanajiCH RowRh. Soon it
began to rain.
BCJ1E# after, following1. adv. On nocMOTpeJi BCJiefl... His
eyes followed. .
.
2. used as prep, -f- dat. or 3a + instr.
Oh nocMOTpeJi bcjtca euy , Hefollowed him with his eyes. Mbinotiijiw bcjtca 3a hum. We fol-
lowed him.BCJIYX ado. aloud
MiiTarb BCJiyx. To read aloud.
BCIlAXATb see IIAXATbBCUOMI1HA |TB, -ro, -euib, -iot imp.
k o r 6? ^ t o? or o h e' m? / p. BcnoM-HjliTB, -10, -Iinife, -HT
1. to recollect. H BcnoMHHa k>
CBoero Apyra. / recollect mpfriend. BcnoMimaTB o AeTCTBe.To recall one's childhood.
2. to remember. H HiiKan ne MoryBcnoMHHTb, / just can't remem-ber,
BCITOMHHTB see BCnOMHHATbBCTAIBATb, -K), -enis, -iot imp. f
p. BCTajTB, -ny, -neuiL, -nyT to getup, to rise
Ka>KAbifi Aeni, h BCTaro b ceMB na-
cob yTpa, ho ceroAHH h BCTaJi bBoceMb nacoB Every day 1 get upat seven o'clock in the morning, but
today I got up at eight o'clock.
Cojnme BCTaer na BocTone. The sun
rises in the east.
<> BcTaTb c JieBOii noni. Toget out of bed on the wrong side.
BCTATb see BCTABATbBCTPETHTb see BCTPE^ATBBCTPfiTHTbCH see BCTPE^IATbCil
BCT 22 Bbl
BCTPEHA /. meetingBcTpe^a Apysen. A meeting of
friends. CepAe^maH BCTpe^a. A cor-
dial meeting.
BCTPE xIA|Tb, -K), -eniL, -iot imp.k o r 6? h t o? j p. BCTpe|THTt, -ny,
-THmb, -tht to meet1. H BCTpexnji ero cjivh^hho. /
met him by chance.
2. BcTpeTHTk xjie6oM-coJii>io. Toextend hospitality to somebody.
<> Bclpe^aTb Hosbm ro^. To see
the New Year in.
BCTPEHA|TBCil, -met, -emtca, -iot-
ch imp. c iceM? c hom?/p. BCTpe|THTLCH, -^yCB, -THHIBCH,
-TKTCH to meetBcTpeniTBCK c KpyshAuii. To meetfriends. Mm BcrpeTHJiHCB Ha yjra-
iie. We met in the street,
fig. BCTpeTHTBCFI CTpyAHOCTHMH. Tomeet with difficulties.
BCTynA[TB, -K), -ernB, -iot imp. boH T 6? J p. BCTVnHTB, BCTyHJIfO, BCTy-numt, BCTyiiHT to join
BcTynHTB b cnopTHBHoe oSniecTBO.To enter a sports society.
BCTyntfTb see BCTyilATLBCXOflllTb, bcxojky, BCXOAHint,
bcxoaht imp. I p. b30h|th, -ay,-Aecab, -AyT, past B30|meji, -nuia,
-mjio, -huiit
1. to ascend. Bcxoaijtb na Bepma-Hy ropw. To climb to the top of
the mountain.2. to rise. CoJiHije ecxoa^t. The
sun rises,
BClDfly adv. everywhereBciOAy 6bijio TeMHo. It was darkeverywhere.
BC#KiHH, -an, -oe, -He pron.
1. any2. all sorts of. B Mara3iine ecTt
BCflKiie npOAyKTH. There are all
sorts of foodstuffs in the shop.
3. used as n. anyoneHa BCflKim cjiyqaiL Just in
case. Be3(o) bchkqx TpyAOB. With-out any difficulty.
B TEHEHHE prep. +gen. duringB TeneHne shmbi. During the win-ter. Pa6oTaTi> b Te^enne roAa. Towork during the year.
BTOPHHK m. TuesdayCo6paHne coctohtch bo btophhk.The meeting will take place on
Tuesday. RamRUH btophhk. EveryTuesday.
B-TPETbHX paren. word third(ly)
Kmira, Bo-nepBtix, oienb HHTepec-Haa, B0-BTOpb'lX, KpaCMBO o$6pM-Jiena, h, B-TpeTbiix, ona Jiemo hh-TaeTCH. First, the book is very in-
teresting, second, it is beautifullydesigned, and. third, it reads well.
BTPOEM adv. three (together)Mbi o6eAaeM BTpoeM. We three dinetogether.
By3 m. Bbicrnee yne6Hoe 3aBeAe-Hiie) higher educational establish-mentB MocKBe okojio 90 By30B. In Mos-cow, there are some 90 higher edu-cational establishments.
BXOJJ m. entranceBxoa b MeTpo. An entrance to the
underground. Bxoa b napn. Anentrance to the park. FJianHRHbxoa. The main entrance.
BXOftliTb, BXo>Ky, exoA^mB, bxoahtimp.Ky js,a? / p. boh|th, -Ay, -Aeoit,
-Ayr, past Bo|nieji, -nuia, -hijio,
-mjnr1. to enter. Bohth b KJiacc. Te-
enier the classroom. Pa3peraHTebohtj't? May I come in?
2. B cocraB AeJierarniH bxoahthhtb xiejiOBeK. The delegation
consists of five members.<> Bohth bo bkvc. To get to like.
Bohth b MOAy. To become fashion-
able. BoiiTH b AOBepne K KOMy--jih5o. To win somebody's confi-
dence.
BHEPA adv. yesterdayB^epa 6btjio xojioaho. It was cold
yesterday.
B^EPAfflH|HH, -ah, -ee, -ne yester-
day'sBnepaniHHH ra3era. Yesterday'spaper.
BTbE35KA|Tb, -io, -erai,, -iot imp.
KyAa?/ p. BtexaTB, btjCaI y> -emb,-yr to drive (into)
B^exaTB b ropoA- To drive into a
town. B-LexaTB Ha ropy. To drive
uphill.
B-bEXATb see BT)E35KATI)Bbl pron., gen., ace, prepos. Bac,
dot. BaM, instr. b^mhIlpomy Bac, A^nTe wne KHHry.Will you kindly give me the book?
BblE 23 BblH
BblEHPAjTb, -enib, -iot imp.
k o r 6? h t o? / p. Bbi6paTb, Bti6eply,
-emb, -yT to choose, to select
Bb'i6paTb cnetinajibHOCTb. To choose
a speciality. Bw6paTb 6jii6ao. Tochoose a disk. Bw6paTb JiynmnxcnopTCMenoB K3 ^HCJia cTyaeHTOB.To select the best sportsmen amongthe students.
BblEOPbl pi., no sing, elections
B[>i6opu b napjiaMGHT. Elections to
the Parliament. Bce66mne, paBH&reh npHMbie Bbi6opBi. Universal, equal
and direct elections.
BbIEPACbIBA|Tb, -jo, -emb, -iot
imp. koto? ^ t o? Kysa?/p. BH6po|ciiTb, -my, -cnmb, -cht to
throw outBwSpocHTb HeHyjKHLie 6yMarn. Tothrow oat the unnecessary papers,
Bb'IEPATb see BBIEHPATBB&EPOCHTb see BblEPACblBATbBb'IBECTH see BblBOflfiTbBIxTBOfl, m. conclusion
C/ieJiaTb npaBHjibHbii bliboa. Todraw the right conclusion.
BBIBOflflTB, BtiBOJKy, BHBoAnmb,bhboaht imp. koto? h t o? /
p. BbiBejCTii, -ay, -Aemb, -ayT, past
BLiBejr, -a, -o, -m
1. to take out. BbiBecTii Jioma^eri
Ha aporyjiKy. To take the horses
for a walk.
2. to remove. BbiBecTH hhtho naKOCTiOMe. To remove a stain
from a suit.
<> Oh Bweeji MeHfl 113 ce6«. Heput me beside myself.
BblrJIHlAETB, -Hty, -AHoib, -flfiT
imp. to lookOna xopomo Bbir-JiflAUT. She looks
well.
BblFHATB see BblTOHJlTbBbirOH#|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? oTKy^a? / p. BLiraaTb,
BwroHlio, -nmb, -at to turn out
H ero BBirnaJi boh . / turned him out.
BBIflAlBATb, -io, -erab, -iot imp.
IT O? KOMy?/jD. BHAaTb, BMJiaM,
BHAamb, Bbija;acT, BH^a^uM, BHfla-
flHTe, BWfla^yT1. to give out. Bbi^aTB khhth. To
give books out.
2. to give away, to betray. EroBbiAaJiH. He was betrayed,
Bb'IflATb see BBIflABATB
BblE32KA|Tb, -10,^ -emb, -iot imp.
I p. BwexaTb, BtieAly, -emb, -yT to
leave, to drive outMamiraa Bbiexajia 113 rapajKd. Thecar drove out of the garage. BbiexaTb113 ropoj^a. To leave town.
BBIEXATB see BBIE33KATBBBI3BATB see BBI3BIBATBBbI3£0PABjmBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot
imp. / p. BM3AopoBelTb, -10, -emb,-iot to recoverMoh 6paT Bbi3AopoBen. My brother
has recovered. Bbi3AopaBJiHBaFiTe!Get well!
BI>"I3flOPOBETB see Bb^ftOPABJIE-BATB
BBI3BIBA|TB, -10, -emb, -iot imp.k r 6? / p. BLi3BaTB, BH30B|y, -emb,-yr to call outBbisBaTB CTyAeHTa k j\q cne . Tocall out a student to the blackboard,
Bb'IHrPATB see BblSrPblBATbBblSrPBIBAlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
hto? y koto?//). BbinrpalTb, -k>,
-emb, -iot
1. y koto? to win. BbinrpaTt yApyra napmio b maxMaTbi. Towin a game of chess from a
friend
,
2. to win. BLinrpaTb ManiHHy. Towin a motor-car.
BblfiTH see BblXOAfiTbBblKJIIOHAjTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
*I T 0? / p. BLIKJIIOHjHTb, -y, -HKIb,
-aT to switch off
BbiKJiBDHHTb CBeT. To switch off the
light.
Bb'IKJIKRHTb see BblKJIIOHATbBb'IJIEWTb see JTEHHThBbIJIHBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
^ito? OTKysa? Kyfta? / p. bh-jiHTb, BLiJifc|K), -emb, -iot; imper.
BbiJien to pour outBbiJiHTb- boAy U3 CTaKana. To pourwater out of a glass, BbiJiHTb mojio-
ko b KacTpiojuo. To pour milk into
a saucepan.BbiJiHTb see BblJIHBATbBb'IMblTb see MblTbBblMblTbCH see MblTbCHBblHHMAjTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
h t 0? t k y a a? / p. BHHlyTb, -y,
-emb, -yT to take outBhhvtb HJiaTOK H3 KapMana. To take
a handkerchief out cf one's pocket.
Bb'IHyTb see BblHHMATb
Bbin 24 BblX
BblDHCATb see BbHItfCblBATbBLinflCbIBA|TB, -to, -emb, -iot imp.
H to? I p. Bbinn|caTt, -my, -ineinb,
-myT1 . ito? ofKyfla? to copy out.
BtiniicaTt miTary 113 KHiim. To
copy out a quotation from a book,
2. to subscribe. BbimicaTb MtypnaJiH
ii ra'derti. To subscribe to maga-
zines and newspapers. BbinucaTb
peuenT 6oJitHOMy. To write a
prescription for a patient.
Bb'IIIHTb see HHTbB blHOJIH £HHE neut. fulfilment
Bf>ino.miemie njiatia. The fulfilment
of a plan.
Bb'inOJIHHTb see BbHIOJIHtfTbBbinOJIH#|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
TITO? / P> BbinOJlH|HTb, ~K>, -Hfflb,
-at to carry out, to fulfil
BbinojiHHTb 6ojibinyio pa6oTy. Tocarry out a great work. BbinoJinriTb
MecHHHbiii njiai-i. To fulfil a monthly
plan.
BbinyCKA|Tb, -io, -erab, -jot imp.
Koro? mo? /p. BbinylcTiiTb, -my,-CTHIUb, -CTflT
1. to let out. BbinycTiiTb irrauy 113
KJTeTKH. To let the bird out of
the cage.
2. to turn out. Bb'mycTHTb cneuHa-
jiiictob. To turn out specialists.
3. to turn out. BbinycKaTb npo-
jryKLimo BticoKoro KaiecTBa. Toturn out high-quality products.
Bb'myCTHTb see BbinYCKATbBBIPA2KEHHE neut. expression
1. MirrepecHoe BLipa?KeHiie. An in-
teresting expression.
2. BwpaJKeHHe Jiima. Expression.
Bb'IPACTH see PACTSBbICOK|IIH, -aa, -oe, -ire, short form
bmcok, BticoK|a, -6, -h; adv. bhco-ko; comp. Bbirae
1. tall. Beicokhh jbdm. A tall house.
BbicoKiin HeiroBeK. A tall man.2. fig. high. Bbicokhh ypoBeiib
JKH3HH. A high living standard.
BbicoKan TeMnepaTypa. A hightemperature. BbicoKoe ^aBJieHHe.
High pressure. BbicoKHH ronoc.A high voice.
BMCOTA f. height^Bojibmaa BbicoTa. A great height.
IIpbiWKH b BbicoTy. High jumping.3Aanne cto MeTpOB b BbicoTy. A
building a hundred metres high.JJepeBO BHCOTOH B fleCHTb MeTpOB
.
A tree ten metres highBb'ICTAB|KA /., gen. pL -ok exhibi-
tionBbicTaBKa ffocTHH<eHHH napoAHoroX03HMCTBa. The Exhibition of Eco-nomic Achievement.
BI>ICTPEJ]|HTb, -io, -Hnib, -ht p. to fire
BwcTpeJiiiTb 113 nncTOJiera. To fire
a pistol.
BbICTyiIA|Tb, -io, -erab, -iot imp./
p. BbiCTy|nHTb, -nuio, -numb, -hat1. to speak. BbicTynnTb na co6paHTui.To speak at a meeting. Bb'iCTy-
nuTb c pe^bK). To make a speech.
2. to appear. Bbic/rynHTb b rjraBFioa
pOJin, To appear in the principal
role
.
Bb'ierynHTb see BbiCTynATbBblCTyriJIEHITE neut
1. speech. BbicTynjieime AeJieraTa.
The delegate' s speech. BbiCTynjie-
Hiie MHHticTpa HHOcrpaHEbix fleji
no TejieBHfleHHio. The foreign mi-nister's appearance on television.
2. performance. BbiCTynjieniie ap-
TifCTOB. The actors' performance.BblCmiHft, -an, -ee, -He
1. higher, superior2. highest, supreme<> Bhicmee o6pa30Banne. Highereducation. Bbicinnu opraa BJiacTii.
The supreme organ of power.
Bb'ITAmHTb see TAlUtfTb, 2
BblTEPETb see BblTHPATbBblTHPA|Tb, -10, -erab,
f
-iot imp.q t 0? / p. BbiTepeTb, BbiTply, -erab,
-yT, past BbiTep, -Jia, -no, -jih to wipeBbiTepeTb pyKH h Jiuno nojioreH-
UeM. To wipe one's hands andface with a towel.
Bbiy^HTb see yqftTb, 1
Bb'IXOfl m. exit
Bwxoa H3 MeTpo. The exit from the
underground station. Bwxoa H3napna. The exit from a park.
BblXOflSTb, BbixojKy, BbixoAumb,Bbixo^HT imp. OTKJ'Aa?//?. BbiH-
th, Bbinsly, -erab, -yT, past bh-raeji, BbiniJi|a, -o, -h to go outBblXO^HTb H3 KOMHaTbl. To go Out
of the room. Bwhth H3 KJiacca. Togo out of the classroom.
<> BbiiiTH H3 TepneHHH. To lose
patience. Bhhth cvxhm H3 boaw.
BblX 25 rjiA
To come off unscathed, Bbiirrii 113
ce6a. To lose one's temper.
BMXOAH|0ft, -aa, -oe, -tie free
Bbixo;iHOH ACHb. A day off, H ce-
toahh BbixoAHOH. / am free today.
r>r
TA3 m, gas
Boaopoa — JierKHH ra3. Hydrogenis a light gas. V nac npoBejiir ra3.
They laid on gas in our house.
FA3ETA /. newspaperHHTaTb ra3eTy. To read a newspa-per. CerOAHEfflHHH ra3era. Today'snewspaper.
TAJTCTyK mv(neck)tie
3aBfl3aTb raJiCTyK. To tie one's tie,
IlKOHepcKHii raxrcTyK. A YoungPioneer's scarf,
TACIlTb, raniy, racimiB, racaT imp.
no? / p. noraciiTb, noramy, nora-cniiib, noraeax to switch off, to
put outFacnxb CB8T. To switch off the
light. IToracaxb nocxep. To put out
a fire.
TACTPOHOM m. provision shopKynHTb npoAVKTbi b racTponoMe.To buy foodstuffs at a provision shop.
rflE1. adv. where. r#e Bbi pa6oTaeTe?
Where do you work? F#e bli H(e-
BeTe? Where do you lire?
2. asconf, where. floM, rAe a SKHBy,
nocTpoea b 3tom roAy. The housein which I live was built this year.
rgE-HXIBy#b adv. somewhereR 6yAy TAe-Hn6yAb 3Aecb. / shall
be somewhere here.
Tflfi-TO ado. somewhereMbi e BaMH rae-TO BCTpeaajincb.We have met somewhere,
rEHHAJIBHjblS, -aa, -oe, -bie of
geniusnieacnap — reaaajrba&ia anrjiiiH-
ckkh ApaMaTypr. Shakespeare is agreat English dramatist, FeanaJibHoenpoii3BeseHne. A work of genius.
rEOrPAO>$HECK|HfiU -an, -oe, -negeographic(al)
feorpa^iTqecKHH aTJiac. A geograph-ical atlas. BejiHKHe reorpatjnrae-
CKHe OTKpbiTna. The great geograph-ical discoveries'. yaaxbca Ha reo-
rpa<J)riaecKOM {fmKyjnyrexe. To studyin the geography department.
TEOrPAODHH /., no pi. geography®H3aaecKaa reorpatfaa. Physicalgeography. SKOHOMj'iaecKaa reorpa-<J)HH. Economic geography.
TEOJIOr m. geologistBbiTb reojioroju. To be a geologist.
rEJ'OH^ECKlHM, -an, -oe, -lie heroicrepoaaecKMH TpyA. Heroic labour.
FeponaecKaa 6opb6a. Heroic struggle.
rEPOM m.1. hero. Tepon bohhh. A war hero.
2. hero. rjiajmuH report poMana.The hero of the novel.
3. hero. Tepoii TpyAa. Heroes oflabour.
TflBHiyTB, -y, -enib, -yT, past rn6,
-jia, -jio, -Jin imp. ot aero?/p. norn6H|yTfe, -y
t-eaib, -yT
Bo BpeMfl Bxopon MHpOBOTl BOHHblnorw6jiii MHJiJJHOHbi aioaen. Mil-lions of people died in the SecondWorld War. flepeBbfl r«6nyT oxMopoBa. Trees perish with cold.
THMHACTHKA no pi. gymnasticsYTpeHHfia niMHacTHKa. Morningp. t. exercises. CnopTiiBnaa niMna-CTHKa. Sports gymnastics, flejiaxb
rx^MH acTHKy . To do p. t. exercises.
3aHWMaTbca niMHacxiiKOH. To prac-tise gymnastics.
FJIABA 1/., pi. rjiaBbi head
TjiaBa Aeaeraaan. The head of the
delegation. Fjrasa npaBWTeabcxBa.The head of the government.
<> CTOHTb bo rnase Mero-jiH&'o.
To be at the head of something.
TJIABA 2/., pi. rjiaBbi chapter
IlepBaa TJiaBa. The first chapter.
FJIABHjblH, -aa, -oe, -hie principal,
chief, mainrjiaBHbiH BDnpoc. The principal
question. FjiaBUbiH peAaaxop. Edi-tor-in-Chief. rjiaBHbia Bpa 1!. Headphysician.
rJIAi^HTb, ~>ay, -Aiioib, -Aax imp./
p. norjia|AHTb, -n<y, -Aanib, -Aax1. a t o? a e m? to iron, to press.
TaaAHXb py6ami<y yTioroM. Toiron a shirt.
2. koto? a to? no a e m y? to
stroke. FaaAaxb peSeaaa no ro-
jiOBe! To stroke the child's head.
rJlAflKlHfl, -aa, -oe, -ne smooth
fjta 26 roji
FjiaflKan noBepxnooTB. A smoothsurface.
TJIA3 m., prepos. o rJiase & b rjia3y;
pi. rjra3a, rno.3 eyeBojiLniiie rjia3a. Big eyes.
<> 3to cjiy^HJiocb na naixinx rjia-
3ax. It happened before our eyes.
IlycTHTi* nwjifo b rjia3a. To cut a
dash. FoBopiiTi* npaBfly n rjia3a.
To speak the truth to one's face.
ToBopiiTb c rjiaay na rjia3. Totalk confidentially. MjjTii Kyna rjia-
3a rjiflAHT. To follow one's nose.
CAGJiaTb 5ojibmHe rjia3a. To makebig eyes.
TJiyEHHA /.^depthHa rjiySnne CTa MerpOB. At a depthof one hundred metres. UlaxTa rjiy-
6hhoii b TpiiCTa MeTpoB. A pitthree hundred metres deep.
<> B rjiyo'ime ca^a. In the heart
of the garden.
rJiyBOK HIi, -an, -oe, -ne, short formrjiySoK, rjiy6oK|a, -6, -h; adv. rjiy-
6ok6; comp. rny6me1. deep. FjiySoEsaa pena. A deep
river.
2. fig. profound, rjiySoKHH yw.Profound intellect. FjiySoKOe nyB-ctbo. Deep feeling.
rJI"^n|blfi, -an, -oe, -He, short formrjiyn, rjryua, rjiyn|o, -li; adv. rjiy-
no stupid, foolish
rjiynhh ^ejioBeK. A stupid man.TJiynan mhcjib. A foolish idea. Ohnocrynuji rjiyno. He acted foolishly.
rJiyX|OS, -an, -6e, -He, short formrjiyx, rjiyxa, rJiyx|o, -n; adv. rjiyxo1. deaf. TJiyxoa neJiOBeK. A deaf
person.
2. /ig. out-of-the-way. FjiyxonKpaii. An out-of-the-way region.
rJIfl|flETL, -jKy, -fliimb, -flHT imp.H.a k o r 6? Ha hto? bo hto?/pi norjin|AeTB, -x<y, -ahuib, -a^tto lookIIorjiHflH na nerol Look at him!TjiH^eTB b okho. To look out of the
window.riiET m., no pi. yoke, oppression
HaxoA-HTtCH nojj; raeTOM 3aBoeBaTe-Jien. To 6e under the yoke of the
conquerers.TOBOPjfiTb, -16, -mhb, -ht *mp.
hto? o k 6 m? o h e m? k o m y?C K e M?
1. p. CKa3aTB, GKajKy, CKa>Kerub,CKaJKyT k o m y? to speak, to tell,
to say. K CKa3aji omy npaBAy. /
told the truth to my father. HroBopnji oTny 06 stom. / told
Father about it. FoBopaTe rpoM-^e. Speak louder. GnajKHTe ee-CKOJiBKO cjiob o Mock Be. Say a
few words about Moscow.2. p. noroBopiiTb or has no p. as-
pect c k e m? to speak, to talk
(1) H roBOpio c flpyroM o er6
cecTpe. / am speaking withmy friend about his sister.
H noroBopHJi c otuom na3 rry TeMy. / had a talk withFather on that subject.
(2) H roBopio no-pyccKii. I speakRussian. Oh ne roBopHT no-aurJiiiucKii. He doesn't speakEnglish.
TOR m., prepos. b rofly & o ro#e;
pi. toru & rojia
1. year. YqeSnBin roA. Schoolyear, academic year. H poftHJica
b 1941 rosy. I was born in 1941.
2. gen. pi. jiot year. CnoJibKO BaMJI6T? How old are you? Mhb 20jieT. / am 20 years old. Mm 23
rofla. / am 23 years old. FLpo-
mJio 4 ro^a (5 Jiei). 4 (5) years
passed
.
<>* C Hobmm roMOMj A Happy NewYear!
rOJIOBA. /., acc. roJioBy; pi. tojiobbi,
tojiob, roJioBaM, etc. heady MeHa 6ojiht roJiOBa. / have aheadache.
<> CfieTJiafl rojiosa. A bright head.
IlycTafi rojiosa. An empty head.
HoBeciiTb rojiosy. To hang one's
head. IIoTepfiTb roJioBy. To^ lose
one's head. Mne npunuia b roaoByMbiCJib. An idea occurred to me.Miie npanuto b rojiosy. It occurred
to me.rOJIOJi; m., no pi. hunger
rionyBCTBOBaTb rojiofl- To feel hun-
gry. YMepeTb c roJiOAy- To die of
hunger.
TOJIO^HlLlfl, -an, -oe^ -He, short
form roJiOAen, roJioAHa, roJiOAH|o,
1. hungry. Fojioahhh nejiOBeK. Ahungry person. H rOJiOffen. / amhungry.
rojr 27 rop
2. only complete form starving.
roJiOAHafl CMepTL. Starvation.
TOJIOC m., pi. -a
1. voice. HK3KHH tojioc. ^4 Zowyoice. Bhcokhh roJioc. -<4
^oice. Jin mnTBCH roJioca, To lose
one's voice.
2. vote. Tojioc H36npaTejm. Thevote of an elector.
rOJIOqOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiOT
imp, 3 a k o r 6? 3 a i t 6? n p 6-
t n b koto? npoxHB Her 6?/
p. nporojiocjoBaTt, -yio, -yemt, -yioT
to voteFojiocoBaTB aa KanAHAaTa b ffeny-Taxbi. To vote for a candidate.
ToJiocoBaTB npOTHB pe30Jii6nHH. Tovote against a resolution.
rOJiyE|Ofi, -an, -de, -He light-blue
FoJiySde nedo. A light-blue sky.
FoJiydne rjia3a. Blue eyes.
rOJiy.E|I> m
.
,gen. pi. -eii dove, pigeon
JleTHT roJiydn. The doves are fly-ing.
rOJI|BlH, -an, -oef-we naked, bare
FdJiaa cnima. A naked hack. Fdjibie
AepeBbH. Bare trees.
TOPA /., acc. ropy; pi. ropn, rop,ropaM, etc. mountain, hill
Bbicdnaa ropa. A high mountain.}KnTb b ropax. To live in the moun-tains. Ha ropax JieJKHT caer. Thereis snow on the mountains. TypucTLiB3omjiii na ropy. The tourists
climbed the mountain.
<> He 3a ropanui. Close at hand,not far away.
rOPA3#0 adv. much, far
Fopa3Ao Jiy^me. Far better. Topa3-
AO 6ticTpee. Much faster. ropa.3AoyMHee. Much cleverer, Fopa3AO MeHb-rae. Much smaller / less
TOPIflHTBCH, -Hwcb, -RmmhCR, -hat-ch imp. k e m? Hew? to be proudFopAHTBca ycnexaMH. To be proudof one's success. ropiiHTbca pdAH-noii. To be proud of one's coun-
JrV-
FOPflfBTH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short formropA, ropAa, rdpAO, ropah; adv.rdpAO proudFopAWU HeJiOBeK. A proud person.FopAan ^eByniKa. A proud girl.
TopAHH bha. A proud air.
FOPE neut., no pi. misfortuney Hero doJibmde rope. A great mis-
fortune befell him,FOP|ETb, -io, -umb, -ht imp.
1. p. Crop|eTb, -TO, -HUJb, -H.T to
burn. FopuT CBeaa. A candle
burns. TopaT AP^Ba. Firewoodburns. TopnT aom - The house is
on fire.
2. no p. to burn. B KOMHaTe ropuTCBer. There is a light in the room.
3. fig. to shine, to sparkle. Tjiasa
y nerd ropaT ot paAOCTtf. Hiseyes are shining with joy.
rOPJIO neut. throaty Mena 6ojiht ropJio. / have a sore
throat.
rOPH|BlS, -an, -oe, -He
1. mountain. FdpHBie BepmiiHH.Mountain tops.
2. mining. Fdpnaa npOMLimjieH-hoctb. The mining industry.
FdpHbin HHCTHTyx. A mininginstitute.
T0P03 m., pi. -a city, townKpyunwH npoMHUEJieHHHH rdpoA-A large industrial city. B rdpoAeMHoro caAOB. There are many gar-
dens in the city.
<> noexaxt 3a ropoA. To go to the
country.
rOPO#CK|Oft, -aa, -oe, -tie city, townFopOACKOH TpancnopT. City trans-
port. FopOACKon caA- A city park.
rOPBK|HH, -aa, -oe, -ne, short formropeK, rqpbKa, ropbKjo, -n; adv.
rdpbKO
1. bitter. TopbKoe jiei-capCTBo. Abitter medicine.
2. fig. bitter. TopbRaa npaBAa.The bitter truth. TopbHue cJie3bi.
Bitter tears. TopbKO nJianaTb.
To weep bitterly.
FOP/lHIMfi, -aa, -ee, -ne, short formropaa, -a, -6, -k; adv. ropand1. hot. Fopaann cyn. Hot soup.
2. fig. ardent. ropaaaa JiiodoBb.
Ardent love. ropaaHii npHBeT.
Warm greetings. Fopaad cnd-
pHTb. To have a heated argu-
ment.
3. fig. hot. Fopa^nii xapteep. Ahot temper.
4. fig.: Fopaaee BpeMa. A busy
time.
roc 28 tpa
rOCnO^MTI m., pi. rocnoAa, rocndA,rocnoAaM, etc. gentleman; used in
addressing people Mr. FocnoAiiHydTCon! Mr. Watson!
rOCTEnPHflMHIHfi, -an, -oe, -wehospitablerocTenpHHMHMM X03HHH. A hospi-
table host. rocTenpHHMHaa dpana-A hospitable country.
rOCTfiHH£(A /. hotel
Mm ocTaHOBHJiHOb b rocTirniiiie.
We put up at an hotel. Ho Ban ro-
CTrH-nina. A new hotel.
rOCTJb m.t
gen. pi. -eii guest,visitor
JKeJiaHHHH rocTb. A welcome guest.
MnocTpaHHHe toctil Foreign visitors.
Hath b rocTii. To go on a
visit. BbiTb b rocTax. To be on avisit.
rOCyflAPCTREHHIMfi, -an, -oe, -hostate
rocyAapcTBeHHLin eTpoiL A state
system. FccyAapcTBeueKie rpairan>i.
State frontiers. FocyAa pCTBennaHncJiHTHKa. A state policy. Moc-kobckbh rocyAapCTBenHUH yniiBep-
ciit6t. Moscow State Univer-
sity.
rOCyflAPCTBO neut. state; countryB 3tom rocyAapcTBe >khbgt 15 miiji-
jihohob qejiOBen. The population
of this country is IS million.
rOTO|BHTb, -bjiio, -Biirab, -bht imp.koto? mo?1. p. npnroTolBHTL, -bjiio, -Burnt,
-bht to prepare. FotobutbypoK. To do a lesson. Fotobhtbo6eA- To cook dinner.
2. p. noArOTo|BHTb, -bjiio, -Biimb,
-bht to prepare. Fotobiitb cne-nuaJiHCTOB. To train specialists.
Fotobhtb ynenuKOB k OKsaMeny.To prepare pupils for an exami-nation.
rOTO|BMTbCH, -bjiiocl, -bihhlch,
-bhtch imp. k ieMy? & + inf. /
p. npiirOTO|BHTbCH, -BJIIOCb, -Burnt-
ch, -bhtch to prepare, to get readyCTyAeriT roTo bhtch k anaaMeny.The student is preparing for anexamination. CnopTCMen npuroTO-bhjich npwrHyTb b boAy. Thesportsman got ready to jump into
the water.
rOTOBILlFl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short formtotob, -a, -o, -hi k xi e m y? h aHTO? & + i Rf'
1. ready. yqemiK totob k 9K3aMe-Hy. The pupil is ready for hisexamination.
2. ready. Oh BcerAa totob noMOHbTOBapniny. He is always ready to
help a friend. Fotobmh na noA~biit. Ready to perform a feat.
3. ready. 06eA totob. Dinner is
ready.
<> ToxoBoe naaTbe. A ready-madedress.
rPA#yC mt1. degree. TepMOMeTp noKa3LicaeT
nflTb rpaAycoB mime iiyjin (bh-uie nyjifl). The thermometershows five degrees below zero(above zero).
2. degree, yroji b 45 rpaAycoB.An angle of 45 degrees.
rPAJKflAHHH m., pi. rpajKAane,rpa>KAaH1. citizen. Fpa>KAauun CoBeTCKoro
Coi03a. A citizen of the SovietUnion.
2. used in addressing people Sir.
FpaHCAaHirn, arcajKHTe, nomaJiyn-CTa, TAe naxoAHTca Tearp? Sir,
will you kindly tell me where the
theatre is?
rPAKflAHCKlHH, -an, -oe, -ne civil,
civic
FpajKAancKHH rojit. One's civic* duty.
<0> TpajKAaHCKafl Bofina. A civil
war.
TPAMM m. grammeCombcot rpaMMOB caxapa. Sevenhundred grammes of sugar.
rPAMMATHKA f%grammar
TpaMMaTHKa pyccKoro H3biKa. ARussian grammar.
rPAMOTHIMfi, -an, -oe, -He, short
form rpaMOTee, rpaivroTH|a, -o, -w;
adv. rpaMOTiio literate
FpaMOTHHH nejioBeK. A literate
person. niicaTb rpaMOTHO. To write
literately.
rPAHMI^A /. frontier; boundaryFocyAapcTBeHHan TpaHiirra. A state
frontier.
<> >Kbtb 3a rpanmieH. To live
abroad. yexaTb 3a rpaHHiiy
rPE 29
To go abroad. IIpnexaTb H3-3a rpa-
imubi. To come from abroad.
rPE|METb, -mjik), -Mumt, -mot imp. to
thunderrpeMHT rpoM. It thunders.
rPE|Tb, -io, -enib, -k>t imp. a t o? /
p. corpelTb, -so, -emb, -iot
1. to give out warmth. OcenbiocoJiHue cbctiit, ho meljio rpeeT.
In autumn the sun is bright but
not very warm.2. to be warm, riajiivro xopomo
rpeeT. The overcoat is very
warm
.
3. to warm. FpeTb pyiai nafl or-
He*M. To warm one's hands over
the fire.
4. p. narpelTb, -10, -euib, -iot to
warm. HarpeTb BoAy AO 40 rpa-
#ycoB. To warm the water to
40 degrees.
TPHB m., gen. ~a mushroomHa6paib mboto rpn6oB. To gather
a tot of mushrooms. BejibiH rpn6<An edible boletus.
rPHlIIl m. influenzaBojierb rprinnoM. To be ill with
the 'flu. y nero Ta>Kejiaa $6pMarpunna. He has a bad attack of
the 'flu. OcjioHHemia nocrre rptra-
na.^ Complications after the 'flu,
rP03A /., pi. rpoabi thunderstormHa^aJiacb rpo3a. A thunderstormbroke out. JleroM aacTO Gubeuotrpo3H. Thunderstorms often occur
in summer.FPOM m.
1. thunder. 3arpeMeJi rpoM. It
started thundering.
2. fig. storm. PpOM anjiofliiCMeH-
tob. A storm of applause.
TPOMAflHIMfi, -an, -oe, -we, short
form rpOMa/iea, rpoMa/nrla, -o, -bi
huge, enormousrpOMa^HWH hom. A huge house. Fpo-MaAHbiH ycnex. An enormous suc-
cess.
rPOMK|MII, -aa, -oe. -Ere, short formrpoMOK, rpoMKa, rpGMKlo, -a; adv.
rpoMKo; comp. rpdrviae loudrpOMKHH 3ByK. A loud sound.
rpOMKHH rdjioc. A loud voice. FpoM-khh CMex. A loud laughter. Pa3ro-BapriBaTb rpOMKO. To speak loudly.
FPyB|blK, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short formrpy6, rpy6a, rpy6|o, -li; adv. rpy6o
1. coarse. Tpy6aH mepcTb. Coarsewool.
2. rude. FpySbni aejioueK. A rudeperson. Fpy6oe OTBonieane. Arude attitude. Tpy6o oTBeTHTb.To reply rudely. Oh oaeab rpy6c TOBapniaaMU. He is very rudeto his friends.
3. gross. Fpy6aa onii56Ka. A gross
mistake.
rpy#B /., prepos. na rpyaa chest;
breast
<> KopmiTb pe6enKa rpynbio. Tonurse (suckle) a child.
rpy30BKK m., gen. -a lorry
K floMy nonbexaJi rpyaoBHK. A lor-
ry drove up to the house.
rpyniiA /. groupB Hainei TypneTCKon rpynne cc-Mb
HeJioceK. There are seven people in
our tourist group. Tpynna Aesy-meK. A group of girls.
rPyjCTfiTL, -niy, -CTt'iaib, -ctht imp.o k 6 m? o a e m? no k o m y?no a e m y? to miss, to be sadTpycTHTb o TOBapume. To miss a
friend. TpycTHTb o ceMbe. To missone's family.
rP^CTHIblfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short formrpycTen, rpycTHa, rpycTH|o, -h;adv. rpycTHO sadTpycTHbiH aeirobeK. A melancholyman. FpycTHoe miup. A sad face.
TpycTHaa necaa. A sad song. MhorpycTHO. / feel sad.
rpymA /.
1, pear. KynaTb HecKOJibKO rpym.To buy some pears.
2. pear-tree. B aameM canj pacryTrpynra. There are pear-trees inour orchard.
rPH3H|BlR, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short formrpasea, rpH3aa, rpa3a|o, -bi; adv.rpa3no1. muddy. rpa3naa yjiima. A mud-
dy street.
2. lit. & fig, dirty. rpH3naa py-6amKa. A dirty shirt. Tpasnaapa6oTa. Dirty work. TpasHLiHnorrynoK. A dirty deed. Oh aa-
nacaa rpasao. He wrote care-
lessly.
TPH3B /., prepos. b rpa3n & o rpa-3ii, no pi.
ryB 30
1. mud. Ha yjraije rpH3b. It's
muddy in the street.
2. dirt. rpa3b na EopoTHiiKe. Dirt
on a collar.
rVBA /., pi. ry6bi, ry6, ry6aM, etc.
lip
KpacHTb ry6bi. To make up one's
lips.
ryJlH|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. }p. no-
ryji;j|TL, -io, -emb, -iot to walkFyJiHTb c peSeHKOM. To go for a
walk with a child. TyjTHTb u jiecy.
To walk in the forest.
ryCT|0tf, -an, -de, -Lie, short formrycT, rycra, rycvrjo, -h; adv. rycxo;comp. ryme1. thick, dense. TycTBie bojtocbi.
Thick hair. FyCTdii Jiec. A thick
forest. flepeBbfi pacryT rycxo.The trees grow thick.
2. thick. TyCTOii mca. Thick hon-
ey. FycTaa c-MeTana. Thick sour
cream.
3. dense. Fvctoh TyMan. A dense
fog. TycTOH piM. Thicksmoke.
ryCjb m., gen. pi. -en goose>Kapenr>iH rycb. A roast goose.
3Aecb MHoro ryceu. There are manygeese here.
A, a
J\A particle
1. yes. 3to tw? — fla, 3to h. "Is
that you?"11
Yes, it's me."2. translated by the Imperative.
fla 3ApaBCTnyeT Miip Ha 3eMjie!
Long live peace on. Earth/
flAIBATB, -io, -ernb, -iot imp. koto?hto? kom y? Heuy7 / p. #aTb,
Aan, ^arab, flacT, fla^HM, j^aj^HTe,
AaAyr, past j^aji, -a, -o, -h to give
JX&Tb KHiiry TOBapHniy. To give, abook to a friend.
O R&Th corjiacne na <it6-jihoo..
To .give one's consent to something.
JJaxb bo3m6/Ktiocti> komjWhSocj^ejiaTb ^to-jih5o. To enable some-body to do something.
3ABJIEHHE neut.
1. pressure. ATMOc$epnoe AasJie-
. Hue. Atmospheric pressure. YHero BbicoKoe jjaBJieHHe kpobh.He Aas a Atg/i 6/oo^ pressure.
2. pressure. OnasaTb AaBJieniieHa ^eJiOBeKa. To exert pressureon a person.
AABHO adv.
1. long ago. 9to 6hjio ffasHo. It
was a long time ago.
2. for a long time. H asbho ue bh-
AeJi CBOero apyra. / haven't seenmy friend for a long time.
flA>KE particle evenOh name He 3axoTe# o6eAaTb. Hewould not even have dinner.
flAJIEE adv. further
II TaK A&Jiee (n t. a.). ^4rcc£ so on(etc)- „
jQ[AJIEK|HH, -an, -oe, -He, short formAaJien, AaJieK|a, -6, -e; ac?v. AaJieKo;comp. ^aJibme distant
J^aJieKaa crpana. A distant country.
ExaTb flaJieKO. T7
*? go /ar. BbiTbflaJiOKO or flOMa. 2^0 6e far fromhome.
flAJIbHpaK, -Kfl, -ee, -lie
1. distant, remote, flajibira'e paii-
ohli. Remote regions.
2. long, flajibiiee nyremecTBHe. ^4
/orcg journey,
3. distant. flaJiEHne po/rcTBenHiiKH.Distant relatives.
HAJTBmE flflfy. further, onLIriTaHTe, noHtajiyiicTa, AajiBine.
Will you read on, please? IToha£mAaJibme. Let's go on.
.HAPHTB^ Aapio, ji&pmnb, R&ptn: imp.
KOTO? H T 0? KOMy? leM)'?/p. noaapHTB, noAapio, noAapiinib,
noAapaT to give (a present)
iloAapi'iTb TOBapiiniy KHMry. Togive a friend a book (as a present).
flATA /. date3HaMenaTejibHaH A&xa. A memorabledate.
RATh see flABATb,0[BEP|B gen. pi. -en door
CTeKJiHHHan ABepb, A glass door.
OTKpMTB ABepb. To open the door.
SaKpbixb ABepb. To close the door.
Bohth b ABepb. To come (go)
through a doorway.
flBSrAITBCH, -iocb, -erabca, -iotch
or ABn>KerabCH, ABHJKyTCH imp.}
p. ABUH|yTbCH, -yet, -erabcn, -yTCH
to moveIT6e3A ABB>KeTCH CO CKOPOCTBIO 50KHJiOMeTpoB b Hac. The train is
moving at a speed of 50 kilometres
flBH 31
an hour. J^BHraTbcH Bnepe#, Tomove ahead. He flBiirairrecbJ Don'tmove!
ftBHJKEHHE neut.
1. movement. ^BHJKeraie njraneTBOKpyr Cojmna. The movementof planets round the Sun.
2. traffic. ^BiDKemie TpancnopTa.Traffic. PacmicaHHe ^bhjkghhhnoe3AOB. A railway time-table.
3. movement. HaunonaJibHo-ocBo-SoAHTCJibHoe ABHH^eniie. The na-
tional liberation movement. Pa6d-<iee ABHHieHiie. The working-class
movement. flBiOKeHHe ctopohhh-kob MHpa. The peace movement.
flBriHyTbCH see flBfiPATBCH,HBOE num. two
JXnoe uymmm. Two men. J[Boe cy-
tok. Two days.
ftBOP m., gen. -a
1. courtyard. Mamima B^exaJia boABop. The motor-car drove into
the yard.
2. outside. Ha RBope xojiojpo. It
is cold outside.
3BOP[£U; rn.:gen. -na palace
KopoJieBCKiiii ^Bopec;. King'spalace.
<> fleopea KyjibTypbi. A palace ofculture. ^Bopen, cnopTa. A sports
palace.
ftEBOHlKA /., gen. pi. -eK (little)
girl
MajieHbKaH fteB0"5Ka. A small girl.
AEByffljKA /., gen. pi. -eK girl
KpacMBan AeByniKa. A beautifulgirl.
^EflymiKA m., gen. pi. -eK grand-father
Moh ji,eAyinKa jkhbSt b AepeBHe.My grandfather lives in the country.
flE5K#i'H|MII, -an, -oe, -He1. duty. $eH<ypeHH Bpan. Duty
doctor. fleJKvpuaH anTena. Dutychemist's. flejKypnun Mara3iin.
A duty shop.
2. n. a person on duty. Kto ce-
toahh AemypHbiii? Who is onduty today? JJeJKypHHH no 06-
d^jkhthk). The man on duty at
the hostel.
#£flCTBHE neut.
1. action. fle&cTBiie khcjioth naTKanb. The action of an acid onmaterial.
AEJl
2. action. 3th ashctbhh nrjHBeJiH
K TOM)'', 'rro... These actions led
to...
3. action. fleiicTBiie nponcxoAHT b
ropofle H. b XIX Bene. Theaction takes place in the town ofN . in the 19th century.
4. act. B nbece 4 ashctbhh. Thereare 4 acts in the play.
JpflCTBfiTEJIBHO1. adv. really. Oh #eiicTBttTeji&Ho
3TO 3Haer. He really knows that.
2. paren. word indeed. J}a, £eii-
cTBHTeJibHo, 6to iiyjKiio. Yes,that's necessary indeed.
flEKCTBJiTEJlbHOCTb /., no pi.
reality
06l>eKTnBHaH AeHCTBtlTeJIbHOCTb.Objective reality. ^encTBHreJibHOCTbHamnx #neii. The reality of ourtime.
<> B flefiCTBiiTeJibHOCTH. In reality.
$EfiCTB|OBATB, -yjo, -yenib, -yior
imp.1. to act. Teneps naAO fieiicTBO-
BaTb. Now we must act.
2. to affect. 3to na Meim ne Reii-
CTByeT. It doesn't affect me.
JXEK&B\\h m., gen. -A DecemberB A©Ka6pe Ha^nnaeTCH 3iiMa. Win-ter begins in December. CeroAHHxpexbe AGKa6pff. Today is the third
of December. Oh npneAex BOCbMoroAeKa6p;i. Be will arrive on the
eighth of December.flEKAH m. dean
flenae (Jnuionorw^ecKoro $aKyjib-
TeTa yHHBepcHTexa. The Dean ofthe Philological Department of the
University
.
flERJIAPAUM /. declaration
fleKJiapamiH ctopohhhkob Mnpa.A declaration of the peace-support-ers.
3EJIA|TB, -io, -emb, -iox imp. hxo?/p. CAeJia|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot
1. to do. "^to Bbi Ae^iaeTe ceroAHHBenepoM? What are you doingthis evening? MHe ne^iero Ae-
Jiaxb. I've nothing to do. R hh-
^ero He pernio. I am doing
nothing.
2. KOTO? 1T0? KeM? KaKHM?to make. JXena.i'b AeTajin. To makeparts. 3to cRemno ero cnacx-
JinBbiM. That made him happy.
ffE.II
3. to do. Maiurina AeJiaeT 80 kmb qac. The motor-car does 80 kman hour.
<> flejiaTb jioKJiaA- To make a re-
port. ffejiaTb ou!u6kh. To makemistakes, ffeiiaTb H3 aiyxn CJiona.
Cf- To make a mountain out of a
molehill.
ffEJIETAT m. delegate
fleJieraT KOH$epeuAiin. A delegate
to a conference.
flEJIErAUHH /. delegationnpaBiiTejibCTBeHHan ^JierauiiH. Agovernment delegation. CnopTHBnanAeJieraujifi. A sports delegation.
ffEJIllTb, jjbjiio, jiemiwb, a6jiht imp.koto? ito? / />, pasjjtejiHTb,
-AGJiio, -jxenuuik, -flejiHT to dividePa3^oji»Ti> CTpaHHity ira ABe iiacTii.
To divide a page into two parts.
Pa3AeJir'iTb 10 iia 2. To divide 10by 2.
J5JLJ1Q neut.t pi. Rena, kcji, Ae-JiaM,
etc. businessy Me Ha k BaM AeJio. I've got busi-
ness to discuss with you.
<> Ba>KHoe a6jio. An importantbusiness. Kan ne.7a? How are yougetting along? On nomeji nojiaM. He went out on business. 3toHe name n&xo. It's not your busi-
ness. B mcm aejio? What's the mat-ter? CfleJiaTb qjo-HuSyAb MejKayH&jiom. To do something at oddmoments.
flEMOKPATfiHECKlHS, -an, -oe, -HedemocraticffeMOKpaTtHecKHH CTpoii. A. demo-cratic system. fleMOKpaTifaecKaHpecny6JiiiKa. A democratic repub-lic.
ffEMOKPATHH /. democracynojiaaa AGMOKpaTim. Complete de-
mocracy.
HEMOHCTPAmiH /.
1. demonstration, fleMoiicrpauimcocto^tch Ha HJiomaAii. The dem-onstration will take place in
the square.
2. showing, presentation. ffeMOH-CTpaiuiH HOBoro (j)MJibMa. Theshowing of a new film.
ffEHb m;
,gen. Ann day
B naqajie ruh. In the morning. Bcope^WHe riw. At midday. Bo bto-
32 flEP
pon noJiOBtkre j\jm. In the after-noon. B Teqenne jx\m. During theday
%Mepe3 2 rux. In 2 days. 2 pa
na3aA. 2 days ago. Ha cjieAyionitinAOHb. Next day.
<> Bbixomioii Aerib. A day off.fleiib HesaBHcriMOCTii. IndependenceDay. JQ^eiib pon^eaun. Birthday.Oh npiieaex na nunx. He will comeone of these days. XonHTb Kyua--jih6o »iepe3 aenb. To go somewhere
_every other day.
ffEHbPH pl.t
7io sing., gen. jxeuermoneyIToJiyqaTb AeiTbrn. To receive mon-ey.
ffEIiyTAT m. deputyffenyTaT napjiaMeHTa. A member ofparliament. IlaJia-Ta AenyraTOB. TheChamber of Deputies.
flEPEBHH gen. pi, fle-peaenb
1. village. ffepeBHH crorijia na 6e-pery pcKii. The village was onthe bank of the river.
2. country(side). /KiiTb b /jepeBHe.To live in the country.
flEPEBO neut., pi. jjepeBha, AepeBbeB1. tree. BbicoKoe AepeBO. A tall
tree.
2. only sing. wood. Hbihk ii3 j\q-
peaa. A wooden box.
ffEPEBflHHIBIM, -an, oe, -howoodenflopoBf'rHHLiH aom. A wooden house.
ffEf^KATB, Aep?K.v, Aep>KHnib, Aep-HtaT imp. k o r d? hto? to holdflepmarb nopT(f>eJiL. To hold a bag.
ffep^KaTb peoefiKa na pyKax. Tohold a child in one's arms, ffep-m&Th peSeiiKa 3a pyKy. To holda child by the hand.
O flepHcaTb ceOH n pyKax. Tocontrol oneself.
p. cAepH<aTb, CAepjKy, caepnuinib,CAep>KaT. Cjiep/KaTb cjiobo. To keepone's word.
JJEP/KATbCH, Aep>Kycb, nepwumbCH,Aep>KaTca imp. 3 a q t 6?
1. to hold on. ffep/KaTBCH sa py-Ky. To clutch at somebody'shand. ffepwaTbCfl 3a nepaJia. Tohold on to the handrail.
2. to behave. ffepn^aTbCH xpa6po.To behave in a courageous man-tier.
33
flETAJIB /. part
fleiaJib MamiiHH. A part of a ma-
_ ^chine.
ftfiTIl pl., gen. flCTea, dat. fteTHM,
instr. fleTbMir, prepos. o agthx;si^. peSenoK children
Kniint fljia AeTeii. Books for chil-
dren, y Hero ABoe nenm. He has
two children. Otu,li ii fleTH. Fathers
and sons.
#ETCK|HfI, -an, -oe, -ire child's,
children's
J^eTCKoe Jiiinp. A child's face.
• ^eTCKHH Tearp. A children's the-
&tr&.
#eY>CKn" caA- A kindergarten.
3ETCTB0\zeJ^-» n0 Pl-childhood
B ffeTCTBe oh >KHJI B flepemre. Helived in the courJ rV in his child'
hood.
JpmEB|bIfl, -an, -oe, -He, »*l0rt fortn
AemeB, AemeBa, A&neB|o, -li; P® v -
AemeBo; comp. AetneBJie cheapflenieBLie Benin. Cheap things. Ky-miTh obohiii AemeBo. To bay vege-
tables cheap.
flEHTEJIBHOCTB /. activity
06iE[ecTBeHHafl j3,eHTeji£>H0CTb . So-
cial activity.
ftHAMETP m. diameter
fliiaMeip Kpyra. The diameter of
a circle.
3,11bAH m. divanGn^eTb na AHBane. To sit on a di-
van. Mhtkiih RnBan. A soft divan.
Jle^b na RHBan\ To lie down on a
divan
.
flflK[Iia, -an, -oe, -ne
1. wild. flnKiie >KHBOTiiHe. Wildanimals. ,D[fiKiie pacTeniiH. Wildplants.
2. fig. wild. flHKHH KpHK. A wild
cry.
flHKTATYPA /. dictatorship
ftHIIJIOM m. diplomaIToJiy^HTb ahhjiom nHHienepa. Toreceive an engineer's diploma.
JIOMATfiHE CKjllfi , -an, oe, -ne
diplomaticycTanoBPiTb AnnjioMaTiineCKHe otho-
ineHHH. To establish diplomatic re-
lations. flHnjiOMaTn^ecKiie OTHome-hhh M&TRjxy CTpanaMn. Diplo??iatic
relations between countries.
flHPEKTOP m., pl. -a director
flnpeKTOp 3aB0Aa. The director of
a plant, flupeKTop iiikoJIli. Thedirector of a school, head-master.
JPIPIDKEP m. conductor (of an or-
chestra)
SHCqHIlJIfiHA /., no pl. discipline
Co6JiK)ftaTb flHcijiraJiMHy. To observe
discipline, ^iicrinnjiuna Ha ypoKe.The discipline at the lesson.
flJIHHA /., no pl. lengthMepa ajiiihh. A measure of length.
Il3MepiITb flJIHHy KOMIiaTLI. Tomeasure the length of a room. Yjih-
na ajuih6io b 3 KHJiOMeTpa. A street
3 kilometres long. IIpbOKKii b ajih-
uy. Long jumping.HJlflHHlWfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form
Ajihiigh, flJiHHHa, aj™h6, Rmhmhi1. long, fljnmnoe naJifcTQ, A long
overcoat.
2. long. JJjihhhlih nyTb. A longway.
3. only short form'1
fljinneir, AJiimn|a,-6, -h too long. IlaJibTo ajihiiho.
The overcoat is' too long.
flJIH prep. -{-gin.
1. for. y^eSHHKH RJlfl CTyAeHTOB.Textbooks for students. KyntiTbnrpyniKU a^h jioreK. To buytoys for children.
2. to. flJM nerd sxo TflJKeJiMH y^ap,It's a heavy blow to him.
ftHEBHlffi m., gen. -a diary
BecTH ftiieBUMK. To keep a diary.
J^HEBHlOil, -aff, -oe, -Lie
1. daytime. flneBntie 3aHHTHH. Day-time lessons.
2. day. ^HeBHoii cBeT. Daylight.
$HEM adv. in the daytime
ftneM HiapKO. It's hot in the day-
time,
AHO neut.tno pl. bottom
flno peKH. The bottom of a river,
MopCKoe aho. Sea bottom. Hatm ko
Any. To sink to the bottom.
RO prep. + gen.
1. to. Ot Mockbh ao KiieBa. FromMoscow to Kiev. floexaTb jip
neiiTpa. To go to the centre. floft-
tit ao ABepn. To reach the door.
2. till. Ot 2 ao 5. From 2 till 5.
G yTpa AO Be^iepa. From morn-
ing till evening.
3. to. Bop&oa AO no6eAH. A fight
to the victorious end. Jlornvrarh
KHHry AO KOHAa. To read the
book to the end.
34
<> 5Kh3bb #o booiim. Life before
the war.
JJOEABHTB see /JOEABJIilTBflOBABJrU|TI>, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
hto? ne ro?/ p. ,n;o6a|BiiTi>, -bjiio,
-BHIEEb, -BHT1. to add. ^oSaBHTL cojih b cyn.
To add salt to the soup.
2. to add. J^o6aBHTi> HecKOJibKocjiob. To add a few words.
HOEHBAITBCH, -iocb, -embCH, -iotch,
imp. ^ero?/ p. aoShtbch, Ao6b]£5cb,
-embCH, -iotch to strive
flo6iiBaTbCH ycnexa. To strive forsuccess.
HQBfiTLCH see ^OEHBATBCHflOBP|BIfl, -an, -oe, -He, s/ior£ form
Ao6p, ^o6pa,! flo6po, fl66pH kindfl66pwn neJioBeK. /ci^c? person.
<> ,fl[66"pbm ^enb! £oo<3 afternoon!
floo'poe yTpo! Good morning! JIk>ahAoopoii bojih. People of good will.
EyftbTe n66pbi. Be so kind. Cjie-
jiaTb hto-jih5o no Aoftpoil BOJie.
To do something out of good will.
ROB BIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.hto?//?. ^o6biTb, Aody^ly, -crab,
-yT to extract
]Xo6hiBdLTh yroJib. To mine coal.
JJOBBlTB see flOBBIBATE^OBEPHE neut., no pi. confidence, trust
OnpaB/jaTB AOBepne. To justifysomebody's confidence. 3acJiy>KHTbAOBepne. To prove to be worthy ofone's trust.
30BEPHTB see ftOBEPtfTBftOBEPtfjTB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. hto?
K M y? / p. AOBep|HTb, -k>, -urab, -at1. no p. to trust. flosepHTb Apy-
ry. To trust a friend.
2. to entrust. JJoBepHTb ApyryTanny. To take a friend into
one's confidence.
flOBECTfl see flOBO^fiTB^OBOflflTB, AOBOJKy, AOBOAnnib, ao-
bo^at imp. k r 6? hto? aoHero? /p. ^oBecTir, A°BeAly> -emb,-yr, past AOBeji, #0BeJi[a, -6, -h to
lead to (as far as), up to
floBecTii Kor6-HH6yAb ao Kanoro-Hii6y£b MecTa. To lead somebodyas far as some place. ^OBecTUMajibHHKa ao CTanmiH. To take theboy to the station.
#QBecTH Reno ao Koima. To
complete an undertaking. floeecTHKor6-JiH6o ao cjie*3. To make one cry.
flOBOJIBHO1. adv. rather, y^e aob6jit>ho ho3a-
ho. It's rather late already.
2. predic. impers. (it is) enough.y>Ke eo3aho: AOBoJibno BaM 3a-
BHMaTBCH. It's already late:
you've studied long enough.-HOBdJIBHlBlfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form JXOBOJIQB, AOBOJIbH|a, -o, ~bl
k e m? h eM? contented, pleased^OBOJibHbiii BHA- A contented look.
H AOBOJien TBoeS pa6oTOH. / ampleased with your work.
flOrAHATBCH see flOrA JX BIBATBCHJSflTA BIBA ITBCH . -iocb, -embca,
-iotch imp. h e m?/p. AoraAa|Tb-ch, -iocb, -embca, -iotch to guessOh AoraAaJica, o hqu ohi'i tobo-pHJIH, XOTH OHH TOBOpHJIII THX0.He guessed what they were talkingabout, though they were talking inlow voices.
AOrilATB see flOrOHtfTBflOFOBAPHBA ITBCH , -iocb, -euibcn,
-iotch imp. o h e m? c k e m? /
p. AOrOBOp|HTbCH, -K)Cb, -HIHbCH,
-htch to agree, to fix
floroBopHTbca o BCTpene c TOBapn-meM. To fix a meeting with a
friend. OrpaHLi AoroBopriJincb oKyJibTypuoM oSiviene na cJiQpym-niuH roA. The countries agreed aboutthe next year's cultural exchange.
AOrOBOP m. treaty, agreement^oroBop Apy?«6e h B3aHMH0H no-mouih. A treaty of friendship andmutual aid. MirpHbiH AoroBop. Apeace treaty. ToproBbiH AoroBop.A trade agreement. BaKJiiOHHTbMiipHLin A°rOBop. To conclude apeace treaty. IToAnncaTb Aorosopo Mupe. To sign a peace treaty.
flOrOBOPHTBCH see flOrOBAPH-BATBCH
^OrOHillTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. ko-to'? hto? / p. AornaTb, Aoromo,Aoronnnib, AoronHT, past AornaJi,
-rnajia, -ruaJi|o, -h to overtakeJJoroHHTb y6eraioii^ero HeJiOBena.
To overtake a fugitive.|j fig. Oh
AOJiro 6oJieJi, ho oh AoromiT cboio
rpynny. He was ill for a long timebut he will catch up with the group.
35
,n;OE35KA|TI>, -io, -emb, -iot imp. j\o
Hero? / p. AoexaTL, ^oe^ly, -emb,
-yr to reach
floexaTb ao Mockbh. To reach Mos-cow. H Aoexaji ot Mockbli ho Jle-
HEHrpaAa 3a 8 ^acos. It took me8 hours to get to Leningrad fromMoscow. 06btiho oh Aoe3jKaJi aorjeHTpa Ha aBT66yce, a hotom raeji
nemKOM. He usually went to the
centre by bus, and then walked.
ftOEXATB see RO&lRAThAOHxflJIflBlbIM, -an, -oe, -bie rainy
^o^JiHBan noro^a. Rainy weath-
er. ^OKA^Btii Reuh. A rainy
day, JSpmRMiBOQ JieTO. A rainy
summer.
ROr
jiRJ\\h m.tgen. -h rain
Ha^t Romph. It rains. IIpojihbhoh
rojKjxi*. Pouring rain. J\omjxh Jibex
KaK E3 Be^pa. It is raining cats anddogs. MeJiKHH oc6hhhh ao^a11 - Anautumn drizzle. IIoa ao^A^m. In the
rain.
ftOflTfi see ROXORftTh30KA3ATEJ1ECTB0 ne'ut. proof, evi-
denceCy7P>fl Tpe6oBaJi AOKa3are3ibcTB. Thejudge demanded proof (s).
H0KA3ATf> see ,Ij;0KA3bIBATbflOKA3BIBA|TE, -io, -enib, -k>t imp.
<j t o? k o m y? / p. A0Ka3aTi>, AOKa-
my tAOKteerab, AOKajKyT to prove
A Kan bh AOKajKexe, hto bbi npa-
bbi? And how are you going to prove
that you are right? ^OKasarb bto
TpyAHO. It's: difficult to prove that.
flOKJlAft m. report
Hay^iHUH AOKJiaA- A scientific re-
port. MHTepeCHbiH AOKJiaA. An in-
teresting report. CA^JiaTb AOKJiaA.
To make a report. ToTOBHTb AO-
KJiaA. To prepare a report. Toto-
BHTbCH k AOKJiaAy. To prepare for
a report:
ftOKTOP m., pi. -a
1. doctor. Oiihthlih AOKTOp. Anexperienced doctor. HaAO nosBaxtAOKTOpa. A doctor must be
called. IIomth k AOKTopy. To go
to a doctor. EbiTb y AOKTOPa -
To be at the doctor's.
2. doctor. floKTop nayn. A doctor
. (of science).
ftOKYMEHT m.1. usu. pi. document. IIoJiyHHTb
AOKyMeHTH. To get the docu-ments.
2. document. 9to onenb Ba>KHHHAOKyMeHT. It is a very impor-tant document. HcTOpifeecKHH AO-KyMeHT. An historical .document.
flOJir m.1. no pi. duty. 9to moh AOJir. IV
s
my duty. BbinoJiHHTb 'CBOH AOJir.
To do one's duty.
2. pi. rojitA debt. B3htb RenhvnB AOJir. To .borrow money. Ot-AaTb AOJir. To pay one's debt.
VLueTh AOJinr. To be in debt.
V nero MHoro aojttob. He has alot of debts,
<> H o"liji b AOJiry nepeA hhm, /
was indebted to him.
JifiJIVO adv. for a long timeRojifo >KASTb. To wait for a longtime.
AOJDKEH, AOJinaiJa, -6 -h1. must. Mbi AOJiJKHti mhoto pa66-
TaTb. We must work a lot-. EoJib-
nan AOJi>KHa JiejKaTb b noc/reJiH.
The sick woman has to keep to
her bed. H aojtjkch hohth b Ma-ra3iiH. / must go shopping. Mbi3aBTpa aojukhh 6yAeM BCTpe-
THTbCH. We shall have to meettomorrow. Oh AOJiH<eii 6uih 3Aecbb 2 naca. He is: to^ be here at
2 o'clock.
2. to owe. Tli MHe aojokch 10 py6-jieii. You owe me 10 roubles,
JJOM m., pi. -a houseIIocTpoiiTb aom. To build a house.
<> J\om KyjitTypbi. A house of cul-
ture. #om OTAbixa. A rest-home.
HfiMA adv. r a 6? at homePa66Taxb AOMa. To work at home.H 6yAy AOMa b 6 HacoB Beqepa.
VXl be home at 6 o'clock in the eve-
ning.
AOMAmHlHfl, -hh, -ee, -ne
1. home. floMamiiHH pa66Ta. Home-work. floMamnee 3aAanne. Ahome-task. floMamHHH Tejie$6n.
A private telephone.
2. domestic. floMamHne whbothhg.Domestic animals.
30M0S adv. KyAa? homeMath aomoh. To walk home. ExaxbAomoh. To go home. Ilocjie paSoTbi
H o6hhho HA3'r AOMOH. After work I
usually go home.
flOP 36
ftOPOFA /.
1. road. KlHpOKaH Aopora. A wide
road.
2. way. IIoKa3aTB Aopory. To show
the way.
3. journey. B Ropore 6i>ijio BeceJio.
It was a merry journey. YcTaTbc ^oporn. To be tired after one's
journey.
<> >KeJie3oan flopora. A railway.
Math CBoefi Aoporoii. To go one's
way. IIo AOpore. On the way. IIo
Aopore flOMOH oh Kynaji ra3eTy. Onthe way home he bought a newspa-
per.
30POr|Ofi, -atf, -de, -ne, short formAopor, flopora, Adporjo, -h; adv.
Aoporo; comp. flopojKe
1. expensive, dear, floporoa: ko-
ctiom. An expensive suit. flopo-ran Me6ejib. Expensive furniture.
2. dear, flopordn flpyr. Dear friend.
3. cherished, dear, floponie Bocno-
MHHanHH, Cherished recollections.
flO CBHflAHHH see CBH^AHHEflOCKA /., acc. AOCKy; pi. aockh, ao-
cok, ,n;ocKaM, etc.
1. board, fly66Ban AOCKa. An oakboard.
2. blackboard. IlHcaTb Ha ^ocKe. Towrite on the blackboard. OrepeTbc ROCKii. To clean the blackboard.
<>- Kjiaccnan AOCKa. Blackboard.
IIIaxMaTHafl AocKa. Chessboard.
flocKa no^eTa. Roll of honour.
HOGTA|BATf>, -16, -eniB, -k>t imp.it 0? / p. ROCTajTB, -Hy, -nemb, -hvt1. a ^ero? to reach. flocTaBaTb
AO HOTOJiKa. To reach the
ceiling.
2. to get, to take. flocTaBaTb khh-ry c noJiKH. To get a book fromthe shelf. flocTaBaTb HJiaTbe H3mKa$a. To take a dress out ofthe wardrobe.
3'. to get. flocTaBaTt 6HJier&i b kh-ho. To get tickets for the cinema.
SOCTlTOHHO1. adv. enough. Pa66raTB Aocra-
tohho ^oJiro. To work longenough.
2. predic. impers. (it is) enough,that will do. Mne HHiaTb AaJib-me? — Her, ^ocTaTO^Ho. "Shall Igo on reading?'* "No, that'll do. }*
flOCTATb see flOCTABA/TB
Apy
flOCTHrAlTb, -K), -em&, -k>t imp.Hero? / p. ftOCTiirHlyTB, -y, -emb,-yT & aoctkhb, ^ocTnrHjy, -emb,-vt, past aoctht, -Jia, -jio, -jih
1. to reach. Ajibiihhhcth aocthfjihBepniMHH ropbi. The mountainclimbers reached the top of the
mountain.2. to achieve. flocrnraTb 6ojibffiHX
ycnexoB. To achieve great success.
flocTH^ib npeKpacHHx pe3yjiBTa-tob. To achieve splendid results.
flOCTflrHYTb see flOCTBXATLflOCTMHEHIIE neat, achievement
flocTHjKeHHH MirpoBon HayKir. Theachievements of world science.
AOXOflflTL , AOXOJKy, aoxoahhtb, AO-xoaht imp. a koto? A ne-rd?//?. aoh|tii, -Ay, -£emi>, -pyTfpast Aomeji, ^omjili, -6, -h to reach,
to go as far as
,D[ohth ao yHHBepcHTCTa, To reach
the University. Or yHHBepcirreTa jio
oSir^ejKtTTHH k Aomeji nemKOM. /
walked all the way from the Uni-versity to the hostel.
flO^b /., gen., dat.}prepos. .nckepn,
acc. aohb, instr. ftdnepBK); pi. ro-nepa, Ao^epeH, AonepHM, Aoiepen,AO^epBMH (Ao^epHMH), AO^epaxdaughterMJia/imafi ROHb. The youngest daugh-ter. GpeftHHH ^o^b. The middledaughter. CTapmaH ROHh. The eld-
est daughter.
flPEBHlHK, -n.fi, -ee, -ne ancient
flpeBHBie napOAti. Ancient peoples.
flpeBHHH ^CTopHH. Ancient history.
flpeBHne naMHTHHKH apXHTeKTypti.Ancient monuments of architecture.
APCttKlATb, -y, -Hint, -aT imp.1. to quiver. JIkctbh ApoHfaT na
^epeBe. The leaves are quiveringon the tree.
2. to tremble, to shiver. flpowaTbot xoJiOAa. To shiver with cold.
flpoJKaTb ot cTpaxa. To tremble
with fear.
fl-pyr m., pi. Apy3bff, Apy3eH friend
GTapHH Apyr - An old friend, flo-
poroH Apyr. A dear friend. Jlio-
6hmbib[ Apyr. A very dear friend.
BepHbie Apy3kfi- Faithful friends.
Cxapbia j^pyr Jiyirae hobmx^eyx (proverb). An old friend is
37
better than two new ones. JlpyzhHno3iiaK>TCfl ii 6e#e (proverb). Cf.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
#pyr|Ofl, -an, -oe, -ne
1. different. Tli cTaji ApyniM.You've become different.
2. otber. Ybh^hmch b Rpyron pa3.
We'll meet some other time.
3. used as n. otber. Oahit nonrjin
b khho, tfpyrne
—
b TeaTp. Somewent to the cinema, others to the
theatre.
<C> Ha ApyroS #eHb. The next day.
flPy^KBA /., no pi. frieiidsbip
BojiBman ApyjK6a. A great friend-
ship. flpy?K6a Hapd^oB (or: wSjKflyHapo^aMH). Friendship between
peoples..
ftPyiKIITfc, Apy>Ky, flpyjKunib, flpy-m&.T imp. c k e m? c ieM? to befriends
flpytfUJTB c TOBapninaMii no hhcth-TVTy. To be friends with one's
fellow-students.
ftPy^KHlblil, -an, -oe, -Me; adv.
appkho1. friendly, united, flpynmaa ceMbn.A united family. HChtb Apyxmo.To live in friendship.
2. concerted. flpytfCHaa pa66Ta.Team work. Pa6oTaTB apyjKHO.To work as a team.
fl^MAJTB, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ito?o kom? o h e m? <Sc -{- inf. jp, no#y-Ma|TB, -io, -enib, -iot to think
hcm tbi jjyMaemL? JF/taZ are t/ou
thinking about? Hto tli AyMaemb 069TOM? What do you think of that?
flyMaio, hto oh roBopnT npaB^y./ think he is speaking the truth,
H syMaio 3aHHTLca cnopTOM. / amthinking of taking up sport.
3;yPAK m., gen. -a fool
,Q[y[Tb, -io, -emt, -iot imp.
1. to blow. G MopH ayer BeTep.
A wind is blowing from the sea.
2. impers.: 3,n;eCB AyeT - There is a
draught here.
flyHI m. sbowerIIpHHflTb jxym. To take a shower,
flyiHA /., acc. pymy; pi. flymn soul
<> Xoporao na Ayme. At ease.
flejiaTb c Aymofi. To put one's
heart into something. HoroBopHTb noAymaM. To have a heart-to-heart
talk. noo'jiaroAapHTb ot jxymu. Tothank from the bottom of one's
heart. Ayma 66mecTBa. The life
of the party.
,E[yiIlH|blfl T -an, -oe, -Bie; adv. flynmo1. sultry. flyrnHBlii Benep. A sultry
evening.
2. adv., predic. impers. (to be) suf-
focating. Mho Aymno. / am suf-
focating.
flBIM m., no pi. smokeTycTdn AtiM. Dense smoke.<> Hex Awiia 6e3 othh (proverb).
There's no smoke without a fire.
flBIXAHHE neut., no pi. breathingTJiySoKoe AHxanne. Deep breathing.
flBIHlATB, flBiniy, ABiniumB, fltiniaT
imp.1. to breathe. rjiy6oKO n>imaTb.
To breathe deep. flbiniaTb noJi-
Hon rpyA*>K>. To breathe deep.
TflTKejio fltiniaTB. To breathe
with difficulty.
2. : BaM naAO AbimaTB CBejKiiM B03-
AyxoM. You must get fresh air.
flU^a m. uncle
E, e
ErO poss. pron., indecl. his
3to ero nopT$eJib. This is his
brief-case. 9xa nnnra ero. This book
is his.
E#A /., no pi. foodBnycHaH ej\k. Tasty food.
EflBA1. adv. nearly. Oh e^na ycneJi na
ypoK. He was nearly late for his
lesson. Ona e^Ba ne ycnyjia. Shenearly fell asleep.
2. con), hardly. EftBa oh BbiraeJi na
yJinny, Kai< nanajicH nomRb.Hardly had he gone out into the
street when it began to rain.
E#tfHCTBEHH|BlH, -an, -oe, -Lie onlyEftiiHCTBeHHBin cbih. An only son.
E^HHCTBeHHbiH koctiom. The only
suit.
EflflHCTBO neut. unityEa&hctbo B3rJiH£0B. Unity of views.
Eahhctbo TeopHH h npaKTHKH. Theunity of theory and practice.
Eflll 38 5KAJI
E^SHJLlfiL, -an, -oe, -He united, singleEAunaa bojih. A single will. Eau-hhh HJian. A single plan.
EE pois. pron., indecl. her, hers9to ee naJibTo. This is her coat.
9th khhth ee. These books arehers.
EaKEflHEBHIBItt, -an, -oe, -He; adv.eTKe^HeBHo dailyE?KeAHeBHaff ra3eTa. A daily paper.E>Ke#HeBHO ^eJiarb yrpeHHioio 3a-
p^AKy. To do p.t. exercises daily.£3|,0;HTb, -?Ky, -fliiniB, -flHT imp.
1. to go. KajK^HH jxenh a e3Hiyb HHCTHTyT Ha TpaMBae. Everyday I go to the Institute by tram.B nponuioM ro#y a e3#HJi HaKaBKa3. Last year I went to theCaucasus,
2. to ride. H ywceio e3AHTb na Be-
JiocnneAe. / can ride a bicycle.£JI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fir-tree
B Jiecy MHdro ejioK. There are manyfir-trees in the forest.
<> HoBOrOAnaa ejiica. New Year
ECJIH 'conf.
1. if. Ecjih a ne 6yjry oojien, too6H3aTejiLHo npiifly B Tearp. /// am not ill, I'll certainly cometo the theatre. Ecjih xoTHre, hpaccKancy BaM. // you want, Vlltell you. Ecjih 6h a 3naji 063tom paHbtne, a 6h He npnmeji.// / had known this earlier Ishould not have come.
2. whereas. Ecjih na cesepe crpaHHo^ent xojioaho, to na lore ?KapKO.Whereas it is very cold in thenorth of the country, it is veryhot in the south
ECTECTBEHH|BlH, -an, -oe, -ne, shortform ecrecTBes, ecTecTBeHn|a, -o,
-h; adv. ecreCTBeHHO1. only complete form natural.
EcTeCTseHHue nayKH. Naturalsciences. EcTeCTBenHHH <|>aKyjib-
TeT. Natural science faculty.2. natural. EcTecTBeHHoe JKejianne.A natural desire.
ECTB 1, 6M, emb, ecT, ejxau, ej\me
f ej^ar;imper. emb, 6oibTe, past eJi, eJiaimp. f p. ctecTb, ci>eM,Cbenib, cbecT,CTbe^HM, cteAHTe, cbeAflT to eatEctb cyn. To eat soup. XonembecTb? — fl^a, a oqenb xoay ecTb.
"Are you hungry?' 1 "Yes, I amvery hungry,"
ECTB 2 see BBITBEXATB, efljy, -einb, -yT; imper. noe3-
JKan, noe^eM, noe3?KaHTe imp. k y-
A a? h a a e m? to goExaTb na napoxoAe. To go by ship.ExaTb na TpaMBae. To go by tram.ExaTb Ha n6>3Ae. To go by train.
ExaTb na aBTo6yce. To go by bus.rioeAeM na MeTpol Let's go by theunderground/ ABi66yc 6biCTpo eAer.The bus is going fast. IlHOHepMeAyT b Jiarepb. The Young Pioneersare going to camp.
EH(E adv.
in more. flaiTe Mae eme xJie6a.
3g Give me some more bread. H xo-.ny KyniiTb kocteom h erne oahhTaJicryK. / want to buy a suit
[
: and one more tie.
2. still. Oh em;e o^chb mojioa. Heis still very young.
3. as much as, Oh yexaJi eme toana3aA- He left as much as oneyear ago.
4. still, y Hac eme mhoto BpeMena.We still have plenty of time.
5. still. Oh cTaji eme AoSpee hJiyame. He became still kinderand better.
5K, m
3KAJi;H|BlS, -aa, -oe, -He, short formJKaAeH, HtaAHa, jKaAHjo, -ee; adv.tk&aho stingy}KaAHHH aeJioBeK. A stingy person.
5KAJIE|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. /
p. no?KaJie|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot
1. Koro? hto? to pity. JKaJieTbpe6eHKa. To pity a child.
2.0 k 6 m? o a e m? or followedby conf. o to be sorry. 5Ka-Jierb o noTepHHHOM BpeMeHH. Tobe sorry for the time lost. H ?Ka-
Jieio, ^ito He noexaJi na aKCKyp-chio. / am sorry I did not go onthe excursion.
3. Hero? to grudge. JKaJierb A©Her.To grudge the money.
5KAJIK0 (5KAJIB) adv., predic. im-pers. k OM y? KOTO? H t o? orHero?
5KAJI 39 >KEH
1. koto? hto? (to be) sorry. MHejKaJiKO ?e6K. I am sorry for you.
Mne >KaJmo cecrpy. / am sorry
for my sister, HaM JKaJiKO HaraCTapuH £OM. We feel sorry forour old home. MHe jk&jiko nox£-pnHHoro BpeMeHH. Vm sorry forthe time lost.
2. followed by conf. no. JKaaKO,hto tbi He npnmeA. It's a pitythat you didn't come,
3. nero? to grudge. EMy HcaflKO
Aener. He grudges the money.5KAJI|OBATBCH, -yiocb, -yembcn,
-yK)TCH imp. h a koto? na qxo?komJ?//), no>Kaji|oBaTbCH, -yiocb,
-yembCH, -yioTCH to complainJKaJiOBaTfcCH Ha CHHa. To complain
of one's son.
HAJib see 2KAJIKO>KAPEH|Blfl, -an, -oe, -tie fried,
roast
JKapeHan KapTomKa. Fried pota-
toes. ^KapeHoe mhco. Roast meat.5KAP|HTt>, -k>, -Hinb, -ht imp. ito? /
p. HOflJKaplHTB, -K), -HDIb, -HT to
fry, to roast
no£pKapHTb KapxomKy. To fry po-tatoes. JKapHTb mhco. To roast
meat.
3KAPK|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne; adv. jKapKo;comp. >Kapne1. hot. JKapKHH Rent,, A hot day.
>KapKan noroAa. Hot weather.
JKapKoe Jierb. A hot summer.2. adv., predic. impers. (is) hot.
Mne JKapKO. / am hot. CeroAHHonenb Htapno. It's very hot to-
day. OaJio erne jKapne. It be-
came still hotter.
SKATJb, ?KM|y f-emi., -yT imp. hto?/
p. nonsaTb, hojrm^, -emb, -yT to
press, to squeezeIIoJKaTb KOMy-HnSy^ pyny. Toshake hands with somebody.
5Kfl|ATI>, -y, -emb, -yT, past JK^aJi,
?KAaJia, >KAaJi|o, -h imp. koto?hto? or Hero?1. koto? hto? to wait. H^aTb
Apyra. To wait for a friend.
JKflaTb cecrpy. To wait for one's
sister. }K#aTb TpaMBan. To wait
for a tram.
2. nero? to expect. HjiaTb nucb-Ma. To expect a letter, JK#aTbnoMomH. To expect help.
3KE (7K) particle
1. emphatic particle: Hto JKe Tbi
mojihhoib? Why on earth are yousilent? Hto 5Ke Mse #e^taTb? Whatshall I do? Kto ?Ke snaJi, hto no-ro/ra H3MeHHTCH? Who could knowthat the weather would change?
2. exactly, Tery, just, etc. V mqrhecTb Tanaa me KHura, KaK yTe6fl. I've got an exactly the samebook as you. Ko mho npiixoflHJi
tot JKe span, KOTdpBiH npiixo-
fliiJi k Te6e. / 'was attended bythe same doctor as you. B Ty m&MHHyTy pa3Aajic>i 3Boh6k. Atthat very moment the bell rang.
3KEJIAHHE neut. wishy MeHH 6ojr&rn6e ?KeJiaHHe ynuTb-ch. / am eager -to learn.
5KEJlA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-My? ne u y? Her 6? or followedby inf. [p. noHcejia|Ti>, -10, -emb, -iot
to wishJKejiaio BaM cnacTba, saopobbh nSoJibmnx ycnexoB. / wish you hap-piness, good health and great suc-
cess. 5Kejiaio BaM Bcero nanjiyq-
inero. / wish you all the best. ?Ke-
Jiaio bsm xopomo oTAoxnyTB. /
wish you a good rest. H ne JKeJfaio
HHHero cJiymaTb. / don't want to
hear anything.
3KEJIE3HIMH, -an, -oe, -He1. iron. ?KeJie3HaH KpBima. A met-
al roof. }Kejie3Han pyAa. Iron ore.
2. fig. iron. ?KeJie3Hoe 3AopoBbe.Strong health. 5KeJie3Han bojih.
An iron will.
<> 3Kejie3Hafl Aopora. Railway.3KEJIE30 n., no pL iron
B 9toh pyA<3 MHoro >Kejie3a. Thereis much iron in this ore. CAeJiaTb
HT0-HH6yAk H3 JKeJie3a. To makesomething out of iron.
>KEJIT|bIIl, -aaf-oe, -He yellow
JKejiTaa KpacKa. Yellow paint. JKeJi-
tbih HBeT. Yellow colour. JKeJiToe
nJiaTbe. A yellow dress.
5KEHA /., pi. meubi wife
Moa jKena — span. My wife is a
doctor.
5KEHATIMK, -He; short form JKenaT,
-H (of men or of a married couple)
marriedJKenaTHH HeJiOBeK. A married man,
H ne >KeHaT. I'm not married.
5KEH 40
JKEHtlTLCil, /Keniocb, JKeHiimbcn, jkg-
hhtch " im/), & ^. na k 6 m? to
marryMoh flpyr jkohhtch . My friend is
getting married. Oh menimcR naKpacHBoii jjeBymKe. He married abeautiful girl.
p. also nojKeHHTLCH*, sing, not used,pi. no>kgHiiMCH , nojKeHnxecB, no>Ke-hhtch to get marriedOnii nomenirjinct y>Ke ftaBiio. Theymarried quite a long time ago
}KEHCK|H&, -aa, -oe, -ne woman's,women's/KencKan 66yBi>. Women's footwear.Me>KAyHapOAH&iH JKencKiiir flenb.International Women's Day
TKEHmHHA /• womanKpaci'iBan H^eHuiHHa. A beautifulwoman
.
2KEPTBA /.
1. sacrifice. Bmxb totobmm na mo-6bie JKepTBLi. To be ready to
make any sacrifices. IIphhochtb>KepxBM. To make sacrifices.
2. victim. Bmtb (cTaxb) >KepxBoir.To be (become) a victim.
HvECTK|IItl, -an, -oe, -ire wiry, hard2KecTKiie bojiocbi. Wiry hair. HecT-khh flHBaii. A hard divan.
O HxecTKnfi Baron. Hard- seatedrailway carriage,
HxECTOK|HII, -an, -oe, -ne1. cruel. >KecTOKiiH qejioBeic. A
cruel person.
2. bitter,' severe. JKecTOKan 6opt6a.A bitter struggle. HecTOKHH 3a-eoh. A cruel law.
JKEHb, 5Kry, mmemh, j^ryx, pastTft'er, "jural a, -o, -n imp. koto?*i t o? / p. cme^h, cowry, conoKemb,cojKryT, past oner, co?KrJi|a, -6, -n1. to burn. GJKe^B hhcbmo. To burn
a letter. }Rem> 6en3HH, Kepocihi,yroJiL, APOBa. To burn petrol,
paraffin, coal, firewood.2. fig. to burn. CoJinne mmer. The
sun is scorching, Mopo3 mmevJiiino ii pyKii. The frost bitesthe face and the hands.
>KHB|OH, -an, -de, -Lie, short formJKHB, >KHBa, 5KffB|0, -HJ adv . >KIIBO1. alive.
2. living. JKiisan npupo^a. Livingnature.
3. fig. lively. JKhboh pe6enoK. Alively child. H{hboh vm. Live-ly wit.
4. living. >Kiib6h h3lik. A livinglanguage.
<> HxiiBbie D[BeTw. Natural flowers.>KHBOT m,
tgen. -a stomach
y MeHH 6ojiitt >khbot. / have astomach-ache.
5ivHBOTH|OE neut., gen. -oro animalflimiie JKiiBOTHKre. Wild aniinals.
floMamHHe vKHBOxHbie. Domesticanimals.
>KH#K|Hff, -an, -oe, -ne
1. liquid. JKiiftKoe xeJio. A liquid
substance.
2. thin. JKiiflKHH cyn. Thin soup,
}KHftKaH CMexana. Thin sourcream.
MCfiflKOCTB /. liquidHanoJiHiixB cocy# ^kmtikocxmo. Tofill a vessel with a liquid.
.VK$3HEHH|Bill , -an, -oe, -tie life
}Kii3HeHHtiH onuT. Life experience.
H013HB /. life
>Kii3Hb ^ejiOBena. Man's life. }Kii3HbpacTeHHH. The life of plants. KanB03HHKJia jkhbhb na 3eMJie? Bowdid life appear on Earth? TnjKe-Jian jkh3H&. A hard life. 06inecx-BeHHaa >Kii3Hb. Public life.
O HeJioeeK, nojinwii >Kii3HH. A manfull of vitality. Bonpoc 5KH3nn hCRiepxif. A matter of life and death.
EblTb Me>K#y /KH3HBIO II caiepTbio.
To be between life and death.
5KMPHIBIM, -an, -oe, -tie fat, rich
Hxiipnoe mhco. Fat meat. JKnpHHHcyn. Rich soup.
SKfiTEJIb m. inhabitantGeJibCKHH JKnxejib. A countryman.ropojjCKon miheJih. A townsman.Gkojibko >KHTeJien b rdpo,o;e? Howmany inhabitants are there in the
town?
JKHTB, >KHB|y, -emb, -yT, past jkhji,
5KHJia, jketji|o, -n imp. to live
H-\HXb Aoaro. To live long. IKnxbApy>KHO. To live peacefully. 'flXmih
xopomd. To live well. H >KHBy b. MocKBe. / live in Moscow. H\HXbcboum yMOM. To live by one's wits.
TKiiTh hoa oahoh Kpiimen. To live
under the same roof.
2KypHAJI m. magazine
3A 41 3AB
3, 3
3A prep.
I. + instr.
1. behind, beyond. IHyM 3a CTenofi.
A noise behind the wall. 3a pe-
koh Jiec. There is a forest beyondthe river.
2. at. CiiAeTB 3a ctojiom. To sit at
the table.
3. after. Math Apyr 3a #pyroM. Togo one after another. H 3a BaMH.I am after you.
4. at. 3a o6eAOM. At dinner. 3a3aBTpaKOM. At breakfast.
5. for. IIocjiaTL 3a Bpa^OM. To send
for the doctor. Hath 3a xjk§6om.
To go to buy some bread.
6. after. CMOTpeTB 3a pe6eHKOM.To look after a child.
7. out of, beyond. >Khtb 3a ropo-
AOM. To live in the country (out
of town).
II. + acc.
1. behind, out of. nocraBHTB Kap-Timy 3a mKa$. To put a pic-
ture behind the wardrobe. Bpo-chtb qTO-JiH6o 3a okho. To throwsomething out of the window,
2. at. GecTb 3a ctoji. To sit downat the table.
3. by. B3HTb Kor6-nn6yA& sa pyKy.To take somebody by the hand.
4. before. 3a h6ckojibko Asen jio
npne3Aa TOBapuma. Some daysbefore the friend's arrival.
5. in. Bhuojiehtb pa6oTy 3a neAe-jno. To do the work in a week.
6. for. BopoTbca 3a Map, 3a cbo66-
jjy. To fight for peace, for free-
dom.
7. for. 3anJiaTHTb 3a koctiom. Topay for a suit. Kynirrb 3a 5 py6-Jieu. To buy for 5 roubles.
8. to. IIoe3AKa 3a ropOA. A trip to
the country.
3ABACTOB|KA /., gen. pi. -ok
strike06i>HBHTb 3a6acTOBKy. To declare a
strike.
3AEOJI&ITB 1, -K), -erat, -tot p. neu?
to fall ill
3a6ojiexb rpunnoM. To fall ill with
the3
flu. 3a6oJieTb aHTHHOH". Tofall ill with tonsillitis.
3AEOJIETB 2, 1st & 2nd pers.^ not
used, 3rd pers. 3a6oJiHT, 3a6ojmT p..
to begin to achey Menn 3a6ojieJia roJiOBa. My headbegan to ache.
3ABOTA /. care
3a6oTa APyre. Care for a friend.
3ABO|THTBCH, -^ycb, -tmhtbch, -tht-
ch imp. k 6 m? o h e m? / p. no-3a66|THTbCH, -HyCb, -TMB3BCH, -THT-
ch to take care
MaTb aaSoTHTCH pe6enKe. Themother takes care of her child.
3ABOTJIHBIBI1I, -an, -oe, -tie thought-ful, careful
3a6oTJiHBbiH Apyr. A thoughtful
friend. 3a6oTJiHBoe OTHOinemie. Acareful attitude.
3AEBIBA|TB, -m;
-emt, -k>t imp./
p. 3a6MTL, 3a6yA|y» -enib, -yT
1, KOTO? H T O? K 6 m? o h e M?or followed by conj. ^ t or by art
inf. to forget, 3a6biBaTb Apyra.To forget one's friend. 3a6biBaTB
TOBapiinie. To forget about
one's friend. 3a6tiTb npaBiuio.
To forget a rule. H 3a6biJi, ^toceroAHfl coSpanne. / forget there
is a meeting today. He 3a6yAbTOKynaTb 6iiJieTH. Don't forget to
buy tickets,
2, qio? to leave. 3a6biTB 36hthk bMeTpo. To leave one' s umbrella in
the underground.3AEBITB see 3AEBIBATB3ABEPHyTB see 3ABEPTBIBATB3ABEPTBIBA}TB, -10, -erat, -iot imp.
koto? hto? / p. saBepnlyTB, -y,
-emB, -yT to wrap3aBepEtyTb MacJio b Synary. To wrapthe butter in paper. 3aBepHHTe, no-
HcaJiyftcTa. Wrap it up, please.
3ABECTA see 3ABOflfiTB3ABflfl|OBATB, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
imp. k m y? 1 6M y? / p. no3aBii-
AlOBaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT to envyOn 3aBUAyeT mho. He envies me. Oh3aBH#yeT momm ycnexaM. He envies
me my success.
3ABfl[CETB, -my, -ciimb, -cht imp.
ot koto? ot Hero? to depend9to 3aBHCHT ot Bac. It depends on you.
3ABfiCHMOCTB /., no pi. depen-
dence3ABO,H; m. works, plant
AbtomoShjibhhh 3aBoA- An auto
3AB 42 3Afl
works. nocTynriTL na 3aBoA. Tobegin working at a plant. Pa6oTaTbHa 3aBO#e. To work at a plant. Ha-th na 3aBOA. To go to the plant.
yHTii c saBO^a. To leave a plant.
3AB0JJlSTI>, 3aBO>KytaaBOAHmb, saBo-
AHT imp. ^ to? / p. 3aBecTir, 3ape-
A|y, -emb, -yr, past 3aBeji, 3aBeji|a,
-6, -ii to wind up3aBecTH Hacii. To wind up a watch{clock) v
3AB0|EBATb, -k>k>, -i6emb, -ioiot p.^ T O?
1. to conquer. 3aBoeBaTb MnorneCTpanti. To conquer many coun-tries.
2. jig. to win. 3aBoeBaT& Aosepne.To win confidence. 3asoeBaTbyBameHiie h Jiio66Bb. To winrespect and love.
3ABTPA adv. tomorrow3aBTpa Gy^eT xopoman noroAa. To-morrow the weather will be jine.
<> J\o 3aeTpa! Till tomorrow!3ABTPAK m. breakfast
ripuroToBHTB 3aBTpaK. To preparebreakfast. 3a 33BTpaK0M. At break-
fast.
3ABTPAKA|TB, -io, -emb, -tot imp. /
p. no3aBTpaKa|TB, -io, -emb, -tot tohave breakfastMm 3aBTpaKaeM b BoceMB <iacoB yx-pa. We have breakfast at eight
o'clock in the morning.3ABTPAmH|HK, -Ha, -ee, -ne tomor-
row's3aBTpamHHH SKCKypcnH. Tomor-row's excursion.
3ABH3ATB see 3AB£3LIBATb3AB£3bIBA|Tb, -to, -emb, -iot imp.
H T 0?/p. 3aBH3aTb, 3aBHJKy, 3aBH-JKefflb, 3aBH5KyT1. to tie. 3aBH3aTb fseji. To tie a
knot. 3aBH3aTb ropjio. To tie
something round one's neck.2. fig. to start. 3aB«3aTb Apy>K-
6y. To start a friendship.3ArA«|KA /., gen. pi. -ok riddle
3araAaTb 3araflKy. To ask a riddle.
3araAKH npnpoAH. The riddles oj
nature. 3tot HeJioBeK RJifi MeHfi 3a-
raAKa. This man is a riddle to me.3ArOBOP m. conspiracy, plot
OpraHH30BaTb 3aroBop. To hatch aplot. PacKp&iTb 3arOBop. To discov-er a plot.
3ArOPA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp./
p. 3arop|eTb, -k>, -Hrab, ~ht to sun-bathe3aropaTb Ha mifi>Ke. To sun-
bathe on a beach. Xopomo aaro-
peTb. To get well sun-tanned.
3ArOPAlTBCH, -iocb, -embCH, -iotch
imp.jp. 3arop|eTbCH, -iocb, -iimbCH,
-htch1. to catch fire. 3aropeJicn aom.A house was on fire.
2. fig. to burn. 3aropeTbcn JKeJia-
HHeM. To burn with desire. EroTJia3a 3aropeJiiiCb paAocTbio. Hiseyes began to sparkle with joy.
3ArOPETb see 3ArOPATb3ArOPETbCH see 3ArOPATbCtf3A,HA|BATb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. hto?
kom y? / p. 3aAaTb, 3aAaM, 3aAainb,
3aAacT, 3aAaAHM, saAaAHTe, 3aAa-pyT, past saAaji, saAa^ia, 3aAaJi|o, -n
1. to give. 3aAaBaTb ypoK. To give
some material to learn. 3aAaTBna rom. To give a home-task.
2. to ask. 3aAaTb sonpoc. To aska question.
3AAAHME neut. task4oMamHee 3aAaene. A home-task.
3A3ATB see 3Afl;ABATb3A3AHA /.
1. task. O^epeAHLie sam^n. Theimmediate tasks. 3aAa^a rocy-
AapcTBeHHOH BanmocTH, A task
of state importance.
2. sum, problem. PeniHTb 3aAany.To do a sum. To solve a problem.
3aAana c abvmh HeH3BeCTHHMH.A problem with two unknowns.
3AJ3;^MATbCH see SAft^MBIBATb-CH
SAH^MHnBjBlfi, -an, -oe, -tie, short
jorm saAyM^HB, -a, -o, -ti; adv.
aaityM^HBo pensive, thoughtfulSaAyM^HBbiH bha. A pensive look.
3aAyMHHBas AeBymna. A thoughtfulgirl. Oh saftyM^HBO nocMOTpeJi Hanee. He looked at her thoughtfully.
3A#^MBIBA[TbCJI, -iocb, -embCH,-iotch imp. o^eM? h a a h e m? /
p. 3aAyMalTbca, -iocb, -embcii, -iotch
to think, to ponder3aAYMaTbCH HaA ca{5jkhmm Bonpo-com. To ponder over a complexproblem. 3aA^MaTbCH o cBoeM Apy-re. To think about one's friend.
3AE 43 3AM
3AE35KAlTb, -k>, -emb, -iot imp.
k k o m y? k y a a? 3 a k e m? 3 ah e m? /p . 3aexaxb, 3aeAly, -erab, -yT
to call (on, at)
3aexaTb k TOBapmnj. To call onone's friend. 3a<§xaTb Ha no^rry. Tocall at the post-office. 3aexaTb b Ma-ra3iin 3a lamraMH. To call at the
shop to get books.
3AEXATb see 3AE33KATB3AHxEtIb see 3A3KHrATb 'Js
3A5KE^IbCH see 3AJKHFATbCjfe3A/KIirA|Tb, -io, -emb,- -iot
'
h t o? / p. s&menh, 3a;Kryf3aJKH?tab,
3aJKryT, past 3a>Ker, 3a?KrJi|a, -6,
-ri to light
3a>Ke^b cntJHKy. To light a match.
SaJKe^b cBeT. To switch on the light.
3A2KHrA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -eicn, -iotch imp./ p.
Qame^hCK, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. 3a/KH<eTCH» 3ajKryTCH,past 3aH<erca, 3a>KrJi|acb, -ocb, -j'icb
to light
Cnw^KH ne 3a>KHraioTCH. Thematches won't light. Ha ne6e 3a-
JKrJiHCb 3B63AH. Stars appeared in the
sky.
3AflTfl see 3AX0,D[HTb3AKA3ATb see 3AKA3bIBATb3AKA3bIBA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
ito? / p. 3aKa3aTb, 3aKa?Ky, 3ana->Kemb, sana^yT to book, to order3ana3aTb 6HJieTLi b TeaTp. To booktickets for the theatre. 3aKa3HBaTbo6e%. To order dinner.
3AKAHHHBAITb , -io, -erab, -tot imp.1T0? / p. 3aK0H xl|HTb, -y, -Hffib, -aTto finish
3aK0HHHTb paooTy. To finish work.3AKAHHHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotchimp. j p. 3aK0HH|KTbCH, 1st & 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch, -aTCHto endCoSpanne 3aKOHHHJiocb o^ienb no3fl-ho. The meeting ended very late.
3AKAT m. sunsetHpKHH saKaT. A bright sunset. Sa-nat coJinua. Sunset.
SAKJIIOHAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.H T 0?/p. 3aKJI£0H|HTb, -y, . -iknb, -aT
to conclude3aKJii0HHTb Miip. To make peace.SaKJiro^HTb floroBop. To concludea treaty.
3AKJII0*IIITb see SAKJIIOHATb3AK0H m. law
3aK0H npnpoAH. A' law of nature.
3aK0Hbi paaBHTHH 66rn;ecTBa. Thelaws of development of society. ITpH-HHTb 3aK0H. To adopt a law.
3AK0HHHTb see SAKAHHHBATb3AK(3nHHTbCH see 3AKAHHH-
BATbCHSAKPHHlATb, -y, --nmw * p. to
shout
'
TpoMKO 3aKpHHaTb. To shout loudly,
3AKPbIBA|Tb, -io, -erab, -iot imp.HTO? I p. 3aKpMTb, 3aKp6'|K), -emb,
-IOT
1. to close. 3aKpbiBaTb okho. Toclose a window*. 3aKpbiTb flBepb
Ha kjiioh. To lock -the door. 3a-
KpbiBaTb TeTpa^b, icnnry, ajib6oM.
To close the copy-book, the book,
the album. 3aKpbiTb rJia3a. Toclose one's eyes.
2. fig. to close. 3aKpbiTb co6pamie.To close the meeting.
3AKPblTb see 3AKPbIBATb3AKyPflTb, 3aKypK>, 3aKypnmb, 3a-
KypaT p. ito? to light
3aKypHTb naniipocy. To light a
cigarette.
3AJI m. hall
3pHTeJibHbiii saJi. An- auditorium.
CnopTHBHbiii saJi.- A sports hall.
Aktoblih 3aJi. An assembly hall.
HnxaJibHbiH 3aJi. A * reading hall.
3aJi 3aceAaHHH. Convention hall.
3AMEHfiTb see 3AMEH#Tb3AMEHU jTb, -io, ,emb, -iot imp:
hto? qen? /p. 3aMeHHTb, saMenio,
aaMeHHfflb, 3aMeHHT to replace^
3aMeHHTb cTapyio ^eTajib hoboh.To replace an old pan by a new one,
3aMeHHTb ypoKH xhmhii yponaMHpyccKoro H3biKa. To substitute
Russian lessons for chemistry lessons.
3AMEP3A|Tb, -io, -erab, -iot imp./
p. 3aMep3H|yTb, -y, -erab, -yr, past
saMep3, 3aMep3Jila, -o, -h to freeze
H 3aMep3aK) ot xoJiOAa. / am freez-
ing from the cold. PeKa 3aMep3Jia.
The river has frozen.
3AMEP3HyTb see 3AMEP3ATb &MEP3HYTb
3AMETIITb see SAME^ATb3AMEHAHHE neut. remark
GnpaseAJinBoe 3aMe^aHHe. A just
remark. CAeJiaTb 3aMe^aHHe KOMy-
3AM 44 3AII
-jih6o hjih no noBO#y *iero-m6o.To make a remark to somebody or
on something.
SAME^ATEJILHIBia, -an, -oe, -tie
wonderful3aMe*iaTeJibHKEH hoSt namero Bpe-
M6HH. A wonderful poet- of our time.
3aMe^aTeJibHHii ropojo;. A wonder-
ful city.
SAMEHAlTB, -io, -emb, -jot imp. ko-to? HT oY/p. 3aMe|THTb, -Hy, -THtQb,
-TflT
1. to notice. Ha yjiniie h 3aMeTHJiTOBapmna. In the street, I noticed a
friend. H 3aMeTiuithto oh ycraji.
/ noticed that he was tired.
2. to remark. «3to HenpaB^a)), —saMeTHJi oh. "That's not true,"
he remarked.
3AM|0l\ m., gen. -na lock3anepeTi> na 3aM0K. To lock.
SAMOJI^lATb, -y, -nuib, -aT p. to
become silent
y^enriK 3aM0JraaJi. The pupil be-
came silent.
3AMY5K adv.
Bhhth ddiUym. To marry (of womenonly). Oho.. BHmjia 3a Hero 3a\iyjK.
She married him.
3AMY3KEM adv.
BbiTb 33My>KeM. To be married (of
women only). Bbi 3aMy>KeM? — HeT,R He 3aMyn<eM. „Are you married?"
"iVo, / am not." OHa 6siJia 3a-
MyjKeM. She was married,
3AHHMA|TB, -io., -emb, -tot imp.^To?/p f
3aHHTB, 3anM|y, -emb, -yT
1. to occupy. GTa^noH 3aHHMaeT100 reKTapoB, The stadium oc-
cupies 100 hectares.
2. to take. CnopxcMen 3annji nep-Boe MecTO. The sportsman took
the first place.
3. to take. 3aHiiMaHTe Mecra. Takeyour seats.
4. to take. PemeHHe 3aAa*ni 3ana-jio 4 naca. The solution of the
problem took 4 hours.
5. to occupy. BoiicKa 3aHHJin ropo^.The troops occupied the town.
3AHUMA|TBCH , -iocb, -eiHbcH, -iotch
imp. vj\e? h e m?1. to study. 3aHHMaTbcn b 6h6jiho-
Tene. To study at a library.
Mnoro 3aHHMaTbCH. To study a lot.
2. to go in for. 3aHHMaxbCH cndp-tom. To go in for sport.
3aHHMaxbcfl My3biKOH, JXHTepa-
xypoii. To go in for music>literature.
3AHHTHE neut.
1. occupation. IIoJie3Hoe 3aHHTiie.A useful occupation.
2. only pi. lessons. BbiTb na 3aHH~thhx. To be at the lessons.
3AHHT|BIH, -an, -oe, -bie, short form33HHT, 3aHHTa, 3aHHT|0, -H1. taken. 3to necxo 33hhto? Is this
seat taken?
2. busy. H cero^HH 3anHT. / ambusy today.
3AHtfTB see 3AHHMATBSAO^IHIBIM, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. 3adn-
no by correspondence3a6 linoe oSy^enne. Teaching bycorrespondence. SaoHHHH HHCTHTyT.A correspondence institute. yyuib-cn 3a6 xiHO. To study by correspond-ence.
3£nA# m.1. west. C BOCTOKa Ha 3anaA. From
east to west.
2. west. Ha 3anajie CTpaHH. In the
west of the country.
3AIIAJ{H|I>lff, -an, -oe, -Lie west(ern)3ana/iHbiH BeTep. A west wind. 3a-
naAHoet
noJiyniapiie. The westernhemisphere.
3AHAX m. smellnpimTHbiii 3anax. A pleasant smell.
3anax hbctob. The smell of flow-
ers.
3AIIIICATB see 3AniICBIBATB3AnfIC|KA /., gen. pi. -ok
1. note. HanncaTb 3anncKy. Towrite a note.
2. only pi. transactions. VmuuQ3anncKH ynHBepciiTeTa. Thetransactions of the University.
3AIIflCBIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -jot imp.o? / p. 3amicaTb, 3annmy, 3ann-
memb, 3annmyT1. to write down. SaniiCHBaTb JieK-
HHIO. To take down notes of a
lecture.
2. to record. 3anncHBaTb tojioc nanJieHKy. To record somebody's
voice.
3AIIJIAKATB see IIJIAKATB3AIIJIATflTB see lUIATfiTB
3An 45 3AH
3AI10MHHA |Tb , -io, -emb, -iot imp.
KOTO? qTO? / p. 3anOMH|HTB, -10,
-iinib, -ht to remember3anoMHiXTB HOMep jipMa. To remem-ber the number of a house. 3anoM-Hirre 3T0 cjiobo. Remember this word.
3AlI0MHIITb see 3A IIOMHHATB3AnPETHTb see 3AnPEIHATb3AIIPEmA|Tb, -io, -ernb, -iot imp.
q t o? k o m y? + inf-/p- 3anpe|THTb,
-m,y, -TiiniB, -tht to forbid, to pro-
hibitBpa^i 3anpeTHJi eny Kypirrb. Thedoctor forbade him to smoke.
3AnPEUJEfraE neut. prohibition3APAEATBIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot
imp. hto? / p. 3apa6oTajTb, -io,
-emb, -iot to earn
3apa6oTaTb mhoto #eHer. To earn
a lot of money.3APAB0TATB 1 see 3APAEATBIBATB3APAE0TATB2 to begin working
Maini'ma 3apa66Ta,na. The machinebegan ^working.
3APIIJIATA /. ( = 3apa6oTHan ruiaTa)
salary, wagesBbicoK8.fi 3apnjiaTa. A high salary
(high wages). Hti3Kan 3apnjiaTa. Alow salary (low wages). nojiy^HTb3apnjiaTy. To get one's salary(wages),
3ACJIY5KHBAITB, -ro, -emb, -iot
imp, hto?//?. 3acjry>KnTb, 3acjiy-
Hcy, sacjiyjKiiniL, sacJiyacaT
1. to deserve. 3acjiyjKtfTb narpaAy.To deserve a reward.
2. to win. .y^HTejis sacjiyHCHji jiio-
6gbb y^tOHEKOB. The teacher wontJie love of his pupils.
3ACJiy>KHTb see 3ACJI^5KHBATB3ACME|#TBCH, -iocb, -embcn, -iotch
p. to begin to laughPpoMKO .3acMeaTBCfl. To begin to
laugh loudly.
3ACHyTB see 3ACBMATB3ACTABHTB see 3ACTABJI5lTb3ACTABJI#|TB, -so, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? *i t o? -f- inf. / p. 3acTa|BiiTb}
-bjiio, -Bunib, -bet to makeSacTaBHTb pa6oTaTb. To make (some-
body) work.3ACBIHA|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. /
p. 3acH|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT
Oh sacbinaeT SticTpo. He falls asleep
quickly. KorAa tbi B^epa 3acnyji?
When did you ftilltasleep yesterday?
3ATEM adv.
1. then. CuaHaJia a noHj^y b 6h6-jiHOTeny, a aaTeM b khho. /
shall first go to the library andthen to the cinema.
2. for (or translated by inf.). OhH03B0HMJI 3aT(3M, HT06bI y3HaTb,Kan h ce6ff nyBCTByio. Hecalled up to learn how I felt.
3AT0 conf. but3to HeBKycno, 3aTo noJie3HO. It's
not tasty, but it's good (for you).
3AXBAT&TB see 3AXBATBIBATB3AXBATblBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot
imp. 'qTO? / saxBaTHTb, 3axBa-
hv, 3axBaTiimb, 3axB&THT to seize
3axsaTHTb qyjKHG 3eMjm. To seize
somebody else's land.
3AX0flfiTb, 3axo>Ky, 3ax6A*imb, 3a-
xo^ht imp. k kom y? k y a a? 3 a
k e m? 3 a h e m? / p. 3aiiTH, 3afiA[y,
-emb, -yT, past aatneji, 3am\n|a, -6, -ir
1. to call. 3arrrn b tocth k Apy-ry. To call on a friend. SanTH b
Mara3ira 3a KHtiraMH. To call at
a shop to buy books.
2. to set. CoJiHne 3axdAHT. Thesun is setting.
3AX0TETB see XOTETb3AHEM adv. what for, why
3a^eM Bbi npnexajin b Mockbv?What did you come to Moscow for?
K He anaio, 3a^eM oh npnxoAiiJi. /
don't know why he called.
3AIIJI1TA no pi.
1. defence. 3am.HTa ropoAa, npaB.
The defence of a city, rights,
2. defence. 3an(HTa AiiccepTai^HH.
The defence of a thesis.
3AnpiTHTb see SAID^IIlUTb3AlB;Hni;A|Tb, -ro, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? ^xo? ot koto? ot He-ro? / p. 3amH|THTb, -my, -Tiimb,.
-T3T1. to defend. 3am.nm.aTb ropoff ot
Bpara. To defend the city^from
the enemy. 3am;Hirj;aTb cbok npa-
Ba. To defend one's rights.^ 3a-
mnmaTb cboio To^Ky 3pennH.
To defend one's point of view.
2. to defend. 3aHjnmaTb flnccepTa-
nino- To defend one's thesis.
3AHBISTB see 3AHBJIiJTB3AHBJIEHHE neut.
1. declaration. 3aHBjieHne npaBH-
TejibCTBa o nojio>KeHHH b CTpane.
3AH 46 3EJ1
A government declaration on the
situation in the country.
2. application. HanitcaTb 3aaBJie-
HHe Ha iImh AHpeKTopa. To write
an application to the director.
3AHBJI>1|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp.h t o? kom}'? o ^ e m? / p. 3a-
HBHTb, 3aflBJll6, 3aHBSffl&, 3aHBHTto announceIIpaBiiTejibCTBO 3anBHJio 06 ycTa-HOBJieHHEf flHnJIOMaTPWeCKHX OTHO-meHUH c 3toh CTpanoH. The govern-
ment announced the establishment ofdiplomatic relations with this
country.
3BATB, 30B|y, -enib, -yr, past qb&ji,
-a, -o, -h imp. I p. no3BaTB, no30-B|y, -eras, ~yr, past
.
H03BaJi, no-3Bajia t no3Ban|o, -h
1. koto? ito? to call. Man,no3Bajia peSeHKa o6eAarb. The'mother called the child to dinner.
IIo30B«Te cecTpy k Tejie^ony.Call your sister to the telephone.
2. no p. to be called. KaK Bac 30-
syT? — MeHn 30ByT Bopnc (Bo-pircoM). "What is your name?""My name is Boris."
3BE33A /., pi. 3B63AM1. star. Hpnan 3Be3£a. A bright
star. Ha iie6e OAna 3Be3Aa.There is one star in the sky.
3aH<rjiiict 3Be3ALK Stars beganto show.
2. fig. star. 3Be3Aa anpana (khho-3Be3Aa). A film star.
3BEH|ETB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. -ht, -at imp. to ring3bghht 3boh6k. The bell is ring-
ing. Tojioc ee" 3B'eHeJi Kan kojio-
kojibhhk. Her voice rang like a. bell.
3BEPjB gen. pi. -eii beastXhbahbih 3BepB. A beast of prey.
flnmie 3Bepn. Wild beasts.
3B0H|$TB, -jo, -iiujh, -ht imp. k o-
M y? / p. II03B0H|KTB, -10, -BLUb, -HT1. no p. to ring. 3bohht Tejie$6n.
The telephone is ringing.
2. KOMy? to ring up. H ho3bo-hhji eMy no Tejie<j)OHy. / ranghim up.
3B0HKjHll, -an, -oe, -ne ringing3b6hkhh tojioc. A ringing voice.
3B0HKaH necHH. A ringing song.
3BOH|0K m.tgen. -na
1. bell. H nan^aJi na KHonKy 3boh-Ka. / pressed the button of the
bell.
2. bell. Pa3Aajica TpeTnn 3boh6k.The third bell rang.
3BYK m.1. sound. GTpaHELiH 3ByK. A strange
sound. 3ByK rojioca. The sound
of a voice.
2. sound. CorjiacHBiii (rjiacHbin)
3ByK. A consonant (vowel) sound.
3ftAHIIE neut. buildingBojiBmoe 3AaHiie. A large building.
Orapoe 3Aanne. An old building.
3Aanne rearpa. The theatre building.
3,0;ECB adv.
1. r a e? bere. Mh 6yA^'M jkhtb
3ACCB. We shall live here. 3accbBee cboh. There are no strang-
ers here.
2. fig. 3a<3cb HeT minero njioxoro.
There is nothing bad in this.
3,a;0P6BA|TbCH, -locb, -enitcn, -iotchimp. C KOM? / p. n03AOpOBa|TBCH,-iocb, -emfcCH, -iotch to greet
Oh ne nosflopoBajica c naMii. Hedidn't greet us.
3fl;0P0B|Llfi, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form 3AopoB, -a,:o, -li
1. bealtby. 3aop6bbih pe6e*H0K. Ahealthy child. Oh cOBceM 3A0p0B.He is quite healthy.
2. only complete form healthy.
3aopobbih biia- A healthy look.
3aop6bbih otabix. Healthy rest.
<> ByAb(Te) 3AOpoB(ti)! Good-bye!
330P0BBE n. health
Xoponiee BAOpoBBe. Good health.
Kpennoe 3AOpoBbe. Strong health.
y Hero cjia6oe 3AOpoBbe. Hishealth is weak. KaK Bame 3AopoBbe?How are you? Bepenb 3AopoBbe.To take care of one's health.
<> 3a Bame 3AopoBbeI To yourhealth! Ha 3nopOBbe! To your pleas-
ure!
3£PABCTByH(TE) [SApacTByHxe]How do you do. Good morning.Good afternoon. Good evening.
Hello!
3EJIEH|Blfl, -an, -oe, -He1. green. 3eJienaH TpaBa. Green
grass. 3ejieHHH nBeT. Green col-
our.
3EM 47 3HA
2. green. 3ejieHLie oboihh. Greenvegetables. 3eJieHHe h6jiokh.
Green apples.
3EMJIil /., acc. 3eMJiio; pi. seMJin,
3eM6JIfe, 36MJIHM, etc.
1. no pi. Earth. 3eMJia BpainaexcHBOKpyr CBOeH oca. The Earthrevolves on its axis.
2. land. nJiORopoflHaa 3eMJia. Fer-
tile land. 3eMJiH — c66cxBeH-hoctl napo^a. The land belongs
to the people.
3. ground. Vnacxb na seMJifO. Tofall to the ground.
4. land. «3eMJial» — 3aKpnnaji Max-poc. "Land!" the sailor shouted.
3&PKAJIO neut.}pi. sepnaJia, 3epKaji,
sepnaJiaM, etc. looking-glass
CMOxpexb(ca) b 3epnaJio. To look
(at oneself) in a looking-glass.
3EPH0 neut., pi. 3epHa, 3epen, 3ep-
naM, etc. grainilmeHri^Hoe aepno. A grain ofwheat.
3HMA /., acc. 3HMy, pi. 3HMH winterCypoBaa, xojioAHan 3hmsL A hard,
cold winter. Bcio BHMy cxohjih mo-p03H. The frosts lasted the wholewinter.
3l5MH|Bn5, -aa, -ee, -ne winter3hmhhh j\euh. A winter day. 3hm-nee najibTO. A winter coat. 3hm-hhh cnopT. Winter sports.
3HMOK adv. in winter3hmoh b MocKBe xojiojuio. It is
very cold in Moscow in winter.
3JI|OH, -an, -oe, -He, short form 30JI,
3Jia, 3JI0, 3JIH
1. wicked, malicious, vicious.
3jioh aeJiOBeK. A wicked man.3ff6e jihho. A wicked face.
2. hard. 3jioh Mopo3. A hard frost.
3. angry. Kan a sojiI How angry I
am!3ME$ /., pi. 3Men, 3Meu snake
H#oB0Taa 3Mea. A venomous snake.
3HAK0jMHTBCH, -MJiiocb, -MHmbca,-MaTca imp. c K6M? c a e m? /
p. n03HaKO |MHTb CH, -MJIIOCb, -MHUlb-
CH, -mhxch1. to make acquaintance. 3naKo-
MHTbCa C HOBHMH JHOftbMH. Tomeet new people.
2. to get to know. 3HaKOMHXbca c
ropo^OM. To get to know acity.
3HAK(3M|i>lBE, -aa, -oe, -He, short
form aaaKOM, -a, -o, ~bx
1. familiar. 3HaKOMaa Knara. Afamiliar book. H. 3HaKOM c hhm.He is an acquaintance of mine.
2. used as n. acquaintance. Oh moh3HaKOMHH. He is an acquaintance
of mine. OHa Moa 3naK0Maa.She is an acquaintance of mine.
OffHH MOH 3HaKOMHH CKa3£lJ]
MHe, axo... An acquaintance of
mine told me that...
3HAMEHftT|Mfi, -aa, -oe, -He, short
form 3HaMeHHT, -a, -o, -h famous,celebrated3HaMeHnTHH KOMno3HTOp. A fa-
mous composer. 3HaMeHHTHU xy-
ftOJKHHK. A celebrated artist.
3HAMU neut. , gen., dat., prepos. 3na-
Menn, acc, 3HaMa, instr. 3HaMeHeM",
pi. 3HaMena, 3HaMeH banner3HaMa cbo66ah. The banner of
freedom.3HAHME neut. knowledge
3naHHe — cima. Knowledge is pow-
er. I\ny66Kiie 3Hanna. Profoundknowledge. IIpoaHHe 3Ha.Hna. Solid
knowledge. OBJia,n;eBaxb sHannaMH.To gain knowledge.
3HA|Tb, -k>, -emb, -iot imp. k r 6?
IT O? K 6 M? ie M?1. to know. H snaio sxoro aejioBe-
Ka. / know that man. Xopomo3HaTb CTpany. To have a goodknowledge of a country.
2. to know. 3naxb pyccKHH H3HK.To know Russian.
3. to know. 3aaxb 06 oxi>e3£e„ Toknow about one's departure. H3naio, axo oh 66 jieH. / know that
he is ill. fl 3Haio, r,n;e oh jkh-
Bex. / know where he lives. H3Haio, Ky#a oh nomeji. / knowwhere he went. K ho 3Haio, Kor-
#a on Bepnexca. / don't knowwhen he will come back. H He3Haio, noaeMy ero Hex. / don't
know why he is not here.
3HAMEHHE neut.
1. meaning. 3xo cjiobo HMeex mho-ro 3HaaeaHH. This word has
many meanings.2. importance. Cnopx HMeex^ or-
poMHoe 3HaaeHiie R-na 3AopoBba.Sport is of great importance for
health.
3HA
3HA.HlHTb, 1st & 2nd pert, rarely
used, 3rd pers. -ht, -aT imp. h t o?
to meanHto 3Haq'HT 3to cjiobo? TF&a£ aWsthis word mean? 8to HH^erd ne3Ha^:'HT. It means nothing.
3KAHIOK m., gen. ;Ka badgeynHBepciiTeTCKHH 3HaH0K. A uni-
versity badge. SnaHoK Typifcra
CCCP. The badge of tourist of the
USSR. OSMeHHBaTBCH 3HaHKaMH.To exchange badges.
30JI0T0 neut., no pi. goldHtiCToe 30JIOTO. Pure gold. flo6Bi-B''iTh so.'ioTO. To mine gold. 3anjia-
TiiTb 30JIOTOM. To pay in gold.
He Bee to 3ojioto, hto 6jiec-
tht (proverb). All that glitters
isn't gold.
30JIOT10H, -aa, -6e, -He gold1. gold. 3oJiOTaa moHera, A gold
coin. 3oJiOTbie HacH. A goldwatch.
2. fig.: Sojiotoh ^ejioBeK. A won-derful man.
<> 3ojiOTaa cepeA&Ha. The golden
mean.30HTHK m. umbrella
PacKpHTb 30HTHK. To open an um-brella.
3PEHIIE neut. eyesight
Xopomee 3peHHe. Good eyesight.
ToHKa 3peHHfl. A point of view.
C t6*ikh 3peenH Koro^JiHO'o. Fromsomebody's point of view.
3PfITEJIf> m. spectatorTeaTpaJibHHBl 3pHTejiB. A theatre-
goer. & 3.&JI0 MHoro.
' 3pHTejieH.
There are many spectators in the hall.
3PH adv. for nothing3pn Tp.aTHTB BpeMfl. To waste time.
.3 pa roBoppiTB, To speak to nopurpose. 3pa ne SecnoKOHTect!Don't worry unnecessarily!
3YB m., pi. 3y6u, 3y66s toothy Mena 6ojiht 3y6H. I've got a
.toothache.
^ ToBopiiTB (oBa-3a?b) ckbo3b3y6bi. To speak through clenched
teeth.
H, H
33 con.'f. andMaTB h OTen. Mother and Father.
Mbi ro.BopHM no-pyccKH h no-anr-
jihhckii. We speak Russian andEnglish, riomeji aojkab, h mbi nenoexaJin 3a ropoA. H began to rainand we didn't go to the country.
BXOJIIKA /., gen: pi. -ok needle
flan MH'e nrojiKy c hhtkoh. Give mea needle and some thread. FpaMMO-(JoHHan nroJiKa. A gramophoneneedle. Hr6JiKH Ha ejiKe. Fir needles,
HrPA /., pi. nrpn game; playing1. HHTepecHan;, nrpa. An interest-
ing ' g'dme. HacTOJiBnan nrpa. Atable game.
2. Mrpa na CKpnnKe.' Playing the
violin.
3. Mrpa b $yt66ji. Playing foot-
Mil:;Hrp.4{Tb, -io, -erati -iot imp.jp. c&ir-
pa|TB, -jo, -enib, -iot
1. to play. fleTH nrp^ioT b napKe.The children are playing in the
park. H nrpaio c ; 6paxoM. I playwith my brother.
2. bo h to? to play. HrpaTb b
6acKeT66ji, b {JivtGojt, b BOJieii-
66 ji, b maxMaTH. To play bas-
ket-ball, football, volley-ball,
chess.
3. Ha h§m? to play. HrpaTb nanriammo, na CKpimne, na rn-
T&pe. To play the piano, the
violin, the guitar.
4. ^to? to play. HrpaTb sajibc.
To play a waltz, koto? Hr-paTb Eopnea roAyHOBa. To playBoris Godunov.
<> 3to nrpaeT SoJibmyro pojib.
IV s of great importance. 3to nenrpaeT pojin. It's of no importance.
HrPymiKA f.,]gen, pi. -en toyflercKiie nrpymKii. Children's toys.
HflEH /.
1. idea. nepejioBKre ha<3H nameroBpeMenn. Advanced ideas of our
time.
2. idea. H/B3H npoH3BeAeHHH. Theidea of a literary work.
MfllTfl, -y, -eniB, -yT, past men, mji|a f
-0, -h imp.
1. k y a a? t k y a a? to go. Hathb peCTopan. To go to a restau-
rant. Math na no^Ty. To go to
the post-office. Hath 113 TeaTpaAOMoii. To go home from the
theatre. Hath k 6paTy. To go
to one's brother. Hath 6HCTpo.
H3 49 H3M
To go quickly. IlflTii neraKOM.To walk.
2. to go. HjyrH ryjiHTB. To go for
a walk. H npy b khho. / amgoing to the cinema.
3. to go. IIoeaA ii^eT SbiCTpo.
The train is going fast.
4* to go. ftopora Hfl&r jiecoM. Theroad goes through a forest.
S.i^acH H^yx xopomo. The watch(clock) keeps good time.
6. : Hast ROMRb. It is raining . H/jeT
cHer. It is snowing. MjsfiT rpaA-It is hailing.
7. : KaK n^yT ftejra? How are things?
>Kii3Hb iifleT. Li/e goes o«. Bpe-mh HfieT. Time ts passing. Pa-
6oTa ha^t. pFoz-A is in progress.
8. to be on. Cero^Hfl b TeaTpeH#eT noBan nbeca. There is a
new play on at the theatre, today.
9. to become. 3to njiaTte bsmH^eT. This dress becomes you.
10. :HflTH k neJiu. To try to achieve
one's goal.
<> Hath Ha bcc. To go to anylength. He hact h3 yMa (<it6-jih6o).
Not to be able to get (something)out of one's head. TojiOBa haSticpyroM. My head is in a whirl.
H3 (H30) prep. + gen.
1. OUt Of . BhHTH H3 KOMHaTEI. To go
(come) out of the room. BiiexaTbH3 ropoAa. To. drive out of the
town.
2. from. lOnoma 113 A$piiKii. Ayouth from .Africa.
3. of. HeKOTopwe H3 nac. Some of
us. Oa^h E3 cTyAenTOB. One of
the students.
4. (made) of. Kocteom H3 mepcTH. Awoollen costume:
H3BECTIIE neut.
1. news. IlpHaTHoe ii3BecTne,
Pleasant news.
2. news. IIocjieAHiio H3BecTiin. Thelatest news.
H3BECTH|LIlI, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form H3BecTeii, H3BecTH|a, -o, -Li;
adv. H3BecTHO well-knownH3BecTHiiH y^enHH. A well-knownscientist. 3to BceM H3BecTH0. Every-body knows that.
H3BHHflTb see H3BHH#TbH3BHHSTBCH see H3BHHHTBCH
, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-to? / p. H3BHH|UTb, -10, -Hinb, -ATto excuseH3BHHUTe Menn, no-vKaJiyucTa. Ex-cuse m,e, please.
K3BHH#|TbCH, -K>cb, -embCH, -iotcrimp. / p. H3BHH|HTbCH, -K>Cb, -Hmb-ca, -HTCfl to apologiseOh H3BMHHJICH nepeAO mhok 3aAOJiroe MOjnaHiie. He apologisedto me for his long silence.
H33AJIEKA adv. from far awayIIpHexaTb H3AajieKa. To come fromfar away.
113-3A prep. ~f~ §en -
1. from behind. M3-3a Jieca noKa-3ajiacb Jiyna. The moon cameout from behind the forest.
2. from. BcTaTb H3-3a CTOJia. Toget up from the table.
3- because of. M3-3a ao>ka^ met nenoexajin Ha nporyjiKy. Because ofthe rain we didn't go for a drive.
H3MEHEHHE neut. changeM3MeHeHHH B ?kh3hh. Changes in
life. H3MeHeHHe b pacnucaHHK. Achange in the . time-table. B CTpanenpOH30mJIH 60JIbfflHe H3MeHeHHH.Great changes have taken place in
the country.
H3MEHfiTb see H3MEH#TbH3MEH#TbCH see H3MEHflTbCtf &
MEHJlTbCHH3MEHH|Tb, -so, -emb, -iot imp. f
p. H3MeHHTb, H3MeHI0, H3MeHHIHb,H3M(3HHT1. h t o? to alter. H3MeHWTb nxrau.
To alter a plan.
2. KOMy? ne My? to betray, to beunfaithful, H3MeHUTb cTpaHe.To betray one's country. H3MeHHTbHceHe. To be. unfaithful to one's
wife.
M3MEHHlTbC#, -iocb, -embcn, -iot-
C# imp.jp. H3MeHHTbCH, H3MeHK)Cb,H3MeHHmbCHv H3MeHHTCH to changeH3MeHHJiCH biia ropoAa. The ap-
pearance of: the city has changed.
Bh oneHb H3M6HiiJincb . You'veChanged a lot. (cf. MEHHTbCH)
H3M£PIITb-rsee H3MEP^TbH3MEPU|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
HT O? / p. H3Mep|HTb, -10, -limb, -HT
to measureM3MepHTb A^tfHy KOMHaTH. Tomeasure the length of a room.
H30 50 HHT
HaMepnTb TeMnepaTypy. To take
one's temperature,
II30EPA}KA|TL, -10, -enib, -iot imp.
q t oilp. H3o6pa]3HTb, -H<y, -3iimb,
-3ht to represent
Hto bh H3c6pa3HJin na 8toh nap-Time? What did you represent in
that picture?
H30EPA3flTb see H30EPAJKATbH30BPECT& see H30EPETATBH30EPETA|Tb, -k>, -emb
t-iot imp.
1TO? / p. H306peCTHf
H3o6peTly,-emb
t -yT, past ii3o6peji, H3o6peji|a\
-6, -h to invent
H3o6pecTH HOByio Maniiiny. To in-
vent a new machine.
H3-IIOfl prep. + gen.
1. from under. KomKa Bbinuia 113-
noff CTOJia. The cat came fromunder the table.
2. from a place near some otherplace. IIpiiexaTb 113-noA Jlemra-rpa^a. To come from near Lenin-grad.
HSYHAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. hto?koto? / p. nsy^HTB, ii3yqy, H3y-quoib, H3j^qaT to studyH3y^aTb pyccKiin H3LIK. To studyRussian. H3y^aTb npo6JieMy. Tostudy a problem.
H3yHSTB see H3yqATbflJIH conj. or
3aHHTiia na^nyTCH 3aBTpa hjih
nocjie3aBTpa. The lessons start to-
morrow or the day after. Oh floMaiijih HeT? Is he at home or not? ^ahjih h6t? Yes or no?
fiMEHHO particle precisely, just
Mmenho bli MHe hvjkhh. You are
just the one I need.
Bot HMeHHO. Exactly.HME|Tb, -io, -enib, -k>t imp. koto?
ito? to haveKMeTb MHoro BpeMeHH rjih 3ana-thh. To have a lot of time forone's studies. HweTb B03.M0JKH0CT:b
noceTHTb BHCxaBKy. To be able to
visit the exhibition. HMeTb 3Ha^e-Hiie. To be of importance.
HMnEPHAJIHCTH^ECKlHS, -an, -oe,
-He imperialist0MH neut., gen., dat., prepos. HMemi,
acc. hmh, instr. HMeueM; pi. HMe-na, hmSh, HMenaM, etc. nameMoe hmh — BjiagHMHp. My name is
Vladimir. KaK Baine hmh? What'syour name?<> BwcTynaTb ot HMenn Koro-JiH-6o. To speak on somebody's behalf,
Bn6jiHOTeKa hmchii JleHnna. TheLenin library.
HHAHE1. adv. in a different way, 9to na-
#0 cneJiaTb HHane. This shouldbe done in a different way.
2. conj. (or) else. Hah 6biCTpee,
HHaqe tbi ono3,aaernb. Go f aster ,
or else you'll be late.
HH5KEH&P m. engineerTopHbiH HH>KeH6p. A mining engi-
neer. Moh ot^ic —• HHJKeHep. Myfather is an engineer. Pa66iaTb hh-JKeHepoM. To work as an engineer,
HHOr^A adv. sometimesHHor,n;a oh npHXOflHJi npMOH ho3£-ho. Sometimes he came home late.
IIHOGTPAHIEU; m.tgen. -na foreigner
B rocTtraHiie jkhbSt mhofo hho-CTpaHHeB. Many foreigners live in
the hotel.
HHOCTPAHHIBIK, -an, -oe, -weforeignHnocTpaHHbie H3UKH. Foreign lan-
guages. MHHHCTepCTBO HHOCTpaH-hhx ^eJi. The Ministry of ForeignAffairs.
HHCTHTYT m. institute
OrpOHTeJibHbiH hhcthtvt. A build-
ing institute. y^HTbcn b hhcthtj'-
Te. To study at an institute. Uo-crynHTb b HHCTHTyT. To enter aninstitute. Hay^HO-HCCJieflOBaTeJib-
ckhh HHCTHTyT. A research insti-
tute.
HHCTPyMEHT m. instrumentXnpyprHHecKHe HHCTpyMeBTbi. Sur-gical instruments. My3biKaJibHbiHHHCTpyMeHT. A musical instrument
.
HHTEJIJIMr£HIJHH no pi. in-
telligentsia
HHTejijmreHHHH CTpanbi. The coun-
try's intelligentsia.
MHTEPfiC m.1. interest. Eojibuioh iraTepec. A
great interest. CJiyuiaTb c hh-
TepecoM. To listen with interest.
2. usu. pi. interests. KJiaccoBbie
HHTepecu. Class interests. 3a-
runmaTb cboh HHTepecH. Todefend one's own interests.
HHT 51 hcii
HHTEPECH|Llfl, -an, -oe, -He, short
form HHTepeceH, HHTepecH|a, -o,
-h; adv t HHTepecHO1. interesting. HHTepecHbiii (Jhjibm.
An interesting film. HnTepecHanKHHra. An interesting book. MliHHTepecno npoBeJin BpeMH.We've had an interesting time.
8to onenb HHTepecHO. It's very
interesting.
2. adv., predic. impers. often trans-
lated by to wonder. HHTepecno,npne^eT jih oh? / wonder wheth-
er he will come.
HHTEPECfOBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
imp. koto? ito? to interest
Ero HHTepecyeT jKHBonncb. He is
interested in painting. Mens HHTe-pecyeT TexHHKa. / am interested in
technology.
HHTEPEC|OBATbCH ,-yiocb, -yemb-
ch, -yioTCH imp. neM? ieM? to
be interested
HHTepecoBaTbca JiHTeparypoH h hc-
KycCTBOM. To be interested in litera-
ture and art.
HCKATb, Hmy, nmemb, ninyr imp. /
p. Han|TH, -fly, -flemb, -#yT
1. koto? hto? to look for. Iic-
KaTb cBoero #pyra. To be look-
ing for one's friend. HcnaTbnJiaTOK. To look for one's hand-
kerchief. Kto nrneT, tot Bcer,n;a
Ha&AeT. Seek and you shall
find.
2. fig. h T o? or ner 6? to lookfor, to seek. HcKaTb pa6oTy. Tolook for a fob. HcKaTb npaBAbi.To seek the truth. HcnaTbc^acTbn. To seek happiness.
HCKJIIOHAITb, -K), -enib, -k>t imp.KOTO? HTO?//). HCKJIIOHlHTb, -y,
-nmb, -aT to expelMCKJIJOHHTb CTy^eHTa H3 HHCTHTy-Ta. To expel a student from the in-
stitute.
HCKJIIOHEHHE neut. exception3to HCKJiio^eHHe H3 npaBHJia. Thisis an exception to the rule. HeTnpaBHJi 6e3 HCKJiiOHeffliH. There are
no rules without exceptions.
<> 3 a HCKJiioqeHneM meun, neefthura Ha CTaAHOHe. Everybody wasat the stadium, except me.
HCKJIIO^flTB see HCKJIIOHATLflCKPEHH|Hfi, -hh, -ee, -ne, short
form ncKpeneH, iicKpeHH|a, -o, -bi;
adv. HCKpeHHe sincere, frankHcKpeHHHH HeJioBeK. A sincere per-
son. HcKpeHHHH OTBeT. A frankanswer. CKaHurre ricKpeHHe. Tell
me frankly.
HCKtCCTBEHH|blH, -an, -oe, -bie
artificial
HcnyccTBeHHoe bojiokho. Artifi-
cial fibre. HcKyccTBeHHtin meJiK.
Artificial silk.
HCK^CCTBO neut.
1. art. H3o6pa3tiTeJibHLie hckvc-CTBa. Imitative arts. HcnyccTBOiiapoAHtix MacTepOB. The art of
folk masters.
2. art. McKyccTBO nrpH na rmape.The art of playing the guitar.
HcKyccTBo uihtbh. The art ofsewing.
HCnOJIHHTB see IICIIOJIH#TbIICnOJIHtflTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
H T O ? / p. HCnOJIHjHTB, -IO, -IIBib, -HT
1. to perform, to play. HcnonmrrbMy3HKaJibHyio nbecy. To play a
musical piece. HciioJiHHTb pojlb.
To play a part.
2. to fulfil. Bbr lie motjiu 6bi nc-
noJiHHTb moio upocL6y? Couldyou comply with my request?
HCnOJIb3|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT
imp. & p. koto? h t o? to makeuse of
Mcn6jib30BaTb cneiniajniCTOB. Tomake use of specialists. HcnoJitso-
BaTb BpeMfl. To make use of one's
time.
HCIIPABHTb see HCTIPABJIJlTbHCIIPABJI#|Tb, -io, -erab, -iot imp.
qxo? / p. iicnpafBHTb, -bjiio, -BHnib,
-bht to correct
McnpaBHTb omnSKy. To correct a
mistake.
HCraTA|TbCH, -iocb, -euibcfl, -iotch
p. k o r 6? Her 6? to be frightened
MajibHiiK ncnyraJiCH. The boy got
frightened. Oh ncnyraJicn, hto HeXBaTHT BpeMenn. He was afraid
that he would not have enough time.
On HcnyraJica rpoMa. He was
afraid of the thunder.
MCllblTAHHE neut. testing
HcnbiTanne Mamta. The testing
of a -machine. HcnbiTainiH aTOMHO-ro opywHH. The testing of an atom-
ic weapon.
HCT 52 KAK
HCTQPflHECK|HH, -an, -oe, -He
1. history. McTopiiHecKHH $aKyjib-t6t. The history department,
2. historical. McropiraecKHe naMflT-
hhkh. Historical monuments.3. historic. licropiFiecKaa #aTa. An
historic date.
ECTOPHH /.
1. no pi. history. Hctophh pa3Bn-BaeTCH no cbohm aaKonaM. Historydevelops according to its own laws.
HcTopiia flpeBHero Mapa. Thehistory of antiquity, McTopHflH3HKa. The history of a lan-
guage,
2, story. Oh vMeer paccKa3HBaTbHHTep^cHHe HCTopmi. He cantell interesting stories.
HCTPATHTb see TPATHTBHCTE3A|Tb, -to, -emh, -iot imp./
p. HCHe3H|yTB, -y, -ems, -yT, past
HCHe3, -Jia, -JIO, -jih
1. to disappear. CaMOJieT iicqe3 bo6JiaKax
?The plane disappeared
in the clouds.
2. to cease. Eojib iic*ie3Jia. Thepain has gone.
HCH£3H|yTf> see HCqE3ATbETAK conj. so
HTaK, pememie npuHHTO. So the
decision has been taken.
EX poss, pran. their, theirs
Hx npefljioweHHe 6hjio npaBiutb-hlim. Their proposal was right. Stsl
KOMnaTa hx. This room is theirs.
HlOJIb m., no pi. JulyB HioJie y CTy^eHTOB KaHMKyjiti.
The students have their holidays in
July. Cero^HH 25 hiojih. Today is
the 25th of July. Oh npneji;eT 28-roHioJifl. He will come on July 28.
MJ&Uh m., no pi. JuneB HEOHe CTVfleHTBI C^aiOT 3K3aMeHBI.Students take their exams in June.
K, K
K (KO) prep. +dat.1. to, up to. IloflOHTn k ;j,0My. To
approach the house. Oh no^oraeji
k TOBapsnjy. He went up to his
friend. H#HTe k #ocKe. Come(go) to the blackboard.
2. to. Oh npnexaji k Apyry. He
came to see his friend. IIpHe3>KaHk HaM! Come and see us!
3. hy. Ha#o dphhth k ceMH nacaMBenepa. You must come by sev-
en o'clock in the evening.4. to. BnepeX k noSe^e! Forward,
to victory!
KAEEHET m.1. study. PadoHHH Ka6nHeT. A
study.
2. :Ka6HHeT Bpa^a. A doctor's con-
sulting-room, a surgery.
KAflPbl no sing, cadresTexHHqecKHe KaflpH. Technicalcadres.
KASKfllBlS, -an, -oe, -He1. every. K3jk£Bih geuh. Every day,
KajKAyio He^eJiK) mh xoahm bTeaTp. We go to the theatre everyweek. floBORim KajK^oe flejio jxo
KOnua. To see every job through.
2. used as n. everyone. 3to k&jk-Abih 3HaeT. Everyone knows that.
KA5KETCH paren. word it seemsOh, KaH<eTCfl, npaB. He seems to
be right. KaTKeTCH, oh 6oji aobo-Jien. He seemed to be pleased.
KA3ATbCH> Kawycb, Ka?KembCH, Ka->kvtch imp / p. H0Ka3aTtCH, nona->nycb, noKajKenrbCH, noKa?KyTCH1 . k e m? *i e m? k a k ij m? to seem.
Topoy MHe noKa3aJiCH 6*reHbKpacuBHM. The town seemed verybeautiful to me.
2. impers;
to seem. Mne KajKCTca,h ycneio BtinojiHHTb pa6oTy. It
seems to me that I shall manageto do the work. Mne noKa3a.?iocb,hto oh yCTajr, He looked verytired to me.
KA3H|flTb, -io, -iimt, -at imp. & p.koto? to executeKa3HHTb npecTyDHHKa . To executea criminal.
KAK1. adv. how. KaK >KHBeTe? How
are you getting on? KaK HflyT#eJia? How are things going? H3Haio, KaK upoexaTB b uenrp. /know how to get to the centre.
KaK bli cKaaajiH? What did yousay?
2. conj. like. Ee rJia3a 6hjih KaKMope. Her eyes were like thesea.
<> KaK 3to hii CTpamio... However
KAK 53 KAP
strange it may seem... H *iyBCT ~
Byro ce5a 3Aecb, kslk flOMa. /
feel at home here.
KAK-HHByjJB adv. somehowHa#o KaK-Hn6yA^ noMOHb eMy. Wemust help him somehow,
KAKjOfl, -an, -6e, -ne
1. what. KaKaa ceroAHH noro^a?What is the weather like today?
Kanyio My3HKy bh JiroSirre?
What sort of music do you like?
KaKoe ceroAHH hhcjio? What is
the date today? KaKOH ceroAHHAenb ne^eJiH? What day of the
week is today? Kanwe ihbgth bbi
xothtg KyniiTb? What flowers doyou want to buy?
2. what (a). Kanon xoponraii AenblWhat a fine day! Kanan Kpaco-Ta! What beauty!
KAK|0fl (-an, -6e, -ne) -HHByflB anyflaHTe mho KaKyio-nn6yAb KHiiry.
Give me any book.
KAK|(3fi (-an, -6e, -rie)-TO someBae cnpamiiBaeT KaKon-TO mvjkhh-Ha. A man is asking for you.
KAK-TO adv. somehow, somewhatTo, hto tli cKa3aji, nan-To hchcho.What you said is somehow not
clear,
KAJIEHflAP|b m.%
gen. -A calendarHacTOJiBHHH KaJien^apB. A deskcalendar. Otphbk<5h KaJieHAapb. Atear-off calendar.
KAMEHH|LIS, -an, -oe, -Lie stone
1. KaMeHHMH rom. A stone house.
2. fig. KaMeHHoe cepAAe. A heart
of stone.
KaMenobiii yrojib. Coal.
KAM|EHB m., gen. -hh stone
BojibmoH KaMeHb. A large stone.
BpdcsTb KaMeHb. To throw a stone.
flparoijeHHbie ksImhh. Preciousstones.
<> HaniJia Koea na KaMeHb (prov-
erb). Gf. Diamond cut diamond.KAHAJI m. canal
OpocHTeJibHHH Kanaji. An irrigation
canal. ExaTb no KanaJiy. To sail
along a canal.
KAHflHflAT m.1. candidate. KanAnxaT b AenyTaTbi
BepxoBHoro CoBeTa. A candidateto the Supreme Soviet.
2. candidate. KaHAHAaT nayK. Mas-ter of science.
KAHfiKyJIbI no sing, holidays3iJMHne KaHHKyjrw. Winter holidays.
JleTHHe KaHHKyJibi. Summer hol-
idays. Bo speMH KanHKyji. Dur-ing the holidays. B KamiKyjibi ohOTAtixaeT. He has a rest during his
holidays.
KAI1HTAJI£I3M m. capitalismKAnHTAJIHCTflHECKlHS, -an, -oe,
-ne capitalist
Kan iita ji iicthhecknil CTpoti. Thecapitalist system.
KAIIHTAH m. captainKannxaH A^^sero njiaBamin. Asea-going captain. KannxaH $yx-Gojibhoh KOMaHAti. The captain of
a football team.K£n|JIH /., gen. pi. -ejib
1. drop. KanAfl jkiiakoctii. A drop
of a liquid. KanJin ao^A^- Araindrop.
2. no sing, drops. Kynnxb nanjinb anTene. To buy some drops at
a chemist's.
KAn^CTA no pi. cabbageKiiJiorpaMM nanycTH. A kilogrammeof cabbage.
<> KiiCJiafl KanycTa. Sauerkraut.
I^BeTBaa KanycTa. Cauliflower.
KAPAH#Am m., gen. -a pencil
E[EeTHLie KapaHAamir. Coloured pen-
cils. PncoBaTb KapaHAamoM. To drawwith a pencil.
KAPMAH m. pocketBbrayTh nJiaTOK 113 napMana. Totake one's handkerchief out of
one's pocket. IIoJio?KHTb rqkbtji b
KapMan. To put money in one's
pocket.
<> Oh 3a cjiobom b KapaiaH He no-jie3eT. He has a ready tongue.
KAPTA ./.
1. map. IIoAHTikecKafl KapTa mh-pa. A political map of the world.
2. card. MrpaTb b KapTbi. To play
cards.
KAPTflHA /.
1. picture. npeKpacnan KapTima.A beautiful picture. XyAO/KHHKnraieT KapTiray. The artist is
painting a picture.
2. fig. scene. KapTihra npnpoAbi.A scene of nature.
KAPTO<DEJIb m., no pi. (colloq. Kap-
TomKa) potatoes
KAC 54 KJIA
KACA|TI>CH, -iocb, -einbCfi, -iotcji
imp. koto? nerd?//). KOcn|yTb-ch, -yet,. -embcH, -yxca1. to touch. KocnyTBCH 3eMJiH py-
koh. To touch the ground withthe hand.
2. fig. to touch upon, to concern.
floKJia^qnK KocHyjicH Bonpoca o
noJio?KeHHH B CTpane. The speak-er touched upon the situation in
the country. 3xo msh.k He Kaca-exca. That doesn't concern me.
KACCA /. cash-deskIIJiaTHTb fteiibrn b Kaccy. To pay the
money at the cash-desk.
<> C6eperaTejii>iiaK Kacca. Savingsbank.
KACTPIOJIH /, saucepanKATA|TJbCH, -iocb, -erabcn, -ioxch
imp. na q&M?: Kaxaxbca na jiou;-
Ke. To go boating. Kaxaxbca naJiiiwax, To go skiing. KaxaTbcn naKOHBKax. To go skating.
<> JlioOmnb Ka-raTbCfl — jiioGh hcaaoqiifi BosiiTb (proverb). Gf. Nosweet without some sweat.
KA^ECTBO neut. qualityKanecTBO pa66xbi. The quality ofwork. npo^yKiniH BLicoKoro Ka^eCT-
High-quality output.
KAMA /. porridgeMaHHan Kama. Semolina pudding.Tpe^iHeBaH Kama. Buckwheat por-ridge.
KAIII|EJIb m., gen. ~nx coughy MeHH cifJibHLiii KaraeJib. / havea bad cough.
KA1HJI/IITB, -io, -enib, -iot to coughBoJibHoii cixjibHo KanumeT. Thesick man coughs badly.
KBAAPATH -an, -oe, -tie squareKBaApaxnan KOMnaTa. A squareroom.
KBAPTAJI m.1. block, district. Hoblih ropojicKOH
KBapxaJi. A new city district,
2. quarter. B TpeTLeai KBapxaJieaxoro ro#a 6pHra#a pa66xajiaOTJIOTHO. In the third quarter ofthis year the brigade worked verywell.
KBAPTflPA /. flat
TpexKOMHaxuaH KBapTHpa. A three-
room flat.
KHJIOrPAMM m. kilogrammeIIhxb KiuiorpaMMOB caxapa. Five
kilogrammes of sugar. KiiJiorpaMMMflca. A kilogramme of meat.
KHJIOMETP m. kilometreGkojibko KHJiOMexpoB AO ropo/ia?
How .many kilometres is it to the
town?
.
KHHO neut., indecl.
1. cinema, ycnexii kiiho. The suc-
cess of the cinema.
2. colloq. film. CMOTpeTb khho.To see a film. Tbi CMOTpefl3T0 kiiho? Have you seen this
film?3. colloq. cinema. H#xh b khho. To
go to the cinema.KHHOTEATP m. picture palace, cin-
emaB MoCKBe MHoro KHHOTeaTpoB? Arethere many cinemas in Moscow?
KITIICKDflJIhM m. see (DHJIBMKHOCK m. kiosk, news-stand
TaseTHbiH khock. A news-stand.
KyniiTb jKypnaji b KHOCKe. To buya magazine at a news-stand,
KHH|ETf>, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. ~ht, -jit imp. to boil
Bo^a khhht. The water is boiling.
Mojioko khhht. The milk is boiling.
KHPIIfl 1! m.tgen. -a brick
KfiCJIIMK, -an, -oe, -He, short formKiiceji, KHCJia, khcji|o, -h; adv.
khcjio sourKucjioe h6jioko, A sour apple.
<> KncJiaa KanycTa. Sauerkraut.
KJIACC1 m. class
PaSo^HH KJiacc. The working class.
KJIACC2 m.f
1. grade. y^HTbca b nepBOM KJiac-
ce. To be in (to be a pupil in)
the first grade.
2. classroom. B nameM KJiacce
o^enb ^hcto. Our classroom is
very clean.
3. class. Ham KJiacc onenb ApyjK-HbiH. We are all friends in our
KJIACCOBlLlfi, -an, -oe, -bie class
KJiaccoBan 6opb6a. The class strug-
gle. KjiaccoBbie npoTHBopeHHS.Class contradictions. , .
KJIACTB, KJiaAly, -emb, -yx, past
KJiaji, KJiaJi|a, -o, -h imp. koto?^to? na "5 x 6?/ p. noJiojKnTb, no-
JiojKy, noJioJKHtnb, HOJioJKaT to
place, to putKjiacxb Kunry na cxoji. To put the
KJIE 55 K0J1
book on the table. IIojiojkhtb caxapB nan. To put sugar in the tea,
<> IIojio>KHTh Ha^aJio EOBOiny ae-jiy. To lay the foundation for some-thing new.
KJIET|KA /., gen. pi. -ok1. cage. KynnTb KJieTKy a#h hthh;.
To buy a bird cage.
2. squared, check. TeTpaAb b KJieT-
Ky. A squared copy-book, MaTe-paaJi b KJieTKy. Check material.
3. cell.
<> Tpy^Hafl KJieTKa. The thorax.
KJlflMAT m. climateMopcKos KJiMMaT. A maritime cli-
mate. Mhfkhh KJIHM3T. A mildclimate.
KJiyB to. clubPa6oHHH KJiy6. A workers' club. BKJiy6e ceroAHH Tannbi. There is adance at the club today.
KJIK) 1! to., gen. -a
1. key. Oh noTepaji kjiio^ ot KBap-THpH. He has lost the key to his
flat. 3anepeTb A^epb Ha KJiKra.
To lock the door.
2. fig. clue
KHflrA /. bookHhtkitb KH^ry. To read a book.
KHfl5K|KA gen. pi. -eK dim. ofKHnra book.fleTCKaa KHHJKKa. A children'sbook.
<> 3anncHaH KHHJKKa. Note-book.KHftHHiblH, -an, -oe, -tie book
KmhKHaH uoJiKa. A bookshelf.
Khhjkhhh BiKa$. A bookcase. Khhjk-hhh Mara3nn. A bookshop.
KOB|EP to., gen. -pa carpetMarKHH KOBep. A soft carpet.
KOrftA adv.
1. wben. Kor^a th npHAemb ao-moh? When will you come home?
2. wben. R anaio, Kor^a oh npn-eABT. / know when he comes. Kor-Aa KOHHnmb padoTy, npnxoflMko MHe. Come and see me whenyou have finished your work.
KOrAA-HHB^flB adv. some dayKorAa-HH6y£b TH BcnoMHHmb 063THX CJiOBax. Some day you will
remember these words.KOr#A-TO adv. some time ago
H 6hji TaM KOr^a-TO. / was there
some time ago.
K05KA /.
1. skin. Ko5Ka Jinna. The skin of the
face. L[BeT kojkh. Complexion.2. leather. HeMOftaH H3 ko?kh. A
leather suitcase.
K05KAH|f>Ifi, -an, -oe, -He leatherKojKaHHir ^eMOA^H. A leather suit-
case. KoJKanoe KpecJio. A leather
arm-chair. KoJKanne Ty$Jin. Leath-er shoes.
KOJIBACA /. (luncheon) sausageKonnenaH K0Ji6aca. Smoked sausage.
Bapenaa KOJi6aca. Boiled sau-
sage. ByTep6poA c KOJiSacofi. Asausage sandwich.
KOJIEEATBCH, KOJie6Ji|iocb, -enibca,
-iotch imp.1. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to
tremble. JIhctbh A^peBBeB KOJie6-
jihdtch ot BeTpa. The leaves ofthe trees are trembling in the
wind.
2. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to
fluctuate. t(eHH na puHKe KOJie6-
jiiotch. The prices on the marketfluctuate.
3. to hesitate. KoJie6aTbca b oueH-Ke nejioBeKa. To hesitate in as-
sessing a person.KOJl£H|0 neut.
t pi. -h kneesnocaAHTb peoeHKa na KOJienn. Toput a child on one's lap, MaJib^HKcha6ji na KOJieHHX y MaTepH. Theboy was on his mother's lap. OoHTbHa KOJieHHX. To be kneeling
KOJIEC<3 neut.t pi. KOJieca wheel
KoJieco MamnHH. A wheel of amachine.
KOJIK^ECTBO neut. quantityKoJitfaecTBO boah b 6accelHe. Thequantity of water in a swimming-pool,
KOJIJIEKTflB to. collective body$pyjKHHH KOJiJieKTi'iB. A unitedcollective. KoJiJieKTHB $a6pHKH.The collective of a factory.
KOJIJIEKTflBHlblE, -aa, -oe, -Hecollective
KoJiJieKTHBHHH AOroBop. A collec-
tive agreement. KoJiJieKTHBHoe xo~3HHCTB0. A collective farm.
KOJIOHHAJIJbH|BlS, -an, -oe, -HecolonialKoJioHnaJibHHH pejKHM. A colonial
regime. KoJionnajibnaa noJiHTHKa.A colonial policy.
K0J1 56 KOH
KOJIOHHH /. colonyHapoAH kojiohhh. The peoples ofthe colonies.
KOJIOHHA /.
1. column. 3aji c 66jihmh kojioh-
naMH. A hall with white columns.2. column. KoJionna cnopTCMenoB.A column of sportsmen.
KOJIX03 m. collective farmIlepeAOBOH: K0JIX03. A foremostcollective farm, Pa6oTaTb b koji-
X03e. To work on a collective farm.KOJIX03HHK m. collective farmer
Kojixo3hhkh y6iipaioT . ypojKan.The collective farmers are gather-
ing in the harvest.
KOJIX03H|BlK, -an, -oe, -Lie of a
collective farmKoJixosnaH c66cTBeHH0CTB. Collec-
tive-farm property.
KOJIBI^O neut., pi. KOJibiKi, KOJien,
KOJiMiaM, etc.
1. ring. 3ojiOToe kojilho. A goldring.
2\ circle. Exan> no KOJibny. To goon a train servicing the Circle
Line (in the Moscow undergroundrailway).
KOMAHflA /. teamOyTSoJibHan KOMaH^a. A football
team.
KOMAH^flP m. commanderKoMannnp noJiKa. A regiment com-mander. KoMaH^np napTH3ancKoro
- OTpnfta. The commander of a guer-rilla detachment.
KOMAHfflOBATfc, -yio, -yemb, -yroTimp. k e m? ieM? to commandKoMah^oBaT b apMiieii. To commandan army.
KOMBASH m. combineyroJibHHH K0M6aiiH. A coal miningcombine.
KOMBHHAT m. mill, plantOh pa66xaeT Ha 6yMa?KHOM kom6h-HaVe. He works at a paper mill.
KoM5aHaT SbiTOBoro o6c;iy>Kii-
BaHHH. A personal service establish-
ment,KOMflCCHH /. commission
ripneMHaa komhcchh. A selection
commission, H36npaTeJiBHaH ko-mhcchh. An election commission.
KOMHTET m. committeeL(eHTpaJILHHH KOMHTeT KoMMVHHC-TtmecKOH napniH CoBeTCKoro Cok>
3a. The Central Committee of the
Communist Party, of the Soviet
Union. HcnojiHHTeJibBbiH komhtct.An executive committee.
KOMMy'Hfl3M m.; no pi. commu-nismCTpoHTb K0MMyHH3M. To build com-munism.'
KOMMyHflCT. m. CommunistGoios^'KOMMyHHCTOB. The Union ofCommunists. IlapTHH kommvhhctob.A Communist Party.
KOMMyHlICTll4ECK [II II , -an, -oe,
-lie
1. communist. KoMMyHHCTifaecKaanapTHH GoBeTCKoro Go 163a. TheCommunist Party
, of the Soviet
Union.2. communist. Bpnrana kommvhhc-
TiiHecKoro Tpy^a. A brigade of
Communist Labour.KOMHATA /. .room
HoBan KoMHaTa. A new room. Gb6t-Jiaa KOMHaTa. A bright room. BKOMHaTe xenjio. It is warm in the
room.
KOMII03HTOP m. composerH3BeCTHbIH K0MH03HT0P- A well-
known composer.KOMCOMOJI m. the Young Com-
munist LeagueKOMCOMOIJIEI3; m.
fgen. -ji&na Young
Communist LeaguerAkthbhlih KOMCOMOJieu;. An active
Young Communist Leaguer. HaCTpoHKax paSoTaeT MHoro komco-MOJibneB, Many Young CommunistLeaguers work at the construction
KOMCOMOJIBCKIHS, -an, -oe, -ite
Young Communist LeagueKomcomojibckhh 6hji6t. A YoungCommunist League (membership)card. KoMCOMOJibCKoe coSpamie. AY.C.L. meeting,
KOHBEPT m. envelopeKyniiTb KOHBepT. To buy an enve-
lope, SaKJienTb KOHBepT. To seal anenvelope.
KOH|EI}; rn.tgen. -n,a end
Koneri khhfh. The end of the book.
<> B KOHo;e kohd;6b. At last, at
the end. IIojio>KHTb Konen; qeaiy-
jih6o. To put an end to something.
CBOflHTb KOHObl C KOHH,aMH. Tamake both ends meet.
KOH 57 KOC
KOHfcHHO [-nra-]
1. paren. word certainly. Tbi, ko-
He^HO, 3Haerab 06 stom. You cer-
tainly know that.
2. particle of course. Tbi noHAembb khho? — Kone^HoI "Will yougo to the cinema?" "
'Of course!"
KOHCfiPBlBI pi., no sing., gen. -ob
food preserves
OBoniHHe KOHCepBH. Canned vege-
tables. MncHbie KOncepBH. Cannedmeat. pLi6HH.e KOHcepBH. Cannedfish.
KOHCTHTyipiH /. constitution
KOHTPOJIBH|BlK, -an, -oe, -He con-
trol, test
rincaTb KOHTpoJibiiyio pa66Ty. Towrite a test-paper.
KOH<DETA /. sweetEIoKOJiaAHas KOH<f>eTa. A chocolate.
IIhtbcot rpaMMOB KOH<j>eT. Five
hundred grammes of sweets.
KOHIJEPT m.1. concert. Konn,epT necnn h miac-
KH. A concert of songs anddances. Konn;epT xy#6?KecT-
BeHHOH caMo/^eHTejibhocth . Anamateur performers 1
concert.
2. concerto. KoHnipT #jih cKpimKHc opneCTpOM. A concerto for
violin and orchestra.
KOH^£|TB, -10, -emb, -iot imp.q to? &-]~inf. / p. kohhIhtb, -y,
-Hmb, -ax
1. to finish. Koh^htb 6eceAy. Tofinish a conversation. IIeBHn;a
KOH^HJia ne/rb^ -^he singer fin-
ished singing.
2. to finish, to graduate. KohhhtbrtiKOJiy, To finish school. Koh-qiiTb yHHBepCHTeT. To graduate
from the University.
KOHHAjTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers.. not
used, 3rd pers.. : ~eTCH., -iotca: imp. /.
p.- kohh|htbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd. pers. -etch, -aTCH to
end i; v
KoHr^epr KOH^aeTCH b 10 ^acoB Be-
Hepa. The concert ends at 10o'clock in the evening.
K6HHMTB see KOHHATBKOHHHTBCH see KOHHATBCHKOHB m,, gen. kohjt; pi. kohh, ko-
Hea, kohhm, etc. horse
ExaTb na KOHe. To ride on horse-
back.
KOHBKfl pi., sing. kohSk m., gen.
KOHbKa skatesBeroBHe kohbkij. Racing skates.
KaTaTbca na KOHbnax. To skate.
KOnE|SKA /., gen. pi. -eK copeck(the smallest Russian coin, 1/100 ofa rouble).
O^na KonenKa. One copeck. JJseKoneHKH. Two copecks. IlHTh ko-
neeK. Five copecks.
KOPABJI|B m.tgen. -h ship
BoeHHHH K0pa6Jib. A warship.
KOPIEHB m., gen. -hh1. root. Kopenb pacTeHHfi. The
root of a plant.
2. root. Kopenb cJioBa. The root
of a word.
3. root. H3BJie^b KBaspaTHHH Ko-penb E3 ^ncjia. To extract the
square root of a number.
<> CaioTpeTb b Kopenb. To get at
the root (of something),
KOPHflOP m. corridor, passage
KOPflHHEBlBlH, -an, -oe, -He hrownKOPMfiTB, KOpMJItO, KOpMHHIb, nop-
mht imp. koto? qeM? / p. na-
KOPMHTB, HaKOpMJIIO, HaKOpMHmb,HaKopMfiT to feed
MaTb kopmht peSemta cynoM. Themother gives soup to her child.
KGP<3E|KA /., gen. pi. -ok boxKop66Ka cnn^eK. A box of matches.
KopoSna KOH$eT. A box of sweets.
KOPOBA /. cowB KOJixo3e MHoro KopoB. The col-
lective farm has many cows.
KOPOJISB m„ gen. ri kingKOPOTKjHH, -afl, -oe, -He, short form
KopOTOK, KOpOTKa, KOpOTK|0, -H",
adv. KOpOTKO ;comp. Kopo^e short
1. Short, KopoTKHH HHflHCaK. Ashort coat._
rKopoTKan KypTKa. A
short jacket. ;••
2. short, KoppTKHH cpoK. A short
. time. KppoTKEtsi pa3rOBop. Ashort conversation. KopoTKO ot-
BeTHTB. To answer briefly.
3. only short form too short. K)oKaen KopoTKa. The skirt is too short
for. her.
KOCMflHECKjHfij -an, -oe, -He cos-
. mic^*spaceKocMtraeCKoe npocTpancTBo. Space.
KqcMHqecKHii Kopa6nb, A space-
ship. KocMEraecKne nywk. Cosmicrays.
KOC 58 KPE
KOCMOHABT m. cosmonautKOCMOC m. cosmos, space
M3yHeniie KocMOca. Studyingspace. IIoJieTBi b kocmoc. Spaceflights,
KOCHYTbCH see KACATBCHKOCT|b /., gen. pi. -eii bone
IlepeJioM kocth. A fracture.
KQCTIOM m. suit, costumeGnopTHBHHH koctiom. A sports cos-
tume. KynHTb koctiom. To buy a
suit.
KOTJIETA /. cutlet, rissole
MncHHe kotjicth. Meat cutlets (ris-
soles). 2Kapim> KOTJieTH. To frycutlets.
KOTOPIBIS, -a#, -oe, -He1. who, which. H 3Haio TOBapmiia,
KOTopHH npnexaji H3 JleHHH-
rpafla. / know the comrade whocame from Leningrad.
2. what, which. Kotophh nac?What time is it? Ffle KHiira, ko-
Topyio Tbi o6euiaJi? Where is the
booh which you promised?KO<DE m. t
indecl., no pi.
1. coffee. nJiaHTannn Ko$e, A cof-
fee plantation.
2. coffee. IIhtb ^epHHH Ko$e. Todrink black coffee. K6$e c mo-jiokom. White coffee.
KOmiKA /., gen. pi. -en cat
Hepnan KomKa. A black cat.
KPAfi m., prepos. o upae & b npaio,
Ha Kpaio; pi. Kpasi
1. edge. Ha Kpaio CTOJia. On the
edge of the table.
2. land. Pojihoh Kpafi. The native
land. TenJiHe Kpaa. Warm lands.
3. territory. CTaBponotf&CKHH Kpafi.
Stavropol territory.
KPAH rn.
v l. tap. BoAonpoBoAHHH Kpan. Awater tap. OTKpoH Kpan. Turnthe tap on.
2. crane. IIofl'LeMHHH KpaH. A crane.
KPACflB|I>lfi, -an, -oe, -He, short
form KpacuB, -a, -o, -h; adv. Kpa-chbo beautiful; handsomeKpaciiBan fleBymKa. A beautiful
girl. KpacuBan MecTHocTb. Beauti-
ful country. BoKpyr 6*ieHb Kpacu-bo. Everything around is very beau-
tiful.
KPA|CHTB, -my, -ciimb, -cat imp.xi t o? / p. noKpa|cHTB, -my, -csnib,
-cht to paint
KpaciiTb noji. To paint the floor.
KPAQKA /., gen. pi. -ok paintToJiy6aH KpacKa. Blue paint.
KPACHEjTb, -jo, -emb, -iot imp. j
p. noKpacnelTb, -10, -emb, -iot toturn red; to blush, to flush
HSjiokii noKpacneJiH. The applesturned red. KpacneTb ot CTHfla. Toblush with shame.
KPACHjblii, -an, -oe, -He, short formKpacen, npacna, KpacH|o, -h redKpacHLin Kapan^am. A red pencil.
<> Kpaeaa« nJioma^b. Red Square.
KPA|CTb, -fly, -flemb, -flyT, past npaji,
-a, -o, -b. imp. ito? y koto?/p. ynpa|CTb, -fly, -flerab, -fl^T, past
ynpaji, -a, -o, -k to steal
Oh ynpaJi y hhx fleHbrn. He stole
money from them.
KPATK|Hli, -an, -oe, -He, short formKpaTOK, Kparaa, KpaTK|o, -h; adv.
KpaTKO short, brief, conciseKpaTKHH flOKJiafl. A brief report.
KpaTKHH cjioBapb. A concise dic-
tionary. H 6yfly KpaTOK. Vll be
brief.
KPEMJI|& m.t gen. -h the citadel of
an old Russian townMockobckhh KpeMJib. The MoscowKremlin.
KP£lIK|Hft, -an, -oe, -He, short formKpenoK, Kpenna, KpenK|o, -h;
adv. KpenKo; comp. Kpenne1. hard. KpenKHH opex. Hard nut.
2. strong. KperiKHH opraHH3M. Astrong organism.
3. strong. KpenKoe bhho. Strongwine. KpenKHH nan. Strong tea.
KpenKHH coh. A sound sleep.
KpenKo cnaTb. To sleep soundly.
KPEnHlYTB, -y, -emb, -yT, past
Kpen, -Jia, -jio, -jih imp.jp. OKpen-n|yTb, -y, -emb, -yT, past 0Kp6n,-jra, -jio, -jih to grow stronger
PeSeHOK onpen. The child grewstronger. KpenneT flpy?K6a Meatfly
CTpanaMH. The friendship between
countries grows stronger.
KPEQJIO neut., gen. pi. -eJi armchairMflTKoe Kpecjio. A soft armchair.
GnfleTb b npecJie. To sit in an arm-chair.
KPE 59 KTO
KPECTbHHMH m., pi. KpecTLHHe,KpecTbHH peasant
KPECTbflHCK|H#, -an, -oe, -He peas-
antKpecTbHHCKan ceMMi. A peasant
family.KPHB|Ofi, -an, --de, -Lie crooked
KpiiBaa jihhhh. A crooked line.
KpHBafl yjrarja. A crooked street.
KPfiKHYTb see KPH^ATBKPHH|ATb, -y, -limb, -aT imp./
p. KpRKHlyTir, -y, -enib, -yT to cry,
to shoutKpn^iaxb ot 66 jih. To cry with
pain. He KpunuTe na Mennl Don'tshout at me!
KPOBATb /. bedflepeB^HHafi KpoBatb. A woodenbed. JlemaTb na KposaTH. To lie
on a bed.
KPOBb /., .no pi., prepos. b KpoBii
bloodOh nope3a:i naJien., noKa3ajiacb
KpOBb. He cut his finger and-, blood
appeared.
<> EopoTi>c/i j\o nocjie^Hefi KaiumKpoBH. To fight to one's last drop
of blood.
KPOME prep. + gen.
1. except. npiraiJin. Bee, KpoMeo^Horo CTy^eHTa. Everybodycame, except one student.
2. besides. KpoMe Meua, npiimJio
eme HecKOJibKO HeJioBeK. A fewpeople came besides myself.
<> Oh xopouio nrpaeT b BOJieii6"6ji,
a Kponie Toro oh Tiemioxofi
maxiviaTHCT. He plays volley-ball
well, besides he is not a bad chess-
player.
Kpyr m., pi -h
1. circle. ILnomaAb npyra. Thearea of a circle.
2. circle. TaHayiorrnie o6pa30BajmmnpoKHH Kpyr. The dancers
formed a large circle.
<> B Kpyry jrpy3eii. Amongfriends. B xecnoM Kpyry. Amongfriends.
KPyrJIfbia, -an, -oet
-Lie, short formKpyrji, KpyrJia, npyrjijo, -h roundKpyrJibiH ctoji. A round table.
KpyrJioe jihd;6. A round face.
<> KpyrjiMH rb#. The whole yearround. Kpyrjibie cvtkh mejiAOJKftb. It rained round the clock.
Kpyrjibm eiipoTa, A complete or-
phan. Kpyrjibiii otjih^uhk. A pu-pil with only excellent marks. Kpyr-jibrii jjypaK. An utter fool.
KPy>K|OK m., gen. -Ka circle, societyJTnTepaTypHbifi KpyjKOK. A litera-
ry society. Kpy?KOK nennn. A sing-
ing group.
KPyilHIblH, -an, -oe, -Lie large
Kpynnoe npe^upHHTiie. A large
enterprise. Kpynnaa npoMLiniJieii-
HOCTb. Large-scale i?idustry.
O Pa3MenaTb KpynHbie aenbrn.To change large bank-notes. Kpyrr-Hbiii pa3ros6p. A serious conver-
sation
KPyT|OlI, -aa, -de, -Lie, short formKpyT, Kpyxa, KpyT|o, -h; adv. npy-TO1. steep. Kpyxaa ropa, A steep
hill.
2. sharp. KpyToft nosopoT Aopdni.A sharp, turn of the road.
3. fig. sharp. KpyTOH. xapaKTep.A sharp temper.
KPblJIO neut., pi. kphjibh wingKptiJio nrnrjbi. The wing of a bird.
Kpmid caMOJieTa. The wing of a
plane.
KPblfflA /. roof
/KeJie3Haa Kptiraa. A metal roof.
KpLima flOMa. The roof of a house.
KPblm|KA /., gen. pi. -en lid
KptimKa HaniiHKa. The teapot (tea-
kettle) lid.
KCTATH adv. .& paren. word by the
way, on the wayKor/xa non^erab b Mara3nn
}KcraTH
3aHflii Ha noHTy. When you go to
the shop, call at the post-office on
the way. KcTaTrr, on yme npnexaji?
By the way, has he already come?KTO pron., gen., acc. kofo [KaBo],
dat. KOMy, instr. kcm, prepos. o komwhoKto npnmeJi? Who has come? KordHex b KJiacce? Who is absent fromthe class? KoMy jxsah KHury? Whomshall [ give the book to? Kord tlx
Tan BHAiimb? Whom do you see
there? KeM tli He^OBOJien? Whomare you displeased with? kom tli
jiyMaenib? Whom are you thinking
about? H 3naio, kto B3HJI mobl cjio-
Bapb. / know who has taken mydictionary.
KTO 60
KTO-HHBy^b pron., gen., acc. koto-nn6yA*> [KaBO-], dat. KOMy-HnSyAB,instr. KeM-Hn6yAb
,prepos. o kom-
Hn6yA*> somebody, anybodyKT6-HH6yffE> npmneji? Has anybodycome? CKaJKH KOMy-HH6yA*> 06 stom.Tell somebody about that.
KTO-TO pron., gen., acc. koto-to [na-
b6-], dat. KOMy-TO, instr. kom-to,prepos. kom-to somebodyKto-to BoraeJi b KonnaTy, ho ohHe BHAeJi, kto. Somebody entered
the room but he could not see whoit was.
KY/fA adv. whereKyAa tbi HAemb? Where are yougoing? H&ao pemHTS, KyAa mhnoeAeM JieTOM. We must decide wherewe shall go in the summer.
KyflA-HHE^b adv. somewhereIIojiojkh khhth KyAa-Hii6yAfc hnoHAeM. Put the books somewhereand let's go.
Ky#A-TO adv. somewhereh KyAa-To noJio^KiiJi cbo/i khuth./ put my books somewhere. Oh Ky-Aa-TO ymeJi. He has gone some-
where.
KyjlAK m., gen. -a fist^
YAapnTB KyjiaKOM no cTOJiy. Tostrike the table with one's fist.
KyJIBT^PA /.
1. culture. Hctophh KyJiBTypn.The history of culture. ^eaxeJiBKyJibTypH. A
.cultural worker.
2. crop. 3epH0BHe KyjnvrypBi. Ce-
real crops. TexmraecKiie KyJib-
TypBi. Technical crops.
3. culture. ^ieJioBeK 6oJiBm6ii KyjiB-
TypH. A man of great culture.
4. : KyJibTypa npon3BOACTBa. Stan-dard of production.
KyJIBT^PHlblS, -an, -oe;
-Lie, short
form KyJiBTypen, KyJibTypn|a, -o, -bi
1. cultured. KyjibTypHHH iieJioseK.
A cultured man. Onu HeAoCTa-tohho KyjiBTypHBi. They are not
cultured enough.
2. only complete form cultural.
KyJiBTypHBie cbhsh. Cultural re-
lations.
KynA|TbCH, -10CB, -eniBca, -iotch
imp, to batheKynaTBCH b Mope. To bathe in the
sea.
KynSTB see noKynATb
1KypK), KypnmB, KypHT imp.
h t o?/ p. noKypiiTB, noKypio, no-Kypnm&, noKypnT to smokeKypnTB naniipocBi. To smoke ciga-
rettes. Bbi KypHTe? Do you smoke?Kypnxe, no>KajiyncTa. Have a
cigarette, please.
KyPHIJA /., pi. KypH1. hen. BeJiaa Kypnna. A white
hen.
2. chicken. JKapeHaa Kypnua.Roast chicken. Gyn c Kypiiueii.
Chicken soup.
KyPG m.1. course, series. KpaTKHH Kypc
HCTOpHH. A short history course.
IIpocjiyinaTB Kypc JieKiinn noJiHTepaType. To listen to a se-
ries of lectures on literature.
2. year of study. CxyAeHT BTOporoKypca. A second-year student. Ohy^HTCH Ha TpeTBeM Kypce. He is
in his third year. BTopon KypcsaHHMaeTCH b ayAHTopiiH HOMep5. The second year students are in
room No. 5.
O Bbitb b Kypce, To be in the
know.KyC|0K m., gen. -Ka piece
Boabhioh KycoK cBipa. A large
piece of cheese. KycoK xjie6a. A piece
of bread. KycoK caxapa. A lumpof sugar.
KyCT m., gen. -a bushIIpHTaTBCH b Kyerax, To hide in
the bushes.
KSX\UfL /., gen. pi. -ohb kitchenTotobhtb o6ca Ha.Kyxne. To cook
dinner in the kitchen.
K"yiIIA|Tb, -10 (1st pers. rarely used),
-enib, -10T imp. q t 0? / p. noKy-ma|Tb
t -10, -enib, -iot to eat
KymaHTe, noj-isajiyiiCTa. Help your-
self.
JI, ji
JlATEP|b m., pi. -h campIlnonepCKHH JiarepB. A Young Pio-
neers' camp. TypncTHHecKHH jia-
repB. A tourist camp.JlA^HO particle colloq. all right
Mbi cerOAHH noa^eM b khho? —JIaflHO.
"Shall we go to the pictures
today?" "All right."
JIAM 61 JIEC
JIAMIIA /. lamp; light
SjieKTpirqecKan JiaMna. An electric
lamp. HacTOJibnaH JiaMna. A desk
lamp. JiaMna b 40 BaTT. A 40-wattlamp. JiaMna na 127 bojibx. A127-volt bulb.
JIACKOB|BI0, -an, -oe, -He, short
form JiacKOB, -a, -o, -h; adv. aac-
kobo1. affectionate, kind. JlacKOBan
MaxB. An affectionate mother.
JTacKOBHH B3rJiHfl;. A kind look.
JIacKOBoe Jiimo. A kind face.
JIacKOBO yjm6axBCH. To smile
affectionately.
2. fig. gentle. JIacKOBHH Bexep.
A gentle wind. JIacKOBoe cojih-
n;e. A caressing sun.
<> JIacKOBoe cjiobo, hto ueceHimuAenb (proverb). An endearing wordis like a spring day.
JIEBJBIH, -an, -oe, -tie left
JleBafl pyna. The left hand (arm).JleBaa nora. The left foot (leg).
Moh rom Ha JieBon cTopone yjrnnjbi.
My house is on the left side of the
street. _JIErK|HM, -aa, -oe, -ne [-xk-], short
form jieroK, Jiernja, -d, -n; adv.
JierKo; comp. jier^e
1. light. JlerKaa cyMKa. A light bag.
2. easy. Jlernafi pa66xa. Easywork. Jlernan 3a£aHa. An easytask. 3xy 3aAany a JierKo pe-
mHJi. / solved that task easily.
3. slight. Jlernnii Mopoa. A slight
frost.
4. easy. Jler-KHH xapaitTep. An easytemper.
<> JlerKaa npoMbiinjieiiHOCTb. Lightindustry. JlerKan My3WKa. Lightmusic, y Hero JierKo na j^yme(predic. impers.). He feels light-
hearted,
JIE TKOMIjICJIEHH| Bill, -an, -oe, -He
1. light-headed. JlerKOMHCJiennbifineJiOBeK. A light-headed person.
2. light-headed. JlerKOMHCJiemiHHnocxynoK. A light-headed action.
JIEH m. 7 gen. JiBRa ice
XopomiiH Jie% na KaTKe. Good ice
on the skating-rink. BaJiex na Jit^y.
Ice-ballet.
JIE#JIH|OM, -an, -oe, -Lie
1. ice. JleAHHaa Ropo>KKa. An ice
track.
2. fig. icy. JleAJinou bsfjihji. Anicy look. Oh CKa3a.Ji 3xo JieRH-
hmm tohom. He said that icily.
JIEJKJATB, -y, -nnib, -ax imp. r#e?1. to lie, to be. JlemaxB na RHBaHe,
To lie on a divan. Khhfh JientaT
Ha CTOJie. The books are on the
table.
2. to lie, to be ill. JlensaTB b no-
CTeJin. To lie in bed. Moh xoBa-pnm; y>Ke 2 Mecnua jicjkhx b 6gjib-
Hnne. My friend has alreadybeen in hospital for two months.
<> y aero cepnije ne JieJKHT k6toh paSoxe. He has a distaste for
this work.JIE3|TE>, -y, -eniB, -yx, past Jie3, -Jia,
-jio, -jih imp. Ky/i;a?1. to climb. JIe3TB Ha Repeso. To
climb a tree. JIe3xi> na ropy. Toclimb a mountain.
2. to get. JIe3TB b BORy. To get
into the water.
3. : JIe3TB b KapMae. To put one's
hand into one's pocket.
<> JIe3TB iie b cBoe ReJio (colloq.).
Cf. To poke one's nore into other
people's affairs. He Jie3Tb 3a cjio-
bom b Kapnan. To have a readytongue.
JIEKAPCTBO neut. medicineFopBKoe JienapcTBo. A bitter medi-
cine. IIpiiHHMaTB JienapcTBo. Totake medicine. JleicapcxBO ot na-
uiJifl. Cough medicine.
JIEKIJHH /. lecture
MHTepecnafl JieKUHfl. An interesting
lecture. JleKUHH no MaxeMaxnne.A lecture on mathematics. ^nxaTb(cJiymaxB) jieKinin. To deliver (to
listen to) lectures. Ha JieKnjiH 6bijio
MHoro napoffa. There were manypeople at_ the lecture.
JIEHflB|BIH, -an, -oe, -He, short form
jieHHB, -a, -o, -h; adv. JienwBo lazy
JlemfBHH cxyRenx. A lazy student.
JleHHBO pa66xaxb, To work lazily.
JIEHTA /, ribbonToJiy6aH Jienxa. A pale blue ribbon.
JIEC ?n., prepos. o Jiece & b Jiecy; pi.
jieca wood, forest
FycTOK Jiec. A dense forest. MhROJiro ryjiHJin no ocenneMy Jiecy.
We walked in the autumn forest
for a long time. Ha xeppiixopHH
CGCP ecxb n jmcxBeHHHe n XBonntie
JIEC 62 mux
jieca. There are deciduous andconiferous forests on the territory ofthe USSR,
JlECTHHIJA /• staircase
IHnpoKafl JieCTHHija. A broad stair-
case. IIoftHaTbCH no JiecTnnne. Togo up the stairs. 3Ta JiecraiiHa
Bep$T Ha Bxopoii 3Ta?K. This stair-
case leads to the first floor.
JIETA|TB, -io, -emi>, -iot imp. to fly
XIt0d;h JieTaiOT. Birds fly. CaMOJie-
TH H3 MoCKBil JieTaiOT B JlenimrpaAkeukahh jxQBh. Planes fly from Mos-cow to Leningrad every day.
JIE|TETb, -ny, -Ti'raib, -tat imp. to
fly
1. to fiy. 3tot caMOJieT JieTHT bMocKBy. That plane is flying to
Moscow. IIthhh jigtht na ior.
The birds are flying to the south.
2. fig. to fly, BLiCTpo jigtht Bpe-Mfl, Time flies.
JIETH|M7 -an, -ee
f-lie
1. summer. JleTHiiii geuh. A sum-mer day.
2. summer. JleTHee njiaTbe, naiib-
to. A summer dress, overcoat.
3. summer. Jlerane KaHiiKyjiH.Summer holidays.
JIETO neut., no pi. summer/KapKoe cyxoe JieTo. A dry hot
summer. IIpOBeCTH jieTO na Mope,na Rtme. To spend the summer at
the seaside, in the country.
JIETOM adv. in summerJ16tom h OTftLixaio na Mope, fnsummer I rest at the seaside.
JIETHHK m. flyer
no^Biire JieTHHKa MapecteBa3naeT Beet MHp. The whole worldknows about the flyer Maresyev'
s
feat.
JIEHfiTB, Jieny, JHknmb, JienaT imp.koto? hto? ot nerd? h cm?/p. BHJieHjiiTB, -y, iimb, -aT to
treat
Bpa TJ JieniiT 6oJiLHoro ot rpimna.The doctor is treating the patient for
the 'flu.
JIE^B see JIOJKKTBCHJIH particle whether
He xoTHTe jih bli hojhth b TeaTp?Don't you want to go to the theatre?
Ectb jih y Bac srra KHnra? Haveyou got that book? Oh cnpociui, (ne)
noiiAy Jin h eeroAHH b 6n6jiHOTeKy.
He asked whether I should go to
the library today.
JIHHEIMKA /., gen. pi. -en1. ruler.
2. line. TeTpaAb b mineiiKy. Aruled copy-book.
JIHHHH /.
1. line. npHMan jihhhh. A straight
line. KpiiBan jihhhh. A curvedline. IlapaJiJieJiBHMe jiiihiih.
Parallel lines.
2. fig, policy. JIhhhh napTHH. Thepolicy of a party.
JIIICT1 m., pi. jiiiCTbH, jincTbeB leaf
OceHHiie JiiiCTBH. Autumn leaves.
JIhctlh b cany iiOJKeJiTeJiH. Theleaves in the garden have turned
yellow.
JIHCT2 m,t pi. jihctli, jihctob sheet
JIhct 6yMarn. A sheet of paper.
JThct JKeJieaa. A sheet of iron.
JIIITEPATyPA /.
1. literature. CoBeTCKan JinTepary-
pa. Soviet literature. Apa6cKanJiHTepaTypa. Arabic literature.
Hsy^aTt JiiiTepaTypy. To studyliterature.
2. literature. JIirrepaTypa no 3T0MyBonpocy. The literature on this
subject.
JlHTEPATyPH|LlH, -an, -oe, -ne liter-
aryJlHTepaxypHLiii H3biK. The literary
language. JlHTepaTypnoe npoirsBe-
Aenne. A work of literature, JIiiTe-
paTypuBiii KpyjKOK. A literary so-
ciety.
JIIITb, jib|io, -emb, -iot; imper. jieiU
jieHTel imp. h t o? to pourJIhtb boAY b cTaKan. To pour water
into the glass.
<> J%o*Kj$h JibeT Kaic ti3 Benpa. It
is raining cats and dogs.
JIHD[0 neut., pi. Jiriu;a face
1. face. BJieAHoe jihho. A pale
face. PyMHHOe jihh.6 A rosy
face. Ho ee nrnxy TewyT cjig3h.
Tears are streaming down her
cheeks.
2. face. Oh ctohji jihhom k OKny.Tie stood with his face turned to
the window.
<> TOBOpHTb B JIHHO qT6-JlH0O KO-
My-JiH5o. To say something to
somebody's face. Bbicrynarb otjinna Kor6-JiH6o. To speak on
Jim 63 jiyii
somebody's behalf. Ha neivr jiii-
Ha Her! He looks awful/JlS^HlLIll, -aa, -oe, -Lie personal,
privateJIiiqHaa c66cTBeHHOCTb. Personalproperty. Jlirqnoe j\eJio. One's pri-
vate business.
JIllmfliHM, -aa, -ee, -ne
1. extra, spare. Hex jih y BacjiHnmero 6iiJieTa? Have you got
a spare ticket?
2. unnecessary. 9tii Benin JirnnBiie,
a ne B03LMy iix c co66ii. Thesethings are unnecessary; I wonttake them with me,
JIOB m., gen. Ji6a forehead
Blicokhu jio6. A high forehead.
Hh3khh jio6. A low forehead.
JIOBllTb, JIOBJIIO, JlOBHDJb, JIOBHT
imp. koto? ito? ^lbm?/p. itoh-
Ma|Tb, -io, -erab, -k>t
1. to catch. IToHMaTL mhh. To catch
the ball.
2. to catch. JToBri.Tb pu6y ceTbio,
yAO^KOH. To catch fish with a
net, fishing-rod. JIobhtl nrnq.To catch birds.
3. fig. to catch, to devour. JIoBiiTb
B3rjiflfl. To catch somebody's eye.
JIobetb CJiOBa. To devour every
word.
O JIoBHTb na cjiobg. To take some-body at his word. Oh noiimaJi ce5ana Mbicjiii, xito ^yMaeT neii. Hecaught himself thinking abouther
,
JIOBK|Hfi[, -an, -oe, -ire, short formjiobok, JiOBKa, jiobk|o, -h; aefr'.'jiOB-
ko1. agile. JIobkhh cnopTCMen. An
agile sportsman.2. adroit. JIobkhh nptiJKOK. An
adroit jump. MaJib^iiK jiobkoBJie3 na ftepeso. The boy climbedthe tree adroitly.
JIOfllKA /., gen. pi. -ok boatB JidflKe 6lijio Tpn "seJiOBeKa. Therewere three people in the boat. Ka-TaTLCH na JiOAKe. To go boating.
JI05K|$TLCH, -ycb, -iinibca, -aTcaimp. Kyfla? / p. Jie^b, Jia|ry,
-/Kemi>, -ryx, past jier, JierJi|a, -6,
-h; imper. jiarl jiarTe! to lie
H Jier Ha ftHBan. / lay down on the
divan. R pano JiojKycB cnaxb. / goto bed early.
JIO>K|KA /., gen. pi. -eK spoonGTOJioBbie h ^aiiHbie jiojkkh. Ta-blespoons and teaspoons. IIpHHHMaTbJienapcTBo no ctojioboh Ji6?KKe TpHpa.3a b Reiih. To take a tablespoon
of medicine three times a day.JIOMA|TB, -io, -enib, -k)t imp. hto?/
p. cJi0Ma|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot
1. to break. CnoMaxb naJiny. Tobreak a stick. Pe6enoK JiOMaexiirpyniKH. The child breaks its
toys.
2. fig.: Oh jioJiro jiomsIji roJioByna# Tpy/iHoii 3aAaaen. He cudg-elled his brains over the diffi-
cult problem for a long time.
JIOMA|TLCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp. f
p. cjiOMa|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -exca, -iotch to
breakMeJi JiOMaeTCJi. The chalk crum-bles. Ilepo CJioMaJiocb. The nib hasbroken.
JIOHIA/Jb gen. pi. Jiomafleii, instr.
jioinaflfcMH horsePaSo^aa Jioinarib. A draught horse.
E3^HTb na Jioma/iH. To ride ahorse
.
JIYK m., no pi. onion(s)3eJieHtiH JiyK. Spring onions. Ma-co c jivkom. Meat with onions.
JIYHA // moonHa ne6e noiiHaJiacb MOJioxaa JiyaeL
A new moon rose in the sky. Co-BeTCKiie y^enbie c$OTorpa$npOBajino6paTHyio CTopony JIvhli. Soviet
scientists photographed the reverse
side of the Moon.
JIYH m.}gen. -a ray, beam
Jlymi cojimia. Sunbeams.
1. comp. of adf. xopoumti better.
Tboh pncynoK Jiyqme, ^eM moh.Your drawing is better than mine
.
2. comp. of adv. xopomo better,
nirranxe jiyqrae! Write morecarefully/
predic. impers. BoJibHOMy cxaJio
nymne. The sick man felt better.
3. particle rather. Mne He xo^excaiijtth b xeaTp, noHAew Jiy^nie
b kiiho. / don't want to go to
the theatre, let's rather go to the
cinema.
64 MAJI
O Grapbiii Apyr Jiy'ime hobbixAbvx (proverb). An old friendis better than two new ones.
JIy*irae no3jino, neu HiiKor^a.
Better late than never. Jlynmeecero. Best of all. Kan mohchoJiymnc. As best as one can.
Jiy lIHI|HII, -an, -ee, -ne superl. of
xopommi the best
3xo Jiy^tnee 3Aanne b ropoAe. Thisis the best building in the city.
3xo Jiy^miiH CTy^eiiT uaoiefi rpyn-uu. He is the best student in ourgroup. 3xa KHHra-— Jiyqniee npoii3-
Beflenne 3Toro niicaxejifi. This bookis the best work of this writer.
JIi>I/KK pi., sing. JiH/Ka skis
GJiOMaTB jilijkii. To break one's skis.
Onri jii66ht xo/nkb ua jiH>Kax.
They like to go skiing. KangipeB0CKpecenr>e mm KaxaeMCH ua jim-
/Kax. Every Sunday we go skiing.
JIIOBHM|BIiI, -an, -oe, -tie
1. beloved, favourite. JTioSoMan ;;e-
BymKa. One's beloved girl. JIio-
ohmhh CLiii. One's favourite son.
2. beloved, favourite. «JTio6hmhhropoji;. One's beloved city. JIio6h-
mliit micaxejib. One's favourite
writer. JIiodriMaa Kiirira. One'sfavourite book. JIio6tfMoe ftjiibjsjo.
One's favourite dish.
JIIOBIlTB, jiio6jiio, Jii66iinib, jii66ht
imp. koto? hxo? or -f- inf. /
p. nojiioSiiTb, nojiio6jiio, nojiiodniHb,
noju66HT1. to love. JIioShtb portray. To
love one's country. Jliodiixb Maxb.To love one's mother. ilojiioSnxb
^eByumy, To fall in love with a
girl. JTio6riTb JiHTepaTypy, pa66-xy. To love literature, work.
2. to like. H jiioSjiio nrpaxb uaponJie. / like to play the piano.
JIIOE|OBATbCH, -yiocb, -yenibCH,
-yiOTCH imp. k e m? neM?//;. no-Jiio6|0BaTbca, -yiocb, -yeniLCH,-yioTCH to admireJIlOOOBaTbCH bocxo^om coJimia. Toadmire the sunrise. JIio6oBaxbCHpe6eHKOM. To admire a child.
JIIOBGBB /., gen. jiio6bm, instr. jiio-
6oBbio k k o m y? k h e m y? loveJlepBaa jiio66bb. One's first love.
CiacTJif'iBaa jiioSobb. A happy love.
HecqacTHan jiioGobb. An unhappy
love. JIio6oBb k pdflHHe, k jiioahm,
k ^GTHM, k pa66xe, k Hayne. Love ofone's country, of people, of children,
of work, of science. Oh c jhooobbioc^eJiaJi 3xy nemb. He made this
thing with enthusiasm.JIK)B|OfI, -aa, -oe, -bie
1. any. npuxoAUTe ko mh6 b jiio-
66e BpeMH. Come to see me at
any time. Oh 6hji totob BbinoJi-
HHTb «nio6yio pa6dxy. He wasready to do any work.
2. used as n. anyone. JIio6dii BaMcKajKeT, r#e naxdfliiTCfl Mexpo.Anyone will tell you where the
underground station is.
JTIOBO IIKITH | BIM , -aa, -oe, -He1. curious. JIio6onMTHHii *ieJiOBeK.
A curious person.
2. fig. inquisitive. JIiooonbiTHbmB3rJiH,n;. An inquisitive eye.
JI ID ,3,11 pi., gen., acc. Jiioflea, dat.
moRtiM, instr. nm^buu, prepos. o
jiio/ihx; sing. HejiOBeK m, people
M, M
MATA3HH m. shopIIpo^oBoJibCTBeHnbiH Mara3t*H. Afood shop. KonflKTepcKHH Mara3iin.A confectionery. yHHBepcaJibHLiiiMara3HH. A department store. Ky-nrkb npo^yKTH b Marasnne. Tobuy foodstuffs at a shop.
MAH m. MayTeriJiBiii Man. A warm May. R po-
^hjich B Mae. / was born in May.MAJI, -a, -6, -h short adj. (cf.
MAJIEHBKHH) too small8th 6othhkh cxaJin Mauibi MaJiKqn-Ky. These boots have become too
small for the boy.
MAJIEHBK|HIL ;aH, -oe, -lie, short
form Maji, MaJia, MaJio, MaJibi; comp.Meiibrue (q. v.)
1. small. MajieubKan KOMHaTa. Asmall room. HeJioBeK MajienbKo-
ro pocxa. A short man.2. little. MaJieribKiie Rexii. Little
children. Tbi eme Maji. You are
too young yet.
MAJIO adv., comp. MeHbme (q. v.) little
On MaJio roBopHT, ho Miioro j\e-
Jiaex. He says little, but he does a
lot. Oh en Mano Maca. He ate little
MAJI 65
meat. Ha cxenax Biicejio u&noKapxun. There were few pictures on
the walls.
MAJIBHIIK m. boyBocnHxaHHLiii MajibHKK. A well-
bred boy. MaJib^iiK ceMH Jiex. Aseven-year-old boy.
MAMA /. mummyMAP|KA /., gen. pi. -ok postage
stampno^ToBan Mapna. A postage stamp.KoJiJiei-cmifl MapOK. A collection of
stamps. HaKJieriTb Mapny. To stick
a stamp.
MAPT m. MarchB Mapxe iiaMiiHaex xanxb ener. InMarch the snow begins to thaw.
MACJIO neut., no pi.
1. butter. GJiHBOHHoe MacJio. But-ter. XJie6 c MacjioM. Bread andbutter.
2. oil. IIoACOJineqHoe MacJio. Sun-flower-seed oil.
MACTEP m.f pi. ~a
1. : MacoBoii Macxep. A watchmaker.2. : TypreueB — 3aMeHaxejibiiHH
Macxep neii3a>Ka. Turgenev is
extremely skilful in portrayingnature.
3. foreman. Macxep b n;exe. Theforeman in a shop.
4. master. Macxep cnopxa. A mas-ter of sport.
<> MacTep iia Bee pyKii. Jack-of-all-trades.
MACTEPCK|AH /., gen. -6h
1. repair shop. MacxepcKan no pe-
MOHxy ^acoB. A watch repair
shop. Pa66xaxL b MexaiiiTHecKonMacxepCKoH. To work at a ma-chine shop.
2. studio. MacxepcKan xy^o/KHHKa.An artist's studio.
MATEMATIIKA f. tno pi. mathemat-
ics
BBicmaH MaxeMaxiiKa. Higher mathe-matics. 3K3aMen no MaxeMaxHKe.An examination in mathematics.M3yqaxb MaxeMaximy. To studymathematics
.
MATEPIIAJI m.1. material. Maxepnaji rjih flHCoep-
xannii. Material for one's thesis.
Go6npaxB Maxepiiajra o jkiibhh
H3BecxHoro nncaxeJin. To col-
lect material on the life of a
well-known writer.
2. material. Maxepnaji na kocxiom.Material for a suit. fflejiKOBfciH
Maxepnaji. Silk material.
MATPOC m. deckhand, sailor, seamanGMeJiLin Maxpoc. A brave seaman.CJiynwh Maxpocom na Kopa6Jie.To serve as a deckhand on a ship.
MATL /., gen., dat., prepos. Maxepn,instr. MaxepLio; pi. Maxepn, Maxe-peii, etc. motherJIio6irMaH MaxB. One's beloved moth-er, y Maxepn ABoe flexeii. Themother lias two children.
<> Pomnia-MaTb. Mother country.
MAXATE*,
Mainy, Mamenib, Mamyx or
colloq. Maxaiio, -enit, -iox imp. k o-
My? icM?'//?. Maxn|yxb, -y, -einb,
-yx to Wave, to flap
Maxaxb njiaxnoM na npornanbe.To wave good-bye with one's handker-chief. Maxaxb pyrcon xoBapnm;y.To wave one's hand to a friend.
rixnn,a Marnex KpbiJibHMii. The bird
is flapping its wings.MAXm7TB see MAXATBMAfflHHA /.
1. machine, engine. IlapOBan Ma-mnna. A steam engine. CejibcKO-
X03flncxBeHiiaH ManritHa. Anagricultural machine. fflBeHHafl
Manitina. A sewing machine.2. motor-car. JlerKOBan Mamiina.A passenger-car. Ppy30Baa Ma-nrana. A lorry. Exaxb na Mamn-iie. To ride in a car.
MEBEJIb /., no pi. furnitureMftTKan MeoeJib. Upholstered furni-
ture. Kynrixb noByio Me6eJib. Tobuy new furniture.
MEAAJIb /. medalHarpa^KAaxb Me^aJibio. To award a
medal. Okohwtb mKOJiy c 30JI0-
xoh MexjaJibio. To get a gold medalon leaving school. CnopxcMen3aBoeBaJi Meji;ajib. The sportsmanwon a medal.
MEJJBEflB m. bearBeJitiii MOABeftb. A polar bear.
ME flimflHA /., no pi. medicine(science)
MEftH^HCK|HH, -an, -oe, -ne med-ical
MeflH^mcKHii iiHCXiixyx. A medi-
cal institute.
MEfl 66 MEP
MEfl.HEHHlblS, -aa, -oe, -He; adv.
MeAJieHHo slowMeAJienHHH BaJiLC. A slow waltz.
ToBopHTB MeAJieHHo. To speak slow-
ly. PaSoTaTB MeAJieHHo. To workslowly.
ME>KflY prep, -\-instr. betweenMeasly mKa$OM 11 niicbMeHHHMctojiom ctohjio KpecJio. There wasan armchair between the bookcaseand the desk, dro npoH3omJi6MQ/Kjxy 1942 ii 1945 rojjOM. Thathappened between 1942 and 1945.#a 3HpaBCTByeT Mnp h ji.pyjK6a
ueTKjsy napoAaMii! Long live peaceand friendship between peoples/
<> MejKAy npoanw. By the way.Mewcfly HaMii. Between ourselves.
MeacAy hsImh roeopa. Strictly be-
tween you and me.MEHflyHAPO^HI Bill
,-an, -oe, -tie
international
MemflytiapoAHLie OTHomeHiia. Inter-
national relations, MejKAyHapoRHaflo6cTanoBKa. The international situ-
ation.
M£JIK|HK, -an, -oe, -He; adv. MeJiKo;
comp. MeJibae
1. small. MeJiKaa pbi6a. Smallfish.
2. small. MeJiKafl MoneTa. Smallchange.
3. flat. MeJiKaa TapeJiKa, A flat
plate.
4. petty. MeJiKaa 6ypmya3iiH. Pettybourgeoisie.
5. narrow. MeJinne inrrepecH. Nar-row interests.
6. shallow. 3Aecb MeJiKo. It's
shallow here.
MEJlOHlb /., gen. pi. -m1. no pi. change. B Marasnne Mne
Aann CAaay MeJioabro. They gaveme the change in small coins in the
shop.
2. trifle. Oh 3aHHMaeTca KaKHMH-to MeJioiaMH. He is busy withsome trifles. MeJioan jkb3Hh.The trifles of life. 8to MeJionn.These are trifles.
MfiHEE adv. less
KaTaTLca na Jium&x ne Menee hh-TepeCHO, HQM KaXaTbCH Ha KOHbKaX.Skiing is no less interesting thanskating.
<> Teai ne Menee. Nevertheless.
MEHfclHE1. comp. of adj. MajieiibKiiii small-
er. Tboh KOMnara MeHbme Moen.Your room is smaller thanmine.
2. comp. of adv. Majio less. Th 3a-
HHMaembCH Menbnie, aeM naAO.You spend less time on yourstudies than you ought to.
MEHbfflHHCTBO neut. minorityBojiBmHHCTBo na co6paHini rojio-
conajio «3a», MenbmnHCTBo — «npo-tiib». The majority at the meetingvoted for, and the minority voted
against.
MEHH|TkCH, -iocb, -embca, -iotch
imp.1. iew? c k e m? p. o6MeHa|TBca,
-jocb, -embca, -iotch to exchange.MenaTbca MapnaMii c TOBa-
pnm;eM. To exchange postage
stamps with a friend. 06MeHflTL-
ca MHenimMH. To exchange opin-
ions.
2. p. n3MennTbca t H3Mem6cb, ii3Me-
Hirmbca, H3MeHHTca to change.
IIoroAa MenaeTca. The weather
is changing. HacTpoenne Me-HaeTCa. The mood is changing.
IIoroAa pe3K0 H3Meni'uiacb. Theweather has changed sharply.
MEPA /.
1. measure. MepH ajihhh. Measuresof length. MepH seca. Measuresof weight.
2. usu. pi. measures. PemHTeJibHHeMepH. Decisive measures, llpn-
naTb Mepn. To take measures. §TaMepa He noMoraa. This measuredidn't help.
<^ 3to neHHTepecHO, ho no Kpaii-
Heii Mepe noJie3Ho. This is not
interesting but at least it is
useful.
MEP3H|yT£», -y, -emb, -yr, past Mep3,-Jia, -jio, -jih imp.jp. 3aMep3ii[yTb,
-y, -emb, -yT, past 3aMep3, -Jia,
-jio, -Jin to freeze
y Mena 3aMep3Jin pynn. My handsare frozen. 3hm6h a BcerAa Mep3-ny. / always feel cold in winter.
MEP|HTL, -io, -nmb, -ht imp. a to?/
p. noMep|HTb, -io, -nmb, -ht (or
npHMepHTb) to try onMepHTb koctiom. To try on a suit.
IIOMepHTb Ty$Jin, To try on shoes.
MEP 67 mein
MEPTB|L>Ilf> -an, -oe, -hg deadMepTBoe t6jio. A dead body.
<> IVlepTBan Tiiraima. Dead silence.
CnaTfa MepTBbiM chom. To sleep
like a log.
MECTHIHM, -an, -oe, -Lie local
MecTHLie o6H tiaii. Local customs.
MecTHLie mwiejm noKa3aJiH Typnc-TaM flopory. The local inhabitants
showed the tourists the way.MECT|0 neut., pi. -a, MecT, -aM, etc.
1. seat. 3to MecTO cbo66aho?Is this seat vacant? 3to Mecxo33HHT0. This seat is taken. VcTy-ni'iTb MecTO /KemqiiHe. To offerone's seat to a woman. BcTaTB c
MeCTa. To stand up.
2. place, spot, JKiiBoririciioe mbcto.A picturesque spot.
<> 3to ero 6ojii>ii6e m6cto. Thisis his sore spot.
MECHIi; m. month3HMHHe M6CHH,li. Winter months.
5 MecHn;eB Ha3aA. 5 months ago.
B KanoM MeCHi^e bli pojiHjnicfe? Inwhich month were you born?
METAJI.i1 m. metalHepHLie MeTaJiJiLi. Ferrous metals.
IL^BeTHLie MeTaJiJiu. Non-ferrousmetals.
METAJIJIfiHECK|0H, -an, -oe, nemetal
METAJIJiyprflHECKlHH, -an.-oe.-iie
metallurgicalMeTaJiJiyprH^ecKHii 3aBOA. A metal-
lurgical plant. MeTaJiJiypn'THecKaa
npoMLinuieHHOCTL. The metallurgi-
cal industry.
METOft m. methodflHaJieKTifaecKHH ueTOji. The dia-
lectical method. npaBHJibHHH MeTOA.The correct method. npiiMeHHTb ho-BLie MeTO^Li. To use new methods.IT6JiB3obstlch m6toaom. To employa method.
ME'P* m. metreKBaApaTHLiii MeTp. A square metre.
KySiraecKiiH MeTp. A cubic metre.
5 MeTpoB MaTepiiaJia. 5 metres ofmaterial.
METPO neut., indecl. underground rail-
wayOrannHH MeTpo. An undergroundstation. ExaTB Ha MeTpo. To go bythe underground. KaK npoHTii k
MeTpo? What's the way to the
underground station?
MEX m., prepos. o Mexe & na Mexy;pi. -a fur
JIhchh Mex. Fox fur. IlyiniiCTMii
Mex. Soft fur,
MEXAHII3AipiH /., no pi mechani-sation
MexaHii3anim Tpy^a. The mechani-sation of labour. MexaHii3aiiim npo-U,eccoB npoii3BOACTBa. The mechani-sation of the production processes
MEXAHII3HP|OBATE>,
-yio, -yemt,-yioT imp. & p. hto? to mechaniseMexaHH3iSpoBaTB TpyA- To mecha-nise labour. Mexaini3HpoBaTL ccjib-
CKoe X03fhiCTB0. To mechanise ag-
riculture.
MEX-AHHK m. mechanicB n,exe pa6oTaJi CTapbiii MexamiK.An old mechanic worked in the shop.
JleVniK oieiib jxpynmji co cboiim
MexaniiKOM. The flyer was on very
friendly terms with his mechanic.
MEXAHHHECKIHH, -an, -oe, -ne
1. of mechanics. MexamrqecKiie 3a-
kohbi. Laws of mechanics.
2. mechanics. MexanifaecKHU $a-
KyjiLTeT. The mechanics depart-
ment.3. mechanical. MexaHiiqecKan cujia.
Mechanical strength.
MEXOBIOII, -an, -oe, -Lie fur
MexoBoe naJibTO. A fur coat. Mexo-Ban manna. A fur cap.
ME lITA /., gen. pi. not used dreamMe*iTBi 6y^ymeM. Dreams of the
future. MeHTLi o CTacTbe. Dreamsof happiness. Me^Ta Bceii jkhbhii.
The dream of one's whole life.
OcyinecTBHTB cbojo MeTry. To ac-
complish one's dream. MeHTLi c6h-Jir'rcB. One's dreams have come true.
MEHTAITL, -io, -emt, -iot imp. o
k 6 m? o iie m? to dreamMe^TaTB o cnacTLe. To dream ofhappiness. MeHT&TL o nyTemecT-BiiflX. To dream about travelling.
MEfflA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-m y? ieM y? -{-inf. / p. noMema[Tb,-io, -einb, -iot to prevent, to hinderPaAiio Memajio CTyAerrry sannMaTb-ch. The radio prevented the student
from, studying.
MEH1|0K m., gen. -Ka sackMemoK mvkh. A sack of flour*
MHJI 68 MHO
<> KyniiTb KOTa u MernKe (prov-erb). Cf. To buy a pig in a poke,
MIIJIHipiOHEP m. militiamanOSpaTHTbca k MiixnriHOHepy. Toask a militiaman.
MflJljblS, -an, -oe, -Lie, short formmhji, Mima, mhjijo, -h niceMnJiaH jn^ByniKa. A nice girl. Mii-
Jioe jihh;6. A nice face.
<> C MiiiibiM pan: if b majiame(proverb). Cf. Love in a cottage.
MEMO1. adv. by. IIpoHTH mhmo. To pass by.
2. prep. + gen. past. UoesR npoexajimhmo crannim h ne ocTaHOBiiJica,
The train went past the station
without stopping.
MHHHCTEPCTBO neut. xninistry
MnmiCTepcTBO $HHaHCOB. The- Min-istry of Finance. MirancTepcTBOiiHOCTpaHHHX ^eji. The Ministry ofForeign Affairs.
MHHIiCTP m. ministerBoeHHbin MimncTp. The War Min-ister. Mhhhctp (JiraaHcoB. TheMinister for Finance. MimricTpBLicmero oOpasoBanim. The Minis-ter of Higher Education. UpeMfcep-MHHHCTp. The Prime Minister. Co-B8T MHHHCTpoB. The Council ofMinisters. TTpe^ceAaTejib coBBTa mh-HHCTpoB. The Chairman of the Coun-cil of Ministers.
MHHYTA /. minateIHecTLsecaT mhh3't. Sixty minutes.
Ceiriac qeTBipe Many-rid BToporo.It is four minutes past one. Ceihiac
6e3 ^ecHTii MHHyT flBa. It is ten
minutes to two.
<> ripuxoflHTe k naw b CBoSo^HyioMeuyTy. Come and see us any timeyou can. Cmo nmnyTy. Just a"
minute.MHP1 m.
1. no pi. universe. Teopiin o npo-HCxoJKfleHHH mm pa. A theory onthe origin of the universe.
2. world, flpyrrie MiipH. Otherworlds.
3. «o pL world. Oh o6te>g3AHJi BecbMHp. He travelled all over the
world. IlepBLiH b Miipe. The first
in the world. Becb Miip. Thewhole world.
MHP 2 m., no pi. peaceBonna h Map. War and peace.
Atom fljra MHpa. Atom for peace.Mripy Miipl Peace to the world'/3aKJii0HiiT& MHp. To conclude peace.IIo;inHcaT& MHp. To sign a peacetreaty.
MflPHblfl, -an, -oe, -He adj. of MHP2
1. peace. MiipHHe OTnomeHHH. Peace-ful relations.
2. peace, peaceful. Mnpnoe BpeMH.Peace time. MtipHMH Tpy,n;. Peace-ful labour. Mupnoe CTpon-TejiBCTBO. Peaceful construction.
3. : MnpHMH florosop. A peacetreaty. MnpnLie neperoBopw.Peace talks.
MHPOB]OH, -an, -oe, -Lie adj. ofMHP 1
MnpOBan BOHHa. World War, Mh-poBOH phhok. World market. Mh-poBan cJiasa. World fame, rinca-TeJib c MnpoBLiM HMeHeM. A world-famous writer.
MHPOJIIOESBIMft, -an, -oe, -He peace-ful
MapojrioSriBafl nojnmiKa. Peacefulpolicy. MnpoJiioSnBHe Hapo/IH. Peace-loving nations.
MTJTHHT m. meeting, rallyMifTHnr nporecTa. A meeting ofprotest. MiiTHHr b no;mepJKKy... Arally in support of... Mdnmr b 3a-
m;HTy E{or6/qer6-JiH6o. A meetingin defence of somebodyjsomething.BLiCTynnTL na MHTiinre c pe^Bio.To make a speech at a meeting.
MJlAJUnjHH, -an, -ee, -ne youngerMJiamuHH 6paT. A younger (the
youngest) brother. MJiaaman cecTpa.A younger sister.
MHEHHE neut. opinionCaMOCTOHTeJiBHoe MFienue An inde-
pendent opinion. Ho MoeMy vine
hhK). In my opinion. BbiCKa3aTBMHei-iHe. To give an opinion. Paa-AejifiTb ^&e-JiH6o MHeene. To share
somebody's opinion. 06MeHfiTtCHMHeHHHMH. To exchange opinions.
BhTB BHCOKOrO (HGBHCOKOrO, X0-
pomero, hjioxofo) MneHHH o ^eJio-
BeKe (o KHiire). To think highly
(not much, much, bad) of a man(of a book).
MHOPHE1. followed by n. in pi. many. MHome
CTpaHLi. Many countries.
2. used as n. many. Mnorne aaHHMa-
MHO 69 MOP
iotch CHOpxOM. Many people go in
for sport.
MHOFO adv., comp. SoJibine (q. v.)
1. a lot. Mnoro pa66xaxb. To worka lot.
2. many, much, a lot. Mnoro jiio-
Aeii. Many people. MHoro iieHer.
Much money. Mnoro fleJia A lot
of things to do. Mnoro napoAa*A lot of people.
MHOrOE a lot
MHe en^e MHoroe na^o cAeJiaxb.
I've still got a lot of things to do.
MOrftJIA /. graveMOr'y^lHfl, -an, -ee, -ne mighty,
powerfulMoryqan crpana. A mighty country.
Mory^aa peKa. A mighty river.
Moryqaa apMHH. A mighty army.Mory^KH roJioc. A powerful voice.
MO>KET BblTb maybe, perhapsM6>Kex 6nxb, a npne^y ceroAHH./ may come today. Mooter 6htb, sxoh T3K. Perhaps, that is so.
M03KHO k o m y? + inf.
1. it is possible, can. 3xo mojkhocflejiaTb 3a xpn ahh. This can be
done in three days.
2. may. Mojkho B3hxb Knury? MayI take the book? Mojkho eohxi'i?
May I come in? BoJiBHOMy mojk-ho ryjiHTL tojibko Asa naca. Thesick man is allowed to walk onlytwo hours.
M03r m., no pi.
Fojiobhoh M03r. The brain. Cnnu-hoh M03r. The spinal cord,
MOK, MOfl, Moe, moit pron. my mineMoh aom. My house. MoA ceMbH.My family. Moe naJibxo. My coat.
Mon flpy3bH. My friends. 9xo Moe.It's mine,
MCKPIHH, -as, -oe, He, short formmokp, MOKpa, m6kp|o, -h; adv.
MOKpo wetMoi-cpaa OAejK^a. Wet clothes. Mok-pi>ie kphthh. Wet roofs. Bnxepexbmokp Lie pyKH. To dry one's wethands. / predic. impers. Ha yjinneMOKpo. It is wet outside.
MOJIHHH /. lightningHpKaa MOJIHHH. A bright lightning.
CBepimyJia mojihhh. Lightningflashed. Mojihoh y^apruia b rom.The house was struck by lightning.
MOJIOflEHHIblH, -an, -oe, -He youthMoJioneJKHHH ue^iep An evening-party for young people. MoJiOAejK-nan SpnraAa, Youth team.
MOJIOflEJKB /., no pi. youthMOJIO^IEIJj pi -iih used as pred.
fine boy/girlOna y nac MOJiOAerif She is a finegirl!
MOJIOfljOli, -an, -oe, -bie, short formmojioa, MOJioAa, mojioa|o» -m1. young. Mojioaoh *iejioBeK. A
young man. Oh onenb moaoa.He is very young.
2. young, new. MoJiOAoe AepeBO. Ayoung tree. Mojioaoh Kapx6(j)ejib.
New potatoes.
MOJIOflOCTb /., no pi youthCnacTJiiTBafl mojioaocxb. A happyyouth. B MOJiOAOCTii oh xopomoneJi. He sang well in his youth.
MOJIOKO neut., no pi. milkCBe^Kee mojioko. Fresh milk. Knna-qeHoe mojioko. Boiled milk. Cry-merinoe mojioko. Condensed milk.
K6(j)e c mojiokom. Coffee and milk.
Kama na MOJiOKe. Milk cereal pudd-ing. CxaKau mojioksL A glass of milk.
MOJJO^HILlfl [-IHH-], -an, -oe, -bie
milkMojio^hhh cyn. Milk soup. Mojio*!-
naa Kama. Milk cereal pudding.MoJioHHHe nipojxyKThi, Dairy produce.
MOJI^IA adv. in silence
Oh AOJiro mojto cMOxpeJi na Hero.e looked at him for a long time
in silence.
MOOTjATb, -y, -ihHb, -ax imp. to
keep silent
Oh mojihslji bcio AOpory. He kept
silent all the way.MOMEHT m. moment
yAo6HHH MOMeHT. A convenient
moment. B btot mom6hx. At that
moment.MOHETA /. coin
3oJioxaa Monexa. A gold coin. Cxa-
priHHan Monexa. An old coin.
_<>MejiKan Monexa. Small change.
MOP|E neut., pi. -a sea
Exaxb MopeM. To go by sea. Oxah-xaxb na Mope. To rest at the sea-
side. ^Iepnoe Mope. The Black Sea.
GpeAHseMHoe Mope. The Mediter-
ranean Sea. I fig. Mope roJioB. A sea
of heads.
MOP 70 MLIJI
MOP03KEHOE neut., no pi. ice-cream
GjiHBOHHoe, rnoKOJiaAHoe, opexoBoe,
(J)pyKToBoe Mopo>Kenoe. Cream,chocolate, nut, fruit ice-cream.
MOP03 m. frost
BCIO 3HMy CTOHJIII CHJILHLie MOp6-3bi. There were severe frosts the
whole winter. CeroAHfl 10 rp&AycoBMopoaa. It is 10 degrees below zero
today.
MOPCK|OfI, -an, -6e, -lie
1. sea. Mopcnan Bo/^a. Sea water.
MopcKoii 6eper. Seashore. Mop-CKoii B03Ayx. Sea air. MopcKoiiBexep. Sea breeze.
2. sea, marine. MopcKon: c][)Jiox. TheMarine. MopcKoe nyxemecxBiie.A voyage.
<> MopcKan £ojie3Hb. Sea-sickness.
MOPHK m., gen. -a sailor
Mojioaoo MopjiK. A young sailor.
MOCT m., prepos. o Mocxe & na moc-Ty; pi. mocth bridgeMoot nepe3 peny. A bridge across
a river. >KeJie3uoAopoJKU£»ifi moct.A railway bridge. Ctohtb na Mocxy.To stand on the bridge.
MOTOP m. engineMoTop pa66xaex xo porno. The engineworks well.
MOTOE(HKJI m. motor-cycleExaxb na MoxoiiMKJie. To ride ona motor-cycle.
MO^IB, Mory, Mo>Keinb, Moryx, past
moi\ -fla, -no, -Jin, no imper.; imp.
+ inf. I p. cmo^b, CMOry, CMO>Kemb,CMoryx, past cwor, -Jia, -jio, -jiei
1. to be able, can. Tm cMo>Kemi>npiifiTfi ceroAHH ko Miie? Canyou come and see me today?
2. to be allowed, may. BoJibiionyniQ MOJKeT xo^nTb. The patientis already allowed to walk.
MOmillBIll, -an, -oe, -He powerfulMoiuxibiii MOTop. A powerful engine.
Moninaa-
AeMoncxpao;nH. A power-
ful demonstration.
MPAHHiMIl, -an, -oe, -Lie gloomyMpaqnbiH neJioBOK. A gloomy man.Mpa^iioe jihb;6. A gloomy face.
Mpaqnoe iiacxpoeniie. A dismalmood. Mpa^iHbie Mbicjin. Sombrethoughts.
MfJl?\hlVl, -as, -oe, -He, short formMyAp, wyixpa, wyAPlo, -li; adv.
My^po wise
MyAptiH HeJiOBeK. A wise man.MyApoe pemeuire. A wise decision.
Oh nocxynnJi Myapo. He actedwisely.
M"y>K m., pi. My?Kbfi, ujmeii, uymhAuhusbandBeHMaTeJibUHH uym. An attentive
husband. 3a6oTJiHBHH MyjK* A solici-
tous husband. JIi66flmnu My?K. Aloving husband.
My/KECTB EH IIjhi 11 , -an, -oe, -tie,
short form MyjKecTBeH, My>KecTBen-H|a, -o, -hi; adv. my>k ccxbehiio cou-rageousMy>KecTReiiHbiH qeJioneK. A cou-
rageous man. MyjKecTBeHHtm nocxy-noK. A courageous action.
My^KECTBO neut., no pi. courageIlpoiTBHTb MyiKecTBo. To show cour-
age. llMeTb MyJKGCTBO FOBOpilXbnpaBAy. To have the courage to
speak the truth.
MyatCK|0a, -an, -de, -He men'sMyjKCKafl 0Ae>KAa. Men's clothes.
MyjKCKafl 66yBb. Mens footwear.
MYSKHflHA m. manUomuJiou Mywiraa. An elderly man.
My3Ell m. museumOciviaxpiiBaxb My3en. To see a mu-seum.
M^MKA no pi. musicCnM^OHriHecKaH MysbiKa. Symphon-ic music. JTerKan My3HKa. Lightmusic. MysbiKa k KiiHOtJnrJibMy.
Music to a film. Go^nnflxb (mi-
catb) My3HKy. To compose (write)
music.
My3 BIKA JlBHfBill , -an, -oe, -Lie,
short form My3LiKaJJeH, My3HKaJib-n|a, -o, -bi
1. music(al). My3HKaJi&Haff niKOJia.
A music school. My3LiKajibiiLie
HHCxpyMeiixH. Musical instru-
ments. My3HKaJibiTHir Be^ep. Amusical evening.
2. musical. MysLiKaJibHLiu peSenoK.A musical child.
MyXA /. fly
M^HATBCH, -ycb, -limbCK, -axcn imp.to rush, to dashJIomaAL M^nxcfi. The horse is rush-
ing- BpeMH M^rnxcH Timeflies.
MBI pron., gen., acc. nac, dat. uaM,instr. HaMH, prepos. o nac we
MBlJIO neut., no pi. soap
MLIC 71 HAB
MMCJIb /. thought, idea
MnxepecHan mhcjib. An interesting
idea. TJiySoKaa mhcjib. A profoundthought. OpHFHHajibnaH mhcjib. Anoriginal idea. Mne b roJiOBy npn-rajia mbicjib. An idea occurred to
me. y nero wejibKHyjia mbicjib. Anidea flashed across his mind.
MblTb, mo! 10, -enit, -iot; imper. moh!imp. k o r 6? ito? *i e m? / p. bbi-
mht5, BHMOjio, -enib, -iot to washMhtb pyKH. To wash one's, hands.
Mhtb hoji. To wash the floor. MhtbpeSeiina Tension boaoh. To wash a
child with warm water. Mhtb nocy-
Ay rneTKOH. To wash the dishes
with a brush.
MI>ITbCH, MojiocB, -emBca, -K>Tcaimp.jp. BLIMHTBCH, BLIMOjlOCb, -eiHB-
ch, -iotch to washMbiTBCH b Banne. To have a bath.
Mlitbch noa ^ymeM. To take ashower. Mbitbch mlijiom. To washwith soap.
MHrK|Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne [-xk-], short
form mhxok, Mflrna, Mar-K[o, -h;
adv. NiarKO; comp. Marse1. soft. MarKaa nOAyniKa. A soft
pillow. MarKHe bojioch. Soft hair.
MarKHH xjie6. Soft bread.|
predic. impers. Ha flHBane 6hjiomhfko cnaTB. The divan was soft
to sleep on.
2. fig. mild. MarKHH KJiHMax. A mildclimate. MarKHH xapaKTep. Amild temper.
<> Mariean MeSejib. Soft (uphol-stered) furniture. Mhtkhh Baron.A soft-seated railway carriage.
MHCH|OS, -an, -6e, -tie meatMacHLie npo^yKTH. Meat products.Mhchoh cyn. Meat soup.
M£tCO neut., no pi. meatIlHpojKKH c mhcom. Meat pies.
MH 1! m., gen. -a ball
0yT66jiBHbiH mhi. A football. Bo-JienSoJiBHHH mhi. A volleyball.
H, HHA prep.
I. + prepos.
1. onjieataTb na CTOJie to lie (to be) onthe table; BnceTB Ha CTene to hangon the wall; hhc&tb na 6y>iareto write on paper;
2. in, at
Ha 3aBojre at the works; na pa-
66tg at work; ira ypone at the
lesson; ea KaBKa3e in the Cau-casus; Ha GeBepe in the North;na co6paHHH at a meeting;
3. byexaTb na aBT66yce, Ha napoxo^eto go by bus, by ship;
4. : na npomJiOH He^eJie,. na stohne^eJie last week, this week
<> Kanra Ha <J>paHiiy3CK0M H3biKe.
A book in French.
II. + acc.
1. onnoJiojKHTb Ha ctoji to put on
the table; HOBecHTb na creHy to
hang on the wall;
na 3aB0A to the works; na pa66-
Ty to work; Ha ypoK to the les-
son; na KaBKaa to the Caucasus;na GeBep to the North; na co-
Spasae to a meeting;3. on
caflHTbca na aBT<56yc, na napo-
xoa to get on a bus, to board a
ship;4. : na TpeTHH neHB on the third day,
Ha .npyroH A^aB the next day,
na Hobbih toa on the NewYear's Day;
5. for
Oh yexaji aa He#eJiK). He left
for a week.
6. not translated. Oh CTapnie MenaHa 5 net. He is 5 years older
than I. 3tot koctiom ^opoaceHa 10 py6jiea. This suit is 10roubles dearer.
<0> IlepeeecTH na (j)paHiry3CKHa
H3MK. To translate into French.
HAEJIIOftAITb, -jo, -emb, -iot imp.i t o? 3 a a e m? to observe, to
watchHaSjuoAaxb 3a ^BHaceHHeM HJiaBeT.
To observe the movement of planets.
Mh Ha6jiio,o;ajiH, KaK aaxoAHJiocojiHHe. We watched the sun set-
ting.
HABEPHO(E) paren. word probablyHaBepaoe, oh ceroAaa He npHAeT.He will probably not come today.
Tbi noHflemb b My3eS? — H He3naio totoo, ho, aaBepao, noH^y."WW you go to the museum? 1 *
IIAB 72 IIA3
"/ don't know for sure, but probably
I shall."
HABEPX adv. nyfla? upward, up-stairs
Mh noAHHJiHCB HaBepx, na namfi3Ta>K. We went up to the fourth
floor.
HA IJTTPX5r adv. r#e? above, upstairsMm cjiwinajin, Kan b KOMnaTe na-Bepxy rpoMKO neJin, a dotom na-iiaJin TaurieBaxb. We heard peoplein the room upstairs sing loudlyand then begin dancing.
HARECTflTb see HABEiqATbIIABEmA|Tf>, -io, -ems, -iot imp.
koto? it o? / p. naBe|cTHTL, -my,-CTHUIb, -CTHT tO Visit
HaBecTMTB 6oJiLnoro TOBapnma. Tovisit a sick friend.
HABCEE^A adv. for ever
R yezm&io 113 aToro ropoAa naBcer-
fl,a. / am leaving this city for good.
HABCTPfiHY adv. & prep,+ dat. to
meet one, in the opposite directionBexep ftyji naBCTpeqy. The windblew in our faces. HaBCTpeny HaMmeJi qeJiOBeK. A man was ap-proaching us.
HArPAflA /. awardBbicoKan narpa^a. A high award.noJiyHHTi* narpafly. To receive anaward.
HArPAflflTB see HAFPAJK^ATBHArPA5KJ\A I
Tb , -10, -euib, -iot imp.k r 6? xi t 0? q e m? 3 a iit 6?/ p.Harpa|aiTTb, -5Ky, -^iinib, -a?it to
awardHarpa^HTL op^enoM 3a noflBiir. Toaward an order for a feat.
HAPPETb see EPETb, 4HAfl (HAflO) prep. + instr.
1. over. HaA ctojiom bhcht JiaMna.
A light hangs over the table.
Uri'mfci JiexaioT naA MopeM. Thebirds are flying over the sea.
2. above, over. Ha^o mhoh myMiiTAepeBO. A tree is rustling aboveme. Mh ctorjih 11a bmcokom 6e-
pery, naA peKOH. We were stand-ing on the high bank, over the river.
3. at. Pa6oTaTb naA aokjkiaom. Towork at a report.
HAflEBAjTL, -10, -emb, -iot imp.n to? 11 a koto? na q t 6?/p. HaAe|Tb, -ny, -nemb, -nyT
1. to put on. HaAOBaTb naJibTo,
BTJiany, nep^aTKii, inapcj). Toput on an overcoat, a hat, gloves,
a scarf. HajieTb naJiBTo na pe-
6eiiKa. To put a coat on a child.
2, to put on. HafleTb ohkh. To puton one's spectacles.
HAflfiMCffA /. hopeBoJibinne HaAejKflH. Great expecta-
tions.
HAflETb see HAflEBATbHA,D[E|iITbCH, -iocb, -erabca, -iotch
imp.1. 11a *i t 6? or -j- inf. to hope.
HaAeflTLCH na ycnex, na nooeAy.To hope for success, for vic-
tory. R naAeiocb yBriAeTb Te6n3aBTpa. / hope to see you tomor-
row.
2. to hope. H naAeiocb na to, tito
aaBxpa noroAa oyAex Jiy^me.
/ hope the weather will be better
tomorrow.
3. 11 a k r 6? n a h t 6? to rely.
HaAeHTbca na apyra. To rely
on one's friend. HaAeHTbca HaKOJiJieKTr'iB. To rely on the collec-
tive.
HAflO k m y? ieMy? + m/. it is
necessary, mustTe6e HaAO mhofo 3aHHMaTbcn. Youmust study a lot. Miie naAO 6lijio
B^iepa BCTaTb b 7 ^acoB, / had to
get up at 7 o'clock yesterday.
HAflOE^AITb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
k m y? ri e m y? & -\- inf.jp. na-
Aoecxb, naAoen, naAOemb, HaAoecT,
HaAoeAUM, HaAoeAHTe, Ha#oeflHT t
past naAoeJi, -a, -o, -h to be bored,
to be tired (of)
3to Miie nafloeJio. / am tired of
this. HaM nafloejia njioxaa noroAa-We are tired of the bad weather.
Miie uaAoejio roBopuTb 06 stom. /am tired of speaking about that. MneHaAoeJio innero ne AeJiaxb. / ambored with doing nothing.
HAflOECTb see HAflOEHATbHA3Afl adv.
1. k y a a? back. VLjsjkre na3aA- Goback. H nocMOTpeJi Ha38A- /looked back.
2. ago. Mh npnexajiii 3 MecHAa Ha-
3a A- We arrived 3 months ago.
HA3 73 HAJI
3to 6hjio Miioro jict TOMy na-
3aA- That was many years ago.
HA3BAHHE neut. name, title
Ha3BaHne poMana, khuth, khho-<J»nJibMa. The name of a novel, book,
film.
HA3BATB see HA3BIBATBHA3HAHA|TB, -io, -enib^ -iot imp.
ito? k o m y? t 6 m y? || k o r 6?q to? k e m? q e m? / p. na3naq[HTb,
-y, -iimb, -aT
1. to fix. Ha3Ha*raTb CBnAanne. Tomake an appointment. Hasnaqnrbco6panne na 6 qacoB. To fix
the meeting for 6 o'clock.
2. to appoint. HasHaqnTb Koro-JiH-
6o fliipeKTopoM. To appoint some-body director.
3. to prescribe. Ha3naqnTb 6ojtl-
noMy JieKapcTBO. To prescribe
medicine for a patient,
HA3HAHHTB see HA3HA1ATBI1A3BIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? q t o? / na3BaTb, na30B|y,-emb, -yr
1. to name. Ha30Bi'iTe pyccniix nn-caTejieii, kotophx bli 3uaeTe.Name the Russian writers youknow. Ha30BHfTe GoJibmue ropoAa"
Bainen crpaHH. Name the large
cities of your country.
2. to name. Ee Ha3Bajra Kam (Ka-ren). She was named Katya.
HA3BIBA|TBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. rare-
ly used, 3rd pers. -ercH, -iotchto be called
KaK HaSbiBaercH aTa yjinna? Whatis the name of this street? KaK na-3bIBaeTCH 3T0T KHHOTeaTp? Whatis the name of this cinema?
HAH3^CTB adv. by heart3HaTb nansycTb. To know by heart.
YqiiTb HaH3ycTb. To learn by heart.
HA0TII see HAXO^IITB & HCKATbHAKA3ATB see HAKA3BIBATBHAKA3 £>IBA |TE»
, -io, remt, -iot imp.k o r 6? h t o? 3 a cit 6?/ p. nana-saTb, HaKaacy, HaKa«cemb, nanajKyTto punishHanasaTb pe6enKa 3a njioxon no-crynoK. To punish a child for mis-behaviour. Hana3aTb q.eJioBeKa sanpecTynjienne. To punish a personfor committing a crime.
HAKAHYHE1. adv. the day before. Hananyne
mh 6biJin b Kirao. We were at
the cinema the day before.
2. prep,-f- gen. on the eve. HaKa-
nyne HoBoro roAa. On NewYear's eve. HaKanyne npa3flHH-Ka, abh poH^A^Hna. On the eve
of the holiday, on the eve ofone's birthday.
HAKJIOH&TBCH see HAKJIOHHTb-CH
HAKJIOHU|TBCH, -roct,/
-embca,-IOTCH imp. j p. HaKJIOHITTBCH, aa-
KJioniocb, naKJioHiimbcn, naKJio-
hatch to bendMaTb naKJioHi'macb naA peSeHKOM.The mother bent over her child.
HAKOHEIJ adv. at last
HaKonen on npiimeji. At last he
has come.HAKGPMHTB see KOPMHTBHAKPBIBA|TB, -io, -obil
>-iot imp.
iito? n e m? / p. nanpLiTb, nanpolio,-emb, -iot to coverHaKpbiTb ctoji cnaTepTbio. To cover
the table with a table-cloth.
HAKPBIBA|TBCH, -iocb, -embCH,-iotch imp. aeM?//>. naKpt'iTbca,
naKpojioCb, -embCH, -iotch to coveroneself
HaKpHBaTbCH OAeffJiOM- 27o cover
oneself with a blanket. HaKpHBaTbCHnJiainoM. To cover oneself with a
raincoat.
HAKPBITB see HAKPBIBATBHAKPLITBCH see HAKPBIBATBCHHAJIEBO adv.
1. Kyfla? to the left. IIohth, no-exaTb, nosepnyTb naJieBO. To go,
to drive, to turn to the left.
2. r a e? on, at, to the left (cf.
CJlEBA). HaJieBO ot namero AOManaxoAHTCH Mara3nn. To the left
of our house is a shop.
HAJ1IIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot q t o?
(nero?) KOMy? k y a imp./
p. naJiwTb, naJib[i6, -enib, -iot; imper.
naJien, past najinji, najnuia, naJra-
ji|o, -h to pour outHaJinBaTb toctio qaio. To pour out
tea for the guest. HaJinrb boali b
rpa$UH. To fill a carafe with water.
HAJIIITB see HAHIIBATBHAJIOE m. tax
BucoKHe naJiora. High taxes.
HAO 74 HAP
IToflOXOAHHH naJior. Income tax.
IIJiaTiiTfc naJior. To pay a tax.
HAOEOPOT adv.
1. the other way round. Oh Bcer^aBee ^eJiaJi Hao6opoT. He alwaysdid everything the other way round.
2. on the contrary. Ona He 3a-
CMeaJiacb, a, naoSopoT, 3an:ia-
KaJia. She did not laugh, on the
contrary, she began crying.
HAnAfl[A|Tf>, -io, -emb, -iot imp. nakoto? na iit 6?/ p. nanacTb, na-
na^ly, -emb, -yr, past HanaJi, -a, -o,
-h to attackTnrpH HanaAaiox na qeJiOBena. Ti-gers attack people.
HAHACTb see HAIIA^ATbHAH
E
HATATb see nEHATATbHAnilCATb see nUCATbHAriOMHHA |Tb , -io, -emb, -iot imp.
k o m y? ' q t o? or o k 6 m? o
um?/ p. HanoMH|HTb, -io, -nnib, -ht1. to remind. Oh nanoMHHJi MHe
o Hamiix npe>KHHx Bcrpekax.Be reminded me of our past
meetings.
2. koto? to remind. Oh nanoM-HHJi MHe o^HOro qeJioBena. Hereminded me of a certain person.
HAHOMHHTb see HAlIOMHHATbHAHPABHTb see HAIIPABJlHTbHAIIPABHTbCH see HAHPABJIilTb-
CHHAIIPABJIEHHE neut.
1. direction. HanpaBJienne ABn>Ke-
hhh. The direction of a move-
ment. IIoe3Aa H^yr b pa3HbixHanpaBJieniTHX. The trains are go-
ing in different directions.
2. school. JlnTepaTypHoe nanpasjie-
HHe. A literary school. Hanpan-Jienne b My3HKe, b miiBomicm.
v A school of music, painting.
O IIo nanpaBJiennio k... In the
direction of...
HAIIPABJIIIjTb, -io, ~emt>v
-iot imp.
koto? xi t o? k k o m y? k y a a? /
p. Hanpa|BHTb, -bjiio, -BHmt, -bht
to send
floKTop iianpaBHJi Mena b canaTo-
piiH. The doctor sent me to a sana-
torium. Mena nanpaBHJiH k Bpagy./ was sent to a doctor. HanpaBHTbHa pa6oTy. To send to work.
HAIIPAB1TbCH
,-ioci>, -einbca,
-iotch imp. k k o m y? Ky^a?/p. nanpa|BHTbca, -bjiiocb, -Bnmbca,-bhtch to goHanpaBJiHTbCH Ha ior. To go to thesouth. HanpaBHTbca k Apy3bHM,snaKOMLiM. To go to see one' s friends,acquaintances. Oh HanpasnAca kABepn. He made for the door.
IIA IIPABO adv.
1. k y a a? to the right. ABTo6'ycnoBepnyJi nanpaBo. The busturned to the right.
2. r^o?^ on, at, to the right (cf.
CilPABA). HanpaBo — moct,naJieBO— cafl. On the right there
is a bridge, on the left, a garden.
Hanpabo ot B0K3aJia — 6oJibmaaroCTimnna. There is a large ho-
tel to the right of the railwaystation.
HAnPACHO adv. wrongly, in vainTh Hanpacno TaK noCTynaemb. Youare wrong in doing that. Or Ha-
npacno oS'lhchrji en oGcxaHOBKy:ona mi^ero ne xoreJia noniiMaTb.He tried in vain to explain the sit-
uation to her: she would not listen
to anything.HAHPHMEP paren. word for example
CJiOBa cpeAHero po^a b pyccKOMH3MKe HMeiOT OKOH^amiH -o n -e.
HanpnMep, okho h Mope. Russianwords of the neuter gender have the
ending -o or -e. For example:okho and Mope.
HAnPOTHB1. adv. opposite. Mara3im naxoAHT-
ch nanpoTHB. The shop is op-
posite.
2. prep. + gen. opposite. HanpoTHBo6nj;e>KHTHH naxoAHTCa SoAbrnonMara3HH. Opposite the hostel is a
large shop.
HAHPH>KEHHE neut., no pi.
1. straining. HanpajKenne Bcex chji.
A straining of all one's efforts,
2. tension. Tok BticoKoro nanpa->KeHHH. High tension current,
fig. MeTKAynapoAHoe nanpa/Ke-
HHe. International tension.
HAPHCOBATb see PHCOBATbHAPOA m.
1. people, nation. PyccKHH aapOA.The Russian people. HapoA^Mnpa. The peoples of the world.
HAP 75 HAy
2. only sing, people. Mnoro napoAa(napoAy). A lot of people.
IlHTepecH napoAa. The interests
of the people. ITpocTon napoA-Ordinary people.
HAPOflHIWfl, -an, -oe, -Lie
1. folk. Hap6#HOe hckvcctbo. Folkart. HapoftHtie necnn. Folk songs.
2. national. HapoAHoe xo3HKctbo.National economy. HapoAnoe 06-
pa30BaHiie. Public education.
3. people's. HapoflHtiH apxircT
GGGP. A People's Artist of the
USSR. HapdAHbiH xvaojkhiikGGGP. A People's Artist of the
USSR (graphic art). Hap6/i;iiLiii
cyA- People's court.
IIAPOMHO adv. on purposeTli CAeJiaJi 3to napo^no hjiii cJiy-
^aihio? Did you do it on purposeor by accident?
HAPyfflA.|TI),;io, -emb, -iot imp.
HToP/p. HapynijnTb, -y, -iiiiil, -ax
1. to break, to violate. HapymriTbhokoh. To break the peace. Ha-pymiiTb THiniiHy. To break the
silence. Hapyrnirrb nopflflOK. Tobreak the peace. HapyiniiTb rpa-
mioy. To violate the border. Ha-pymiiTB AoroBOp. To violate a
treaty.
2. to break. HapymiiTb cjiobo. Tobreak one's word.
HAPymilTb see HAPyifiATbHAPHflH|Mfi, -an, -oe, -Lie
1. well-drepsed. HapaAnan Aecyai-Ka. A well-dressed girl.
2. smart. HapnAiioe iijraxbe. Asmart dress.
HACEJIEHHE neut., no pi. populationHaceJieniie CTpanLi. The population
of a country. HaceJienne ropoAa.The population of a city. Mripiioe
iiacejiernie. Civilian population.
HACKB03L adv. throughIlpoMoKHyTL uacKB03b. To get wet
through.
HACKOJIbKO adv. how muchHacKOJiBKo 3T0 pernenne Jiy^rae
npeJKHero! How much better this
decision is than the old one!
HACMOPK m., no pi. a cold in the
headGhjilhhh nacMopK. A bad cold in
the head. JlerKim nacMopK. Aslight cold in the head. Y uenn
nacMopK. / have a cold In the head.JleicapcTBo ot nacMopna. A medi-cine for a cold in the head.
HACTCflHHBlMfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form HacTonraiB, -a, -o, -h; adv.HacTOiraiBo persistent
HacTO&qxiBbiii ^eJioseK. A persis-
tent person. HacToii^iiBWii xapaK-Tep. A persistent character, HacTOii-^HBan npoCb6a. A pressing request.
GiyAenx uacTot^HBo 3aniiMajicn\The student studied persistently
HACTOJIbKO adv. soOn HaCToJiLKo rjiyn, ^xo mmerone uom&T noHHTb. He is so stupidthat he doesnt understand anything.
HACTOJIbHlWS, -an, -oe, -Lie
1. table, desk. HacTOJibiian JiaMna.
A desk lamp. HacTOJifcHHH Ka-JiOHAapb. A desk calendar. Ha-CTOJibiibie I'irpLi. Table games.
2. fig.: HacTOJiLnan luirira. A. hand-book.
HACTOfimjHii, -an, -ee, -ne real
HacTOHmeo 36jioto. Real gold. Ha-CTOHirtan JiioSobl. True love.
O B nacTOfltutee BpeMn. At pres-
ent.
HACTPOEHHE neut.
1. mood, y Menn ceroAHH njioxoeHacTpoenne. / am in a bad moodtoday.
2. ~\- inf., usu. in negative sentences.
y Men a neT HacTpoeniin pac-
cx^a.3MBaTb. / am not in a
talking mood.HACTyriA|TL\ 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers, -eT, -iot imp./
p. HacTynuTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. iiacTymiT, nacTy-hht to comeHacTynnJio yTpo. Morning came.
HACTyilAlTJb 2, -k>, -enib, -iot imp.
na k o r 6? na mo?/ p. nacTy-nwTB, nacTyruiio, iiacTyninnb, na-
cTynflT1. to tread. HacTynriTb ^ejioueKy
na iiory. To tread on a person's
foot.
2. imp. only to be on the offensive.
ApMHH nacTynaeT. The army is
on the offensive.
HACTyilllTb see HACTyHATb 1 &HACmiATk 2
, 1.
HAyKA /. science
3aHHMa.Tbcn nayKOH, To be a
HAY 76
scientist. EcTecTBeHHtie nayKn.Natural sciences. ryManirrapHLienayKH. Humanities.
HAYHfiTb see y^fiTb, 2
HAyqflTbCH see y^IHTLCHHAyHHlHIl, -an, -oe, -tie scientific
Hayinaa paSoTa. Scientific work,
HayHHHH paSoTHHK. X research
worker. Hay^HLie TpyAH. Scientific
works. HaynnaH 6ii6miOTeKa. Ascientific library. Hay*raoe CTyAeH-necKoe 66inecTB0. A students'
scientific society.
HAXO^HTb, naxoJKy, HaxoAiimb, Ha-
xoaht imp. koto? ito?//>. Han-th, Hansly, -enib, -yr, /?asi Hameji,
HamJi|a, -6, -h to find
HaHTH ny>KHyio Benib. To find the
thing needed. Haifa st hobmh motorpa6oTti. To find a new method ofwork. HaxoAifab pajjocTb b MV3HKe.To find pleasure in music.
<> Mecra ce6e ne naxoftirrb. Tofret. He naxOAiiTb cjiob. Wordsfail one.
HAXOflllTbCH, Haxomycb, naxoAnmb-ca, naxoAHTca imp. to be (situated)
BoJitraoK TeaTp HaxoAnrca b neHT-pe Mockbbi. The Bolshoi Theatreis in the centre of Moscow.
HAIJHOHAJILHOCTb /. nationality
Kto bli no HamiOHajiBHocTH? Whatis your nationality? B CobctckomCoiose MHoro HaimoHajibHOCTen.There are many nationalities in
the Soviet Union.
IIAt^HOHAJIbH ! blS , -an, -oe, -tie
1. national. HaniionaJibnaH KyjibTy-
pa. National culture.
2. national. HannonaJibEHH koc-tiom. National dress.
HAHAJIO neut.
1. beginning, J[ou naxoAHTca b na-
qajie yjiHHH. The house is at the
beginning of the street.
2. beginning. HanaJio yqe6noro ro-
#a. The beginning of the school
year. HanaJio aaHHTHH b 10 aa-
cob. Lessons start at 10 o'clock.
HAHAJIbHlXK m t chief
HA^ATb see HAHHH&TbHAHATbCH see HAHHHATbCHHAHHHAlTb, -io, -efflt^ -iot imp.
it o? & -f- inf, I p. na*iaTi>, naqnly,
efflB, -yx, past nanajr, nanajia, na-iiaji|o, -ii
HaHHHaTb ypoK. To begin a lesson.
HanaTB peab. To begin a speech.
HaqaTb paSoTaTb. To begin work-ing. Ha*iHHaTb yqifabca. To begingoing to school, to begin studying.
HA^HHAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp./
p. HaaaTbcn, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. naaneTca, Ha^nyT-ca, past HaaaJica, naaaji|acb, -6cb,
-ikb to begin3aBTpa na TiHHaeTCH hobmh yneSHMHroA. The new school (academic) year
begins tomorrow.HA HI, -a, -e, -ix pron. our, oursHE particle not
Oh ne yMeex roBopifab no-pyccKii.
He cannot speak Russian. 3 to hoctoJI. This is not a table. 3to neo^enb iiHTepeciiLiii $iuibM. This is
not a very interesting film. 3to nenjioxo, a xopomo. This is not bad,
it is good. Ero He 6bijio flOMa. He^was not at home.
HEBO neut., pi. He6eca, ne6ec, ne6c-
caM, etc. skyroJiy66e He6o. A blue sky. Beceu-Hee He6o. A spring sky.
<> nonacTb naJibneM n ne6o Cf.
To find a mare's nest,
HEBECTA /. fianceeHEr#E adv. nowhere
Bee MecT-a 3anaTbi, Hcrae cecTb.
All the seats are taken, there is
nowhere to sit.
HEftABHO adv. recently
Mh npnexajin b MocKBy HGAaBHO.We have come to Moscow recently.
HEflAJIEKO adv. r ji e? not far
ToBapnni jkhbSt HCAaJieKo ot Me-
hh. My friend lives not far fromme.
HEftEJIH /. weekJhh HeAeJiH. The days of the week.
Ha btovl neAeJie. This week. HepeaneAeJiio. In a week. Tpn pa3a b ne-
AeJiio. Three times a week. MmCAeJiaeM 3Ty pa6oTy 3a HeAe^no.
We shall do this work in a week.
<> y nero ceMb naTHiin; na neAe-Jie. He does not know his own mind.
HEflOCTATlOK m., gen. -Ka draw-
back, shortcoming, defect
HeflOCTaTKH b pa6oTe. Shortcomings
HE>K 77 HEC
in work. V nero MHoro HeAOcraT-
kob. He has many defects.
HE3KH|blft, -an, -oe, -He, short formHe?K6H, HGJKEa, H6H<h|o, -h; adv.
He>KHO1. tender, affectionate. Henraoe
HyBCTBO. A tender feeling. He?K-
hhh B3rJiHA- An affectionate look.
2. tender. Henman Kowa. Tenderskin,
3. tender. I-M^hhe iiBeT. ^4 ientfer
HE3ABHCHMOCTB /., no pi. indepen-
denceCBOOOfta H HG3&BUCHMOCTb CTpaHM.
The freedom and independence of a
country.
HE3ABIICHM
|
bllf , -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form He3aBncHM, -a, -o, -h; adv.
HesaBi'iciiMO independentHesaBHCHMHH xapaKTep. An inde-
pendent character. He3aBiicnMoe ro-
cyAapcTBO. An independent state.
HEKOFftA adv. no timeOh 6 lienb MHoro pa6oTaeT, ewy ne-
Kor^a ryjiHTt. He works a lot, he
}ias no time to go for walks. MegceroAHH HeKor^a. I've no time to-
day.HEKOTOP[Blft, -an, -oe, -ne pron.
some1. B neKOTOpHX panonax cTpamTi
npoinJiH jspy&pfi. It rained in
some parts of the country.
2. only pi. Bee cjiyniajin c imTe-
pecoM, HeKOTOpLie CMeaJiiicb.
Everybody listened with interest,
some people laughed.
HEKYftA adv. nowherey MeHH HeT 3AeCb 3HaKOMHX, MHGneKy^a hatm. Vve no friends here,
I've nowhere to go to
HEJIB3H + m/. k o m y?1. it is impossible. 9Ty 3aAa iiy pe-
rnnTB neJib3ff. This problem can-
not be solved.
2. one must not. Hejib3H myMerbb KOMHaTe 6oJibHoro. You mustnot make a noise in the sickroom.
3AeCB KypiiTB HeJib3ft. Smokingis prohibited here. Mne neJib3H
MHoro 6eraTB. I am not allowed
to run for a long time.
HEMHOFO adv. (a) little
fl 3aHHMaJiCH ceroflHfi neMnoro. /
studied for a short time today.
HeMEoro noryjmn h npnxoAii aomoh.Go for a short, walk and then comehome. V nac neMHoro BpeMenn. Wehave little time left.
HEHABHIAETb, -my, -ahbib, -ah?imp. koto? n t o? to hateH HenaBH>Ky 3tofo qejiOBeKa. /hate that man.
HEHABHCTb /., no pl t k KOMy?k q e m y? hatred
HEOEXOflffll[BlH, -an, -oe, -Bie, short
form Heo6xojiHM, Heo6xoAHM|a, -o,
-bi; adv. neo6xoA™o necessaryHeoSxoAHMbie Benin. Necessarythings. Heo6xoji;iiMbie Kurirn. Thebooks one needs. Heo6xojuiMO c#e-
JiaTb onepanmo. An operation is
necessary.
HEOEBIKHOBEHHIBIH, -aa, -oe, -bie;
adv. Heo6HKHOBenuo unusualHeo6HKHOBennoe nyxemecTBne. Anunusual journey.
HEOSKfiflAHHIMft, -an, -oe, -bie; adv.
HeoH^nAaHHO unexpectedHeo>KHAaHHoe co6brme. An unex-
pected event. HeojKHjiaHHbTH. npnesA.An unexpected arrival Oxen Bep-
nyjiCH HeoHtiiAanHO. The father re-
turned unexpectedly.
HEPBHIblfi, -an, -oe, -bie
t. nervous. Hepenafi cncTeMa Thenervous system..
2. nervous. HepBUbin ^eJioBen. Anervous person.
3. nervous. HepBiibie 6oJie3nn. Ner-vous diseases.
HECKOJIBKIO num., gen. -hx several
Ha coSpaniiH bbictviihjio necKOJibKO
qeJioBeK. Several people spoke al
the meeting. Ha BKCKypcHH ne ohjio
HecKOJiBKHX CTyAGHTOB. Several stu-
dents were absent from the excur-
sion.
HECMOTPJl HA prep. +acc. in spite of
HecMOTpn na ruioxyio noroAy,
mm xoAnJiii ryjiFiTb. In spite of
the bad weather we went out for a
walk.
<> HecMOTpn hh na hto. In spite
of everything.
HEC|T#, -y, -emb, -yT, past mc, nec-
|na, -jio, -Jin, imp. ^ito? Ky«a?1. to carry. HecTw neMOAaH. To
carry a suit-case. HecTH pe6en-
Ka na pynax. To carry a child
in one's arms. HecTi'i Kimrii b
EEC 78 HUM
6n6JiKOTeKy. To carry the books
to the library.
2. fig. to bear. HecTH oTueTCTBeH-
HOCTb. To bear the responsibili-
ty, HecTH HaKa3aHiie. To bear
the punishment. HecTH nofepii.
To suffer losses,
HECHACTH|blS, -an, -oe, -He un-lucky, unfortunateHec^acTHHii nejiOBeK. An unluckyperson.
<0> HecHacTHbiii cJiynau. An acci-
dent.
HECHACTBE neut. misfortuneOiyHHJiocb necnacTbe. A misfor-
tune has happened.
HET particle
1. no. Bli HAGTe b khho? — HeT."Are you going to the cinema?"
"No, I am not."
2. not, no. y Menn ner btoh khh-rn. / haven't got that book. Ha3toh yjinne Hex Mara3HHOB. Thereare no shops in this street. EroneT ftOMa. He is not at home.
HEy>K£«JIH emphatic particle really
HeyjKeJin bbi ne miT&JiK §Toro po-
MaHa? Haven't you read this novel?
HEOTb /., no pi. oil
MecTopoacAeHiie ne$TH. An oil de-
posit. ,jC[o6biBaTb ne$Tb. To extract
oil.
HEMAHHHO adv. by accident
H HeqanHHo pas6irji craKan, I broke
the glass by accident.
HEHEFO pron., dat. neneMy, instr.
He^eM, prepos. He o HeM -{-inf. no-thingMHe Henero AeJiaTb. Vve got no-
thing to do. TaK AymHO, hto HeieMAKtmaTb. It's so stuffy: one canhardly breathe. Mne ne o neM 66n.h-
me roBopiiTb, Vve nothing else to
say. HeneMy paAOsaTbCH. There'snothing to be happy about.
HH particle not a
Ha He6e hh 66JiaHKa. There is not
a single cloud in the sky.
HH ... HH conf. neither... norHh rhqm, hh no^bio He npeKpam;a~Jiacb pa6oTa. Work went on dayand night without stopping. Hh h,
HH MOH 6paT HHKOFAa He 6hjih bMocKBe. Neither my brother nor
myself has ever been to Moscow.
HHr#E adv. nowhereBlijio y>Ke n63fliio, Hiir,n;e ne 6lijio
buaho Jiioflen. It was already late,
no people could be seen anywhere.Hnr^e He Mory Kynnrb sToro yn:e6-
HHKa. / can't buy this text-book
anywhere. Hnr^e hot cbo66ahlixMecT. There are no vacant seats
anywhere.
HK>KH|HIi, -hh, -ee, -ho
1. lower. Hhjkhhh nojiKa. The lower
berth.
2, : Hnnaiee 6eJlbe. Underwear.HH3K|HII, -an, -oe, -no, short form
HH30K, HH3Ka, HH3K|0, -Ii; adv. HII3K0;
com p. imme1. low. Hh3khh hom. A low house.
2. low. Hh3khh ypoBeiib jkh3hh.
A low living standard. Hn3KanreMnepaTypa. A low temperature.TeMnepaTypa HH?Ke nyjia. Atemperature below zero. Hn3KiieHeHbi. Low prices. Hii3K0e AaB-Jienne. Low pressure.
3. low. HH3KHH roJioc. A low voice.
HHKOrjjA adv. neverOh HHKOrfla He onasftLiBaji. Henever came late.
HHKTO pron., gen., acc. HHKoro [-bo],
dat. HHKOMy, instr. HHKeM, prepos,
hh o kom nobodyHhkto ne anaeT, Kan penraib Enry
3aAany. Nobody knows how to solve
this problem. H #aBHo ynce minorane BH^eji. / haven't seen anybodyfor a long time. HiiKOMy ne rono-
pn 06 3TOM. Don't tell anyone about
it. Oh hh o kom He xo^er #yMaTb.He doesn't want to think about
anyone.HHKy#A adv. nowherey MeHH HJioxoe HacrpoeHHe, it hmiKyna ne xomy. I am in a bad
mood and I don't go anywhere.
HflT|KA /., gen. pi. -ok thread
KaTymKa hhtok. A reel of thread.
B^eTb HiixKy b urotfKy. To thread
a needle.
HHHErO [-bo]
1. adv. not bad. KaK a nanncaji
KOHTpoJibiiyio pa6oTy? — Hn lie-
ro. How did I write my test-
paper?" "Not bad."
2. particle that's all right. M3BH-
HHTe, ncwKajiyiicTa. — Hinero."Excuse me." "That's all right."
HHTI 79 HOC
HHHTO [-mTo] pron., gen. HHHerd[-Bo],dat. HHqeMy, instr. HiiqeM, prepos.
hh o *ieM nothingOh HH^ero He 3naeT. He does not
know anything. Oh HHqeMy He Ha-
yiMJica. He didn't learn anything.
Oh HEraeM ne HHTepecyeTca. He is
not interested in anything. H hgMor hh o qeM nyu^Th. / couldn't
think of anything.HO conj. but
CoJiHHe CB6THT, ho He rpeeT. Thesun is shining, but it is not givingany warmth. H B^epa 3Bohhji Te<5e,
ho Te6;r He 6hjio flOMa. / rangyou up yesterday, but you werenot at home.
HOBOrOflH|Hli, -hh, -ee, -ne New-YearHoBoroAHHH HOHb. New-Year night.
HoBoro^HHe nosflpaBJieHHH. New-Year messages. HoBoro^Hne no?Ke-
JiaHHH. New-Year wishes. HoBoroA-hhh 6aJi. A New-Year ball.
HOBOCT|B /., gen. pi. -en
1. news. Coo6m;aTB hoboctb. Totell the news. Xopomne hobocth.Good news.
2. only pL: Hobocth ahh. Newsreel.Hobocth HayKH n TexmiKH. Thelatest developments in science andtechnology.
HGB|BlH, -an, -oe, -Bie, short formhob, HOBa, hob|o, -li
1. new. Hoblih aom. A new house.
HoBoe HJiaTLe. A new dress.
2. new. HoBan KHnra. A new book.
Hobhh qeJioBeK. A new man.3. modern. HoBan hctophh. Modern
history.
4. new. Hobum roA- New Year.
HOrA acc. Hory; pi. Horn, nor,HoraM, etc. foot, legBhmhtb Horn. To wash one's feet.
BiiTHpanTe Horn. Wipe your feet.
Hath b nory c b6kom. To keepabreast of time.
HOF|OTB m., gen. -th; gen. pi. -Tea(finger) nail
KycaTB hoith. To bite one's nails.
H05K m.t gen. -a knife
Octphh hojk. A sharp knife. Tynofihojk. A blunt knife. Pe3aTB xJie6H05KOM. To cut bread with a knife.HepoqHHHHH ho?k. A pen-knife.
HO/KjKA /., gen. pi. -etc leg
HoJKKa CTOJia, cryjia. The leg of a
table, chair.
H02KHHU,BI no sing., gen. hojkhhh.scissors
OcTpEie hojkhhhbi. Sharp scissors,
HOJT|B m.y gen. -h zero
n6e3A npuraeJi b ABenaALiaTBhojib-hojib. The train arrived at
twelve sharp.
HOMEP m., pi. -a
1. number. HoMep #6Ma. num-ber of a house. HoMep TpaMBan.The number of a tram. HoMepTejietjona. A telephone number.
2. issue. AnpeJibCKiiH homop >Kyp-Hsuia. The April issue of the
magazine.
3. reom. Howep b rocTimiiue. Ahotel room.
4. size. HoMep 6othhok, nepnaTOK.The size of shoes, gloves,
5. item. HoMep b kohik^pthoh npo-rpaMMe. An item on the concert
programme. L(hpkob6h HoMep.A turn in the circus. McnoJiHflTB
HoMep, To perform an item^
HOPMA /. norm, standard, quotaHopMa BiipaSoTKH. An outputstandard. Bmhojihatb HopMy. Tocarry out the quota. HepeBLinoJi-hhtl nopMy. To exceed the
quota.
HOPMAJIBH|BlU, -an, -oe.^ -tie, short
form nopMaJien, HopMaJiBH|a, -o,
-h; adv. HopMaji&HO normalHopMaJibHaa TeMnepaTypa. Normaltemperature. HopMaJiBHoe AaBJieHHe.Normal pressure. HopMaJiBHLie yc-
jiobhh TpyAa. Normal conditions
for work.
HOC m.t
prepos. o Hoce & na (b) ho-cy; pi. -bi
1. nose. npHMon hoc. A straight
nose.
2. bow. Mbi cHAeJTH na nocy jioa-
kh. We were sitting in the bowof the boat.
O noeecHTb hoc. To be crestfallen.
Boahtb Koro-nn6yAB 3a hoc. Tolead somebody by the nose. He bh-AeTb AaJibine coScTnenHoro noca.Not to see further than one's
nose.
HOC 80 OBE
IIOCHTB, nomy, iiocniub, hocht imp.k o r 6 ? 4 t o? k y a a?
1. to carry. KanvWii Aenb noq-TaJibon hocht naM noHTy. Everyday the postman brings us ourpost. On hocht khhtk b nopx-(J)eJie. He carries his books in
Ins bag.
2. to wear. Hocnxb MHrnyio htjih-
ny. To wear a soft hat. Hochtb6ycei, cepbrn. To wear beads,
ear-rings.
HOCKH pl.tgen. hockob; sing, hocok,
m., gen. nocua socksIlIepcTHHLie hockh. Woollen socks.
ITapa iiockob. A pair of socks.
HOTA 1/.
1. note. B3HTL BHCOKyiO (HH3KVIO)hotv. To sing a high (low) note.
2. no sing, music. HrpaTb no HOTaM.To play from music. Mrpaxb6e3 hot. To play without music.
HOTA2/. note
HoTa npoTecTa. A note of protest.
HoTa coBercKoro npaBMTeJibCTBa.A note of the Soviet Government.
HOHHjOlI, -an, -do, -Lie nightHoHiian Tiiniiiua. The silence of the
night. Hoqnafi CMena. The night
shift. Honnan py6amKa. A night-gown, a night-shirt.
IIOMIb /., gen. pi -en nightTi'ixaa ho iis. A quiet night. JTyn-nan ho^ib. A moonlit night. 3Be3A~Han Hoqb. A starlit flight. B no^b noAHob Mil roft. On New-Year's night.
<> CuoiiouHoii (floSpon) hohh.Good-night!
HOxIBIO adv. at nightHohbio oh cnaJi necnoKOHHO. Hespent a restless night. B^epa ho^biokto-to nocryiaji k naM b okho.Last night somebody was knockingat our window.
1I0}1BP|B m., gen. -h, no pi. Novem-ber
HPAjBlITBCH, -bjiiocb, "Biihibch, -bht-ch imp. k o m y? ieny? &-\-inf.f
p. nOHpa| BHTbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHIHbCH,-bhtch to like
Mho onenb HpaBiiTCH 3Ta fteBymKa./ like that girl very much. Kirao-$ftJIBM HaM He HOHpaBHJICH. Wedidn't like the film. BaM npaBHTCHryjiHTb Do you like takingwalks here?
Hy>K$AlTbCH, -iocb, -embcH, -jeotch
imp. b k o m? b h e m? to needBoJibHoH nyjKAaeTCH b csemeu bo3-nyxe. The patient needs fresh air.
Iiy>KHO kom y? h e m y? + inf. & +conj. h t 6 6 h it is necessary, mustHaM hvjkho MHoro 3aHHMaTbCH. Wemust study a lot. Hy?KH0, tt66hb KpMHaTe 6mjio hiicto. The roommust be clean.
HyHvH|BItIr
-an, -oe, -He, short formHymen, ny>Kna t ny>KH0, nymuhikom y? h e m y? necessary, that is
neededHyjKHMH qeJiOBeK. A man who is
needed. Hv>khhii yqe6HHK. A ne-
cessary text-book. Bta. Kiinra Hys%-na Mne ceroAHH. / need this booktoday. Mne Hy?KHw Ty$JiH. / needshoes. 3tot yneSmiK MHe ne Hy>Ken./ don't need this text-book.
0, o
(OB, OBO) prep. ~\~ prepos. & acc.
1. ^rprepos. about, of. 3a6oTiiTbCHo 3AOpoBbe. To take care of one's
health. flynaTb o poAHHe. To thinkabout one's country. MeHTarb o
Sy^yineM. To dream of the future.
^rrraTb KHnry o 3KH3HH cob6T-ckoh MOJiOflejKH. To read a bookabout the life of Soviet youth,
BocnoMiraaHHH 06 OTUfi. Reminis-cences (memories) of one's father.
2, ~\-acc. on. Bojihh 6;uincb o 6e-
per. The waves beat on the shore.
OBA m. & neut., gen. o66nx; 66e /.,
gen. o6enx num. both06a APyra ynaTcn b HHCTHTyTe.Both friends study at the institute.
05e fleBymKH xopomo TaHneBaJin.Both the girls danced well.
OBER m. dinnerBKycHHH o6eA- A tasty dinner,
0.6eA H3 Tpex 6jiioa. A three-course
dinner.
<> 3a o0enoivi. At dinner. IIpHrjia-
CHTb na o66a. To invite to dinner.
0BE3A|TL, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
J
p. noo6eAa|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot to havedinner06eAaxb b ctojioboh. To have dinner
at a dining-hall. Bbicxpo nooSeAaTb.To have a quick dinner.
OBE 81 OEP
OBECnEHHBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot
imp. koto? h e m? or komj?h t oil p. c^ecne^lHTb, -y, -nmb, -aT
to provideOSecne^HTb CTpoirrejibCTBO Mamn-HaMH. To provide machinery for a
construction project.
OBECIlEHHTb see OEEdlE^HBATbOBEnjAJTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. & p.
K o m y? it o? -}— inf. / p. also no-
o6ema|Tb, -10, -emb, ~k>t to promiseH oSemaio BbinoJiHHTb Barny npocb-
6y. / promise to fulfil your re-
quest. A oSemaio, ^to npn;i.y k BaMceroAHfl Be^epOM. / promise to comeand see you this evening. Oh (no)-
o6emaJi y3HaTb o BpeMenn co6pa-hhh. He promised to find out the
time of the meeting.
OEtfAETb see OBH2KATBOEUflETbCH see OEBDKATbCH0B23H0 predic. impers. (to be)
sorry; (to be) offendedMne oSh^ho, *ito a He nonaJi b
TeaTp. / am sorry I didn't get to
the theatre.
0EH5KA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. k o-
ro? / p. o6ii[^eTb, -my, -,n;ninb, -ahtto offend, to ill-treat
06iTfl,eTb flpyra. To offend a friend.
HeJibsH o6s}KaTb MajieHbKHx. Youmustn't ill-treat the little ones.
OEMKA|TbCH, -rocb, -emhcs, -iotch
imp. na koto? Ha hto?/p. o6H|fleTbCH, -?Kycb, -flnmbca, -aht-
ch to take offence, to be offendedOSiTA^TbCfl na 6paTa. To take offence
at one's brother. He o6smaHCH Hamoh CJiOBat Don't be offended at mywords!
6BJ1AK|0 neut. f pi. -a
1. cloud. J^ojKAeBoe 66JiaKO. Araincloud. rpo30Bbie oSjiana.Thunderclouds.
2. fig. cloud. 06jiaK0 hhjih. A dustcloud.
OBJIACT|b gen. pi. -en
1. region. 06JiacTb JiecoB. The for-
est region.
2. region. ApxaHrejibCKan 66jiacTb.
The Arkhangelsk region.
3. field. HoBan 66Jiacrt Hayioi. Anew field of science.
4. region. 06jiacTb cepjina. The re-
gion of the heart.
OEMAH^Tb see OBMA HblBATbOEMAHbIBA|Tb, -emb, -k>t imp.
ko ro?/p. o6ManyTb, o6MaHy, o6Ma-Henib, o6ManyT to deceiveToBapnm roBOpuji, *tto npnAex, hoo6Manyji: He npnmeji. The friendsaid he would come, but he didn'tkeep his word.
<0> OSManyTb Hafte/KM**!. To dis-
appoint somebody' s hopes. OfoiaHyTbAOBepne. To, betray somebody' s trust.
OBMEHtfTbCH see M£H#TbCHs i
OBIlJHMA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot Imp.Koro?//>. o6HHTb, oSnnMy, o6mr-Memb, oohhmvt, past oGbhji, -a,
66hhjih to embrace06HHTb Apyra. To embrace one's
friend. 06naTb CTapyio MaTb. Toembrace one's old mother,
OBHHMAjTbCH, -k>cb, -erabca, -iotchimp. c KeM?/p. o6iiHTbCH, o6nn-Mycb, o6HHMembCH, o6nnMyTCH,past o6hh|jich, -jiacb, -jiricb to
embraceKpenKO o6HHTbCH c TOBapHmeM. To
,embrace one
1
s friend heartily,
0EH#Tb see OEHHMATbOBHUTbCH see OEHHMATbCHOEOtM see OEXOflftTbOBOPOHA /., no pi. defenceOBOPy^OBAHHE neut., no pi. equip-
mentHoBenmee oSopyAOBaene. The mostup-to-date equipment.
OBPAftOBATb see PAflOBATbOB PA^OBATbCH see PAflOBATBCH0BPA3 m.
1. character. JlnTepaTypHLm 66pa3.A literary character.
2. way. 06pa3 jkh3hh, mmcjih. Away of life, of thinking.
<> TaKHM 66pa30M. So; thus. Fjias-HMM 65pa30M. Mainly.
OB PA30BAHHE neut., no pi. educa-tionIIpaBO na o6pa30BaHHe. The right
to education. Bucmee o6pa30BaHfie.Higher education. IiOJiy^niTb o6pa-30BaHne. To be educated. Kai<6e ysac o6pa30BaHiie? What educationhave you?
0BPA3|0BATb, -yio, -yemb, -yiorimp. & p. h. t o?
i. to set up. 06pa30BaTb komhc-chio. To set up a commission.
OBP 82 OET>
2. to form, to make up. flBa aTOMa
BO,o;op6fta h atom KiicjiopoAa 06-
pa3yiOT MOJieKyJiy bo^li. Twoatoms of hydrogen and one atom
of oxygen make up a molecule of
water.
OEPA3|OBATbCH t 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers, yeTCH, -yioTCH
imp. & p. to be formed06pa30BaJioci> noBoe rocyAapcTBo.
A new state was formed. B pe3yjib-
TaTa xHMifaecKOH peaKE^HH o6pa-
3yeTCH noBoe BeinecTBo. As a re-
sult of a chemical reaction a newsubstance is formed.
OBPATflTB see OBPAHJATbOBPATflTBCH see OEPAHjlTbCHOEPATH|blfI, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. 06-
paTHo returnOSpaTHtiH SiiJieT. A return ticket.
Ha o6paTHOM uyrih On one's return
journey. Ty^a on exaJi na noe3,ne,
a o6paTiio jictcji caMOJieTOM. Hewent there by train and came backby plane.
OBPAmA|TB, -10,^ -enib, -k>t imp.ito?/p. o6pa|THTB, -my, -TKinb,
-THTOGpaTHTb BHHMaHiie. To pay atten-
tion. OSpaxrixe BHHMatine na 3ToroqeJiOBena! Look at that man!
OEPAIIJAjTbCH, -10CB, -embca, -iotch
imp. k KOMy? k qeMy?/p. o6pa|-
THTbCH, -IHyCb, -THfflLCJI, -THTCH to
turn (to), to address, to apply06"paTHTtCH k coGpaBraiiMca. Toaddress a meeting. OGpaTHTBCfl c
npocb6oii k /inpeKTOpy. To address
a request to the director. OSpaTHTb-ch k Bpa^y 3a coBeTOM. To turn to
a doctor for advice.
OBCTAHOBKA /., no pi.
1. furniture. 06cTanoBKa KoMiiaTBi.
The furniture of the room.
2. situation, atmosphere. Memjxy-HapoflHaa oScTaHOBKa. The inter-
national situation Bece/janpomJia b n,py>KecTBeHHoii oScxa-HoBKe. The conversation tookplace in a friendly atmosphere.
OBCYflflTB see OBCyHxflATBOECy>K$A|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
h t o?/p. o6cy^«TB, o6cymy, o6cy-AHfflb, oGcy^HT to discussOGcy/IHTb Ba>KHHH Bonpoc. Todiscuss an important question. 06cy-
£i.tTb HOBLIH KHH0(f)ITJIbM, ftOKJiaft.
To discuss a new film, a report.
OBYBb f., no pi. footwearOEXOflfTTb, o6xo?Ky, o6x6flHmb, 06-
xoaht imp. koto? <2T0?/p. o6oii|-
th, -jxy, -Aemb, -ftyT, past o6oraeJi t
o6onui|a, -6, -h
1. to go round. 06ohth BOKpyr #6-
Ma. To go round the house.
2. to go round. 06ohth aymy. Togo round a puddle. 06ohth ropy.To go round a hill.
3. to visit. 060HTIT Bee Mara3HHH.To visit all the shops.
OBmEJKflTHE neut. hostel
OryAeHqecKOe o6me5KHTHe. A stu-
dents' hostel. JKhtb b o6nie?KriTHH.
To live at a hostel.
OEIB.ECTBEHHIbia, -an, -oe, -He1. social. OdmecTBeHULiH cTpoii.
Social system.
2. social, public. 06in;ecTBeHHaH pa-
6oTa. Social work. 06rn;ecTBeHHbie
opranii3an;Hii. Public organisa-
tions.
<0> 06mecTBeHiiLiH ^eflTejib. Apublic figure.
OBmECTBO neut.
1. society. Kom
m
yhhct eck e 66-
nrecTBO. Communist society. Byp-?Kya3Hoe 66m;ecTBO. Bourgeoissociety.
2. society. Hay*raoe 66inecTB0. Ascientific society. CnopTHBHoe66mecTBO. A sports society. 06-mecTBO ffpyH<6bi c 3apy6eH{HLiMHCTpanaMii. A society of friend-
ship with foreign countries.
OBimHfi, -an, -ee, -ne
1. common. 06inHe HBrepecbi. Com-mon interests. 06iiiee HMyrnecT-bo. Common property. V mix Bee
66iu;ee. They have everything in
common.2. general. 06mHe Bonpocbi. Gen-
eral questions.
<> HeT (or ne hm6ti>) Hiinero 66-
mero c KeM-/qeM-jiH6o. To havenothing to do with somebody/some-thing. B 66"meM. In general.
OBtEflHHfiTb see OE'bEflHHflTbOBT^EflHHflTbCH see OB'bEflH-
HIlTbCHOE'LEflHHHlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? hto?/p. o6'Lefl;iffl|HTb, -io t
-nnib, -ht to unite
0E1> 83 oro
OS^eflHHHTb CHJIBI 6opnoB 3a MHp.To unite the efforts of the cham-pions of peace.
OB-BEflHHfilTbCH, -iocb, -embcH,-xotcji imp. c KeM? c qeM?/p. 06'LeAHH|HTLCfl;, -lOCb, -HDIbCH, -flT-
ch to uniteOhu oSteAHHHJiiicb c ApyriiM koji-
xo30m fljiH nocTpoiiKH 66men 3JieK-
TpOCTanii;KH. They pooled together
resources with another collective
farm to build a common electric pow-er station.
OBTbEM m. volume06beM TeJia. The volume of a body.
OEnbHBflTB see OE'BHB.MTBOEMBJIEHIIE neut.
1. announcement. OSbflBJieniie o
co6paHHEr. Announcement of a
meeting.
2. advertisement, notice. J^ocKao6i>HBJieHiin. A notice board.
flaTB oStflBJieHHe b ra3ery. Toput an advertisement in a news-paper.
OET>HBJIJ!|TB, -jo, -emb, -tot imp.'ito? o qeM?//?. oS-bhbhtb, o6%kb-jik>, o6"T>fiBHnib, oS'bhbht to an-nounce, to declare
06i>HBUTb o pemenHH, To announcea decision. 06t>hb[}tb bohhv. Todeclare war.
<> 06'hfiBUTh 5jiaroAapnocTb. Toexpress one's gratitude.
OBT>flCHKTb see OBT>HCH#TBOB'BiTClMlTB, -to, -enib, -k>t imp.
q TO? K M y? / p. o6i»hch1htb, -jo,
-imib, -An to explain06i>hciihtb ypoK. To explain a les-
son. 06T»ffCHHTb 3aAaHy. To explain
a task. 06bHCHHTb cboio mhcjib. Toexplain one's idea. IIpenoRaBaTeJibo6i>hchhji CTy^eiiTaM Tpy^noe npa-bhjio. The teacher was explaining a
difficult rule to the students.
OB LIKHOBEHH[Bill , -an, -oe, -He
ordinary6hkh
o
Behhlth ^eJiOBeK. An ordi-
nary man. 6btkhoBennaH pa6oTa.Ordinary work.
OEB'IHAfi m. customHanHOnajibHLie o6Lnan. Nationalcustoms.
OBfflHHO adv. usually
06hhho h BCTaio b 7 nacoB yTpa.
/ usually get up at 7 o'clock in themorning.
OB&HHIBltt, -a*, -oe, -He ordinaryOSmhhhh ^enb. An ordinary day.
0BH3AHH0CTB /. duty, obligationIIpaBa h oSaaaHHOCTiL Rights andobligations.
OBH3ATEJ1BHO adv. by all means,certainly, without fail
3xy paSoTy HaAO o6fl3aTejibHo ca<3-
JiaTb ceroAHH. This work must be
done today without fail. 06a3aTeJib-HO riOCMOTpifTC 3Ty K ITHOKapTH-
ny. Make sure you see this film.
H npiifly k BaM o6fl3aTeJibno. I'll
certainly come to see you.
OBJIA,HEBA{TB, -10, -emb, -iot imp.KeM? *j e m? / p. OBJia^elTb, -10,
-emb, -iot to seize, to masterOBJiaAeTb KpenocTbio. To seize a
fortress. OBJia;j,eTB m-iHKOM. To mas-ter a language. OBJiafteBaTb 3nannH-mh. To get knowledge. OB&afleTb ho-boh cnerxiiajibHOCTbio. To master anew speciality.
OBJIAAETB see QBJTAftjEBATBOBOimil pi., gen. pi. -en vegetables
CBejKHe oBomu- Fresh vegetables.
Panniie OBonim Early vegetables.
OrjlHflBIBAITBCH, -iocb, -enibca,
--iotch imp. I p. orJiflHyrbCH, orjia-
uycb, orjiHuembCH, orJianyTCH to
glance backOrJianyTbCH Ha3a,u\ To glance back.
H 6biCTpo orJifliiyjiCH. / glancedback quickly.
OrJIHHyTBCH see OrjI#HBIBATb-CH
OEOHB m., gen. ortm; pi. o?m\1. no pi. fire. HpniiH oroHb b uemk.
A bright fire in the stove.
2. light. 3aH<eHr> oronb. To switch on
the light. IIoracHTb oroHb. Toswitch off the light. OniH ropo^a.The lights of the city.
<> BoflTbca KaK ornji. Cf. To fear
like death. Hath b oroHb h bo-
jxy 3a k6m-jib6o, 3a Koro-jin6"o.
Cf. To go through thick and thin
after, for somebody. HeT AbiMa6es orim (proverb). There is no
smoke without a fire.
OrOPO/j; rn. kitchen-gardenEoJibmon oropoA- ^ large kitchen-
garden. Pa66raTb na oropoAe. Towork in the kitchen-garden. B oropoAe
orp 84 OKA
pacTex KapTo$eJib. Potatoes grow
in the kitchen-garden.
OrPOMH|blH, -an, -oe, -He, short
form orpoMen, orpoMH|a, -o, -bi
huge, great
OrpoMHMH ropoA- A huge city. Or-
pOMHbie bo3m6>khocth. Great possi-
bilities. OrpoMHEJH ycnex. Great
success.
OryP|EU; m., gen. -na cucumberPaHHHe orypiiw. Early cucumbers.
GoJieHHe orypnbi. Salted cucumbers.
OflEBAlTb, -K) f-erab, -k>t imp. ko-
to? bo ht6?/p. OAe|Tb, >ny,
-nefflb, -HyT to dress
OfleBaTb peSeuna. To dress the
child. OAeTb pe6eHKa b hobog
nJiaTbe. To dress the child in a
new dress.
OftEBAlTBCH, -ioct, -embCH, -iotch
imp. bo ^to?/p. OAe|rbCH, -nycb,
-nenibCH, -HyTCH to dress
3hm6h naflo renjio OAe-BaTbCH. Youmust dress in warm clothes in win-
ter. Xopoino ofteBaTbCH. To dress
well. OAeTbca bo Bee hoboc To be
dressed in new clothes. OACBaTbC
co BKycOM. To dress taste fully.
OflESKflA /., no pi. clothes
Pa66 liaa 0Ae>KAa. Working clothes.
BepxHHH OAewfla. Outdoor clothes.
OJl£Tb see OflEBATbOflETBCfl see OflEBATBCHOflEHJIO neut. blanket; quilt
Bamoe OAe>iJio. A quilt. HaKpbi-
BaTbCH OAeaJiOM. To cover oneself
with a blanket.
OflflH, OAHa, onno, oahii pron.
1. alone. H jKiiBy oahh. / live alone.
H He jiioSjieo ryJiHTb OAHa. /
don't like walking alone.
2. alone, only. H oahh Mory 3to
CAeJiaib. / alone can do this.
3. one Oai'ih moh Apyr (oahh H3momx APyBen) paccKa3aji mhoHHTepecnyio HCTopmo. A friend
of mine told me an interesting
story.
4. the same. Mm yqnMca na oahomKypce. We are in the samecourse.
5. used as n. one. Oahh nonceji na-
jieBO, APyroii — nanpaBo. Onewent to the left; the other, to
the right.
OflHHAKOB | LIS , -aa, -oe, -bie, short
form oAHHaKOB, -a, -o, -bi; adv.
oahhelkobo same, identical9tH HJiaTbH COBC6M OAHHaKOBbie.These dresses are quite identical.
Y hijx OAHHaKOBbie B3rJiflAbi najiHTeparypy. They have the sameideas on literature.
OflHHOKlHfi, -an, -oe, -nef
short
form oahhok, -a, -o, -n; adv. oj\k-
hoko1. lonely. Oahhokhh nejiOBeK. A
lonely man.2. solitary. Oahhokoc RepeBo, A
solitary tree.
3. lonely. OAHHOKaa >KH3Hb. A lone-
ly life.
0,D(HAiK#BI adv. once, one dayOfl|HAKO conf. however
JJojkab jihji Kai< H3 BeApa, OAHaKOpa66Ta ne npeKpamaJiacb. The rain
fell in torrents, but the work neverstopped.
OftHOBPEMEHHILlft, -an, -oe, -bie;
adv. oAHOBpeMenno simultaneousMbi OAHOBpeMenno npnexajiH naBOK3aJi. We arrived at the station
at the same time.
03EPO neut., pi. 03epa lake03epo BaHKaJi. Lake Baikal. }Ke-HeBCKoe 03epo. The Lake of Geneva.
OKA3ATB see OKA3MBATBOKA3ATBCH see OKA3BIBATbCHOKA3L>lBA|Tt>, -io, -ernb, -iot imp.
ii t o? kom y? n a k o r 67/p. OKa-3aTb, oKamy, oKajKemb, OKa>KyTto render, to offer, to exert
OKB3biBaTb noMOHit. To render as-
sistance. OKa.3biBaTb conpoTHBjie-HH6. To offer resistance. OKa3biBaTbBJiHHHne (na Koro, hto). To influ-
ence (somebody).
OKA3MBA[TBCH ,-iocb, -embcn, -iot-
ch imp. j p. 0Ka3aTbCH, 0Ka>Kycb,0Ka>KembCH, okeukvtch1. k e m? k a k ii m? to turn out to
be. Oh OKa3aJica onenb HHTe-pecHRM HeJioseKOM. He turnedout to be a very interesting man.
2. to find oneself. HeosKHflanno mli
OKa3aJincb na He3HaK0M0H yjin-
H,e. Suddenly we found ourselves
in an unfamiliar street. Ona-SaTbCH B TpyAHOM H0JI0JK6HHH.To find oneself in a difficult
situation.
OKA 85 oiia
3. par en. word OKa3BiBaexcH, Be-
^ep 6y#eT ne b cy66oxy, a bBOCKpeceHte. The evening-partyis in fact to take place on Sun-day and not on Saturday.
OKAH^HBAiTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.HT0?//?. 0K6hh|KXB, -y, -HHIB, -aT
to finish
Okohhhtb pa66xy. To finish work,
Okohhhtb mKOJiy. To finish school.
Okoh^hxb hhcthxvt. To graduatefrom the institute.
OKAHHUBA |TBCH , 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -ioxch,
imp. -qeM? /p. okoh*i|iixbch, 1st &2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -hxch,
-axcn to endCneKTaKJib OKonqEJicn hos^ho. Theperformance ended late.
OKEAH m. oceanThxhh oneaH. The Pacific Ocean.ATJianTi'raecKHH OKean. AtlanticOcean. napoxoA naxoAHxcn cen^acb OKeane. The ship is now at sea.
OKHO neut., pi. OKHa, okoh, oKnaM,etc. windowOKHa bbixoaht Ha yjisnj. The win-dows overlook the street. CMOxpeTBB okho. To look through the win-dow. CwcoTpeTb ii3 OKHa. To look
out of the window.OKOJIO prep. + gen.
1. near. Okojio Mara3HHa ctohjioMHoro HapoA^. There were manypeople near the shop. Oh ceJi oko-jio Mena. He sat down beside me.
2. about. Mm ryjinjra okojio jXByx^lacoB. We walked for about twohours.
OKOHHAHHE neut. completion,end(ing)OKOHHanne CTponrejibcTBa. Thecompletion of the construction.
OKonqaHne ceasca. The end of aperformance.<> OKOH^anire crieAyeT. To be con-
tinued.
OKOHHHTB see OKAHHHBATBOKOHHHTBCH see OKAHHHBATBCHOKPEHHYTb see KPEnHYTBOKPY/KAlTb, -K), -emi>, -kjt imp.
KOTO? H T 0? H e M?//>. OKpyH<|HTI>,
-y, -iimh, -aT
1. to surround, ^exn oKpyjKHJinMaTB. The children surroundedtheir mother.
2. usu. no p. to surround. flepeB-hio co Bcex CTopon 0Kpy?KaJiHJieca. The village was completelysurrounded by woods.
3. fig. to surround. OnpyHOTB 3a-
66toii. To surround with solici-
tude.
OKPyKfiTL see OKPy^KATBOKT/lBPjL m. t gen. -h OctoberOH pron., m., gen., acc. ero [-bo], dat,
&uy, insir. hm, prepos. o He\\i he, it
Oh npnexaji H3 Opannini. He camefrom Prance. CxoJiiiHa cPpaH-
mux— IlapLbK. Oh ctokx iia Cene.The capital of France is Paris. It
is situated on the Seine.
OHA pron., /., gen., acc. ee, dat. en,
instr. eio, prepos. o Hen she, it
Ona OTABixajia na HepnoM Mope.She spent her holidays at the BlackSea. OxKy^a y sac axa KHiira? —H KyniiJi ee b khhjkhom MarasHBe."Where did you get that book? 11 "I
bought it at a bookshop
.
n
OHfl pron., pi., gen., acc. HX, dat.
km, instr. hmh, prepos. o hhx theyOhk mho ro cnopuJin o JiHxepaxy-
pe. They argued a lot about litera-
ture. B HameM ca#y pacxyx nBeTH.Ohh ohohb KpacHBLi, There are
flowers in our garden. They are
very beautiful.
OHO pron., neut., gen., acc. ero [-bo],
dat. euy, instr. hm, prepos. o tlqm it
H6jioko ynajio. Oho JieHUix na 3eM-
Jie. The apple has dropped. It is
on the ground.0nA33BIBA|TB, -ro, -eruB, -iot imp.
Ky^a? na ckojibko? & -f-
inf. f p. ono3Aa|TB, -io. -emB, -iot
to he late
CTyfteHT ono3AaJi na ypoK. Thestudent was late for his lesson. Bbi
0H03AaJiH na 15 MHHyx. You are
15 minutes late. Mm ono3AaJiii kna^aJiy cneKxaKJia. We were too
late for the beginning of the per-
formance. K ono3saji nocMOxpexB3xy KapxoHy. / missed that film.
OHACHOCTb /. dangerlIoABepraTBCH onaciiocxn. To be
exposed to danger. Bbixb b onacnoc-
th. To be in danger. HaM rposnx
onacHOCTB. We are in danger.
H36e>KaTB onacHOCTK. To escape
danger.
OITA 86 opr
OriACHIblH, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. oriac-
ho dangerousOnaciiMH cJiynafi. A dangerouscase. Onacnaji pa6oTa. Dangerouswork, Ilo 3Toir Aopore hath: onac-ho. It's dangerous to go along that
road.
Onepa /.
1. opera. CJiyniaxb onepy. To listen
to an opera. KynnTb 6iiJieTbi naonepy. To buy tickets for the
opera.
2. opera. Tearp oneput n 6aJieTa.
A theatre of opera and ballet.
OHEPAUHH /. operation
Xnpypr c^eJiaJi cjiojkhvio onepa-iiiuo. The surgeon performed a dif-
ficult operation. OnepariHH na cepA-iie. A heart operation.
01103,0;ATB see 01IA3^bIBATJbOnPAB^ATL see OnPABftBIBATBOIIPAB fl BIBA|TB , -io, -ernb, -iot
imp. koto? ito? xieu?/p. on-
paBftaiTb, -io, -emt, -iot
1. to acquit. Gyx ero onpaB^aJi.
He was acquitted by the court.
2. to justify. Oh onpaBfl&iBaJi ceoeOTcyxcTBire na 3aimTirnx 60J163-
Hbio. He tried to justify his
absence from the lessons by his
illness.
<> OnpaBAbieaTb Aoeepne (Koro-jih6o). To justify (somebody* s) con-
fidence.
OnPE^EJIEHHE neut. definition
ToHuoe onpeAeJienne. An exact defi-
nition. MeTKoe oupeAeJieHiie. Aprecise definition. flaTb onpe^eJie-Hiie. To give a definition.
OnPE#EJlEHH|Mii, -an, -oe, -He1. definite., OnpeAeJieniiLin otb6t.
A definite answer.
2. certain. OnpesejieHHEifi nopa^on.A certain order.
OnPEflEJIliTB see OnPEftEJIJlTBOnPE^EJlHiTB, -10, -erab, -iot imp.
qTO? / p. onpeAe^liiTb, -io, -mob,-HT
1. to define. OnpcAeJiHTb cBoe ot-
HomeuHe k coSmthhm. To defineone's attitude towards events.
2. to determine. OnpeAeJiaxb BeJin-
mwf. To determine a quantity.
OnpeflejiHTb yroji. To determinean angle.
OnyCKA|TB, -io, -einb, -iot imp. k 0-
ro? *iTO?/p. onyciiiTb, onyiriy,
onycTHnib, onycTHT1. to lower. OnycTUTb pe6enKa na
iiOJi. To put the child on the
floor. OnycTUTb roJiOBy. To hangones head. OnycTHTb rJia3a. Tolower one's eyes. OnycTi'iTb bo-
poxHHK. To lower the collar.
2. to drop. OnycTHTb nircBMo b
rininK. To drop a letter into apost-box.
OnyCTlITB see OnyCKATBOnBIT m.
1. no pi. experience. JKi'iaiieHiiwii
onbiT. Life's experience. Ouhtpa6oTM. Experience of work.
IlMeTb 6ojibinoH ontiT. To havegreat experience. IicnoJib30BaTbc'boh oiiht. To utilise one's ex-
perience.
2. experiment. XiiMimecKiie ohhtli.Chemical experiments. npOBo-AUTb onMTW. To make experi-
ments. B jia6opaTopnn iiact
oiiht. An experiment is in pro-gress in the Laboratory.
OIIBITHIBIII, -an, -oe, -He, short formOHHTCH, 6nbiTn|a, -o, -H1. experienced. Oiihthhh pa66 linfi.
An experienced worker. OnHT-HLiii pyKOBOAHTeJib. An experi-
enced leader. Odhthbih npenojja-
BaTeJib. An experienced teacher.
2. only complete form experimental.OntiTHan pa6oTa. Experimentalwork. OnuTiian ceJibCK0X03nncT-BeHHafl CTaHiina:. An experimen-tal agricultural station.
On#TB adv. againCeroAHH ouhtb njioxan noroAa.We are having bad weather againtoday.
OVTAll m.1. organ. Opranw -pemi. The organs
of speech. Opran cjryxa. The or-
gan of hearing. OpraHH jinxa-
HHH. Respiratory organs.
2. organ. FocyAapcTBeHHHii opran.An organ of government. IlapTWH-Hbie opraiiH. Party organs. Op-raiiH miijiiiiiuil Militia organs.
3. organ. Fasera «H3BecTira» — op-ran IIp03hahyMa BepxoBHoroGoBeTa GGGP. The newspaperIzvcstia is the organ of the
opr 87 OCE
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
of the USSR.OPrAHH3AIJIIH /.
1. no pi. organisation.OpraHH3auiiHBenepa. Organisation of anenening-party . OpraHH3ariKH pa-
66th. Organisation of work. Op-raHH3amiH aKcneflHirHii. Organi-sation of an expedition.
2. organisation. IlapxiiHHaH opra-
HH3annH. A party organisation.
IIpo(|)Coi63HaH opraHH3au,HH. Atrade-union organisation.
OPFAHII3|OBATb, -yio, -yernb, -yiox
imp. & p. k o r 6? h t o?
1. to organise. OpranH30Baxb 3K-
CKypcino. To organise an excur-
sion. Opranii30BaTb Benep caMO-AeflTeJibHOCTH. To organise anamateur concert.
2. to plan. OpraHH30BaTt pa66-xy. To plan work. OpraHH30BaxbcBoe BpeMH. To plan one's time.
OPftEH m., pi. -a orderHarpa£HTB opaeHOM. To award anorder. IIoJiyiHXB 6pAe n. To receive
an order.
OPEJI m., gen. opJia eagle
OPEX m. nutKpyiratie opexn. Large nuts. MeJi-
Kiie opexn. Small nuts. JlecHLie ope-xii. Hazel nuts. KoKocoBbie opexn.Coco-nuts. TpenKPie opexn. Walnuts.Kojiotb opexii. To crack nuts.
OPKECTP m. orchestra
GitM$OHHHecKHH opKecxp. A sym-phony orchestra. OpKecrp no# ynpas-JienneM AftpH^epa MpaBiniCKoro.An orchestra conducted by Mravinsky. OpnecTp ncnoJinaeT 5-yio chm-(foHiiio ^IaiiKOBCKoro. The orchestrais playing Tchaikovsky's 5th sym-phony. KonnepT AJiH (^opxennaHO c
opKeCTpoM. A concerto for piano andorchestra.
OPOCflTk see OPOHIATBOPOlHAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.mo?/p. opojcHTt, -my, -cumb,-cht to irrigate
OpomaTB cxenii. To irrigate the
steppes.
OPyflHE neut.
1. implement. OpyAnn nporrsBOA-CTBa. Implements of production.
GeJILCK0X03HHCTBeHHBie opyAHH.Agricultural implements.
2. gun. ApTKJiJiepMcE<oe opyane.Piece of ordnance.
OP^HHE neut., no pi.
1. weapon. CoBpeMennoe op3'rJKne.
A modern weapon.2. fig, weapon. IleHaxB — Morynee
opV/Kne. The press is a mightyweapon.
OCBAHBA|Tt>, -io, -emb, -iot imp.tiT0?/p. ocbo|stb, -io, -nnrb, -ht to
masterOcBonxb iioBbie mcxoah paSoxn.To master new methods of work.
OcBanBaTb iioBtie 3eMJin. To bring
new land under cultivation. Ocbo-iixb hobliu cxaHOK. To learn to use
a new machine-tool.
OCBETflTB see OCBEE0[ATT>OCBEIIJAjTk, -io, -emb, -px imp.
koto? i t o? / p. ocBejTHTB, -my,-XMBXb, -TAX to light
HacxoJiBHan JiaMna xopomo ocBe-
rnaex cxoji. A desk-lamp lights the
OCBOEOflftTB see OCBOEOMflATBOCBOEOflflTLCH see 0CBGE03K-
HATBGHOCBOBO^HA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? it o? o x koto? oi He-ro?/ p. ocboSoIaitxb, ->Ky, -Rmmh,
-AHT1. to free. Ocbo6oahti> napoA^ ot
pa6cTBa n yrnexeHHH. To free the
peoples from slavery and oppres-
sion.
2. to vacate. Ocbo6oamxb Mecxo.
To vacate a place.
OCBOEO>KAA|TBCH T-iocb, -eratcfl,
-ioxgk imp. ot koto? ox He-
ro? & without an object / p. ocbo-
6o|ahtbch, ->Kyct, -AnmbCfi, -rhtch.
1. to free oneself. OcBo6oABTBCfl ot
rnexa, ox pa6cTBa. To free one-
self from oppression, from slavery.
2. to get free. H ocbo6oahjich ce-
roAHH b 6 nacoB. / was free at 6
o'clock today.
3. to become vacant. Mecxo 3a cto-
jiom ocbo6oahjiocb. The seat at
the table became vacant.
OCBOHTB see OCBAHBATbOCEHH|HH, -Ha, -ee, -ne autumn
OceHHHH aghb. An autumn day.
Ocennee na.xBxo. An autumn coat.
OCE 88 OCT
OCEHB /., no pi. autumn3oJioTan ocenb. A golden autumn,II63ftHtfH ocenb. Late autumn.
OCEHMO adv. Korp? in autumnOceiibio s^ecb nacTO havt rotkru.It often rains here in autumn,
OCKOPELITB see OCKOPEJItfTBOCKOPEJl£|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
KOTO? T 0? rI G M.?/ />. OCKOplSllTb,-6jii6, -6rirub, -6ht to insult
OcKopoiiTb qejiOBena. To insult a
person. Baffin cjiOBa Menn rjxy6oKo0CK0p6itJin. Your words were a graveinsult to me.
OCJIABHTB see OCJIAEJI#TB0CJ1AB J3 >1 1 TI>
, -io, -emb, -iot imp,k o r 6? xi t o?/p. ocjia|6iiTb, -6jiio,
-6nnib, -6ht1. to weaken. Bojieanb ocJia6iuia
ero oprann3M. The illness hadweakened his organism-.
2. fig. to relax OcjiaSmb BiniManne.To relax attention.
OCMATPHBA|TB, -io, -eras, -iot imp.K O r 6? IT 0?/p, OCMOTpeTb, OCMOT-ptO, OCMOTpiIfflb, OCMOTpHT1. to see. OcMaTpiiBaTb MV3en,
BhiCTaBKn, KapTiinti. To see mu-seums, exhibitions, pictures.
2, to examine. Bpa*i ocMOTpeJi 6ojib-
noro. The doctor examined the
patient.
OCMOTPETB see OCMATPHBATBOCHOBA /.
1. basis. Ochobou ^oKJia^a 6lijih
c66cTBeiiHbie BnenaTJiennn aBTO-pa. The report was based on theauthor's own impressions.
2. only pi. fundamentals. GchobbireoJionrn. Foundations of geology.
<0> Ha ociione onwia. On the basis
of experience.
OCHOBATEJIB m. founderOcHOBaTeJib yqeiniH, Teopnn, nay-M. The founder of a teaching, theo-ry, science. OcuoBaTejib ropo#a.The 'founder of the city.
OCHOBA TB see OCHOBBIBATBOCHOBH|0S, -an, -oe, -lie cardinal,
basic
Ochobhoh Bonpoc Me>KAyHap6flH0HoScTaHOBKH. The main problem ofthe international situation. B ochob-hom bm npaBH. On the whole youare right.
OCHOBBIBA|TB, -io, -etnb, -iot imp.xi t o? / p. ocH|OBaTb, -yio, -yerab,
-yiOT
1. to found. OcnOBaTb ropoA- Tofound a city. OcnOBaTb ynnBep-cht6t. To found a university.
2. to base. Ha h£m bli ocnoBbiBae-Te Bame MHeune? What do youbase your opinion on?
OCOEEHHOCTB /. peculiarity
Oc66eHHOCTH pa6oTbi. Peculiarities
of a work. Xyao>kecTBenn tie oco-
SennocTU poMana. The artistic pe-
culiarities of a novel. Oc66eHHOCTHxapaKTopa aToro ^eJioBena. Thepeculiar features of that man'scharacter.
<> B ocoSeniiocTit. In particular.
OCOB EHH|blK, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
oc66eiiHO
1. particular, especial. OcoSennniiyenex HMeJio BHCTynjienne mo-jioaoh neBnnbi. The perform-ance of the young singer was par-
ticularly successful.
2. peculiar, y nee KaKoii-TO oco-
6eHHLiii koctiom. She wears a
somewhat unusual costume.
OCTA|BATBCH, -loci,, -embca, -K)Tcfl
imp.jp. 0CTa|TbCH, -nycb, -nernbCH,
-nyTCfl
1. to remain. ndcJie oKonniniiHHHCTHTyTa H OCTaJICH" B pOAHOMropOAe. On graduating from the
institute I remained in my na-
tive town.
2. to remain. On o^eiib H3Menuji-cn, TOJibKO rJia3a ocTajincb
npe)KHHMH. He has changed a lot,
only his eyes are still the same.
3. to be left. Oh ocTajicn ciipoToii.
He was left an orplian. V MenaocTaJiocb 10 pyoJien. / have
10 roubles left. J^eTH ocTa-
Jiiicb 6e3 pOAHTeJieii. The child-
ren were left without parents.
<> OcTaTbCfl b /KHbmx. To remainalive. OcTaBaTbca npn cuoeM arae-
mm. To remain of the sam.e opin-
ion.
OCTABHTB see OCTABJItfTbOCTABJI#|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
K r 6? lI T O? / p. 0CTa|BHTb, -BJII0,
-BHDIt, -BHT1. to leave. OcraBHTb TeTpaflb j.\6-
Ma. To leave a copy-book at home.
OCT 89 ocy
2. to leave. Oh ocTaBHJi jxpfry 3a-
nncKy. He left a note for his
friend,
3. to leave. MaTb ocTaBHJia h6jiokh
AJia AeTen. The mother left the
apples for her children.
4. to leave. OcTaBHTb poahoh aom.
To leave one's home.
5. to leave alone (only imper.). Oc-
TaBb pe6enKa, ne Tporaii ero!
Leave the child alone, don't touch
him!OCTAJlbHIOS, -an, -oe, -He
1. (the) rest. B iiioJie CTyAeHTH6turn b aoMe OTALixa, ocraJib-
nyio nacTt KaniiKyji ohm npo-
Bejni b TypwcTCKOM noxoAe. InJuly the students were at a rest-
-home, the rest of their holidays
they spent hiking. 9to h6jio-
ko ocTasb mhc, a ocTaJiLHLie
boslmh ce6e. Leave that apple
for me, and take the rest.
2. used as n., pi. the rest. Mh c
IlaBJiOM npnmJiii b 6 nacoB, oc-
TaJibHhie n03AHoe. Pavel and I
came at 6 o'clock; the rest camelater.
0CTAHABJ1HBA|TB, -10, -erab, -iot
imp. koto? iTO?/p. ocTa]HOBKTb,
-HOBJIIO, -HOBIinib, -HOBHT1. to stop. OcTaHOBiiTt 6erymero
HeJiOBeKa. To stop a runningman. OcTaHOBHTb nde3A cTon-
KpanoM. To stop the train with
the emergency brake. OcTanoBHTbpa6oTbi, To cease work.
2. to rest. OcTanoBHTb B3rJiHA
Ha KapTime. To rest ones gaze
on a picture.
3. : Oh He 3naji, na qeM ocxanoBHTbcboh BLi6op. He didn't knowwhat to fix his choice on.
OCTAHABJIHBAITBCH, -roc*, -ein&CH,
-10TCH imp. rfle?/p. ocxaiHOBHTbCH,
-HOEJIIOCb, -HOBHinbCH, -hobhtch
1. to stop. BApyr noe3A ocTaHOBnji-
ca. The train suddenly stopped.
2. to stop working. GTanoK ocTa-
HOB'JJICH II3-3a Toro, TITO He6lijio 9JieKTp03HeprHii. Themachine-tool slopped working be-
cause of a power failure.
3. fig. to deal. Ilpo^eccop b cBoeii
jieKn.HH ocTaHOBMJiCH na npoSjie-
Mar coBpeM9irnoH rrexnni\H.
In his lecture the professor dealt
with the problems of moderntechnology.
4. tO put Up. OcTaHOBHTbCH B TOOTHHHiie. To put up at a hotel.
OCTAHOBflTB see OCTAHABJ1II-BATb
OCTAHOBflTBCH see OCTAHABJIH-BATBCH
OCTAHOBjl^A / gen. pi -ok1. stop. CAeJi Tb ocTanoBKy. To
stop.
2. pause. FoBopRTb 6e3 ocTaHOBim.To speak without stopping.
3. stop. ABTooycnatf ocranoBKa. Abus stop. Ha ocxanoBKe CToa.ua
rpynna CTyAeHTOB. There was a
group of students at the stop.
KoHeqnaH oCTanoBKa. A termi-
nal. BaM naao exaTb 5 ocTano-bok. You must get off at thesixth stop. HaM cxoA«Tb na cjie-
AyionieH ocTanoBKe. We get offat the next stop.
OCTATBCH see OCTABATBCHOCTOPOHiHIBIII, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form ocropoJKeH, 0CT0p6>Kii|a, -0,
-h; adv. ocropoJKHO careful
OcTop6>KHHH HeJiOBeK. A carefulperson. Oh ocxop6>KHO nocTaBnji nactoji Ba3y c riBeTaMH. He put the
vase of flowers on the table carefully.
Ocrop6>KHo! Take carel Be careful!
OCTPOB m., pi -a island
OCTPOYMHILIM, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form ocxpoyMen, 0CTp0VMH|a, -o,
-li; adv. ocTpoyMHO wittyOcTpoyMHHH qejiOBeK. A wittyperson. ctpoymhlih otb6t. A witty
answer.
OCTPjBIfi, -an, -oe, -He, short formocTep, ocTpa, 6cTp|o, -li
1. sharp. OcxpLiH hojk. A sharpknife.
2. fig. keen, sharp. OcTpoe 3pemie.Keen eyesight. OcTpbiii yu. Asharp wit.
3. fig. sharp. OcTpaH 6ojil. A sharppain.
4. fig., pungent. Octplih coyc. Apungent sauce.
<> Ooxoahti. oeTpwe yr.nbt. Toavoid all controversial subjects.
OCyiAECTBflTB see OCYIHECTB-JI&TL
ocy 90
OCyHJECTBftTBCH see OCyiAECTB-jmTLCH
OCynj,ECTBJI>!|TB, -io, -enib, -iot
imp. iT O?//}. ocyiD;ecT[BtiTb, -bjiio,
-bhuiej, -bht to realise
OcyinecTBJiTb njiaH, Me^Ty, >KeJia-
Hiie. To realise a plan, one's dream,one's wish. OcyrnecTBHTb BJieKTpn-
(JlIKaHHIO Hapo^HOrO X03HHCTBa.To electrify the national economy.
OCy^ECTBJlH|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. -eTCfl, -iotch
imp. I p. ocyiu,eCTB|HTkCfl, 1st & 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,
-htch to realise
Hani njian ocyroeCTBHJiCH. Our planhas been realised,
OT (OTO) prep. + gen.
1. from. OTtexarb ot ropOAa. Togo a certain distance from the
city. YexaTB ot poahlix. To goaway from one's relatives. OtMockbh JlemmrpaAa. FromMoscow to Leningrad. Ox rpexAO riHTii. From three to five.
2. from. llojiyqiiTB niictMO ot ot-
n;a. To get a letter from one's
father. YseaTfo hobocth ot to-
BapiiiAa. To learn the news fromone's friend.
3. for. Ot BOJiiieniiH oh He Mor cna-3aTB hh CJioBa. He couldn't utter
a word for excitement. Or paAOCTH.For joy. Ot CTpaxa. For fear.
4. to. Kjiioh ot KOMHaTH. A key to
a room.
5. from, against. 3aniHTa ot Bpa-ra. Defence against the enemy.JleKapcTBo ot rpiinna. A medi-cine for the 'flu.
<> Ot Rymn. Sincerely. Ot Bcerocep^u;a. With all one's heart. OtHMenii Koro-JiHO'o. On some-body's behalf.
OTB ET m.1. answer. HanncaTb otb<3t. To
write an answer. J^aTB otb6t. Togive an answer. Otb6t na micb-mo. An answer to a letter.
2. answer. Xopomnn otb6t yneHH-Ka na ypoKe. The pupil's goodanswer at a lesson.
3. solution. Otbgt 3aAa^n. The so-
lution of a problem. IIpaBiiJib-
hhh otb6t. A correct solution.
OTBETHTb see OTBEHATb
OTBETCTBEHHIMS, -an, -oe, -ucadv. oTBeTCTBenno responsibleOTBeTCTBeHHBin pa6oTHHK. A res-
ponsible worker. OTBeTCTBeHHbin pe-
AaKTop. The editor-in-chief. 0tb6t-CTBeHHbin 3a pa6oTy. Responsible
for the work.
OTBEHA|Tb, -lo, -ernb, -iot imp.jp.
OTBejTHTb, -ny, -mmt, -tht
1. h t o? kom y? Ha ito? to an-
swer. OTBeTHTb Apy^Y- To an-
swer one's friend. OTBeTHTb naBonpoc. To answer a question.
OTBeTHTb na niicbMO. To answer
a letter. OTBenaTb ypoK. To say
one's lesson.
2. ieM? ii a 6? to return. 0t-
Be^iaTb apyjKo'OH na ApyraSy. Toreturn somebody's friendship.
OTBeTHTb yAapoM na yAap. Toreturn blow for blow.
3. neMy? no p. to meet, to satisfy
3Ta pa6oTa oTBenaer mohm hh-TepecaM h HseJiaHHHM. This worksatisfies my interests and wishes.
4. 3 a h t 6? no p. to be respon-
sible. OTBeqaTb 3a pa66ry. Tobe responsible for the work.
OT^AJBATb, -io, -emt, -iot imp.
k o r 6? h t o? kom y? ri e m y ? / p.
OTAaTb, 0TA3M, OTAaiHb, OTAaCT,
OTflaRHM, OTAaAHTe, oT^asyT, past
OTAaJi, OTAaJia, 6TAaJi|o, -ii
1. to return. OTAaTb KHiiry b 6ii-
6JiH0TeKy. To return a book to
the library.
2. fig. to devote. OTAaBaTb nee ch-
jih jiioShmoii pa6oTe. To devote
all one's strength to the work one
likes. OTAaTb >KH3Hb 3a poAHHy.To give up one's life for one's
country.
OTflATb see OTflABATBOTflEJIbH|blS, -an, -oe, -He sepa-
rate
OTAeJibHan KBapxnpa. A separate
flat. OTAeJibiiaa KoMHara. A sepa-
rate room.
OTflOXHYTb see OT^blXATbOTflblX m., no pi. rest
ITpaBO na otabix. The right to rest.
JleTHHH otahx. Summer holidays.
<> #om OTAbixa. A rest-home.
OTftMXAITb, -10, -erab, -iot imp.
rAe?/p. 0TA0XH|yTb, -y, -erab, -yr
to rest
OTE 91 OTJI
JlexoM mm OTAbixaJin ua 6eper3'
Mopa (b canaxopim, b ,a;6Me ox/ili-
xa). In summer^ we rested at the
seaside (in a sanatorium, in a rest-
home). IlocJie o6eAa mli oxftbixaeM.
We have a rest after dinner.
OTjEH m., gen. -na father
OTE^ECTBEHHjblll, -as, -oe, -Lie
homeToBapw OTeqecTBeHHoro nponsBOA-ctb8. Home-made goods.
<> OTetiecTiiennaH bohHa. A pa-
triotic war.
OTE^IECTBO neut. fatherland
OTKA3ATbCH see OTRA3 bIBATbCHOTKA3bIBA|TbCH, -iocb, -eiiibca, -iox-
cji imp. ox koto? ox Hero?& -\~ inj.jp. OXKa3aTLCH, OTKa>KVCB,OTKa>KeinbcH, oxKibisyxcn
1. to refuse. Oh oxKasajica BtinoJi-
HHTfc npiiKa3. He refused to car-
ry out the order.
2. to refuse, to decline, to giveup. Oh oTKasaJicH ox ^eaer.
He refused to take the money.OxKasaxLca ox cbohx cjiob. Togo back on one's words. Ox-KasaTtcff ox npiirjiaineHiin. Todecline an invitation. OxKa3axb-ca ox cbohx npaB. To give upone's rights^
OTKPOBEHHI bIH , -an, ~oe, -we,short form oTKpOBeuen, oxKpoBennla,-o, -w; adv. oxKpoBeHHO frankOxKpoBeHHbiii pa3rob6p. A frankconversation. FoBOpiixb OXKpoBeH-ho. To speak frankly.
OTKPblBAjTb, -io, -erat, -iox imp.HTO?/p. oxKpbixb, oxKpo|io, -enib,
-xox
1. to open. OxKpbixb jiBepb. Toopen a door. OxKpbixb qeMOflaH.To open a suit-case. OxKpbixbKHnry. To open a book. OxKpbixbrJia3a. To open one's eyes.
2. to open. OxKpnxb hobhh Mara-3i'm, HOByio CTOJioByio. To opena new shop, a new dining-hall.
3. to open. Otkplitb BucxaBKy,coSpanne. To open an exhibition,
a meeting.
4. to discover. OxKpbixb Mecxopo>K-rtenne, iioByio nJianexy, hobbiii
DJieMeHT. To discover a mineraldeposit, a new planet, a newelement.
<> OTKpwTb AMepiiKy. To saysomething which everyone alreadyknows. Cf. Queen Ann is dead.
OTKPbIBA|TbCH, 1st and 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. -excH, -iotchimp.jp. oxKpbiXbCH, 1st and 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. oxKpofexcn,~ioxcn
1, to open. OxKpbiJiocb okho. Thewindow opened.
2. to open. CxoaoBaa oxKpbiBaexcab 8 lacoB. The dining-hall
opens at S o'clock.
OTKPblTIIE neut.
1. no pi. inauguration, opening.OxKpbixne HoBoro niicxiixyxa.
The inauguration of a new insti-
tute. OxKpbixiie BbicxacKii. Theopening of an exhibition.
2. discovery. Hayniioe oxKpbixne.A scientific discovery. OxKpbi-xim b 66Jiacxn c{)ii3HKir. Discov-eries in the field of physics.
C^eJiaxb oxKpBixne. To make adiscovery.
OTKPbIT|KA /., gen. pi. -ok postcardIlo^xoBaa oTKpwTKa. A postcard.
IlocJiaxb oxKpwxKy. To send a post-
card. IloJiyqrixb oxKpbixKy. To re-
ceive a postcard. rio3ApaBrixejibHaaoxKpbixKa. A postcard of congratu-lation.
OTKP£lT|Hf!, -an, -oe, -we1. open. OxKpbVraa Mecxnocxb. Open
country.
2. fig. frank. OxKpbixoe nm\6. Afrank face.
<> OTKpHToe Mope. The open sea.
OxKpbiToe iiiictMo. An open letter.
Uojx OTKpbixbiM He6oM. In the openair.
OTKPblTb see OTKPblBATbOTKPblTbCH see OTKPblBATbCHOTK^A adv. where from
OxKyjja bli npiiexaJin? Where didyou come from? OxKy^a bh bxo3Haexe? How do you know that? H3Haio, OTKy^a xw iiAernb. / knowwhere you are coming from.
OTJIH^AjTbCH, -K)Cb, -enibca, -ioxca
imp. h e m? ox koto? ox iero?to be different
Bam riJian oxjnnaexcH ox jn^pyrnx
rJiy6nnoH. Your plan differs fromthe others by its profundity.
OTJI 92
OTJIflHHO adv.
1. excellently, very well. Bbi ot-
jihheo 9to snaeTe. You know it
very well.
2. used as n. Vmmcn Ha «0TJiifa-
H0». To get only excellent marks.IIoJiywTb ((Otjih^ho)) no pyccKO-My H3HKy. To get an excellent
mark in Russian. IIocTaBHTbytieHHKy «OTJit'i riHO». To give a
pupil an excellent mark.
OTMET1KA /., gen. pi. -ok markH r-ixymiji xopomyio OTMeTKy nopyc o:\OMy h3hk}^ / got a goodmark in Russian.
0THEC7M see OTHOCfiTBOTHECTflCt, see OTHOCfiTBCHOTHHMA|Tb, -io
f-emL, -iot imp.
koto? "i t o? y koto? y h e-
r6?/p. OTHHTb, OTHHMy, OTHHMemB,othhmvt, past othhji, oTHHJija, 6t-
HtfJl|0, -II
1. to take away, y MaJifcHima 6t-
hhjih MH li. They took the ball
away from the boy.
2. to take. Pa3roBop othhji y Me-hh Mnoro BpeMenii. The conver-
sation took away a lot of my time.
3. to subtract. Ot #ecHTH othbtbTpH 6yjzeT ceMb. // 3 is sub-
tracted from 10 the answer is 7.
OTHOCfiTb, OTHomy, othochihb, ot~
hocht imp. hto? Ky^a? ko-uy?/p. OTHeclTif, -y, -eniL, -y-r, past
oTnec, 0THecji[a, -6, -it to take(to some place)
H othSc khhth b 6n6jiH0TeKy. Itook the books back to the library.
Mbi othccjih UBeTH npenoflaBaTe-jik). We took the flowers to the teacher.
OTHOCflTBCfl, oTHomycL, OTHocnmt-CH, OTHOCflTCH imp. K a K? K K 0-
m y? k neMy?/p. OTHec|TiTC&, -ycb,
-emtcH, -yTCH, past 0THecc#, ot-
Hec;i|acb, -ocb, -neb1. to treat. Xopomo (hjioxo) ot-
hochtbch k KOMy-JiH6o. To treat
somebody well (badly).
2. no p. to concern. Moei cjioBa neotbochtch k BaM. My words donot concern you. 3to ne othocht-ch k ReJiy. It's beside the point.
OTHOIHEHITE neut.
1 no pi. attitude. Xopomee otho-meHne k jiiorhm. A kind attitude
to people.
2. no pi. relation. 3to ne HMeeT koMHe OTHomeHHH. It has nothingto do with me.
3. only pi. relations. flpy>KecKHeOTHomeHHH. Friendly relations.
^HnJiOMaTifaecKiie OTHomeHHHMe>K^y CTpanaMH. Diplomaticrelations between countries. ycTa-hobhtb (pa3opeaTB) jiHnjioMaTH-necKHe OTHomeHHH. To establish
(to break off) diplomatic relations.
<> BblTb C KeM-JIH6o C KaKHX-JIH-6o OTHOnieHHflX. To be on (some-
sort of) terms with somebody.
OTHflTb see OTHHMATbOTOSTfl see OTXO^flTbOTIIPABHTb see OTIIPABJItfTBOTIIPABHTBCH see OTIIPAB JliJTb-
CHOTIIPABJl£|Tb, -k), -enib, -iot imp.
koto? it o? k y a a?/p. 0Tnpa|-BHTb, -BJIIO, -BHnib, -BHT to SendMaTb OTnpaBJiaeT cbma b mKOJiy.The mother, sends her son to school.
H oTnpaBHJi ^omoh nncbMo (Tejie-
rpaMMy, nocbiJiKy). / sent a letter
(a wire, a parcel) home.OTIIPABJI#|TbCH,
r-tocb, -embCH,
-iotch imp. Ky^a? without an obf.
8c~\-inf./p. OTnpa| BnTbCH, -BJiiocb r
-BEDILCH, -BHTCH1. tO gO. IloCJie 3aHHTHH MLI OT-
npaBHJiHCb ryJifiTb. After thelessons we went for a walk. Mliompabhjihcb b napK. We wentto the park. OTnpaBHTbca b nyTL.To set out.
2. to leave. UoesR orapaBJineTCHnepe3 10 MHnyT ot 5-h nJiaT-
<£6pMBi. The train leaves in 10minutes from platform 5.
OTnyCK m. holidaysJTeTHHH OTnyCK. Summer holi-
days. MecflTObiH OTnyCK. A month'sholiday. IIohth b otdvck. To go onone's holidays. BepnyTbcn H3 6t-nycKa. To return after one's holi-
days. BtiTb b oraycKe (b oTnycKy).To be on one's holidays. IIpoBO^HTb.
oTnycK na lore. To spend one's
holidays in the South.
OTHyCKA|Tb, -io, -em&, ^iot imp.
koto? HTO?/p. OTnycTHTb, OTny-
my, oTnycTHmb, oraycTHT1. to let go. MaTb ne oTnycnaJia
peSenna ot ce6fl. The mother
oth 93
did not let her child go awayfrom her.
2. to let go. Oh otuvcthji moio py-kv. He let go of my hand.
OTHyCTfiTb see OTIiyCKATBOTPA5KEHHE neut.
1. no pi. reflection. OrpajKeHiie
CBera. The reflection of light.
2. reflection. yBHAeTb cBoe orpa-
7rqh.hq b 3epKaJie, rJia^KOH no-
BepxHOCTH boah. To see one's
reflection in a mirror, on the
smooth surface of the water.
3. fig. no pi. reflection. Bee 3to
Hanuio OTpajKeinie b ero KHwre.
All this was reflected in his book.
4. philos. no pi. reflection. TeopiinOTpaHceHHH. The theory of reflec-
tion.
OTPE3ATB see PE3ATB, 2
OTVftR m. detachmentIlHOHepcKHH OTpaA- A Young Pio-
neer detachment. IIapTH3aHCK]iH ot-
pHA. A guerrilla detachment.
OTCTAlBATb, -k>, -emb, -iot imp.
t koto? o t h e r 6? or without
an obf.jp. OTCTa|Tb, -ny, -Hemb, -hvt
1. to lag behind. Oh ineji MeflJieH-
HO U CKOpO OTCTaJI OT TOBapiI-
meH. He walked slowly and soon
he fell behind his friends.
2. colloq. to miss. Ha OAHoii ocTa-
noBKe a oTCTaji ot noe3Aa. Atone stop I missed my train.
3. to fall behind. H mhoto 6oJieJi
it OTCTaji ot rpynne. / was ill
for a long time and I fell be-
hind my group. Otct&tl ot >Kii3~
hh. To lag behind life.
4. to be slow. HacM OTCTaioT na
10 MHHyT. The watch (clock) is
10 minutes slow.
OTCTAJI! bill, -an, -oe, -Lie backwardOTcraJiaa CTpana. A backward coun-
try. OTCTaJItie B3rJiHAt>i. Backwardviews.
OTCTATb see OTCTABATBOTCTyiIA|TI>., -io, -eras, -iot imp.
1 p. OTCTyniiTb, OTCTynJiio, otctv-
nHrnb, oTCTynaT1. to retreat, BoiicKa OTCTyniiJin.
The troops have retreated.|fig.
He oTCT-ynaHTe nepeA TpyAHOc-thmh. Don't give in in the face
of difficulties.
2. ot qero? to deviate. Otctv-naxb ot npaBHJi, ot hopmbi. Todeviate from the rules, the norm.
OTCTyilflTB see OTCTyilATbOTCyTCTB|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -viot
imp. to be absentOTcyTCTBOBaTL na ypone no 6o-jie3Ha, no yBajKiiTejiBHon npHHH-ne. To be absent from the lesson
owing to illness, for good reasons.
Oh oTcyxcTBOBaji 3 Mecana. Hewas absent for 3 months.
OTCiOflA ado. from hereOTciOAa BiiAHa bch Mockbel Onecan see the whole of Moscow fromhere. OTCiOAa xopomo cjilihiho. Youcan hear well from here. He yxoflir
OTCFOAa. Don't go away from here.
OTT^A adv. from there
B 3aJie nrpaJi opKecTp, QTTyAacjiLimaJica CMex, 3ByKH necen. Anorchestra was playing in the hall,
from which came laughter andsongs. Bhi 6hjih b khho? — #a, mhha<3M OTTyAa. "Have you been to
the cinema?" l
Yes, we are comingfrom there."
OTXOftflTB, OTXo?Ky, OTXoAnmb, ot-
xoaht imp. ot koto? ox ne-•vo?/p. otoh|th, -Ay, -j$m.h, -AyT,past oTomeji, OTOmJiia, -6, -h
1. to go away. Mm otoiujih ot Ma-ra3nna na HecKOJibKO maroB.We went a few steps away from,the shop.
2. to leave. n6e3A otxoaut b 6 *ia-
cob. The train leaves at 6o'clock.
CT LIECTB0 neut. patronymicHa30BitTe Bame ma, ot^cctbo h(JjaMHJiHio. Give your name, patro-
nymic and surname.OTT>E3,n; m., no pi. departure
OT-be3A na3Ha<ien na 6 nacoB. Thedeparture is fixed for 6 o'clock. BAeHb orte^Aa^ On the day of de-
parture.
On>E3>KA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
I
p. OTtexaTB, OTi>eA|y. -emb, -yx to
drive off
Mamtma oxbexajia ot AoMa h csep-
nyjia na mocce. The car drove awayfrom the house and turned on to the
higJuvay.
OTBfiXATB see 0TBE3JKATBOa)HE(EP m. officer
OOH 94 IIAJI
0<PHmiAJIBH|I>IH, -an, -oe, -ue;adv. o$HD,HaJitHo1. official. O^imnajiBHoe 3anBjie-
Hiie. An official statement. 0$h-n;Haji&HHii bhsht. An official
visit. 0$Hii;iiaJibHoe Jnm;6. Anofficial.
2. official, formal. 0<{>imHajiMHHH3HK. An official language. 0$n-nnaJibnoe npiirjiainenne. A for-
mal invitation. FoBopiiTb 0(J)iin;H-
aJibHBiM tohom. To speak in anofficial manner.
OXOTA /., no pi. huntingBlitb na oxotg. To hunt. yqactBO-BaTb b oxotc To take part in ahunt. Hjith na oxoTy. To go hunt-ing. OxoTa na bojikob. Wolf-shoot-ing. OxoTa c co6aKaMir. A chase.
OXOTHHK m. hunterOXOTHO adv. readily, willingly
H oxotho corjiamaiocb c BaMH. /readily agree with you.
OXPAH#|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.koto? hto? ot k o r 6? ot q e-
r 6? to guardOxpanaxb sflamie. To guard a build-
ing. OxpaHHTb rpaniiuy. To guardthe frontier.
OHEHb adv. very; very muchO^enb KpacMBHH napK. A very
beautiful park. H o^enb hjioxo no-HHMaio no-pyccKH. / understandRussian very badly. Ha ae^epnpnmJio orient mhoto napoAy.Inhere were very many people at
the evening-party. Mne omghl npa-BHxcn 3T0T (J)HJibM. / like, this filmvery much.
O^EPEfflb /., gen. pi. -efi
1. queue. Ctohtb b o^epeAH. Tostand in a queue. Oiepejjb 3a 6h-JieTaMH. A queue for tickets.
2. turn.
<> CAejxaTb b nepeyio o^iepejib. Todo in the first place. B cbgio6 iiepeflb. In its turn.
OHflCTMTL see HflCTHTb, 2O^Klfi no sing., gen. -6b spectacles
HocHTb oqKii. To wear spectacles.
^ejiOBeK B OHKax. A man in spec-tacles. TeMHbie o^KH. Sun-glasses.
H njioxo Bibny 6e3 ohkob. / see
badly without spectacles.
OfflIlEA|TbCH, -iocb, -embca, -iotchimp. b kom? B lieM? or without
anobf.jp. oniH6|HTbCfl, -ycb, -embctf>
-yxcH, past omn6cH, omn6ji|acb-ocb
}-neb to make a mistake
CTyfteHT omaScfl npn pemenim 3a-
AaHH. The student made a mistakein solving the problem. KoncTpyK-Top 0inii6cH b paciexax. Thedesigner made a mistake in his calcu-
lations. R omn6cH b mo§m TOBapn-nie. / was disappointed in myfriend. H omn6ajiCH, KorAa AyMaJi oTe6e nJioxo. / was wrong whenI thought badly of you. TjiyGoKoomii6aTbCH. To be greatly mistaken.
OffiHEftTbCH see OniHBATLCHOHI0B|KA /., gen. pi -ok mistake
rpy6an oniii6Ka. A gross mistake.
GASJiaTb onntSKy. To make a mis-
take. IIiicaTb c oiini6KaMH\ To makemistakes in writing. HcnpaBJiflTb
omn6KH. To correct mistakes. C#e-JiaTb HTo-nn6yAb no omiiSKe. Todo something by mistake. ripu3HaTbcboio onin6Ky. To admit one's mis-take. Co3naTbCH b cBoeii oniHSKe.To confess one's mistake.
n, it
IIAflA|Tt>, -10, -enib, -iot imp. k y-
fla?/p. yna|CTb, -ay, -jx'ewh, -j\yT,
past ynaJi, -a, -0, -h
1. to fall. Ocenbio jihctbh naAaiOTC£epeBbeBHa 3eMJiio. In autumnleaves fall from the trees to the
ground.2. fig. to drop. K yTpy xeMnepa-
Typa y 6oJibHoro ynajia. By the
morning the patient's tempera-ture had dropped.
nAJIEU; m., gen. naJibua finger, toe
fljiHHHHe najibrrbi. Long fingers.
BoJibmon naJien;. The thumb. Vkr-3aTejibHbin najien,. The forefinger.
IIoKa3biBaTb naJibrieM. To point
with the finger.
<> CMOTpeTb iia ^TO-JIH6o CKB03bnajibn,i>r. To close one's eyes to
something. 3naTb *rro-Jirt6o Kancboh nflTb naJibn;eB. To have
something at one's finger-tips.
IIAJI|KA gen. pi. -ok stick
OnnpaTbCH na riaJiKy. To lean on a
stick. JIbrjKHbie naJiKH. Ski sticks;
#ejiaTb hto-jih6o H3-no3 naji-
kh. To do something under the lash.
HAJI 95 TIAX
IIAJIBTO neut., indecl. overcoat3HMHee najibTo. A winter overcoat.
HaflesaTb najiBTo. To put on anovercoat. CnHMa-rb najibTo. To take
off an overcoat. PyjiHTb 6e3 najib-
to. To take a walk without an over-
coat on.
IlAMHTHHK m.1, komy? h e m y? monument.
IlaMHTHHK nymKHHy. A monu-ment to Pushkin.
2. qero? monument. IlaMHTHHKapxiiTeKTypLi. A monument ofarchitecture.
IIAMflTB /., no pi.
1. memory. V nee njioxaa naMHTb.She has a poor memory.
2. memory. naMHTb o Tex ^hhxHHKor^a ne HC<ie3HeT. The mem-ories of those days will live
for ever.
O IIoAapHTb tit6-jih6o Koaiy-JiH-
6o Ha naMHTfo. To give somethingto somebody as a keepsake. IIo:iy-
^HTb hto-jih6o ot Koro-JiH6o nanaMHTb. To get something from some-body as a keepsake. V^UTTb HanaMHTb. To learn by heart.
riAIIA m. daddynAnHPOCA /. cigarette
KpenKne namipocbi. Strong ciga-
rettes. KypHTb nannpocy. To smokea cigarette.
IIAP m., pi. -u vapourBoflHiioii nap. Water vapour, npnTeMnepaType 100 rpa^ycOB LJejibCiin
Bo/ia npeBpamaeTCH b nap. At atemperature of 100° C. water turns
into vapour.
IIAPA /.
1. pair. ITapa Ty$eub. A pair of shoes.
2. couple. B 3aJie TaHneBajio He-ckojibko nap. Several coupleswere dancing in the hall. MoJio-naa napa. A young couple.
IIAPA3 m. paradeBoeHHHH napa/i. A military pa-rade. Oii3KyjibTypHbiH napa#. Asports parade. Ehtb Ha napane.To be on parade.
IlAP|EHI> m.tgen. -hh lad
Tu xopomnii napenbl — cKasaJi
oh. "You are a fine lad!" he said.
IIAPHKMAXEP m. barber, hairdresser
Pa6oTaTb napHKMaxepoM. To workas a barber (hairdresser).
IIAPHKMAXEPCK|
AH /., gen . -oh,pi. -neMyjKCKaa napHKMaxepcKan. Bar-ber's shop. HeHCKaa napHKMaxep-CKan. Hairdressing saloon.
IIAPK m. parkTopoKCKOH napK. A city park. Ty-jihtb b napne. To take a walk inthe park. Xo#HTb no naptty. Towalk about in the park.
nAPOXOA m. steamshipIIacca>KHpcKHH napoxoA- A pas-senger steamer. Pennon napoxoft.A river steamer. ITJibiTb (exaTb) nanapoxo^e. To sail on a ship.
IIAPTEP [-T3-] m. the stalls andthe pit (in a theatre, etc.)
Mecxo b napTepe. A place in the
stalls. Cn^eTb b napTepe. To sit in
the stalls. KynuTb 6iuieT b napTep.To buy^ a ticket for the stalls.
IIAPTH3AH m., gen. pi. napTii3anguerrilla
BO BpeMH BOHHH MOM 6paT 6hlJl
napTH3anoM. During the war mybrother was a guerrilla.
IIAPTH3AHCK|IlH, -an, -oe, -ne guer-rilla
fIapTH3aHCKoe ABH/Kenne. The guer-
rilla movement. riapTH3aHCKHHOTpnii,. A guerrilla detachment.
IIAPTMH|I>lil, -an, -oe, -He partyIlapTriHHoe co6panne. A party meet-ing. napTHiiHKEH 6hji6T. A partymembership card.
IIAPTHH /. party^JieH napTHH. A member of the
party. BcTynuTL b napTHio. To join
the party.
nACMyPHIblH, -an, -oe, -He dull,
gloomyIlacMypHHH nenb. A dull (gloomy)day.
IIACCAJKflP m. passengerB Kyne 6hjio qeTbipe nacca/Kiipa.
There were four passengers in the
compartment.HATPHOT m.
1. patriot. Bopb6a naTpnoTOB 3aocBo6o?KAeHne cBoen CTpanH.The struggle of the patriots for
the liberation of their country.
2. enthusiast. ITaTpnoT CBoero #e~Jia. An enthusiast for a cause.
IIAXATB, namy, namemb, nainyTimp. it o? ^eM?/p. BcnaxaTb,
nAx 96 IIEP
Dcnamy, Bcnainemb, BcnamyTto ploughIlaxaTb 3GMJ1K). To plough the
land.
IIAXH|yTb, -y, -emb, -vt, past naxT
-Jia, -no, -Jin imp. h e m? to smell
Ayxn npnfiTHO naxHyr. The per-
fume smells pleasant.\
impers. HaJiyry npiiHTHO naxneT cenoM.There is a pleasant smell of hay in
the meadow.
IIA^IjKA /., gen. pi. -en packetIla iiKa caxapa. A packet of sugar.
na^ma nannpoc. A packet of ciga-
rettes.
IIEHCIIH /. pensionnenciiH no arapocTH. An old-age
pension. IIojiyqaTB nencnio. To get
a pension. Bhiitii na nencmo. Toretire on a pension. Bhtb na neH-chh. To be on pension.
IIEIIEJIMIMJA /. ash-trayIIEPEBECTfl see nEPEBOflllTbHEPEBOA m.
1. translation. Tohhhii nepcBOA-An exact translation. G^eJiaTL
nepcBOfl. To make a translation.
2. transfer. ITepenoA Aener no no 1!-
Te. A postal order.
IIEPEBOflllTb, nepeBOJKy, nepeBo-AiiinL, nepeBOAnx imp. rx t o?/
p. nepeoelcTH, -Ay, -jjemb, ~A3't, past
nepeBeji, nepeBeJi|a, -6, -h
1. to take. llepeBecTii pe6enKaliepe3 yJinny. To take a child
across the street.
2. to transfer. nepesecTn AeHbrn noTeJierpa(J)y. To send money bytelegraph.
3. to translate. IlepeBecTiT KHiiry c
cf>paeny3CKoro H3HKa na pyc-CKnfi. To translate a book fromFrench into Russian.
IIEPEBOflHHK m. translator, inter-
preter
llepeBOA^HK c anrjiirncKoro H3HKa.An English translator (interpreter).
Ycthhh nepcBoA^nK. An interpret-
er. Pa6oTaTh nepenoA^HKOM. Towork as a translator (interpreter).
17EPEB LI ITOJlHHTB see IIEPEBbl-nojiHUTb
IIEPEBbinOJlHfJ|Tb, -io, -enib, -k>t
imp. HTo/p. nepeBHnojiH|iiTb, -io,
-limb, -ht to overfulfil
nepeBHnoJiHHTb nJian. To overful-
fil a plan. IlepeBBmoJiHHTb nopwy.To overfulfil the quota.
IJEPErHATb see HEPErOHtfTbriEPEPOBOPbl no sing, o qe M?
talks, negotiationsrieperoBopu o Mspe. Peace talks.
IleperoBopBi Me>K^y CTpaHaMH.Negotiations between countries. Bec-th neperoBopu c KeM-Jin6o o hcm-m6o. To conduct negotiations withsomebody about something. Ilepero-
BOptl COCTOHJIHCb b Mock Be. Thenegotiations took place in Moscow.
IIEPErOHtf|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? ^to? b Ti e m?/p. nepe-rnaTb, neperonio, neperonnmb, ne-
peroHHT, past nepernaJi, -rnajia,
-rnaji|o, -h to overtake3tot cnopTCMen nepernaJi bccx boBpeMn copeBHOBannix. This sports-
man overtook everyone in the com-petition.
IlEPEfl prep. + instr.
1. in front of. IlepeA okhom. Infront of the window.
2. Before. IlepeA ypoKOM. Beforethe lesson.
3. : Mne ctliaho nepeA BaMH. / feel
guilty towards you.
IIEPE HA\BATb , -io, -emb, -iot imp.xi t o? k o m y?/p. nepeAaxb, nepe-AaM, nepeAamb, nepeAacT, nepeAa-Ahm, nepe^aAHTe, nepeAa/jyT, past
nepeAaji, -a, nepeAaji|o, -h
1. to give. IlepeAaTb nncbMo Apy-ry. To give a letter to a friend.
2. to tell. IlepeAaHTe npnbeT poA-hltm. Give my regards to yourrelatives. IlepeAan euy, hto hCKopo npHAy. Tell him that I'll
cofiie soon.
3. to broadcast. IlepesaBaTb koh-nepr no paAno. To broadcast aconcert. IlepeAaBaTb nocjieAnneH3BecTHH. To broadcast the news.
nEPE^ATb see IIEPEJJABATbHEPEAAHA /. broadcast
IlepeAana no paAiio. Radio broad-
cast. CJiymaTt nepeAa^iy. To lis-
ten to a broadcast.
nEPE£OB|QM, -an, -6e, -bie
1. foremost. IlepeAOBoH paGoHnn.A foremost worker.
2. advanced. riepeAOBan TexnHKa
.
Advanced technique.
HEP 97 IIEC
IIEPEE3>K£|Tb, -io, -erat, -iot
imp.jp. nepeexaxt, nepee^ly, -eum,
-yT1. h e p e 3 h to? or • h t o? to cross.
Ilepeexaxb (nepe3) rpanaiiy. Tocross the border. ITepeexaTb (*ie-
pe3) peKy. To cross the river.
2. o t k y jx a? k y a a? to move.ITepeexaTb na Hosyio KBapTirpy.
To move to a new place (of res-
idence). ITepeexaTb 113 Mockbhb JTeHirarpaft- To move fromMoscow to Leningrad. IIepee3-
>KaTb c Mecxa na Mecxo. To keepmoving from one place to anoth-
er.
IIEPEEXATb see riEPEE35KATbnEPEHTfl see IIEPEXOflftTbHEPEMEHA /.
1. change. IlepeMeiia KJiMMaTa. Achange of climate.
2. change. B ero mmms. npoii3o-
irijitr Sojibimie nepes-feHLi. Great
changes took place in his life.
IIEPEHECTfl see HEPEHOCflTbnEPEUOCllTb, nepenoiny, nepeno-
ciinib, aepenocKT imp. koto?hto?/p- nepeHec|TH, -y, -emb, -yx,
past ncpenec, nepenecjija, -6, -ir
1. to carry. IlepeHecTH pe6oHKa^epea #opory. To carry the child
across the road. IlepeHecTH Beninus oahoh KOMHaTH b APyryio.To carry the things from one
room to another,
2. to endure. IlepeHecTH THJKeJiyio
6oJie3Hb. To suffer a serious
illness.
3. to put off. nepenecTH co6paHneua ftpyroe BpeMH. To put off a
meeting to another time.
IIEPEIIIICATb see IIEPEIIlJCHBATbXIEPEIIflCbXBAlTh, -jo, -emb, -h>t
imp. -q t o? jp. nepeniicaTb, nepe-
iramy, nepenniireinb, nepennmyTto copynepeniicaTb Tencx. To copy a text.
IIEPEP&IB m.
1. interval, break. ITepepMB b pa-
6oTe. A break in work. IlocJie
xpexjiexnero nepepHBa ona cho-
sa nonura pa6oTaxb. After a three
years' interval she went to workagain.
2. interval. ITepep&iB Meatfly JieK-
ijjHHMEE. An interval between
lectures. CfleJiaxb nepeptiB, Tohave a break.
OOeneHHbiil nepepbiu. A breakfor lunch. The dinner hour.
IIEPECAftiKA /. f gen . pi _0K changeCAeJiaTb nepecaAKy. To change.
ExaTb c nepecaAKaMH, 6e3 nepecaA-kh. To have to change (trains, etc.),
not to have io change (trains, etc.).
IIEPECTAj BATb , -io, -ein.b, -k>t imp.
+ inf.jp. nepecTa|Tb, -ny, -nenib,
-nyT to cease, to stop
floJK^b nepecxaJi. The rain hasstopped. PeSeaoK nepecxaJi nJia-
KaTb. The child stopped crying. Ile-
pecxaHbTe pa3roBapHBaxb[ Stop talk-
ing/
IIEPECTATb see HEPECTABATbnEPEYJIjOK m
;,gen. -Ka lane, street
Y3KHH nepeyjiOK. A narrow street.
nEPE^Ofl m. passage, crossingTl0A3eMHbiii nepexOA- An under-
ground passage. ITepexoA ^lepes
yjinn,y. A street crossing.
nEPEXOflfiTB, nepexojKy, nepexo-AHnib, nepexo^fiT imp.jp. nepe&|TH,
-Ay. -Aemb, -#yT, past nepemeJi,
nepenuija, -6, -A
1. q h p e 3 *i t 6? or ^ t o? to cross.
IlepexoAnxb nepe3 yjiHn,y. Tocross the street. ITepexoAHTbrpaHHliy. To cross the border.
IlepexoAHTb nepe3 moct. To cross
a bridge.
2. to change. tlepenTH Ha Apyryiopa6oTy. To change one's job.
3. to pass. Bnacxb nepenuia b pyKHHapoAa. The power passed into
the hands of the people.
IIEP|EBC m.tgen. -na pepper
^lepHHH nepen;. Black pepper. Kpac-Hbiii nepen;. Cayenne pepper. FopbKHHnepen;. Hot pepper. Mhco c nepr^eM.
Meat with pepper.
IIEPO neut., pi. nepbH1. feather. Ilepo nTiinH. A bird's
feather.
2. nib. 3oJiox6e nepo. A gold nib,
nEPHATjKH pi, gen. pi. -ok; sing.
nepqaxKa /. gloves
KojKanbie nep^axKH. Leather gloves.
JleTHHe nepqaxKii. Summer gloves.
HaAerb nep^aTitn. To put on one's
gloves.
HEC(HH /., gen. pi. -en o k 6 m? o
h e m? song
IIEC 98 IMA
HapoflnaH necHH. A folk song. IleTb
necHio o jiio6bii. To sing a love song.
IIEC|OK m., gen. -Ka sandMopcKOH necoK. Sea bottom sand.
Mgjikhh necoK. Fine sand. JlejKaTB
Ha necKe. To lie on the sand.
<> Caxapnuu necoK. Granulatedsugar.
IIETb, no|io, -einb, -iot imp. *ito? o
kom? o *i e m? k o m y?/p. cneTL,
cno|io, -erab, -iot to singIleTb necnio #py3bHM. To sing a
song to one's friends. IIcTb c riyB-
ctbom. To sing with feeling. TIctb
xopOM. To sing in chorus.
IIE^AJIbHIMft, -an, -oe, -tie sad,
melancholynenaJiBHafl My3BiKa. Sad music.
nenaJiBHoe naCTpoenne. A melan-choly mood, Ile^aJiBHHe rjiasa. Sadeyes.
nEHATA[TI>, -io, -enib, -iot imp.h t o? / p. nane^aTajTB, -io, -emt, -iot
1. to publish, to print. Hanena-TaTB CTaTbio b jKypHaJie. To pub-lish an article in a magazine.
2. to typo. Ile^aTaTB na Mammine.To type on a typewriter.
HEHATL /.
1. lit. & fig. seal, stamp.2. jpress.
nEMEIIBE neut., no pi. pastry, biscuits
Cjra^Koe ne^enbe. Sweet pastry.
Han c ne^enbeM. Tea and biscuits.
rieneHBe k naio. Tea biscuits.
IIEIIIKOM adv%on foot
HflTH nemKOM. To go on foot.
IIHAHflHO neut., indecl. uprightpianoHrpaTb na miani-ino. To play the
piano.
IIMBO neut., no pi. beerXoJioflnoe niiBO. Cold beer. IlnTBniiBO. To drink beer. KpyjKKa nri-
Ba. A mug of beer.
nilfl/KAK m., gen. -a jacketJleTHnii nn^/KaK. A summer jacket.
Hocittb nn^jKaK. To wear a jacket.
rill/KAMA /. pyjamasTenJian nnHtaMa. Warm pyjamas.GnaTB b nnjKaMe. To sleep in one's
pyjamas.IIIIOHEP m.
1. a Young Pioneer. Mon 6paT ~-
nnonep. My brother is a YoungPioneer.
2. pioneer, IiHOiiepH KocMoca. Thepioneers of Space.
raiPOHH|OE neut., gen. -oro fancycakeIlecoHHoe nnpoJKHoe. A shortcake.
ILipoJKHoe c KpeMOM. A cream cake.
^lan c nnpoJKnHM. Tea and cakes.
KynHTB HeCKOJILKO HHpOJKHLIX. Tobuy some cakes.
niIPO/K|OK m., gen. -na small pienMCATEJIB m. writerIfflCATb, nnmy, nnmemB, nriruyr
imp. q t o? kom y? o k 6 m?o *ieM?/p. nanncaTB, nannmy, na-nnmemB, nannrnyT to writea) Oh nraneT nncBMo poflHTeJiHM.
He is writing a letter to his par-ents.
b) nncaTB cthxh. To write poetry.
HanncaTB KHnry o jku3hh yqe-hbix. To write a book on the life-
of scientists. Oh HanncaJi o tom>.
qTo Bii^eJi bo BpeMH nyTemecT-bhh. He wrote about what he saw-
on his journey.
IIHCkMO neut., pi. nncbMa, gen. pl^
nnceM k o m y? letter
noAp66noe hhcbmo. A detailed letter.
3aKa3Hoe hhcbmo. A registered let-
ter. llocBiJiaTb nncbMO. To send a let-
ter. IIoJiyHHTb nncbMO. To receive aletter. IlnCbMO flpyry. ^ letter to-
one' s friend.
IIHTL, nb|io, -emb, -iot, past hhji, oh-jia, hhji|o, -h imp. h t o? / p. bm-nnTL, BLinb|io, -emb, -iot, past bh-hhjt, -a, -o, -h to drinkIlHTb BOAy. To drink water. BbiniiTb.
qamKj'' KO$e. To have a cup ofcoffee.
IIJlABA|TE, -io, -emb, -iot imp. r^e?Kyp? to swim, to sail
H jiio6jiio nJiaBaTb. / like to swim..
KajK#HH jxeiih oh HJiaBaji na oct-
poB. Every day he swam to the is-
land. ITohtii roj^ oh njiaBaji MaTpo-com Ha SoJibmoM napoxo^e. For al-
most a year he sailed on a large-
ship as a deckhand.
IUIAjKATb, -qy, -lemL, -qyT imp./
p. 3ariJia[KaTb, -ny, -qernb, -nyT (p.verb shows beginning of action) to cryPopbKO nJiaKaTb. To cry bitterly.
IiJiaKaTb ot 66 jih. To cry with pain.
njIAH m. planIlJian pa6oTH. A plan of work. rtJian
hjia 99 no
pa3BiiTHH napojinoro xo3fincTBa. Aplan of national economic develop-
ment. BBinoJiHiiTb nJian. To fulfil
a plan. IlepeBbinoJiHHTb nJian na
50% (nponeHTOB). To overfulfil the
plan by 50%.IIJIAHETA /. planet
flaJieKan njianexa. A distant planet.
njIAHIIPjOBATb, -yro, -yernb, -yiOT
imp. it o? to planITjiaHiipoBaTb pa6oTy. To plan one's
work. njiannpoBaTB cBoe BpeMH. Toplan one's time.
njIACTflH|KA /., gen. pi. -ok recordnocraBBTe HOByio njiacrniiKyl Puta new record on! TpaMnJiacTiraKn.Gramophone records.
IIJTACTMACCA /. plastics
H3AeJinH H3 HJiacTMaccLi. Plastic
articles.
IIJl'ATA /. payment3apa6oTHaa HJiaTa. A salary, a
wage IlJiaTa 3a bxoa- Admission fee.
IlJiaTa 3a npoe3#. Fare.
IIJIATfiTb, njiaqy, nJiaTnmb, njiaTHTimp. ^to? 3a ito? 3a koto?u e m?/p. 3anJiaTaTB, 3anjia<iy, 3a-
njiaTnniB, 3anjiaiHT
1. to pay. IIJiaTHTb (Aenbrn) 3a no-Kynny. To pay (money) for a
purchase. 3anJiaTHTb sa Tosapii-
rna- To pay for one's friend.
2. fig. to return. HoiaTiiTB jiioSobbio
3a saSory. To return love for
solicitude.
njIAT|OK m., gen. -na
1. scarf. HpKnt HJiaToK. A bright
scarf.
2. : Hocoeom nJiaTOK. A handkerchief.
HJIATOOPMA /. truck, platformJKe.ne3HOflOpd>KHafl nJiaT$6pMa. Arailway truck. Hi^aTb na ruiaT$6p-Me. To be waiting on the platform.
HJlATbE neut,gen. pi. njraTBeB
1. dress. DlejiKOBoe nJiaTbe. A silk
dress. Ha nen 6mjio onenb npa-CHBoe HJiaTBe. She had a beauti-
ful dress on.
2. no pi. clothes. Mara3ini BepxneronJiaTtfl. A clothes shop.
XIJIAlU 77i.,gen. -a raincoat
HenpOMOKaeMbiu nJiam;. A water-
proof coat.
IIJIEMJJHHHK m. nephewIIJIEM#HHI1E[A /. niece
IIJ1EH|KA /., gen. pi. -or filmIIponBr'iTB HJienKy. To develop a
filmu
IIJIEHO neut., pi. nJie^H shoulderHIiipoKHe nJie^ii. Broad shoulders.
IIojio?khtb pyny KOMy-KH6o Ha njie-
*io. To put one's hand on somebody'sshoulder.
<> Eaiy ,4to He no naeiy. This is
beyond his capacity (power, etc.) Pa-5oTaTb nJie^OM k njie^y c Keai-Jin^o.
To work hand-in-hand with some-body.
njIOTHHA /. damnjTOX|OIl, -an, -6e, -ne, short form
hjiox, njioxa, ujioxo, hjioxu; adv.
iijioxo; comp. xyme (q.v.) badITjioxaa noroA&- Bad weather. IIjio-
xoe HacTpoenne. A bad mood. ErojieJia njioxn. He is in a bad way.
Euy ujioxo. He feels bad. IXjioxo
paSoTaib. To work badly.
IIJIOmAJJlKA /. gen. pL -ok ground,pitchCnopTHBHan HJiomaAKa. A sports
ground.
njIOID,AJi;|b /., gen. pi. -en
1. square. L(eriTp6jibHaH nJiomaAB.A central square. (DoHTan nanJiomaffH. A fountain in asquare.
2. area. ILjiomaab TpeyroJibHHKa.The area of a triangle.
nJIH|TI>, -By, -senib, -syT imp., k y-
A a? h a ie m? to swim, to sail
CnopTCMen njiHBeT k 6epery. Thesportsman is swimming towards the
shore. JIoAKa nJibiBeT no perce. Theboat is sailing on the river. J^e-
tii HJiHByT na JiOAKe. The children
are sailing in a boat.
nJJH>K m. beachITecHaHLHi ujiktk. A sandy beach.
JlemaTh (3aropaxb) na njinJKe. Tolie (to sunbathe) on the beach.
IIO prep.
I. + dat.
1. along. Hath no jiopore. To go
along the road. Xo#htb no kom-naTe. To walk about in the room.
2. on, according to. ITpnexaTb ho npa-TJiameHHio. To come on somebody'sinvitation. G^eJiaTb no coneTyKoro-JiiiSo. To do something on
somebody's advice. Pa6oTaTb nonjiany. To work according to plan.
noB 100 nor
3. over. ToBopiiTb no TeJie^ony. Tospeak over the telephone. Ilepe^a-na no pa^no. A radio broadcast.
4: TeTpa^b no $ti3HKe. A physicscopy-book. MeMnnon no rHMnacTn-Ke. A gymnastics champion.
5. in + n, in pi. 3aHHMaTbcn noBeqepaM. To study in the eve-
nings.
6. on. IIoexaTb no aejiaaf. To S° 071
business.
II. -\- acc.
1. to. G nHToro no BocbMoe ^hcjio.
From the fifth to the eighth (in-
cluded).
IIOBK^A /. n a ft k e m? h a a h e m?victoryrtojinafl no6eAa. A complete victory.
OAep>KaTb no6efty Haft BparoM. Towin a victory over the enemy. Bep-nyTBCH c noSeAon. To return vic-
torious.
nOBEflflTB see IIOEEJKflATBIIOEE3K£A|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? ^ t o? / p. no6eA|aTB, 1st
pers. sing, not used, -tirab, -At to win,to conquer, to defeat, to overcomeIIo6e£HTB Bpara. To defeat the ene-
my. no6e#HTB B Bonne. To win avictory in a war. IIodeH^aTB CTpas.To conquer fear. IIoSeftUTb 6oJie3Hb.To overcome an illness.
HOEJIArOAAPftTB see BJTArOflA-PflTB
nOBJIE^HETB see BJIEftHETBnOBPriTBCH see BPfiTBCHno-BAniEMy
1. adv. as you want. Mli CfteJiaJin
no-BameMy. We did as you want-ed us to.
2. paren. word in your opinion.IIo-BanieMy, 3to npaBHJibHo? Doyou think it is right?
HOBEflEHHE neut. behaviourGKpoMHoe noBeAenne. Modest be-
haviour. GTpaHHoe noBeAenne.Strange behaviour.
HOBEPHTB see BEPHTBnOBEPH^TBCil see HOBOPA^H-
BATBCHHOBEPXHOCTB /. surface
Ha noBepxHOCTH 3eMJin. On the
earth's surface. J^BRffiemB no no-BepXHOCTH. Movement along a sur-
face.
HOBEGHTB see B'filHATB
nOBOPAHIIBAITBCH, -iocb, -embon,-iotch imp. Kyj^a?/p, noBepnjyTb-ch, -ycb, -erabcn, -yTcn to turnIIoBopaqiiBaTbCH na cnnHy. To turnon to one's back. IIoBepHyTbCH cniiHonK oimy. To turn one's back to the
window. IIoBepuyTbCH Hajieso. Toturn to the left.
IIOBTOPEHHE neut. review, recapi-tulationriOBTopenne MaTepnajia. Recapitula-tion of the material.
<> IIoBTopeiibe — MaTb yienbfi(proverb). Repetition is the motherof learning.
rtOBTOPHTB see IIOBTOPtfTB
nOBTOPSTBCa see IIOBTOPtfTBCHIIOBTOP^ITB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
xmo?/p. noBTop|HTb, -io, -iimb, -ht
1. to repeat. noBTOpnxe, noacajiyH-
CTa. Repeat that, please.
2. to review. IToBTopiiTb ypoK. Toreview one's lesson.
nOBTOP)!|TBCH, -iocl, -embca, -k>t-
ch imp.jp. nOBTopliiTbCfl, -iocb,
-nmbCH, -htch1. to recur. 3to cjiobo nacTo no-
BTopaeTca b TeKCTe. This wordoften recurs in the text.
2. to repeat oneself. floKJiaftqnK*iacT0 noBTOpnJicn. The speakeroften repeated himself.
norACflTB see TACETBnorHBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
o t q e r oP/i?. nornoH|yTb, -y, -emb,~yT, past norn6, -Jia, -jio, -jih to
perishilbrHGnyTb ot nyiin. To perish froma bullet.
nOrflBHyTb see noniBATBnorjlAflHTb see rJIA/JHTBnorjIHflfiTB see TJIilflETBnOrOBOPjflTB, -io, -MB, -ht p.
o k 6 m? o lew? c k e m? to
talk
IIoroBOpHTb o norofte. To talk about
the weather. Mne naAO noroBoptiTbc BaMU. / must speak to you.
IIOrOflA /., no pi. weatherKanan ceroftnn norofta? What is
the weather like today? Bee' Jiero
CTOHJia nJioxan noroA^- The wholesummer the weather was bad.
noryjMTB see ryjitfTB
nojj 101 1103
IIOA (IlOflO) prep. + acc. & insir.
I. -f- iristr.
1. under. Oh cn^eJi uoa A©pe-BOM.
77e was sitting under a tree.
2. jig. under. PaooTaTh hoa pyKO-bo^ctbom... To work under...
BojibHon 6hji noA HaSJUOffenneMBpana. The patient was undermedical observation.
3. near. JKhtb no's Mockboh. To live
near Moscow.4. in. Hath noa AOjKAeM. To walk in
the rain.
II. ~\~acc.
1. under. Oh ceJi hoa ^epeBO. Hesat down under a tree.
2. to. TaHn,eBaTfc hoa MV3HKy. Todance to music.
IIOfl;A]BA.Tb, -jo, -euib, -k>t imp.
hto? KOMy?/p. no^aTb, no^aM,noAamb, no^acT, noAaAHM, no^a-flirre, nofla^yT, />as£ noflaji, no^aJia,
noAaji|o, -h
1. to help on. IIoAaBaTb najibTo
AeBynrae. To help the girl onwith her coat.
2. to serve. IIoj^aBaTB qaii na ctoji.
To serve tea.
3. to extend. IIoAaBaTb pyny. Toextend one's hand.
<> PyKOii no^aTb! A stone's throw
(from).
nO^APfiTb see ftAPflTbn03,AP|OK m., gen. -Ka present
floporon noflapoK. An expensive
present. CfleJia-rb noflapOK Apyry.To give a present to one's friend.
noJiy^iiTt no.napoK ot ^pyra.. Toreceive a present from one's friend.
HOftATb see IIOAABATBnO^BHr to. feat
Tpy^OBon noABnr. A feat of
labour. CoseprnuTb noABnr. To ac-
complish a feat.
nOABOHH|I>IH, -an, -oe, -Lie under-waterIIOABOAnLin Miip. The underwaterworld. IloABOAHaH oxoTa. Underwa-ter hunting. IToABOAHaa JioAKa. Asubmarine.
nOJjrOTOBHTB see FGTOBHTB, 2
nOflrOTOBKA / k n e m y?1. preparation. IToAroToBKa k sk-
3aMeHaM. Preparation for exami-nations.
2. grounding, y Hero xopoxnan
noAroxoBKa no MaxeMaTnKe. H-e
is well grounded in mathematics.
nOflflEP^ATb see nOflflEPVKH-BATB
nO£flEP3KHBA|TB, -K), -einb, -iot
imp. koto? hto? <j e m? b ti e m?/
p. noAAepjnaTB, noAAepjKy, noAAep-/KHhib, noAAepH^ax1. to support. IIoAAep?KaTB Apyra
coBeTOM b TpyAHyio MnnyTy. Tohelp a friend with one's advice
at a difficult time.
2, to second. noAflepacaTb npeAAo-5KeHire Ha co6paHnn. To second
a move at a meeting.
IXOJpKAPHTB see 5KAPHTBnO^MECTS see nOflMETATBIIOflMETAITB, -k>, -emt, -k>t imp.
ito? qeM?/p. noAMe|cTrr, -Ty,
-Temb, -Tyx, past noAMeJi, noAMe-ji|a, -6, -it to sweepIIoAMeTaTB noJi. To sweep the floor.
nOAHHMA|Tb, -io, -enn>, -iot imp.
KOTO? H T 0?/p. UOAHHTB, HOAHH-My, noAHWMemB, noAHinvtyt
,past
hoahhji, noAH^Jia, uoahhjiIo, -ii
1. to pick up, to lift. IIoahhtb reT-
p&Ab c noJia.jTo pick up a copy-book
from the floor. IIOAHflTB pe6euKa.To lift a child. IIoAHflTb pyKy.To raise one's hand. IIoahhtbbopothhk. To raise one's collar.
2. to rouse. HoAHflTb c nocTeJin.
To rouse.
IIoAHHTb rayivi, KpiiK. To makea noise, to start shouting.
HOflHHMA |TBCH ,
-rocb, -erabca, -iot-
ch imp.jp. noAHHTbCH, nOAHiiMycb,nOAHHMenibCH, noAHJiMVTCH, past
noAHH|jicn (& noAHHJicn), -Jiacb,
-jiocb, -jnicb
1. tO get Up. IIOAHHMaTbCfl yTpOM c
nocTeJin. To get up in the morning.
2. to ascend. II
o
ahHMatb
c
h na ro-
py. To ascend a mountain. IIoa-
nniMaTbCji no JiecTHiine. To go
up the stairs.
3. to rise. IIoAHHMaTbCH na 6opb-
6y c BparoM. To rise to the
struggle against the enemy.
4. fig. to go up. I^eubi na npoAyK-th uOAHHJitfcb. The prices of
food-stuffs have gone up.
5. fig. to begin. IloAHHJicfl myM. Anoise began. IIoahhjich chjibhhh
BeTep. A strong wind has risen.
noA 102 UO>K
nO^HOC m. traynO^HtfTb see HOflHHMATbnOflH^TBCH see IIO£HHMAT&CHnOAO>KA|ATI>, -y, -emb, -yT) past
noAO/K^aji, nofl05Kja;aJia, noAO>KAa-ji|o, -h p. koto? h t o? or q e r 6 ?
to waitno#0/KAeM erne neMHoro! £e£'s iz;<u£
a bit longer!
no#OMTfi 5ee noAXOAHTbHOflnHGATt see IIOAnHCblBATbriOflnHCHBAlTb, -io, -enib, -iot imp.
hto? / p. noAHircaTb, nOAnniny,noAunrnemb, noAnnmyT to signIIoAnHcaTL A°KyMGHT. To sign a
document. IIoAmicaTb AOroBop. Tosign a treaty. IIoAnHCaTb corjiarne-
nne. To sign an agreement.
IIOflPOEHIbia, -an, -oe, -tie; adv.
doap66ho detailed
XiOApoSnoe iiiiclmo. A detailed let-
ter. Oh noAp66no paccKa3aJi o cBoeii
noe3AKe. He described his trip in
detail.
nOflPyrA /. {female) friend
niKOJitnaa noApyra. A school friend.
IToApyra AeTCTBa. One's playmate.nOAPymfiTLCH, noApyacyci,, no-
ApyjKHmbca, nOApy>KaTCH p. c
k e m? to become friends
HOApyJKBTbCH C HOBLIMH TOBapH-maMH. To make new friends. Bmct-po noApynaiTBCH. To become friendsquickly.
OOATBEPAflTB see IIQATBEP-
110ATBEP5KAA|TL , -io, -emE, -iot
imp. q t o?/p. nOATBeplAMTb, -Hey,
-flFfmt, -rAt to confirmOh noATBepAHJi, ^to npiiAer 3aBT-
pa. He confirmed that he wouldcome the next day.
nOAYMATb see A^MATbnOAYiniKA /., gen. pi. -en pillow,
cushionIIOAXOAflTb, eoaxO/K}', noAXOAnmb,
noAxoA^T imp. k k o m y? k q e-
tef?/p. noA0H|Ttr, -Ay, -flemb, -AY?,past noAomeji, noAOinJi|a, -6, -h
1. to approach. lioAXOAurb k ok-ny. approach the window.
2. k o m y ? to fit. 9th Ty^Jiii MnenoAXOA^T. These shoes fit me.
IIOA^EPKIIBA|Tb , -to, -emb, -iot
imp. q t o?/p. noA^iepKHlyTb, -y,
-eint, -yT
1. to underline. IIoAHepKHyTb cjio-
Ba KapaHflaraoM. To underlinewords in pencil.
2. fig. to emphasise. B flOKJiaae
h noA^epKnyji 3HaHemre qtofoH3o6peTeHHH. In my report Iemphasised the importance ofthis invention.
HOAHEPKHYTb see UGA^EPKH-BATB
nOATbE3>KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -kit imp.k kom y? k q e m y? / p . noA^e-xaTb, noA^eAly, -emb, -yT to ap-
proach, to drive up to
Il0A'be3;KaTb k ropo^y. To approachthe town. ABTo6yc noA^exaJi k oc-
TanoBKe. The bus drove up to the stop.
noH?>EM m.1. ascent, noatew: b ropy 6hji Tpy-
ACH. Climbing the mountain wasdifficult.
2. enthusiasm. Aothcth nrpajin c
6oJibmnM noA rteMOM. The actors
performed with great enthusiasm.
nOAT>EXATb see nOAT>E35KATbH0E3A m., pi. -a train
Gkophh noesA- A fast train. ExaTbna noe3AO. To go by train. Ilepe-
cecTb na noe3A- To change for a train.
nOE3A|KA gen. pi. -ok trip, tour
IlHTepecHafl noe3AKa. An interesting
trip. IIoe3AKa no CTpaHe. A tour of
the country.
IlOECTb, noeM, noernb, noecr, noeAnM,noeAHTe, noeA«T, past noeji, -a, -o,
-n to eat
ITohacm: noeAWMl LeVs go and get
something to eat!
nOEXATb, noeAly, -emb, -yx p. k y-
Aa? Ha ieM? to go, to drivelioexaTb Ha 3-KCKypcmo. To go on
an excursion. ABTo6yc ocTaHOBUJicn
okojio aoMa, a hotom noexaJi AaJib-
me. The bus stopped near the house
and then drove on. JTexOM mm no-
eA©M Ha ior. In summer we shall go
to the south.
IIoexajiH na Mexpo! (colloq.)
Let's go by the underground!
IIOSKAJIETb see >KAJIETbII05KAJ10BATbCH see HiAJIOBATb-
CHIIOMAJiyilCTA particle please
H3BHHHTe, no>KaJiyiiCTa. Excuse meplease. A^&Te MHe
>no^aJiyHCTa,
KHnry. Will you give me the book,
IIOJK 103 noK
please? CKasKHTe, no/KaJiy&CTa, r#eMeTpo? Could you tell me where the
underground station is, please? Cna-ch6o. — no/Kajiy&CTa. "Thank you.""Don't mention it."
H05KATb see HOJKHMiTB & 2KATBno>KEJIAHHE neut. wish
HoBoro^Hiie noHcejiaHHH. NewYear's wishes.
nOJKEJIATb see 5KEJlATbIIOKHJIfOK, -an, -6e, -He elderly
IIOHCHMAITL, -k), -emb, -k>t imp.qTO? / p. nojKaTb, no/KM|y
f-emb,
-yT to press
1. : Ohh KpenKo nonajis ^pyr ApyrypyKH. They shook hands heartily.
2. : floiKHMaTb nJie^aMH. To shrugone's shoulders.
n03ABOTHTbCH see 3AB0THTbCHITOSABUflOBATb see 3ABfiflOBATbH03ABTPAKATB see 3ABTPAKATBH03ABHEPA adv. the day before
yesterday9to cjiy^HJiocb nosaB^epa. It hap-pened the day before yesterday.
1203BATB see 3BATBn03BOHllTb see 3BOHHTBn<33aH|Hfi, -hh, -ee, -ne late
I163£HHH Be^ep. A late evening.
_Il63AHHe n.BeTLi . Late flowers.
n03flHO adv., comp. no3>Ke & ho3a-nee late
1, late. II63AHO ho^bio. Late at
night. II63TIH0 Jie^ib cnaTb. Togo to bed late. Oh npnmeJi nos->Ke Bac. He came later than you.
PeSenoK noaAHO Haqaji roBopnrb.The child began to speak late.
2. predic. impers. (it is) late. Cennacno3AHO. IV s late now. H63AH0roBopHTb 06 3T0M. IV s too late
to speak about that.
<> Jlyqine no3Aao, *ieM HHKorna.Better late than never. PaHo ejiii
HO3AH0. Sooner or later.
nO33OP0BATbCH see SftOPOBATb-CH
nOSaPlBHTb see IIOSflPABJlUTbn033PABJI#|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? hto? c h e m?/p. H03Apaj-BHTb, -bjiio, -BHiiib, -bht to congrat-ulate
no3#paBHTb ^pyaes c npa3AHHK0M.To congratulate friends on a festive
occasion. IIo3ApaBHTb c rts&m po>K-
neHHH, To congratulate somebody on
his birthday. ]Io3ApaBJraio c Hobhmtoaom! / wish you a Happy NewYear!
n03HAK0MHTbCH see 3HAK0-MHTbCH
nOSMATb see JIOB&TbnoH|Tfl, -jsy, -^emb, -Ayr, past nomeji,
nomjija, -6, -it p. Kyga?-f w/.to goIIohth b TeaTp, na K0Hn;epT. To goto the theatre, to a concert. MhnoE,n;eM ceroAHH Be^epoM b tocth.
Tonight we shall go visiting. OhMeftJieHHO nomeji k ABepH - Heslowly went towards the door. Iloii-
A§m ryjiHTbl Let's go for a walk!
<> IIoniJiH b kiiho! (colloq.) Let's goto the cinema!
IIOKA1. adv. yet. Oh nona He y^HTCH.
He doesn't go to school yet.
2. conj. while. IIoKa mh 3aHHMa-jihcb, nomeji Romjih. While wewere studying it began raining.
IIoKa meji Romgh, mh CHAeJra
AOMa. We stayed at home as long
as it rained. IIoKa He KOH^ynucbMo, He noHAy ryjiHTb. /
won't go out before I have fin-
ished the letter.
nOKA3ATb see H0KA3bIBATbnOKA3ATbCH see KA3ATBCH &
IIOKA3bIBATbCHnOKA3bIBA|Tb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.kom y? h e m y? k o r 6? hto? or
na koto? na hto?/^. H0Ka3aTb,noKa?Ky, noKa>Kemb, nonaJKyT1. to show. IToKa3aTb Apyry $oto-
rpa$HK). To show one's friend a
photograph.2. to point (at, . to). IToKa3HBaTb
pyKOH Ha 66JiaK0. To point at a
cloud with one's hand.
II0KA3bIBAjTbCH, -iocb, -embcn,
-iotch imp.jp. H0Ka3a,TbCH, noKa->Kycb, HOKajKembCH, noKaJKyTca to
showIl3-3a Tyn noKa3aJioeb cojrane. Thesun showed from behind the clouds.
Jlyna to noRa.3HBaJiacb, to Hcnesa-
Jia 3a oSJianaMH. The moon was nowvisible, now hidden behind the clouds.
IIOKOJIEHHE neut. generation
MoJiOAoe noKOJieHHe. The young gen-
eration. noKOJiemse othob. Theolder generation.
noK 104 noji
nOKPACHETb see KPACHETbnOKYIIAlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
to? ito? kom y?/ jp. Kyni'iTb, Kyn-jiio, KynnniL, ayaaT to buyHoKynaTb xJie6 b Mara3ime. To buybread in a shop. Kynii MHe cerofl-
Hfiffliiroio ra3eTy! Buy me today'spaper/ .
IIOKyPflTb see KyPflTbnOKymATb see KYBIATbIIOJI m., prepos. aa -y; pi. -li floor
^Ihcthh hoji. A clean floor. IJo^Me-TaTb nojr. To sweep the floor. jjeTHarpaJia na nojiy. The children wereplaying on the floor,
IIOJTIE neut., pi. -a
1. field. lUspOKOe noJie. A large
field. PacTii Ha noJie. To growin a field. Pa6oTaTi> b aojie. Towork in the field.
2. fig, field. UlnpOKoe noJie nea-TeJibHOCTii. A wide field of activ-
ity.
3. field. MarHi'iTnoe noJie. A magnet-ic field.
4. pi. brim, ffljiaaa c iiojihmii. Ahat with a brim.
IIOJIE3HO adv., predic. impers. (it is)
usefulE\iy nojieaHO Miioro ryjifiTb. It is
useful for him to walk a lot. Bojibeo-My noJie3HO nnTL (JpyKTOBHH cok. It
is good for the sick man to drinkfruit juice.
nOJIE3H|bIH, -aa, -oe, -He, short
form nOJie3eii, noJie3H|a, -o, -husefulIIoJie3aaa KHi'ira. A useful book.
nojie3HLiii coBeT. Useful advice.
nOJIET m. flight
OnaCHHH noJieT. A dangerous flight.
CoBepmHTb noJieT. To make a flight.
nOJIE|TETb, -ay, -thed*. -tht p. to fly
IIoJieTeTb b kocmoc. To fly to outerspace.
IIOJIllTHKA /., no pi. policy, politics
Baeuiaaa noJiiiTHKa. Foreign poli-
cy. BuyTpeanaa noJiiiTHKa. Homepolicy. 3aHHMaTBca noJiHTHKOii. Togo in for politics.
n0JIHTfiqECK|Hll, -aa, -oe, -He1. political, riojiHTH iiecKaa o6cTa-
HOBKa. The political situation.
IIoJinTH^ecKaa 6opb6a. A politi-
cal struggle. IIoJiHTHHecKHH aea-TejiL. A politician.
2. political. IIoJiHTMaecKaa bkoho-MSia. Political economy.
nOJIiKA /., gen. pi. -ok1. shelf. KaujKaaa noJiaa. A book-
shelf. Khhth cToaT na noJiKe.
The books are on the shelf.
2. berth. Bepxaaa (hhjkhhh) aoJi-
Ka B Baroae. An upper (lower)
berth in a railway carriage. Jle-
acaTb aa BepXHea noJiKe. To lie
on an upper berth.
<> rtojio5KHTi> 3y6i>i na nojiKy. Tostarve.
nOJIH[bIlI, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short formnoJion, nojia|a, -6, -u1. full. XIOJIHLIH CTaKaH BOflLI. A
glass full of water. 3aJi hojioii
spiiTeJieii. The hall is full of
spectators. KoMaaTa, aojiaaaCBeTa, A room full of light.
2. complete. IloJiHaa CBo66na. Com-plete freedom. IToJiuHn othlix.
Complete rest.
3. stout. riojiHHH nejiOBeK. A stout
man.nOJTHOCTblO adv. completely
H nojiaocTbio corjiacen c BaMii. /am in complete agreement with you.
nOJIOBflHA /. half
IToJiOBHHa nyTH. Half the way. ITo-
JiOBima ro#a. Half a year. IlepsaanoJiOBima arpH. The first half of
a match. BTOpaa noJiOBaaa XIX Be-
Ka. The second half of the 19thcentury. Cei^ac noJiOBima mecToro.It is half past five. ITpaxoAa-Te b DOJioBHee mecToro. Come at
half past five.
nOJIOHCEHHE neut. situation
3KoaoMaaecKoe aoJioiKeaae. Theeconomic situation. Taa<ejioe uojio-
>Keaae. A difficult situation. Ona-3aTLca b Tpy^HOM nojiO/Keaaa. Tofind oneself in a difficult situation.
HaHTtr bkexoa H3 Jiio66ro noJioJKe-
ana. To find a way out of anysituation.
nOJIQ2KETb see KJIACTbriOJIOTEIimE neut., gen. pi. -en; tow-
el
MoxaaToe HOJiOTeaae. A Turkishtowel. BbiTHpaTB pyan aoJiOTeaaeM.To dry one's hands with a towel.
IIOJ1TOPA m. & neut., gen. aoJiyTOpa;noJiTopbi /., num. one and a half
nOJIYOCTPOB m.}pi. ~a peninsula
noji 105 noM
IIOJiy^AITb, -K), -emb, -iot imp.n t o? ot koto? oTKyja?/p. nojiyqiiTB, nojiy^y, noJiy*nirflb,
noJiynaT1. to receive. IIojiy^aTb nncbMa 113
AOMa. To receive letters from home.IIojiy^HTb fleHbrn 3a pa66-Ty. To get money for one's
work. IIoJiyqHTb noAapOK ot ot-
n.a\ To get a present from onesfather. Ilojiy^iiTb npHrJiamenne.To receive an invitation.
2. to get. noJiyiriTb Hy?KHHH pe-
3yjitTaT. To get the necessaryresult. IToJiyqaxb caxap 113 cbck-jili. To obtain sugar from beetroot.
3. to receive. IIojiyqiiTb 3BaHiienpotjeccopa. To receive the title
of professor. IToJiyHHTb OTMeTKy.To get a mark. ITonyHHTb 6Jia-
roflapHOCTb. To be thanked.
nOJiyHAiTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -e*rcff, -iotch imp./ p.noJiy-qiiTbcji, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. noJiynrrrcfi, noJiy-
qaTCH1. : y Mena ne noJiy^aeTCH saflana.
/ can't manage the problem. (J)oto-
rpa$Hn nojiyTOjiricb xopomo.The photographs proved to be
good. Sa^a^ia ne noJiyqaeTCH.The problem won't work out.
2. : impers. IIoJiy^aeTCH, hto a bhho-belt. It looks as if I am to blame.
IIOJiyHftTb see IIOJiyHATbnOJiy^IflTbCH see IIOJiy^ATbCHnOJTOACA m., gen, nojiynaca balf an
hourH jKAaJi ero neJiux noJmaca. / wait-ed for him for a whole half-hour.
Oh DHcaJi b Te*ieHne noJiy^aca. Hewrote for half an hour.
IIOJIB3A /. useJlenapcTBO npiraecjio SoJibrnyio
noJib3y 6oJibHOMy. The medicinehelped the sick man very much.
nOJIf»3|OBATbCH, -yiocb, -yeimscH,
-yiOTca imp. h e m? / p. BOcnoJib3|o-
BaTbCH, -yiocb, -yeniLCH, -yiOTCH
1. to use. II6jib30BaTbCH SnoJiHOTe-KoiL To use a library. Il6jlb30-
BaTbCH nyjKEOH KHHroH. To usethe book one needs. IT6jib30BaTb-
ch ycjiyraMH. To avail oneself ofservices. BocnoJib30BaTbCH coBe-tom. To make use] of advice.
Bocn6jib30BaTBCH caynaeM. Toavail oneself of an occasion. IToJib-
30BaTbCH B03MOJKHOCTBK). Toavail oneself of an opportunity.IToJibsoBaTbCH npaBOM. To exer-
cise the right.
2. no p. to enjoy. IToJibSOBaTbcHU3BecTHOCTbio. To be well known.
IIOJlIOEflTb see JHOEflTbnOJliOEOBATBCH see JlIOEOBATb-
CHnOJTIOC m. pole
CeBepHLift iiojiioc. The North Pole.
HayraaH 3KCneAiiiiiiH na IO>KHbmiiojiioc. A scientific expedition to
the South Pole.
nOMEfflATb see MEIHATBnOMEmERHE neut, room, premises
HnJioe noMenxeHne. Living premises.
nOMEII(IIK m. landownerKpynnbifi noMemiiK. A big landown-
er. BoraTbiii noMeiHHK. A rich
landowner.
nOMHAOP m. tomatoCneJibie noMHAopbi. Ripe tomatoes.
GaJiaT 113 noMHAopoB. Tomato salad.
nOMHjHTB, -io, -Enib, -ht imp.
k o r 6? or *i t o? o kom? o icm?to rememberIToMHHTb poAHOH flOM. To rememberthe house where one was born. IIom-
hhtb OTna. To remember one's fa-
ther. IToMHHTb Apyre. To remem-ber one's friend. ITomhutb o CBoeHn,eJiH. To bear in mind one's aim.
<> He noMmiTb cedn (ot rneBa).To be beside oneself (with wrath).
IIOMOrA |TB , -io, -emb, -iot imp.
K o m y? ieiiy? vl e m? & + inf.f
p. rjowo^b, noMory, noMOJKenib,.
noMoryT, past noMOr, -Jia, -jio, -Jin
to helpIloMoraTb CTapon MaTepn. To helpone's old mother. ITomohb ApyryAo6pHM coBeTOM. To help one's
friend with good advice. IIom6hi>
6paTy pemiiTb 3aAaiy. To help
one's brother to solve a problem.
no-MOEMy1 . adv. my way. Oh c^eJiaJi sto no-
MoeMy. He did it my way.
2. paren. word in my opinion.
IIo-MoeMy, oh xopomiiii nejio-
BeK. In my opinion, he is a good
man.nOMOlIB see ITOMOrATb
noM 106 no
nOMOmHHK m. help
Ghh 6hji xopomiiM noMornmiKOMoxny. The son was a good help to
his father.
OOMOiqb /., no PL helpOKa3aTb noMomb panenOMy. Togive help to a wounded man. IIpo-
ciitb noMOinn y ,o;py3eH. To ask
one's friends for help. IIpocHTb o
noMomn. To ask for help. IIpHHTHHa noMOinb. To come to the aid.
OTKa3aTb b noMomn. To refuse to
give help.
nOHEflEJIbHIIK m. MondayB noHe^eJibHHK mm ye3>KaeM. Weleave on Monday. Ka>KAHH none-AeJibHHK (no none^eJibHHKaM) y nacoHBaiOT JieKnnn no JinTepaType.Every Monday we have lectures on
literature.
nOHHMA|Tb, -io, -enib, -kdt imp.KOTO? HT0?//>. HOHHTb, noHM|y,-einb, -yT, past nonaJi, noHHJia,nOHHJl|0, -H
1. to understand. H Bac uohhji.
/ understood you. Bli Bee hohb>Maeie? Do you understand every-
thing? IIoHMHTe Mena npaBHJib-ho! Don't misunderstand me.
2. to understand. Oh MaJio nons-MaeT b My3biKe. He does not
understand much about music,
HOHPABHTBCH see HPABHTBCflIIOHilTIiE neut. notion
Gjiobo h noHHTHe — pa3Hbie Benin.
The word and the notion are differ-
ent things.
<> H He iiMeio noHJTTiia o TBoeiipa5oTe. I've no idea of your work.
nOH#TH|Bia, -an, -oe, -He, short
form nouHTen, noHHTH|a, -o, -h un-derstandable, clear
nOHHTHO1. adv. clear(ly). 3to cjiobo BaM no-
HHtho? Is this word clear to you?Oh roBopuJi uohhtho. He spokeclearly. Mne Bee uohhtho. Eve-rything is clear to me.
2. predic.impers. (it is) clear. IIohht-H0. *JT0 B TaKOH ROTKJlJb OH He npH-jjqt. It's clear that he won't
come in such a rain.
XIOHUTB see HOHHMATBIIOOBEflATB see OEE^ATBHOOBEDJATB see OBEH^ATB
IIOIIAflA|TB, -k>, -enib, -iot imp./
p. nonaCTb, nonaflly, -einb, -yT, pastnonaJi, -a, -o, -n1. to hit. IIonacTb b n,eJib. To hit
the mark.2. to get. IIonacTb b TeaTp. To get
to the theatre.
3. to get. Kan bh cio^a nonajin?How did you get here?
4. impers., colloq. to catch it. MnenonaJio ot M&Tepn. / caught it
hot from Mother.<> KaK nonaJio. Anyhow. IIonacTblie b £>pOBh, a b rjia.3. Gf. Tohit the nail on the head.
nO-IIP£5KHEM.y adv. still, as before
Oh no-npe>KH6My jkhbSt 3#ecb. Hestill lives here.
HOnPdBOBATB see IIPOEOBATBnonPOGflTb see HPOCftTBnonPOE^ATBCH see IIPOIHATBCHnOPA1
/. timeH 3Haio ero c ^aBHnx nop. I've
known him for a long time. G Texnop nponuio mhoto JieT. Manyyears have passed since then. J\o chxnop Mbi Hnqero ne 3Haex\i o hSm. Westill don't know anything about him.
E[OP
A
2 predic. impers. it is timeITopa BCTaBarb — y?Ke no3#HO. It's
time to get up: it's already late.
nopa HflTii romoh. It's time to go
home. HaM nopa o6e^;aTb. It's timefor us to have dinner.
II0PA5KEHHE neut. defeatTnJKeJioe nopa^eHne. A heavy de-
feat. IIoTepneTb nopa>KeHHe b boh-h6\ To be defeated in a war. HaHe-cth uopa?KeHHe. To defeat.
nOPOIHIOK m.fgen. -k& powder
1. only sing, powder. 3y6n6n nopo-moK. Tooth-powder.
2, powder. JlenapcTBO b noponmax.Medicine in the form of powder.
npHHHMaTb no o^noMy nopom-Ky 3 pa3a b jxenh. To take onepowder 3 times a day.
IIOPT m., prepos. b nopry & o nopTeportMopCKon nopT. A seaport. PemionnopT. A river port. PaSoTaTb b nop-
Ty. To work at the port.
OOPTPET m. portrait
nOPTOEJIB 7n. brief-case
nO-PyCCKH adv. (in) RussianFoBopHTb no-pyccKH. To speak
XIOP 107 noc
Russian. Onri neJin 3Ty necnio no-
pyccKH. They sang this song in
Russian.
nOP#3IOK m., gen. -Ka1. order. V Mena b komhstg Bcer-
#a nopajipK. My room is alwaysin order. JJepjKaTb Benin b no-pa^ne. To keep things in order.
npHBeCTii Bee b nopa/ipK. Toput everything in order. Ilpn-BecTn ce6a b nopa^on. To tidy
oneself up.
2. succession. PaccKa3aTi> see nonopaftKy. To tell everything in
the same order as it happened.
<> Bee b nopaftKe. Everything is
all right.
nOCAAflTb see CAVKATBIIOCBHTflTB see IIOCBHIHATBHOCBHIIJAITB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
h t o? k o m y? ii e M y? / p. nOCBH|-THTb, -my, -THHIb, -THT1. to devote. jQocbhthtb ?KH3Hb
nayKe. To devote one's' life to
science.
2. to dedicate. IIocBHinaTb KHnryflpyry. To dedicate a book to
one's friend.
nOCETtfTB see nOCEII^ATBiIOCEIIi;A|TI>, -io, -erab, -iot imp.
koto? hto?/ p. nocejTHTb, -my,-THBJb, -THT
1. to visit. riocemaTb 6ojibnoro to-
Bapnrna. To visit a sick friend. IIo-
ceTHTb My3eH. To visit a museum.2. no p. to attend. noceinaTb jigk-
min. To attend lectures.
nOCJIATB see IIOCBIJIATBHOCJIE
1. adv. later. Mojkho hphhth ceH-
nac? — HeT, npHxo^H nocjie.
"May I come now?" "Notcome
later. 7 '
2. prep. -f- Sm - after. IlocJie o6e#a.
After dinner. IlocJie pa6oTH. Afterwork. Mojkho Mne B3Htb §TyKHiiry nocjie nee? May I havethe book after her?
nOCJIfi^HlHIt, -ah, -ee, -ne last
nocJie^HnH ^ens Mecana. The last
day of the month. Kto nocJiejrHnii?
Who is the last?
O BopoTbca so nocJTeAneii icanjia
KpOBH. To fight to the last drop
of blood. Co3Aaea.Tb HOB&ie Maraa-Hbi no nocJie^HeMy CJiosy TOXHHKn,
To build new machines accord-ing to the last word in technologyvUocjicAmie H3BecTiiH. The latest
news.
II0CJIE3ABTPA adv. the day aftertomorrow
nOCJIOBHIU /. proverbnOCJiymA|Tb
5-io, -enib, -iot p. ko-
ro? it o?
1. to listen (for a while). On no-ctohji, nocjiyraaji neMnoro hynreji. He stood and listened for
a while, then he went away.2. : IIocjiyinaH(Te), pa3Be 6to npa-
BiiJibno? Look here, is that right?
IIOGJiy HEATBCH see CJI^fflATbCflIIOCMOTPETB see CMOTPETBnOCOBETOBATb see COBETOBATBHOCOBETOBATBCH see COBETO-
BATBCHnOCnOPIITB see CHOPIITBnOCPEflft
1. adv. amid, among. Ha yjinnecoopaJiacb TOJina Hapojota. ITocpe-jjja cTOfiJi pe6enoK ii njiaKan. Acrowd of people had gathered in
the street. Among the crowdstood a child, crying.
2. prep, -f- gen. in the middle of.
IIocpeAn nJioma^H — KpaciiBbin
(jboHTan. In the middle of the
square there is a beautiful foun-tain.
nOCCOPHTbCH see CCOPHTBCHriOCTABHTB see CTABHTBnOCTAPATBCH see CTAPATBCHnOCTEJIb /. bed
EoJibHon ^oji/Kbh Jie>KaTb b nocre-Jin. The patient must remain in
bed. Euy neJib3a BCTaBaTb c no-CTeJin. He is not allowed to get up.
nOCTEQEHHO adv. graduallyOh nocTeneHso npnBHKaJi k kjiii-
MaTy. He gradually got accustomedto the climate.
nOCTO#HH|BM, -an, -oe, -He con-stant; adv. nocTOHHHO constantly,alwaysIlocTORHHaH reMnepaTypa. A con-
stant temperature. PeSenoK nocToan-ho 6oJieeT. The child is always ill.
IIOCTO|£Tf>, -io, -rinib, -ht p.i. to stand (for a while). Ghahtc,
ne 6ecnoK6iiTecb, a uoctoio.
Keep your seat, and don't worry;
I'll stand. Oh nocroaji neMaoro
noc 108
H yraeji. He stood for a whileand then went away.
2.: Hoctoh(tg)! Wait!nOCTPOTbCH see CTPflHbCflnOCTPOHTb see CTPOHTbnOCTYIIAITb, -10, -emb, -eot imp.
I
p. HocTynHTb, nocTynJiio, nocTy-nimb, nocTynHT1. to act. ^ecTHO nocTynaTb. To
act honestly. IIjioxo nocTynnTb.To act badly.
2. Ky#a? to enter. nocTynnxb bHHCTHTyT, Ha HCTOpHHeCKHH $a-Kyjibxer. To enter an institute,
the history department. IToCTy-niiTb Ha pa66xy. To take up work.
3. : IIocTynHJio npe^JiomeHHe. Thereis a proposal.
nocTynfiTt see nocTynATbnOCT^niOK m., gen. -Ka action
^IecTHHii noCTynoK. An honest ac-
tion. GoBepinnTb repoHHecKHii no-CTynoK. To accomplish a feat.
nOCTy^ATfc see CTy^IATbriOCyjJA /. crockery
^annan nocyjia. Tea-things. Mhtbnocy#y. To wash up.
IIOCbIJIA|Tb, -fo, -emb, -iot imp.koto? h t o? kom y? h e m y?or k kom y? / p. nocjiaTt, nonui|i6,
-emb, -k>t
1. to send. MaTb nocjiaJia peSeHKab Mara3nH 3a xjie6oM. The mothersent her child to the shop forsome bread. Ero nocjiaJin Hapa6oTy b GapaTOB. He was sent
to work in Saratov.
2. to send. IIocjiaTB nucBMO po^ii-
TejEHM. To send a letter to one's
parents.
n0Cb'lJI|KA gen. pi. -ok parcel
IIo^TOBaH nocHJiKa. A parcel sent
by post. OrapaBHTB nocbiJiKy. Tosend a parcel. IIojiyqiiTb nocbiJiKy
ot po^nTeaen. To receive a parcel
from one's parents.
nO-TBOEMy1. adv. as you wish. Bee 6y#eT no-
TBoeMy. Everything will be done
as you wish.
2. paren. word in your opinion.
IIo-TBoeMy, 9to npaBHJibHO? Doyou think it's right?
IIOTEPHTb see TEPHTbnOTOJT|OK m., gen. -Ka ceiling
Bhcokhh hotojiok. A high ceiling.
Hhbkhh hotojiok. A low ceiling.
Ha noTOJiKe bhcht nawna. A lampis hanging from the ceiling.
IIOTOM adv. thenGnanaJia mh noo6e^ajin, a noxoMnomjTH ryjiaTb. We first had dinnerand then went for a walk.
nOTOMy" HTO [tnxo] conj. becauseOh He niicaJi nnceM, noTOMy tto6hji 3aHHT. He didn't write tetters
because he was busy.
nOTOH^Tb see TOH^TbIIOTP£BOBATb see TPEEOBATbnOTPOrATb see TPOrATbnOTHHyTb see THHyTbnoyHHHATb see yXtfiHATbnOXBAJIflTb see XBAJlflTbnOXOfl m. hike
TypncTH^ecKHH noxoxi;. A walking-tour. Xo#iixb b noxo#. To hike, to
go on a walking-tour.
nOX<35K|HH, -an, -ee, -ne, short formnoxojK, -a, -e, -n resemblingHa Koro oh hoxojk? Whom does helook like? Oh noxojK na Moero 6paxa.He looks like my brother,
nOIJEJIOBATb see IJEJIQBATbIIOIJEJIOBATbCH see IJEJIOBATbCHnO^BA /. soil
IIOHEMy adv. whynoneMy bli ono3aaJra? Why areyou late?
IIO^EMy-TO adv. for some reasonnoHewcy-TO oh ne npiraieji. For somereason he has not come.
IIO^ETHiblS, -an, -oe, -He honorarynoneTHoe 3Bamie. An honorary title.
noneTHHH rocTb. A guest of honour.
IIOHHHflTb see HHHflTbnOHflCTHTb see ^SCTHTb, 1
nOHTA /.
1. post. nocbutaTb hto-jih6o hoh-toh (no noHTe). To send some-thing by post.
2, post-office. Pa6oTaTb na uonte.
To work at a post-office. 116iTapa66xaeT c 7 yxpa jxo 12 hohh.The post-office is open from7 in the morning to 12 at night.
IIOHTfl adv. almostOh oTftbixaJi hohth flBa Mecflna. Herested for almost two months.
nO^yBCTBOBATb see H^BCTBO-BATb
nOfflyTfiTb see myTMTbII03T m. poet
nod 109 nPE
nOSTOMY adv. that is whyIlonieji goTKRh, no§TOMy mh ocxa-jiHCfa AOMa. It began raining, that's
why we stayed at home,HOHBETbCH see nOHBJI#TbCHnOHBJlii|TbCH, -iocl, -emtcH, -k>t-
ch imp. r j\ e? / p. noHBirrbCH, hosb-Jii6ci>, noaBHoibCH, nofiBHTCH to ap-pear, to come outHa iie6e hohbhjihcb 3Be3,n;Li. Stars
came out in the sky.
HOHC m., pi -a
1. helt. none naJibTO. ^4 coa£ belt.
miipoKiin none. A wide belt. 3a-
CTerayTb none. To fasten the belt.
2, waist. Ctohtb b boab no none.To stod waist-deep in water.
XIPABflA /.
1. truth. 3to npaB,a;a. This is the
truth. PoBOpi'iTB npaBfty b rjia3a.
To speak the truth to somebody'sface.
2. used as pred. it. is true, ITpaB/ia,
ito oh yexaji?—ilpaBija. "Is it
true that he has left?" — "Yes,it is."
<> IIo npaB#e rocopa... To tell thetruth...
nPABflfiBIMM, -an, -oe, -Lie truthfulnpaB^iiBLiii ^ejiOBe.K. A truthfulman. IIpaBAHBLie rjia3a. Truthfuleyes. IIpaBj^HBaH ncTOpHH. A truestory.
nPABHJIO neut.
1. rule. npaBHJio rpaMMaTHKH. Agrammar rule. Tpy/rnoe npasnJio.A hard rule.
2. only pi. rules. Go6jrio^aTi> npa-BHJia. To observe the rules.
KaK noaBiiJio. As a rule.
nPABHJIBH|£>lK, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv.
npasHJiBHO correct; rightIlpaBHJibHHE otb6t. A correct an-swer. Oh npaBHJibHO pemnji aa^a^y.He solved the problem correctly.
ripaBHJiLHo! That's right!
UPABflTEJIBCTBO neut. government1TPAB|0 neut., pi. -a.
1. right. H36KpaTeJifcHoe npaBo. Suf-frage. TpaH^aHCKHe npaBa. Civil
rights. ITpaBo na TpyjD(. The rightto work IIpaBo na ot^hx. Theright to rest, Il6jib30BaTbCH npa-BaMH. To exercise one's rights.
2. law. H3y«iaTB npaBo. To studylaw.
IIPABJ bill1,-as, -oe, -Lie right
IJpaBaH pyna. The right hand (arm).IIPABIblll 2
,-an, -oe, -Lie, short form
npaB, npaBa, npaBjo, -u1. only short form right. Oh npaB
B 3tom Bonpoce. He is right in
this question. Bli ne npaBH. Youare not right.
2. only complete form right. Bo-poTLCH 3a npaBoe Rem. To fight
for the right cause.
UPABJ^RKK m. holiday, festive occa-
sionHaiinoHaJibHHn npa3AHHK. A nation-
al holiday. ripa3AHiiK IlepBOro
Man. The First of May holiday.
Il03ApaBJIHTb c npa3AHHKOM. Tocongratulate on a holiday.
IIPA3$HII *IE. | bill , -an, -oe, -He fes
tive, holiday-likeIlpa3AHHqHbin ropoft. A holiday-
like city. npas^HH^HHU Be^ep. Afestive evening-party. npa3flHHqHHHkoctiom. One's best clothes. npa3,ri-
Hn^iHoe HacTpoenne. A holiday mood.IIPA33H|OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yK>T
imp. ^to? to celebrate
]Ipa3AH0BaTL no6e,ny. To celebrate
a victory. IIpa3£H0BaTb j^enb po>K-
qeHHH. To celebrate one's birthday.
HPAKTHKA /.
{. practical work. IIoexaTb Ha npaK-THKy. To go to practical work.
IIpoxoAnTb npaKTHKy na 3aBO#e.
To do one's practical work at a-
plant.
2. practice. CBH3aTb Teopnio c npan-THKon. To link theory with prac-
tice.
IIPAKTfMECKIHH, -aa, -oe, -ne
1. practical. iIpaKTH^ecKiie 3ana-
thh. Practical studies.
2. practical. npaKTH^ecKHU coBe-r.
Practical advice.
HPAIEHHIAH /., gen. -on laundryCztaBaTb 6ejibe b npawmyio. Tosend one's washing to the laundry.
IIPEBPATflTb see UPEBPADJATbnPEBPATflTbCH see nPEBPA^ATb-
Cfl
HPEBPAmA|Tb , -io, -euiB, -h>t imp.
koto? ito? b k o r 6? b o h
t
6?/
p. npeBpa|THTb, -niy, -Tiimb, -tht
to turn (into)
IIpeBpaTHTb nyCTMHio b ca#. Toturn a desert into an orchard.
HPE no nPE
HPEBPAHJAlTBCH, -row,, -embCH,-IOTCH imp. B K T 6? BO H T 6?/
p. npespalTHTbca, -myct, -TiraibCH,
-TflTCH to turn (into)
Bo,o;a npeBpaTHJiacb b nap. The wa-ter turned into vapour.
nPE^JIAPAlTb, -io, -emL, -k>t imp.kom y? lI gm y? HTO? & +inf. I p. npe^JiowiiTB, npeAJiojfty,
npe^jroH^nmb, npe^Jio>KaT
1. to offer. Oh npeflJioJKHJi mmk6$c He offered us coffee.
2. to suggest. Oh npeftJiojiuiJi noii-
Tii b khho. He suggested that weshould go to the cinema.
IIPEflJtOaCfiHHE 1 neut.
1. proposal, suggestion. BnecxHnpe^Jio/Kenne na coSpanHii. Tomake a proposal at a meeting.
BocnoJib30BaTbCH npeAJiOH^enneM.To avail oneself of a suggestion.
rioJie3Hoe npeflJiojKeHHe. A use-
ful suggestion.
2. proposal. CAe-naib npefljiojKeHiie
JirooYiMOH fleByniKe. To proposeto the girl one loves.
IIPE3JI05KEHHE 2 neut. sentence;clause
nPEflJ10>KfITI, see IIPEftJTArATBIIPE^MET m.
1. object. Thjkcjilih npe^MeT. Aheavy object.
2. subject. H naynaJi 3th npe^MeTHB niKOJie. / studied these subjects
at school.
IIPEflnPIIilTIIE neut. enterprise
Pa6oTaTB Ha npej^npUHTHH. To workat an enterprise. CoBpeMennoe npe#-npHHTne. A modern enterprise.
IIPEftCEflATEJIB m. chairmanIlpe^ceflaTeJiB co6pannn. The chair-
man at a meeting. npe^ce^aTeJibK0JlX03a. A collective-farm chairman.
nPEflCTABHTEJlb m. representativeITpeflCTaBHTeJixi napo^a. Representa-tives of the people. IIpeACTaBHTejrasaBOjia. Representatives from a
plant.
IXPEnCTABHTB see IIPEflCTAB-JIHTb
nPEJi;CTABJl}!|Tb, -io, -emt, -iot
imp. Jp. npeACTalBHTL, -bjiio, -Biimb,
-BHT1. hto? to imagine. Ilpe^CTaBJiHTB
ce6e KapTimy 6yAyin.ero. Toimagine the future.
2. k o r 6? k o m y? to introduce.Ilo3B6jii>Te npeACTabhtb Ban to-
Bapuma H. Let me introduce
Comrade N.
nPEfflCTOlHTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -ht, -at imp. k o-
m y? q e m y? to be aheadHaM npe^CTOHT HHTepecnaa noeajt-
Ka. We are faced with an interesting
journey. Mne npe^CToiiT noexaTb naceBep. / am to go to the north.
nPEnynPEflfiTB see nPE^ynPE-
nPEJjynPE^K^AjTB, -io, -eniB, -iot
imp. koto? hto? o q e m?/
p. npeaynpelfli'iTb, -JKy, -Aifrnb, -aht1. to warn. ITpeAynpeAHTb nejioBe-
Ka 06 onacnocTii. To warn a per-
son of danger. iTpesynpeflHTB ot-
paA o npnGjinncennn Bpara. Towarn a detachment of the ap-proach of the enemy.
2. to prevent. IlpeAynpoKAaTb 60-
Jie3Hb. To prevent a disease.
nPE/K^E1. adv. before, first of all. ilpen^emh BCTpenaJincb qacTo. We used
often to meet before. ITpejKfte
Bcero, CKajKHxe rjiaBHoe. First
of all, tell me the main thing.
2. conj. before. npe>Kffe neu tobo-piixb, noAyMan. Think before youspeak.
nPEyKHlIlH, -hh, -ee, -ne formerB npe?KHee BpeVn. In former times;
in the old days. IIpeJKHnH nanaJib-
hkk. The former chief.
nPEKPACH|LIII, -an, -oe, -He, short
form npenpacen, npeKpacnja, -o>
-h; adv. npeKpacno1. beautiful. Ona 6HJia npeKpacna,
She was beautiful.
2. fine, wonderful, beautiful. npe-Kpacnan noroAa- Fine weather.
npeKpacHLin cneKTaKJib. A won-
derful performance. Oh npeKpacnoTanuyeT. He dances beautifully.
3. used as particle very good, fine.
npeKpacno, h saBTpa npHAy.Very good, Pit come tomorrow.
<> B oahh npeKpaciibiii Aenb. Onefine day.
nPEKPATfiTb see XTPEKPAIDtATBIIPEKPATfiTBCH see nPEKPAIHATb-
CH
hpe 111 nPH
nPEKPAID;A|Tb, -10, -emb, -k>t imp.hto? & + inf* i P- npeKpa[THTb,
-my, -THinb, -tht to stop
IIpeKpaTHTB pa3roBop. To drop a
conversation. UpenpaTiiT© pasroBa-pnBaTBl Stop talking!
nPEKPAIH.AlTLCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers, -eTCH, -iotch imp./
p. npeKpaT|HTBca, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch to stop
JJojKjjb ho npeKpamaJica. The rain
didn't stop. BeTep npeKpaTHUCH.The wind has abated.
IIPfiMHH /. bonusIloJiy^HTB njpeMHK). To get a bonus.
IIPEOaOJIEBAITfc, -io, -emB, -kjt
imp. hto?/j9. npeo,noJie|TB, -k>,
-einb, -k)t to overcomeXIpeoflOJieBaTB npenHTCTBHH. Toovercome obstacles. IIpeOflOJieTB yc-
TaJiocTB. To overcome fatigue. Ilpe-
OflOJieTb CTpax. To overcome fear.
nPEOftOJIETb see HPEOftOJIEBATEnPEnO^ABATEJIb ro. teaclier
Ohhthbih npenoflaBaTeitB. An ex-
perienced teacher. npeno#aBaTeiiBpyccKoro H3HKa. A Russian teacher.
IIPEnHTCTBME neut. obstacle
Cepte3Hoe npenHTCTBne. A serious
obstacle. BcTpeTHTb npenaTCTBHena hvth. To meet with an obstacle.
IlpeoAOJieTb Bee npenaTCTBEH. Toovercome all obstacles.
nPECTYIIJIEHHE neut. crimeCoBepmHTB npecrynji&sne. To com'mit a crime.
nPECT^nHHK m. criminalOnetcHHH npecTynnHK. A dangerouscriminal. ApecTOBaTB npecTynmsKa.To arrest a criminal.
IIPH prep.-f- prepos.
1. in one's presence. He roBopnreTaK npn MHe. DonH speak so in
my presence.
2. under. lips IleTpe I. UnderPeter I.
3. at. npn TeMnepaiype b 100 rp£jry-
cob DjejiLCHH Bo^a npeBpamaeTCHB nap. At a temperature of 100°Cwater turns into vapour. Ilpn cepb-eaHOM oTHomennH k flejiy bbi ro-6teTecB 6oirBmHx ycnexoB. // youadopt a serious attitude towardswhat you do, you'll make great
progress.
4. on, with. Hm&tb hto-jih6o npnce6e. To have something with one.
5. in. IIpH CBeTe jivhh. In the moon-light.
nPHEJTOKAlTbCH, -iocb, -emtcji,
-iotch imp. k kom y? k igm y?/p. npH6jIH|3HTBCH, -HtyCB, -3HUIBCH,
-3HTCH1. to approach. Il6e3fl npn6jiHH<aeT-
ch K ropojry. The train is ap-proaching the town.
| fig. npn6jiH-3HTBCH K neJiH. To get nearer to
one's aim.
2. fig. no p. to draw nearer, npntjjin-
>KaeTCH npa3£HHK. The holidayis drawing near.
nPHEJlfl3HTECH see IIPHEJIII-5KATECH
nPHEOP m.1. device, instrument. TonHBie
npnSopBi. Precision instruments.
2. set. 06eAeHHBiH npn~66p. Cover.
BpHTBenHHH npn66p. Shavingrequisites.
IIPHEEIBAlTE, -io, -emt, -iot imp,
Ky«a? / p. npn6BiTB, npn6yA[y,-emB, -yT, past npiiSmi, npn6Ma,npn6Liji[o, -h to arrive
FjiaBa npaBHTejiBCTBa npnSbiJi c bh-
3htom b coceAHioio CTpany. Thehead of the government arrived in
the neighbouring country on a visit'.
CaMOJier npn6BiJi tohho. The planehas arrived on time.
nPHEL'ITB see IIPHEBIBATLHPHBECTfl see HPHBOflfiTEIIPHBET m. regards
ropannH npnBeT. Warmest regards.
IlepeAaTb npiraeT flpyry. To send
a friend one's regards.
nPHB£TCTB|OBATE, -yio, -yemb,-yioT imp. koto? h t o? to wel-comeBee npHBeTCTBOBaJin BLicoKoro ro-
cth. Everyone welcomed the guest
of honour. IIpHBeTCTBOBaTB pemenuenpaBHTejiBCTBa. To welcome the de-
cision of the government.
nPHBOflflTB, npHBOJKy, npHBOflHmb,npHBO^HT imp. koto? h t o?/
p. npnBecTH, npnBe#]y, -emt, -yT,
past npnBeji, npHBeji[a, -6, -n
1. to bring. IIpHBecTH pe6enKa b
j^ctckhh ca#. To bring a child
to the kindergarten.
112 npfir
2. to lead, flopora npHBeJia b nee.
The road led to the forest.
3. fig. to lead. 3to npHBejio k to-
My, hto... This led to...
4. to quote, to cite. npiiBO^trTB npn-MepH. To quote examples. ITpHBec-
tii nirraTy. To cite a quotation.
nPHBbIKA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
k k o m y? k ?6M y? & -[- inf. I p.
npHBHKHlyTL, -y, -emb, -yT, pasf
npiiBHK, -Jia, -310, -JIH
1. to get accustomed. flpiiBbiKaTb
k HOBOMy KjiiiMaTy. To get accus-
tomed to a new climate. IIpHBLi-
W&TE> :• HOBHM TOBapiiiljaM. Toget accustomed to new friends.
2. to get into the habit (of). IIps-
bhkhvtb KypiiTB. To get into
the habit of smoking.
nPHBblKHy-Tb see nPHBMKATbIIPHBb'IHIKA f., gen. pi. -eit habit
Xopouiafl npiiBM^Ka. A good habit.
Bpe^Hatf npHBH^Ka. A dangeroushabit.
nPIirJIAC&Tb see nPHTJIAIHATbIIPHrJIAfflAlTb, -K3, -enib, -iot imp.
koto? ito?& + inf. / p. npnrjiai-
chtb, -my, -ciinib, -crt to invite
npurjiacirrb j^eBymny b TeaTp. Toinvite a girl to the theatre. IIpH-
rjiamaTb b rocTH. To invite some-
body to one's house. Oh npnrjiacnji
flesyniKy TanueBaTb. He asked the
girl to dance with him,
IIPIirJIAIIIEHHE neut. invitation
HojiyquTb npurjiameHne na Beqep.
To get an invitation for an evening-
party. ITpiiHHTL npnr3iameHiie no-
ceTHTb CTpany. To accept the invi-
tation to visit a country.
IIPBTOBOP m. sentenceGnpaBe^JiMBBin nparoBOp. A fust
sentence. Bmhochtb npnrOBOp. Topass sentence. IIpHBOflHTb npnro-Bop B rrcnojiHenue. To execute] a
sentence.
nPIiroiAflTbCH, -Hcyct, -AHmbCH,-.hatch p. k o m y? q e m' y? to prove
useful
Mue npnro/iuJiCH tbom cob6t. Youradvice proved useful to me.
nPIirOTOBHTb see FGTOBHTb, 1
nPHrOTOBIITbCH see POTOBHTb-CH
nPHHYMATb see nPHfl^MblBATb
nPH,n;yMbIBA|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot
imp', hto? / p. npH,nyMa|Tb, -io,
-erab, -iot to make up, to think of,
to inventIIpiiAyMaTb npeA-fio^enne. To makeup a sentence. IIpHgyMaTb hcto-piiK). To invent a story. IIpimyM&HTeHTO-HH&jyAbI Think of something!
IIPHE33KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
nyfla?//). npnexaTb, npne^ly,-emb, -yT to comeIIpiiexaTb b qyJKofi ropoA- To cometo a strange city. ITpiiexaTb k po-AHTejiHM. To come to one's parents.
Ilpiiexary, na TpaMBie. To come bytram.
nPHEXATb see IIPME3}KATbIIPI13HAI BATb , -io, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? ito? / p. npH3ea|Tb, -io,
-emb, -iot
1. to recognise. npH3HaBaTb hobognpaBHTeJiBCTBO. To recognise anew government.
2. to admit. IIpH3HaTb cboet omn6-kh. To admit one's mistakes.
nPH3HA|B ATbCH , -kjcb, -embCH,-iotch imp. kom y? q e m y? bq e m?/p. npH3Ha|TbCB, -iocb, -emb-ch, -iotch
1. to declare. IIpH3HaTbca AeBynmeb jiioSbu. To declare one's love to
a girl.
2. to admit. IIpB:3HaTbCH b cbohxorau6Kax. 'To admit one's mis-takes.
XIPH3HATb see IIPH3HABATbnPH3HATbCH see IIPH3HABATbCHnPHHTfl see IIPHXO^IiTbnPHfiTfiCb see nPHXOftfiTbCHIIPHKA3 m. order
GTpornn npHKa.3. A strict order. Bbi-
noJiHHTb npHKas KOMaHAupa. Tocarry ' out the commander s order.
Ota^tb npHKa3 coJi^aTaM. To give
an order to the soldiers.
ni>HKA3ATb see IIPHKA3 bIBATbEtPHKA3HBAjTb , io, -emb, -iot imp.'
k o m y? q e m y? -f- inf. [ p. npni<a-
3aTb, npnKaJKy, npnKa?Kemb, npn-Ka>KyT to orderIlpHKa3aTb BoncKaM na^aTb na-CTynJieHne. To order the troops to
commence an offensive.
nPHMEP m.1. example. Bbitb npuwepoM ajih
Apyrnx. To set an example for
nPH 113 hph
others. OieAOBaTb npiiMepy 6para.
To follow one's brother's example,
2. example. ITpHBecTH npiiMep. Toquote an example.
nPHHA#JIE5K|ATL, -y, -rinib, -aT
imp. k o m y? ^e My? to belong3eMJiH npHiiaAJiexurr napoAy. Theland belongs to the people.
HPHHECTfl see UPHHOCflTbIIPIIHMMAlTb, -K), -einb, -iot imp.
koto? HTo7/p. npHHHTb, npHMy,npiTMemb, npifMVT, past npimnji,
npHHffjia, npi'iHHJi|o, -n
1. to receive. IIpHHHMaTb ro-CTeH.
To receive guests.
2. to take. IIpHHHMaTb JieKapcTBO.
To take medicine.
3. to take. jflpHHHTb penienne. Totake a decision.
4. to adopt. npiitiHTb hobhh 3a-
koh. To adopt a new law. IIpH-
hhtb pe3uJiioHHio. To adopt a
resolution.
5. to accept. IIpHHHMaTb npe£JTO-
>KeHne. To accept an offer, IIpH-
HHTb npur.JiaraeHHe. To accept
an invitation.
6. to admit. Moero cbina npimaJiHb HHGTHTyr. My son has .been
admitted to the institute.
7. : nprmaTb y^acTue (b HeM-jifiSo).
To take part (in something).
HPHHOCfiT£>, npaHOiny, npHHociinib,
nptiHocHT imp. koto? 1ito?/
p. iipiiBec|TH, -y, -emb, -yT, past
rrpunec, npimecJi|a, -6, -ri
1. to bring. IIpHHecTH neMOAaH. Tobring a suit -case.
2. : ITpHHocnTb noJib3y (BpeA). Toprove useful (harmful),
nPfiHIJffll m. principleMMeTb TBepAbre npHHHnnbi. To have
firm principles. OcHOBHtie npnHHK-ii hi Hccjie#oBaHHfl. The basic princi-
ples of investigation.
IIPMHflTb see III MHHMATBHPHPOflA /. nature
BoraTan npHpoA^- Rich plant andanimal life. MayqaTb npnpoAy. Tostudy nature.
IIPIICJIATB see IIPHCblJIATBnPHCyTCTB|OBATb, -yio, ~yemb,
~y eot imp. tag? to be present
npIICVTCTBOBaTb Ha co6paHHii. Tobe present at a meeting. Oh npa-cyTCTBoBaJi npn stom pa3roBope.
He was prpsent when this conversa-
tion took place.
nPHCBIJTAlTB, -ro, -emb, -iot imp.koto? hto? k o m y? / p. npnl-cji&tb, -mirio, -mjiemb, -hijikjt
1. hto? k o m y? to send. IIpHCLi-
JiaTb nncbMa MaTepn. To sendletters to one's mother. ITpnxJiaTbnncbMo no noHTe. To send aletter by post.
2. k o ro? 3 a h e m? to send. ITpH-cjiaTb 6paxa 3a KHiiroiL To sendone's brother for a book.
nPHXGflfiTb, npnxojKy, npiixoAHmb,npHXOAHT imp. Ip. npuHTH, npiiAly,
-emb, -yT, past npnmejx, npnmjija,
-6, -k
1. tO Come. UpHHTH aomoh. Tocome home. IIpHXOAHTb na JieK-
HHK). To come to a lecture. IIpH-
XOABTb K 60JIbH0My TOBapHIHV.To come and' see a sick friend.
IIpHHTH B roCTH. To come on avisit.
2, to, set in. npnmjia BecHa. Springhas set in.
3: to come. IIpHHTH k BUBOAy (pe-
meHHip). To come to a conclusion
(a decision). IIpHHTH K corJia-
meHHio. To come to an agree-ment.
4.:IIpHHTH b BOCTopr. To be enrap-
tured.
<> MHe b rojiosy npnmjia mbicjib.
An idea' occurred to me. IIpHHTHb. ce6n. To come to one's senses.
IIpHBTH b c03HaHHe. To regain
consciousness.
nPHXOftfiTECH impers. npnxoAHTCHimp. kom y? / p. npHHTBcb, npH-AeTCH,: past npnmJiocb to have (to)
Mae ripHAeTCfl BaM Bee paccKa3aTb.I'll have to tell you everything. Hawnpnmjiocb npo^HTaTb Gojibihoh Ma-TepnaJi. We had to read much ma-terial.
nPHHECAT£>CH see IIPH^ECBI-BATbCH
HPHHECMBAITbCH, -iocb, -embCH.,
-iotch imp. ien?/p. npsqecaibCH,npnqemycb, npHMemerabCH, npn-HemyTCfi to comb one's bair
UPH^riHA /. cause/reasonGMenTbca 6e3 nparaHHH. To laugh
without any reason.
nPH 114 npo
nPM#TH|bI#, -an, -oe, -He, short
form npiiHTeH, npiiHTHja, -o, -h;
adv. npHHTHO pleasant, niceIIpHfiTHEif leiroBeK. A nice person.
IIphhthhh nBeT. A nice colour.
IIpHHTHafl hoboctb. Pleasant news.\predic. impers. Miie 6hjio npHHTHOCJiymaTb ero. It was pleasant to
me to listen to him.IIPO prep.
-J-acc., colloq
;about
PaccKajKii npo ce6n. Tell aboutyourself. Oh paccKa3as naM cna3Kynpo BoJina. He told us a tale abouta wolf.
<> HitTaxb npo ce5n. To read to
oneself.
IIPCE |OBATB , -yso, -yemb, -vkjtimp. h t o? or -f- inf. /p. no-np66|0BaTb, -yio, -yenib, -viot
1. to try. IIonp66oBaTb pemnTb3aAaHy. To try to solve the prob-lem.
2. to taste. IIonp66oBaTb cyn. Totaste the soup.
3. : Oh nonpoSosaJi cboh chjibi b
<J)yT6oJie. He tried his skill at
football.
IIPOBEPHTb see IIPOBEPtfTbIIPOBEP#|Tb, -m, -erat, -iot imp.
h t o? / p. npoBep|nTb, -io, -nmb,-ht to check, to try
IIpoBepHTb ynpajKHeHiie. To checkan exercise. IIpoBepHTb ohht. Tocheck an experiment.
IIPOBECTff see IlPOBOflfiTb1
nPOBOftfiTb 1,npoBOJKy, npoBOAnmb,
npoBOA^T imp./p. npOBecTii, npo-Be^ly, -emb, -vt, past npoBeji, npo-BeJi|a, -6, -n
1. koto? ito? ny^a? to lead.
Oh npoBeji tocth b KOMeaTy.He led the guest into the room.IIpoBecTH napoxoA no KanaJiy.To navigate a ship through acanal.
2. to run over. ITpoBecTU pyKofl nobojiocsim. To run one's hand over
ones hair.
3. to draw. IIpoBecTir jihhhio. Todraw a line.
4. to put. npoBecTH nanaji b ny-CTHHe. To cut a canal throughthe desert. IIpoBecTH paAiio, ra3.
To put radio, gas (in the house).
5. : UpoBecTn aKCKypcuio. To con-
duct an excursion.
6. to spend. IIpoBecTH KaenKyjibib AepeBne. To spend one's holi-
days in the country.
nPOBOflflTb 2 see IIPOBOHATbIIPOBO>KA|Tb, -to, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? / p. npoBOAnTb, npoBOjKy,npoBOAEmb, nposoAHT1. to see (somebody borne). On
npoBOAHJi fteBymKy aomoh. Hesaw the girl home.
2. to see off. IIpoBo>KaTb Apyra HaBOKsaJi. To see one's friend to
the railway station. Bqepa mbi
npoBOJKajin npo$coio3Hyio ^eae-rannio. Yesterday we saw off a
trade-union delegation.
nporpAMMA /.
1. programme. IIporpaMMa na nflTb
JieT. A five-year programme.IIporpaMMa napTim. A partyprogramme.
2. programme. IIporpaMMa KOHnep-Ta. The programme of the con-
cert. TeaTpajibeaH nporpaMMa.A theatre programme.
3. syllabus. IIporpaMMa no MaTe-MaTHKe. A syllabus in mathemat-ics.
IIPOAA|BATb, -io, -emb, -k»t imp.<ito? koto? k o m y?/p. npOAaTb,nnoAaM, npoflamb, npoAacr, npoAa-Ahm, npOASAHTe, npOAaAyT, past
npoAaji, npoAajia, npoAaJi|o, -h to
sell
Ha pLiHKe npOAaiOT $pyKTH n obo-
mn. They sell fruit and vegetables
at the market.
IIPO ,0,ABj Eli; m., gen. -na shop-assis-tant, salesmanPaSoTaTb npoAaBHOM. To work as
a shop-assistant (salesman).
nPO^ATb see nPO^ABATbnP0A0Jl>KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
h t o? & + inf. to continueIIpOA0Ji?KaTb pa3roBop. To continue
the conversation. npOAOJi?KaTb neTb.To continue singing.
nPOflOJI5KA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. -ercn, -iotch
imp. to last
Co6panne npoAOJDKaJiocb ao Bene-
pa. The meeting lasted till the
evening.
nPOAOJJ>KEHHE neut. continuationIIpoAOJi/KeHiie pasrOBopa. The con-
tinuation of a conversation. IIpOAOJi-
npo 115 nro
>Kenne pOMana. The continuation of
a novel.
<> IIpoAOJi/KeHne cjie^yeT. To be
continued.
nPOflYKTM pi. provisions
npoAVKTH mrraniiH. Food-stuffs.
Mojio^hhg upoAyKTBi. Dairy prod-
ucts. IIoKynaTb npojoQ/KTH b Mara-3ime. To buy provisions at a shop.
nPOE35KAlTb, -io, -enib, -iot imp.
n t o? m ii mo h e r 6? / p. npoexaTb,
npoeAly, -enib, -yT
1. to drive past. Ilpoe3>KaTb ropoA-To drive past a town. !Tpoe3-
H<ari> mhmo AOMa. To drive past
a house.
2. to cover (a distance). npoexaTbcto KHJiOMeTpoB. To cover 100kilometres. B ache, mm npoe3-mimi 50 km. We covered 50 kilo-
metres a day.
3. to miss. H ne snaji, rAe nyjKHOBHXOflHTb, n npoexaji ocTanoBKy.I didn't know where to get offand missed my stop. H *iacTO
npoe3?Kaio cboio ocTanoBKy. /
often miss my stop.
IIPOEXATb see IIPOE3>KATbIIPOjJKlITb, -JKHBy, -jKiiBemb, -jKHByT
,
past npo>KHJi, npontiiJia, npoJKiiJi|o,
-n p. to live
Oh npojKHJi 75 JieT. He lived 75
years. H npoHiiiJi b dtom ropOAe10 JieT. / lived 10 years in that
town.
IIP03PAMH
|
hlB , -an, -oe, -tie trans-
parentnPOIirPATB see IIPOflrPblBATbnPOfirPLIBA|TI>, -io, -enib, -iot imp.
qTo? k o m y? ieMy?/p. nponr-pa|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot to lose (a
game, etc.), to be defeated
Hama KOMaHjia nponxpajia. Ourteam lost. IIponrpaTb Boihiy. To be
defeated in the war.
nP0M3BE#EHIlE neut. worknpoH3BeAeHiie iicKyccxBa. A work
of art. npoii3BeAeHEfl IlyniKHHa.The works of Pushkin.
nPOH3RECT0 see nP0II3B0#&TbIIP0H3B0HIITb, npoH3Boa<y t
npoii3-
BOAnmb, npoH3BOAflT imp. n t o?/
p. npoH3BecTii, npoii3Be#|y, -enib,
-yr,past nponsBeji, npoH3BeJi]a,-6, -n
1. to produce. IIpoii3BOAHTi> cran-
ku. To produce machine-tools.
2. fig. to make. nponsBecTu rjiy66-
Koe BnenaTJienne. To make a
profound impression.
nPOHSBOftCTBO neut.
1. OUtpUt. IIpOH3B6ACTBO CTaJlH.
Steel output.
2. production. OpyAHH npon3BOA~CTBa. Implements of production.
nP0H3H0HIEHIlE neut. pronuncia-tionIIpaBnubnoe npoii3Homeniie. Thecorrect pronunciation.
IIP0H30ilTfI see UPOMCXOAflTLnPOHCXOASTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. npoucxoAUT, npo-
hcxoa^t imp. / p. iiponsouTn, 1st &2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo-H30HAleT, -yT, past npoii30meJi,
npoii3oniJi|a, -6, -u to happenGO MHOH IfpOII30mejI IIIITCpeCHHII
CJiynan. An interesting tiling hap-
pened to me. ^Ito 3Aecb nponcxo-AHT? What's happening here? 9Toro
6h ne npoii3omjio, ecjiii 6w bh 6h-jih ocTopo>KHH c orneM. This wouldnot happened had you been careful
with fire.
IIPOHTM see nPOXOflilTbnPOMBIinJIEHHOCTB /. industry
THH^ejian npoMHinJieiinocTb. Theheavy industry. JlerKan npoMbim-jienHOCTb. The light industry. Paa-
BHBaTb npoMLiniJieiiHocTb. To devel-
op industry.
IIPOMIjI IIIJIEHIll BIfl ,-an, -oe, -ne
industrialIIpoMbiniJieHHHn ropoA- An indus-
trial town. np'OMHnuieHHHH rmnTp,
paiion. An industrial centre, region
UPOnAflAITB, -io, -enib, -iot imp./p.
nponacTb, nponaAly, -emb, -yT,
past nponaji, -a, -o, -n
1. to be lost, y Menn nponaji hocobohriJiaTOK. / lost my handkerchief.
2. to disappear. On yrueii Bnepa
Be^iepoM h nponaJi. H e went
away yesterday evening and dis-
appeared.
3. to be wasted. BpeMH nponajio
spn. The time has been wasted.
<> Bee uponajio! All is lost! fl
npoiitiJi. / am a lost man!IIPOflACTB see HPOIIA^ATBnPOriYGKAITB, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
k o r 6? n t o? / p. nponycTiiTb, npo-
nym)'r,nponycTiimb, nponycTHT
npo 116 HPO
1. to let through. Tprfsnoe CTeKJio
hjioxo nponycKaeT cBeT. A dirty
glass lets the light through badly.
2. to let go before. IIponycKaTbfteBymKy Bnepeft. To let a girl
go before one.
3. to omit. IIponycTHTB cjiobo b
flHKiaHTe. To omit a word in
the dictation.
4. to miss. riponycKaTb jieKHHH.
To miss lectures.
nponycTfiTb see nponycKATbIIPOCflTB, npomy, npocmnb, npocHT
imp. koto? i t o? o ik? &+ p- inf. J p. nonpocHTb, nonpo-ray, iionpocnniB, nonpocHT to askIIpocHTB TOBapnma o homoinn.
To ask one's friend for help. Uo-npocHTb hobhh >KypHiJi y Apyra.To ask a friend for a new maga-zine. Oh npociiJi nac npoqn-raTbpaccK8t3 eme pa3. He asked us to
read the story once more. Mh no-il pocnjin, ^jtoSh oh nomea c naMH.We asked him to go with us.
nPOCH^TbCH see IIPOCblllATbCHnPOCnfiKT m. avenueHPOCTfTTb see nPOnjATbnPOCTflTbCH see nPOIE(ATbCHIIPOCT|OS, -an, -6e, -tie, short form
npocT, npocTa, npocrjo, -h; adv.
npocTo; comp. nponje1. simple. ITpocToH npn66p. A
simple device. FIpocTan 3aAaqa.
A simple problem. 9to 6 tienb
npocTO c^eJiaTb. It is very sim-
ple to do.
2. ordinary. ITpocToH qejioBeK. Anordinary man.
3. npocTo particle simply, merely. KCKa3aJi 3T0 npocTO Tan. / said this
for no special reason. 3to npo-cto nexopomo. It is simply not
nice.
UPOCTPAHCTBO neut. space
IIpocTpaHCTBo h BpeMH. Space andtime. Be3B03AyniHoe npocTpancTBO.A vacuum.
IIPOCTyAflTLCH see nPOCTYJKH-BATbCH
nPOCTy5KHBA|TbCH, -iocb, -embcn,-iotch imp. j p. npocTy^iiTBcs,
npocTyjK^'cb, npocTy^nmbCH, npo-CTy^HTCH to catch cold
OceHbio JierKo mojkho npocTyAHTb-CH. In autumn people catch colds
easily. Oh citjibho npocTVAUJiCH.
He caught a bad cold.
nPOCTMHtf /., pi. npocTHHH, npo-cTHHb, npocTHHHM, etc. bedsheet
IIPOCbinA[TbCH, -iocb, -enibcn, -iot-
ch imp. / p. npocnlyTbca, -ycb,
-embCH, -yTCH to awakeIIpocHyTbCH paao yTpoM. To awakeearly in the morning.
riPOCbBA /. requestOSpaTftTbCH c npocb6on. To makea request. BkinojiHHTb npocbSy. Tocomply with one's request. Y Mennk BaM 6oJibman npocbSa. I have a
Sreat favour to ask of you.
TUB prep. ~\- gen.
1. opposite. GTO«Tb npoTHB okHa.To stand opposite the window.
2. against. BopoTbcn npoTHB Bpa-ra. To fight against the .enemy.
3. against, in the opposite direc-
tion. M/tth npoTHB BeTpa. Togo against the wind.
OPOXJlA^HIblfi, -an, -oe, -He, short
form npoxjia^en, npoxJiaAH|a, -o,
-h; adv. npoxjia^HO cool
ITpoxjia/iHHii Be^iep. A cool evening.
\predic. impers. CeroAHH nayjrane npoxjiaAHO. It is cool outside
today.
IIPOXOflfiTb, npoxo>Ky, npoxoAHmb,npoxoAHT imp. / p. npouTn, npon-
A|y, -einb, ~yT, past npomeji, npo-mj]|a, -6, -ii
1. to move. ITpoHTH BnepeA- Tomove to the front. ITpoHTir noyjinne. To go along the street.
2. to go through. IIpoHTii *iepe3
Jiec. To go through the forest.
Jlymi coJinna ne woryr nponTHCKB03B rycryfo JincTBy. The sun's
rays cannot penetrate the thick
foliage. Pa3peiHHTe npoiiTn. Willyou let me pass, please?
3. to go past. npoxoAHTb mhmo3ASLHUH, To go past a building.
4. to cover. IlponTn aa Aenb 6oJiee
20 KHJiOMeTpoB. To cover over 20kilometres a day.
5. to be over. 3iiMa npomJia. Thewinter is over. IipoaiJio Tpn ^a~ca. Three hours went by.
6. to cease. roJioBHan 6o/ib npomJia.The headache has ceased, ^ojkabnpomeji 6tiCTpo. It soon stoppedraining.
npo 117 nyc
7. to study. IIpoxoflHTb Kypc <£h-
3HKH. To study a course of phys-ics. npOXOflWTb Kypc Jie^eHHH.
To undergo treatment.
IIPOTHTATb see 4IITATbIlPOHHlblK, -an, -oe, -He, short form
npoueH, npo^raa, npo^Hlo, -h; adv.
npoHHo1. durable. IIpo^HHii MaTepnaJi. A
durable material.
2. fig. strong, lasting. IIpohhhhMiip. A lasting peace. HamaApy?K6a npoqna. Our friendshipis strong,
nP0mJI|bIft, -an, -oe, -bie last
B npouiJiOM rojiy. Last year. HanpoaiJiofi neja;eJie. Last week.
,-io, -emb, -iot imp. k o-
ro? hto? / p. npoJCTflTb, -my,-CTUfflb, -CTflT
1. to forgive. IIpocTHTb ^eJioBeKa.
To forgive a person. IIpomaTboihiiSkit. To forgive one's mis-takes. npoCTtiTe aieHHl Excuse me!
2. sorry. TTpoCTirre, bh ne anaeTe,rjie IlBanoB? Sorry, do you knowwhere Ivanov is? npocTi'rre, bhne CKa>KeTe, ksk npoexaTb bCoKOJibHHKH? Excuse me, canyou tell me how to get to So-kolniki?
nPOIEJA.|TbCH, -iocb, -enibca, -iotchimp. c k e m? e ieM? / p. npo|-
CTFJTbCH, -myCb, -CTUmbCH, -CTHTCH,or nonpoiua|TbCfi, -iocb, -embCH,-K>TCH
1. to take leave. IIonpom;aTbCH c poji,~
HHMir nepeji OTBeaaoM. To saygood-bye to one's relatives before
one's departure.
2. fig.: IlpOCTITTbCH C MeHTOH. Togive up one's dream.
<> IIpomaii(Te)! Good-bye!HPOHRflTb see IIPOHBJDlTBnPOHBjlHjTb, -io, -enib, -iot imp.
H T 0? / p. npOHBHTb, npOHBJIIO, HpO-HBHtnb, npOHBHT1. to display. npoflBHTb HHTepec
k TeMe. To display an interest
in a subject. IIpoflBHTb bhhmel-nne k ycnexaM #pyra. To showinterest in one's friend's success.
IIpoHBHTb aa6oTy. To show so-
licitude. npOHBHTb CM.eJIOCTb,
repO03M. To display courage,
heroism.
2. to develop. IIpOHBHTb njienKy.To develop a film.
nPBTXAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.}
p. npbirH|yTb, -y, -einb, -yT to jumpnpHrnyTb ^epe3 c/ryji. To jumpover a chair. IIpbiraTb c 6epera bboAy. To jump from the shore into
the water. IIpbiraTb b flJinny. Todo a long jump. IIpbiraTb b bhco-Ty. To do a high jump. IIpbiraTb.
c naparntOTOM. To parachute.HPfelrHyTL see IIPbirATbnPHM|<3R, -an, -oe, -bie, short form
npHM, npaMa, npaM|o, -h; adv.
npHMO1. straight. ITpaMaa jihhhh. A
straight line. IIpHMaa ftopora.
A straight road. HAtrre Bee" BpeMJi
npHMO. Go straight on all the time.
2. only complete form through.IIpaMoe cooSmeHiie M&Kfly ropo-AaMH. A through service betweentowns.
3. fig. frank. IIpHMOH otb6t. A,frankanswer. IIpflMOH xapaKTep. Asincere character. GKa3a.Tb npaB-
fly npHMO b jihho. To speak the-
truth to one's face.
IIPiI|TATb, -iy, -nenib, -nyT imp..
KOTO? H T 0? T K o r 6? T h e-
ro?/p. cnpa|TaTb, -ny, -^emb, -qyrto hideIIpaTaTb chhhkii ot pe6eHKa. To-
hide the matches from the child.
IIP>J[TATbCH, -qycb, -neuibCH, -lyTCHimp. ot koto? ot qer 6?/
p. cnpB[TaTbCH, -^ycb, -qembca,-hvtch to hideripfiTaTbea ot BparoB b Jiecy. Tohide from the enemies in the woods.
nTfriJA /. birdIlTnriH JieTeJiH k iory. The birds
were flying to the south.
<> floMaraHHH nTHna. (no pi.)
Poultry.
ITSTOBHIJA /. button3acTernyTb naJibTO na Bee nyro-bhhh. To button up one's coat.
IiyCKAjTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.f
p. nycTikb, nymy, nycTHinb, nyc-THT1. to let go. H HHKyna Te6n ne
nynj;y! — CKa3aJia MaTb, "/ won't
let you go anywhere!" said the
mother. MaTb He nycKaJia ero
ryjiHTb. The mother would not
nyc 118 PAB
. let him go for a walk. Mx nyc-thjih b flOM. They were let into
the house.
2. to put into operation. IlycTHTbaJie-KTpocTaHijnio. To put anelectric power station into ope-ration. IlycTiJTL noe3A- To start
a train service.
<> IlyCTHTb Kopim. To take root.
IlycTHTb b xoa. To set in motion.
IlycKaTb nbijit* b rjia3a. To show
off-
nycxriTb see nycKATtnyCT|OH, -in, -6e, -Lie, short form
nycT, nycra, nycT|o, -li; adv. nycTO1. empty. riycTOH CTaKan. An
empty glass. 3aJi 6hji nycT. Thehall was empty. Ha yjinne 6lijio
nycTO. The street was deserted.
2. fig. shallow. IlycTOH nejioBeK.
A shallow person. IlycTOH cnop.A pointless argument.
nyCTb'IIia /. desert
nyCTb particle let
IlycTB oh npH^eT 3aBTpa. Let himcome tomorrow. ITycTb Bcer^a 6y-j\qt cojmnel May there always besunshinel
nyTEIIIECTBME neut. journey, voy-age, trip
KpyrocBeTHoe nyTemecTBHe. Around-the-world journey. IlyTernecT-
Biie no Mopio. A voyage. HyTemeCT-Bne b Espony. A journey to Europe.CoBepuiHTb nyTemecTBne noCTpaHe. To travel in a country.
nyTE HIECTB|OBATB
,-yio, -yemB,
-yior imp. to travel
nyTemecTBOBaTL no CTpane. Totravel in a country. nyTemeCTBO-BaTB no Mopio. To travel by sea.
H jiio6jiio nyTemecTBOBaTB. / like
travelling.
IiyTb m., gen., dat.t
prepos. nyra,instr. nyTeM; pi. nyTH f nyTen,nyTHM etc.
1. way. 3tot nyTb caMtin kop6t-khh. This way is the shortest.
2. journey. BaM npeftCTOiiT Tpy^nHHh onacHtin nyTb. There is adifficult and dangerous journeyahead of you.
3. fig. way. KaKiiM nyTeM bh ao6it-jiiicl Tannx pe3yjibTaT0B? How(in what way) did you achievesuch results?
<> Bm ctohtc na eepnoM nyTii.
You are on the right track. Hathno BepiiOMy nyxii. To go alongthe right road. OiaCTJinnoro ny-th! A happy journeyI On 3amejrko Miie no nyTii. He droppedin at my place on the way. HonyTH AOMoii n KynuJi ra3eTy.On my way home I bought a
newspaper. Ha o6paTHOM nyTH.On one's way back.
UBIJIB /., prepos. b numi dustCTHpaxb hhjib. To dust.
nbfiCA /. play* 3Ta nbeca iiact b TeaTpe ManKOB-CKOro. This play is on at the Maya-kovsky Theatre. 9Ty nbecy no-ct&bhji OxJionKOB. This play wasstaged by Okhlopkov. IlbecLi M6ce-na. Plays by Ibsen.
nbfllllblH, -an, -oe, -ne1. drunk.2. used as n. a drunken man.
HHTEPO num. five
IlfiTepo Apy3en. Five friends.
IIHTHO neut., pi. nnTna, nnreu stain
^epuHJibnoe nnTno. An ink-stain.
P, PpabOta /.
1. no pi. work. Tn>Kejian pa6oTa.Hard work. Pa6oTa BJieKTpo-
CTaHE(HH. The work of the elec-
tric power station.
2. no pi. work, job. XIocTynnrb napa6oTy. To go to work. IToTe-
pHTb pa6oTy. To lose one's job.
HaHTH pa66Ty. To find a job.
H^Tif na pa6oTy. To go to work.
3. work. BbicTaBKa pa66T xvaojk-HHKa. Exhibition of an artist's
works.
PABOTAITB, -io, -erab, -iot imp.1. to work. On paSoTaeT xopoino.He works well. PaSoTaxb inu-Ke-
nepoM. To work as an engineer.
PaSoTaTb b HHCTHTyTe. To workat an institute. PaSoTaTb c nn-Teper,OM. To work with interest.
2. to work. Pa6oTaTb najx CTaTben,
na^ KHnron. To work at anarticle, at a book.
3. to work. Mamnna paSoTaeTotjihhho. The machine works per-
fectly well.
PAB 119 PA 3
<> Kto ne pafxvraeT, tot He 6ct.
He who does not work, neither shall
he eat.
PABOHIHS m.fgen. -ero worker
PABOHlHfl, -an, -ee, -He1. working. Pa66^HH KJiacc. The
working-class. Pa66qee jjj&wkq-
hhc The working-class move-ment.
2. working. Pa66nee BpeMH. Work-ing hours. Pa66^HH koctiom.
Working clothes.
PaSoHiiii achb. Working day.
Paoo^aa CHJia. Manpower.PABHOA^raHlMH, -an, -oe, -He,
short form paBHOjjymeH, paBHO-
Aynmla, -o t -h; adv. paBHOflyranoindifferent
Oh pasHOaymeH k npnpoAe. He is
indifferent to nature.
PAbH|BIK, -an, ~oe, -He, short formpaBen, paBH|a, -6, -h1. equal. PaBHbie chjibi. Equal
forces.
2. equal. Mbi see Bjiech paBHH. Weare all equal here.
3. equal. flBa hjiioc Asa pasno ne-
TupeM. Two plus two is four.
<> Mne Bee paeHO. It's all the
same to me.
PAfl, -a, -o, -h short adj. kom y??eM y? & + inf (to be) glad
H bqm oqeHb paA- / am very glad
to see you. Mh pa/ru BamHM ycne-
xaM. We rejoice at your success.
Pa# Bac B^AeTB. Vm glad to see
you. H paAa, hto bbi npHBUin. Vmglad you have come.
PA3H0 neut., indecl., no pi.
1. radio. M3o6peTeHne pa#H0. Theinvention of the radio. ITepe^a-
BaTB no paAHO. To broadcast.
2. radio. FfpOBecTH paAHO. Toput radio (in a house). Bkjxiohhtb
paAHO. To turn on the radio.
Bhkjuo^htb paAHO. To turn off
the radio. CriymaTb paAHO. Tolisten to the radio.
P&mOBATB, -yio(-yemb, -yioT imp.
koto? HTO?/p. o6paA|oBaTb t -yio,
-yenib, -yroT to make gladHac paAyioT BamH ycnexn. Werejoice at your success. Meen o6pa-AOBaJio TBoe hhcbmo. / was gladto receive your letter.
PAftlOBATBCfl, -yiocb, -yembcn,-yiOTCH imp. k o m y? q e m y?/
p. oSpaAjoBaTbCH, -yiocs, -yenibca,
-yioTca to rejoice
PaAOBaTbCH BecHe. To rejoice at
spring. Mbi paAyeMCH BamHM ycne-
xaM. We rejoice at your success.
PAAOCTb /. joy, happinessy Menn 6oJibniaa paAocrb. / have
great joy. Oh CKa3a.Ji MHe 06 btomc paAOCTbio. He told me about it
with joy.
PA3 m.1. time. JKnanb a^Stcr tojibko
oahh pa3. Life is given to manonly once. HecKOJibKO pa3. Sev-
eral times.
2. time. B nepBHH pas. For the
first time. Ha 6tot paa. Thistime Oa^h pa3 HAy fl no yjra-
ne... One day I was going along
the street ...
<> KaK pa3. Just. He pa3. Morethan once. Hh pa3y. Not once,
never. CeMb pa3 OTMepb, orhhpa3 OTpejitb. Cf. Measure thy cloth
ten times; thou canst cut it but
once.
PA3EMBA|TBCH -k>cb, -enibcn, -iotch
imp. J p. pa36HTbca, pa3o6b[K>Cb,
-embCH, -K)TCH
1. to break. OraKaH pa36iiJiCH. Theglass has broken. CTeKJio pa36n~Jiocb. The glass has broken.
2. to crash. CaMOJier pa36njicH. Theplane has crashed.
PA3E&FB see BIITBPA3EflTBCH see PA3EHBATBCHPASByfl'flTB see BVJlffcThPA3BE emphatic particle really
Pa3Be JieKHHH KOHHHJiacb? Hasthe lecture ended? PasBe th He
snaemb? Don't you know?
PA3BE,D[|KA /., gen. pi. -ok
1. prospecting. PasBeAKa noJie3HLix
HCKonaeMbix. Prospecting for
mineral deposits.
2. : Bo3AyniHafl pasBeAKa. Air recon-
naissance.
3.:BoeHHan pa3BeAKa. Intelligence.
4. intelligence service. Pa66Ta pas-
BeAKH. The work of the intelli-
gence service.
PA3BHBA|TB, -k), -erab, -pT imp.
hto?//?. pa3BHTb, paeoBbjio, -emb,
-i6t to develop
PA3 120 PAH
Pa.3BHBa.Tb naMflTb. To developone's memory. Pa3BHBaTb npoMtmi-JieHHOCTb. To develop industry.
Pa3BHBaTb MbicJib. To develop one's
idea. Pa3BHBaTb CKOpocTb. To de-
velop speed,
PA3BHBA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers, not
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp.to developPe6eaOK 6bicTpo pa3BHEaeTCH. Thechild develops quickly. npOMLimJieH-HOCTb pa3BHBaeTCH ycneinno. Theindustry is developing successfully.
PA3BflTHE neut., no pi. developmentPa3BMTJie npOMiinj JieHHOGTH, nay-kh. The development of industry,
of science.
PA3BftT£> see PA3BHBATBPA3BflTBCH see PA3BI1BATBCHPA3FOBAPHBA|TJb, -10, -enib, -iot
imp. o 'kom? 6 n e m? c k e m?to speakPa3roBapHBaTb c xpyroM no-pyc-ckh. To speak to a friend in Rus-sian. Pa3roBapnBaTb o saHaraax,o 3HaKOMHX. To speak about one's
lessons, about one's acquaintances.
PA3rOBOP m. conversationMHTepecHHH pa3roBop. An interest-
ing conversation. PaaroBop no Te-
Jie(J>OHy. A telephone conversation,
PA33A|BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -ctch, -iotch imp./
p. pa3flaTbCJT, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. pa3#acTCH, ' pa3^a-AyTca, past pa3A|aJica, -ajiacb, -ocb,
-hcl to be heardPasAaJiCH 3Boh6k. A bell was heard.
BflaJin pa3AaioTCH roJioca. Voicesare heard in the distance. Pa3AaJiCHyjja p rpoMa. A thunderclap was heard.
PA3flATbCH see PA3flABATbCHPA33EBAITIJCH, -k>ci>, -enibcn, -iotch
imp./p. pa3^elTbcH, -nycb, -neinbCH,
-syTCH to undressPa3,aeBaTbCH nepejj chom. To un-dress before going to bed. Pa3,n;eBaH-
Tecb, no?KaJiyHCTa! Take off yourcoat, please]
PA3flEJlflTb see
PA3,HETbCH see PA33EBATBCHPA3MEP m. size
Pa3Mep 66yBn. The size of foot-
wear. JIoKaJKHTe, nomaJiyncTa,Koctiom 50-ro pa3Mepa. Show me asize 50 suit, please.
PA3H|Blfi, -an, -oe, -Lie (sing, usedrarely)
1. different, y nnx pa3Htie xapaK-Tepti. Their characters are quite
different.
2. different. Hteb b pa3Hbix ropo-
r&x. To live in different cities.
3. various. CTyAeHTbi pa3Htix na-
nnOHaJibHOCTeH. Students of va-
rious nationalities. Jlejiemthi H3pa3Hbix CTpan. Delegates fromvarious countries.
PA30KTKCB see PACXOBfiTLCHPA30PBATB see PBATBPA3PE3ATB see PE3ATBPA3PEmA|TI>, -lo, -euib, -iot imp.
no? k o m y? &-\-inf./p. pa3pe~rajHTb, -y, -nnib, -aT to allowPa3pemnTb 6oJibnoMy BCTaBaTb. Toallow the patient to get up. Paspe-niHTe npoUTn! May I get past,
please? Pa3pemnTe bohti'i! May Icome in?
PA3PEmftTb see PA3PEIHATbPASPymAlTb, -io, -einb, -iot imp.
HTO?/p. pa3pym|HTb, -y, -nnib,
-aT to destroyPa3pyniHTb .#om. To destroy a
house. Pa3pyniiiTb ropo^. To destroy
, a city.
PA3PymHTI> see PA3PyffiATJbPA3T>E3>KA|TI>CH, 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch
imp. Kyp? o t k y A a? /P- pa3T>e-
xaTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. pa3T>efl|eTCH, -yTCH to goaway in different directions
tor CTyneHTbi pa3T>e3Ha-iotch na KaHHKyJiH. Each year the
students disperse for the holidays.
PA3T>EXATBCH see PA31>E35KATB-Cfl
PASOH m.1, region, area. 3to o6mnpHbra
npoMHUiJieHHBiH panon. It is a
vast industrial area.
2. district (an administrative di-
vision). H JKHBy B JleHHHCKOMpanone, Mockbbi. / live in the
Lenin district in Moscow,PAKETA /. rocket
3anycTHTb paKeTy b kocmoc Tolaunch a rocket into outer space.
PAH|HTI>, -io, -nnxb, -ht koto? bohto? ieM? imp, & p. to wound
PAH 121 PEB
PaHiiTL nyjien. To wound with a
bullet.|impers. Boiina paEiHJio b py-
Ky. The soldier was wounded in the
_ arm.PAHHlHfi, -hh, -ee, -He early
PaHHee yTpo. An early morning.PaHHHG $pyKTH. Early fruit,
PAHO adv., comp. paHBrae1. early. Pano yTpoM. Early in the
morning. BcraTb pa ho. To get upearly. PaHO Jienb cnam To goto bed early. 3HMa nacTynnjiapano. Winter came early. Hnpniueji paeo, a oh erne panfc-
nie. / came early, but he hadcome still earlier. H pano na-yqHJiCH HHTaTb. / learned to
read early.
2. predic. impers. (it is) early. 06e-#aTb erne pano. It is too earlyto dine yet. Cen^ac pano. It is
early now.
<> HeM paabine, tgm jiygnie. Theearlier, the better.
PAHbfflE adv. beforePanbiue oh 6hji ApyrnM. He wasdifferent before.
PACCEPflflTJbCH see CEPflfiTbCHPACCKA3 m.
1. story. PaccKaa MaJib^iHKa MeHfiB3BOJiHOBair. The boy's story
moved me.2. story. MHTepecHbra paccKa3, An
interesting story. C66pHHK pac-
CKa30B. A collection of stories.
PACCKA3ATB see PACCKA3BIBATBPACCKA3I>IBA|Tb , -k>, -emb, -k>t
ito? o kom? o ^eM? imp.
I
p. paccKa3aTb, paccKawy, paccKa-jKenib, paccKajKyT to tell
PaccKasaTb HCTOpmo. To tell a story.
PaccKa3aTb o Apyre, o jkh3HH. Totell about one's friend, life. PaecKa-3HBaTb CK&3KH jx&thm. To tell fairy-
tales to children.
PACCTOHHHE neut. distance^
PaccTOHHHe Me>KAy jspyuK tohksmh.The distance between two points.
PaccTOHHHe ot Mockbh ao JleHHH-rpafla. The distance between Moscowand Leningrad. IIpoexaTb 6ojibnioe
paccTOHHHe. To cover a long dis-
tance.
PACTAHTb see TAHTbPACTEHHE neut. plant
PACTjft, -y, -emb, -yT, past poc, -Jia,
-jio, -jih imp. /p. BHpacT|n, -y,
-emb, -yT, past BLipoc, -Jia, -jio,
-jih
1. to grow. ^epeBba pacryT m6#-JieHHO. Trees grow slowly.
2. to grow up. MaJibHHK poc bAepeBne. The boy grew up in
the countryside.
3. to grow, to increase, to rise.
Hani ropoA pac/rer. Our town is
growing. YpoBeHb ?kh3hh pacTer.
The living standard is rising.
4. to grow. Banana: pacTyT na K>re.
Bananas grow in the south.
PACXOftfiTbCH, pacxoJKycb, pacx6-AiimbCH, pacxo#HTCH imp./ p. pa30H-THCb, pa30HAlycb, -erabcn, -yTcn1. 1st and, 2nd pers, sing not used to
disperse. Pa30HTHCb c coGpaana.To disperse after the meeting.
JffapoM MejjjienHO pacxoAHJJCH.
The people were slowly dispersing.
2. to differ. Pa30HTHCb bo B3rJin-
Aax. To differ in opinion, to dis-
agree, y nero cJiOBa ne pacx6-
jjHTCa c AeJiOM. His words anddeeds are never at variance.
3. to,divorce. Pa30UTHCb c MyjKeM
(c jkenon). To divorce one's hus-
band (one's wife).
PB|ATb, r y, -enib, -yT, past psaJi,
pBaJia, pBaJi|o, -h imp. mo?1. p. copB|aTb, -y, -emb, -y'T to
pick. PBaTb HBeTii. To pick flow-
ers.
2. p. pa3opB|aTb, -y, -emb, -yT to
tear (up). PBaTb 6yMary, ra36Ty.
To tear paper, a newspaper.\\
fig. to break off. Pa30pBaTbOTHomeHHH. To break off rela-
tions.
PEBEHIOK m., gen. -Ka; pi pe6ara &Aera; gen. pe6flT & AeTeH child
3aop6bhh peSenoK. A healthy
child.
PEBOJIIOI^HOHHlblfi, -an, -oe, -He1. revolutionary. PeBOJiionnoHHoe
paSo^ee flBHJKeHiie. The revolu-
tionary working-class movement.
PeBOJiiOHHOHHaa Teopna. A re-
volutionary theory.
2. revolutionary. PeBOJiioriiiOHHoe
pa3BHTHe. The revolutionary de-
velopment.PEBOJlK)I];HH /. revolution
122
PEflKIHH, -an, -oe, -He; adv. pe^Ko;comp. pe?Ke
1. (ant. rycTOH) thin. PeAKne bo-jioch. Thin hair. PejiKHH Jiec.
A thin wood.
2. (ant. wto) rare, seldom. Pe#KO6oJi<3Tb. To be seldom ill.
3. rare. Pe£Kne MeT^JiJiH. Raremetals. PeAKan KHiira. A rarebook. Pej^KRH cJiy^aH. A rare case.
PE3ATB, pe?K|y, -emb, -yT imp. ^to?h e m?1. only imp. to cut. Hon? hjioxo
pemeT. The knife cuts badly.
2. p. 0Tpe3aTb, OTpejfc|y, -emb, -yTto cut. Pe3aTb xJie6 hojkom. To cutbread with a knife. 0Tpe3aTbkvcok xjie6a. To cut off a slice
of bread.
3. p. pa3peaaTb, pa3pejK|y, -enib, -yTto cut, to carve. Pa3pe3aTb Kypn-uy. To carve the chicken.
Pfi3K|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne, short formpe30K, pe3Ka, pe3K|o, -n
1. shrill. Pe3KHH sbvk. A shrill
sound. Pe3KHH rojioc. A shrill voice.
2. harsh. P<33khh qeJiOBBK. A harshperson. On 6liji pe30K co BceMH.He was harsh to everybody.
3. adv. abruptly, suddenly, rioesfl
pe3KO ocTaHOBujiCH. The train
stopped suddenly.
PE3YJ1LTAT m. result
PeayjibTaTbi onHTOB. The results ofexperiments. IloJiywrb xoponraepeayjibTaTti. To get good results.
^ocraqb xopomnx pe3yjibTaT0B. Toachieve good results.
<> B pesyjibTaTe. As a result.
acc. peny, pi. penn, peK,peKaM, etc. river
fflnpOKaa peKa. A wide river.
IlJibiTb no pene\ To sail along the
river. Ha Sepery pens. On the river
bank.
m., no pi. repair
PeiwSeT 66vbh. Shoe repairs. Ot-flaTb b peMOUT. To have (something)repaired. C^^JiaTb peMOHT KBapTH-pH. To redecorate one's flat.
PECHtflJA /. eyelash^jiHHHue pecHnuH. Long eyelashes.
PECn^BJlHKA /. republic
PECTOPAH m. restaurant
06eflaTb b peCTOp&ne. To have din-
ner at a restaurant.
PEIJEIIT m. prescriptionHaniicaTb penenT. To write out a
prescription. IloJiyHHTb jienapcTBOno penenTy. To have a prescription
made up.
PE^Ib /., gen. pi. -en
1. speech. Hteaa penb. Livingspeech.
2. speech. BbiCTynnTb c peqbio. Tomake a speech.
<£>Peib uji&t o tom, (*rr66bi)... Thepoint is... 05 6tom He moHieT 5biTb
n peqn. is out of the question.
PEDlA(TB, -k>, -erab, -iot imp. q t o?
inf.jp. pem|HTb, -y, -iimb, -&t
1. to decide. Mh pemnjin hohth bkhho We decided to go to the
cinema. Oh pemnji exaTb. Hedecided to go.
2. to solve. PemaTb aa^a^y. Tosolve a problem. PemaTb BajKHbie
BonpocH. To solve importantquestions.
PEUl£HHE neut.
1. decision. npaBittiBHoe penienne.The right decision. LipuHHTb pe-menne. To take a decision.
2. solution. Pemenne BaJKHon npo-SjieMbi. The solution of an impor-tant problem.
PEHI0TB see PEDIATBPHC m., no pi. rice
ypoHtau piica. Rice crops. Maco c
pncoM. Meat and rice.
PHQ0B.4TB, -yio, -yeinb, -yioT imp.k o r 6? hto? HeM? / p. napnc[o-BaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT to drawPncoBaTb KapaHAamoM Ha 6yMare.To draw with a pencil on paper.
PncoBaTb #om. To draw a house.
PGBH|BIfi, -an, -oe, -He; adv. pobho1. smooth. PoBHaH flopora. A level
road. rinc^Tb p6sH0. To write asmooth hand.
2. fig. smooth, equable. P6bhhhtojioc. A smooth voice. P6bhhhxapaKTep. An equable temper.
3. adv., used as particle sharp, fi
npHfly poBHO b Tpn. Fit come at
three sharp.
POfl m., pi. poffH, pOAOB1. prepos. b poxy family, kin2. prepos. b po^y birth, stock, ori-
gin; generation3. sort, kind. BcaKoro pdjia. All
kinds of.
POfl 123
<> B cuoeM po^e. In its (his, her,
etc ) way. Hto-to b otom poAe.Something of the sort.
POjJIIHA no pi. mother country3ainirxa pOAHHH. The defence of
one's mother country. >Khtb na po-
AHHe. To live in one's country.
IlncbMO c poflHHH. A letter fromone's mother country.
POflflTEJIjH no sing., gen. -eii par-
entsIloMoraTb poAHTejiHM. To help one's
parents. /KtfTb c poAUTejmMii. ToHue with one's parents.
POfl|fITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch imp.
& p., past -irjicH, -nji|acL, -ocb, -neb
& -HJi|acfa, -ocb, -neb (o>?Zy p.)
1. to be born. H po^HJicn b 1930
vojxf. I was born in 1930.
2. /ig\ to occur, y Menu pojrnjiacb
iiflea. An idea occurred to me.
POflHlOti, -an, -6e, -Lie
1. related by blood or affinity. Poa-hoh 6paT. A brother. PoftHaaTeTKa. An aunt.
2. native. Poahoh Kpan. Native
land. Po^non H3HK. Mothertongue.
3. used as n., pi. PoftHBie. Rela-
tives.
POflCTBEHHHK m. relation
flaJibHim pOACTBeHHHK. A distant
relation. Bjihskhh poACTBeHHiiK. Anear relation.
P05KAEHHE neut. birth
flenb pojKAennH. One's birthday.
IIo3u:paBJiHK) Bac c ahSm pOJKJieHHH.
Many happy returns of the day.
P03A /. rose
Kpacnaa p03a. A red rose. ByneTpo3. A bunch of roses.
PG30B|MH, -an, -oe, -Lie pinkPo30Boe njiaxbe. A pink dress.
POJ1B /., pi. poJin, pojien part
BbiyaiiTb poJib. To learn one's part.
Hrpaxb pojib TaMJieTa. To play the
part of Hamlet.
<> HrpaTb Ban<nyio pojib (b
ieM-j]H6"o). To play an important
part (in something). 3to ho nrpa-
eT pojiav This is of no conse-
quence.
POMAH m. novelHcTopbaeCKHH poMan. An historical
novel. Ony6JiHKOBaTb poMan. To
publish a novel. Abtop powtana. Theauthor of a novel.
POCT m.1. growth. Poct pacTeuim. The
growth of plants2. growth. Poct roponoB. The
growth of cities. Poct npoMbim-JienHOCTn. The growth of in-
dustry.
3. stature. ^leJioBeK BticoKoro poc-Ta, cpe^Hero pocxa, miSKoropocxa. A person of large stature,
of medium stature, of small stat-
ure.
POT m., gen. pTa, prepos. bo prymouthBo pTy on AepscaJi nannpocy Hehad a cigarette in his mouth.
POilJIB m. (grand) pianoHrpaTb na poujie. To play the piano.
PYBAIUIKA /., gen. pi. ~ck shirt;
chemiseBeJian pyoaniKa. A white shirt.
HounaH py6auiKa. A nightgown,a night shirt.
PyBJI|ib m.tgen. -fi rouble
$Ba pySjia. Two roubles. Iinxb- pySJien. Five roubles. B pyoJie cto
KoneeK. A rouble contains one hund-red copecks.
<> He HMefi cto pyoVieii, a iiMeii
cto Apy3eii (proverb). It's better to
have a hundred friends than a hund-red roubles.
pyrA|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp. koto?3 a h t 6? / p. o6pyra|Tb
t-10, -ems,
-iot to scold
MaJib^iHKa pyraJin sa nJioxoe no-Be^eHne. The boy was scolded for
bad behaviour.
pyKA /., acc. pyKy; pi. pyini pyn,pyKaM, etc. hand, armJleBaa pyKa. The left hand (arm).
PEpaBafl pyna. The right hand (arm).
,D[ep>KaTb b pyne. To hold in one's
hand. On no?KaJi eu pyKy n ymeji.
He shook hands with her and left.
<> HmeTb 30JioTbie pyKn. To be
master of one's work. MacTep na BCepyKn. J'ack-of- all- trades. ^epwaTbce6a b pyisax. To control oneself.
BpaTb ce6n b pyKn. To pull oneself
together. Hath noa pyKy. To walkarm-in-arm. BpaTb noA pyKy. ITo
take somebody's arm. Pynoii noAarb.It's a stone's throw (from here)
PYK 124
MaxHyTb pyKoii na Koro-JiH5o,<it6-jih6o. To give up somebody,something. 3to b Hamnx pyicax.
It is in our hands. BpaTb b cbohpyKH. To take into one's hands.
EbiTb 6e3 Koro-jinSo, iero-jiH6"o
KaK 6e3 pyK. To he quite helpless
without somebody, something.
PYKAb m., gen. -a sleeve
KopoTKne pyKaBa. Short sleeves.
PyKOBO^flTEJlb m. leader
PYKOBOIflflTB, -wy, -At'niib, -aatimp. KeM? h e m? to direct, to
run, to leadPvKOBO^iJTb pa66TOH. To direct the
work. PyKOBOfli'iTL moRhuiJ. To lead
people. PyKOBOflHTb saBO^OM. Torun a plant.
PSXCKIHtf, -an, -oe, -lie
1. Russian. Pycciain HapoA- TheRussian people. PyccKan npnpo-#a. The Russian countryside.
PyccKHH H3HK. The Russianlanguage.
2. used as n. Russian. Mh pyccKHe.We are Russians.
P^HIKA /., gen. pi -en
1. handle. Pyqica ABepii. A door-
handle.
2. pen. rincaxb pvhkoh. To write
with a pen.
PblBA /.
1. fish. B aKBapnvMe njiaBaJin pa3-Htie ph6h. Various fishes were
swimming in the aquarium.2. collective fish. JIobhtl pti6y. To
catch fish.
3. collective fish. JKapenaa pn6a.Fried fish.
<> Hh pbiSa hii Mflco. Neither
fish nor flesh.
P£lH|OK m., gen. -Ka
1. market. Ko^xo3hhh phhok. Acollective-farm market. IIpoAaBaTb$pyKTbi na pHHKe. To sell fruit
in a market.
2. market, MnpoBon phhok. Theworld market.
PHJH m. fprepos. o (b) ps^e & b pHAy;
pi. pfl^H
1. row. Pha aomob. A row of houses.
Pha JiKDRen. A line of people.
IlepBun pnjt napTepa. Thefirst row of the stalls. Cn^eTb bnepBOM pHjty. To sit in the first
row.
2. a numher (of). Oh npiiBeji n,e-
JitiH pHA npHMepOB. He gavequite a number of examples. BpR#<3 CJiy^iaeB aro Tan. In a num-ber of cases it is so.
BbiTb b nepBbix paAax. To be
in the forefront.
PHflOM adv.
1. nearby. Mara3ira~ HaxoAHTca pn-AOM. The shop i? nearby.
2. by. Ctohtb pHflOM c 6paTOM. Tostand by one's brother.
C, c
C prep.
I. -|- Sen -
1. off, from. B32TB Kmiry c nojiKH.To take a book off the shelf.
2. from. BepnyTbCH c pa6oTH. Tocome back from work.
3. from. G yTpa ao Be^epa. Frommorning till evening. G panmixJieT. From one's early years.
4. from. IlepeBecTH c pyccKoroH3bma na <J>paHny3CKHH. Totranslate from Russian into
French.
II. + instr.
1. with. HejioBeK c nopT<J>eJieM. Aman with a brief-case. BpaT c
cecTpoij. The brother and the
sister. roBopwTb c Apy3bHMii. Tospeak to one's friends. Bcrpe-THTbCH c TOBapninaMH. To meetone's friends.
2. with, and. K6$e c mojtokom. Cof-
fee and milk.
3. with. PaSoTaTb c yAOBOJibCTBHeM.To work with pleasure. CtfOTpeTb$hjilm c HHTepecoM. To see a
film with interest.
CAR m.t prepos. b caAy & o caAe; pi.
caAti gardenflow ctohji b caAy. The house stood
in a garden. OpyKTOBHH caA- Anorchard. BoTanHnecKHn caA- Botan-
ical garden.
<> fleTCKnii can. A kindergarten.
CA|30TBCH, -H^ycb, -awuibch, -ahtchimp. KyAa?& + inf. / p. cecTb,
CHA|y, -enib, -yT, past ceji, -a, -o, -h
1. to sit down. CaAHTbca na cTyji.
To sit down on a chair. GecTb 3a
ctoji. To sit down to table.
CA5K 125 GBE
2. to get on, in. CannTLca b noezji,
b aBTOMOoYuib. To get on a train,
in a motor-car.
3. to set (to work). CecTB 3a pa66-Ty. To set to work.
4. to set. Cojrane ca^n-Tca, The sun. is setting.
CA5KA|Tb, -io f-emh, -iot koto?
hto? Ky^a? imp. I p. noca^iTTb,
nocajKy, nocaAHinB, noca/iaT
\. to put, to place. noca,n;irri> nui-
n,y b KJieTKy. To put the bird
into a cage.
2. to plant. CaJKaTt nBeTii. Toplant flowers.
CAJIAT m.1. lettuce. CBe>KHii caJiaT. Fresh
lettuce.
2. salad. CaJiaT 113 orypnpB, 03 no-MEyjopoB. A cucumber salad, atomato salad.
CAJI<X>ET|KA f., gen. pi. -ok napkin^IncTafl caJi$eTKa. A clean napkin.
ByManmaa caJi^eTKa. A paper nap-kin. Il6jIb30BaTBCfl[ caJi$eTKon. Touse a napkin.
CAM, caMa, cawo, caMH pron.
1. myself, yourself, himself, herself,
itself, ourselves, yourselves, them-selves. He tia£0 Mne noMoraTL, hcaM Bee cAeJiaio. Don't help me,
I'll do everything myself.
2. myself, yourself, himself, her-
self, itself, ourselves, your-selves, themselves. Oh caM rOBO-
pnji 06 3T0M. He himself told
me that.
CAMOflEflTEJIBHOCTB /., no pi.
amateur talent activities
XynoxtecTBeHHan caMOfleaTeJib-
hoctl. Amateur theatricals. Be^epcaMOJieaTeJibHOCTH. An amateurconcert.
CAM0J7ET m. aeroplaneJleTeTB na caMOJieie, To go by air.
PeaKTMBHHH caMOJieT. A jet plane.
CAMOOECJl^HHBAHHE neut. self-
service
CaMOo6cjiyjKHBaHHe b ctojioboh.
Self-service in a cafeteria. Mara3HHcaMOo6cJiy>KHBaHHH. A self-service
shop.
CAM0CT05lTEJIBH|BlH, -aa, -oe,
-Me; adv. caMOCTOaiejibHO indepen-dent, self-dependentCaMOCTOHTeJibnaa pa6oTa, Inde-
pendent work. CaMOCToaTeJiBiiLin hq-
jiob6k. A self-dependent person.
TKmh caMOCTOaTeJibHO. To live in-
dependently. Oh caMocTOHTeflMionay^aeT pyccKHH h3BIK. He studiesRussian by himself.
CAM|blS, -aa, -oe, -Lie pron.
1. the very. 3to Knura, KOTopyioth ncKau? — fla, 3T0 Ta caMaaKHiira. "Is this the book youwere looking for?" "Yes, that's
the very book."
2. very. Mara3flH naxoflUTca b ca-
mom Konne yjirfiiBi. The shop is
at the very end of the street. HBHaji 9to c caMoro Ha^iaJia. /knew it from the very start.
3. most. CaMHH xopouinn. Thebest. CaMbiH KpaciiBHH ropofl.
The most beautiful city.
B caaroM RCJie, oh npao. As a
matter of fact, he is right. MmftyMajin, oh fiojien, a na caMOMffejie oh 3#opOB. We thought he
was ill, but in fact he is all right.
CAXAP m. sugarKHJiorpaMM caxapa. A kilogramme
of sugar. Haii c caxapoM. Tea withsugar.
CEOPHHK m. collection
C66pHHK CTaTen. A collection of
articles.
CBAftBEA gen. pi. cBa#e6 wed-dingBecejiaa CBa£b6a. A merry wedding.
Blitb na csaRh6e. To be present at
a wedding. IIpa3HH0BaTL cBa/u>6y.
To celebrate one's wedding.
<> J^o eBa#bO*bi 3aniUBeT (proverb).
It'll have healed before your wed-
ding.
CBAPflTB see BAP&TBCBE>K|HH, -aa, -ee, -lie, short form
CBe?K, cBema, cBeJK[e, -n; adv. cBe^61. fresh. Cmmee mhco. Fresh meat.
CBemue nBeTH. Fresh flowers.
Chemiie <|)pyKTH. Fresh fruit,
GBemne OBoms. Fresh vegeta-
bles.
2. fresh. CBe>KHH B03flyx. Fresh air.
Ha CBeweM B03Ayxe. In the fresh
air.
3. cool. GBe>Kee yTpo. A cool morn-ing.
|predic. impers. CeroffHa
CBejKol It's cool today!
CBE 126 CBtf
4. fresh. CBensne ra3eTLi. Freshnewspapers.
<> EpaTi,cfl 3a paSoTy co cBeauiMiicnnaftiir. To tackle the work withrenewed strength.
CBEPKAjTJb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. -ct, -iot imp. / p. CBepn-h|vti>, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. -ex, -yT to flash, to
sparkleB ne6e cBopKiiyjia mojihiih. Light-ning flashed in the sky. Mope CBep-KaJio. The sea was sparkling.
CBEPKHYTB see CBEPKATBCBEPXY adv.
1. o t k y A a? from above. CBepxyynan KaMeiib. A stone fell fromabove. CMOTpext CBepxy BHH3.To look down.
2. r % e? on the surface. >Knp njia-
BaeT CBepxy. Fat floats on the
surface.
CBET1 m., no pi1. light. CojiHe^HHH cBeT. Sun-
light.
2. light. 3am&ih cbgt. To switch on
the light. IIoracHTb cseT. Toswitch off the light. IIocMOTpeTbiia CBeT. To look (at something)against the light. HirraTB npnCBexe jiaMOM. To read by lamp-light.
<> y'ueHbe — cbct, a neyieHbe
—
TbMa (proverb). Cf. He that ne-
glects learning in his youth, loses
the past and is dead for the fu-ture.
CBET2 m., no pi. worldilyTemecTBHe BOKpyr cBera. A jour-
ney round the world.
CBETflTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. cBeTHT, cbcthtCojihiic flpr<o cb6tht. The sun is
shining brightly.
CBETJI|BIfi, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. cBerjio
1. light. GseTJian KOMnaTa. A light
room.|
predic. impers. Ha yjrarje
CBeTJio. It is light in the street.
2. light. CBeTJiBiii koctiom. A light
suit.
3. fig. lucid. Cb(3tjibih vm, cBexJiaa
roiTOBa. A lucid mind.
CB II AHUE neut. appointment, meet-ingHath na cBiiAanne. To go to keep
an appointment. Ha3Ha<iHTb CBiiAa-
une. To make an appointment.
X> A° CBii^aiiHfi! Good-bye I J^ocicoporo CBHRamiji! See you soon!
CBOBOAA /.
1. only sing, freedom. Bopb6a 3a cbo-
66p;y. Struggle for freedom. 3asoe-BaTb CBo6oAy. To win freedom.
2. freedom. GBo66.ua cjioBa. Thefreedom of speech. GBo66^a ne-
qaTH. Freedom of press.
CBOBOHH|blS, -an, -oe, -ho, short
form cBo66flcn, CBo6ojiH|a, -o, -u;
adv. cbo66aho1. free. CboSo^hhh iiapofl. A free-
people.
2. only complete form free of charge.
Cbo66ahhh bxoa. Free admis-
sion.
3. adv. fluently. R cbo66/iho roBopio-
no-anrJiHHCKH. / speak English
fluently.
4. vacant. CBo6oAnoe Mecro. A va-
cant seat. 3to mocto cboooaho?Is this seat vacant?
5. free. CBo6oAHoe BpeMH. Free time.
CeroAHH BeqepoM a cBoSoAen./ am free tonight.
CBO$, cboh, CBoe, cboh pron. one's
(own)H HAy k CBoeMy TOBapnniy. / amgoing to my friend's. Oh UQj^eJi
CBoii koctiom. He put on his suit.
H npociiJi TOBapuma npimecTii mhocbok) KHiiry. / asked my friend to
bring me his book.
CBOIICTBO neut. propertyCB/I3ATB see CB£3I>IBATBCB#3BIBA|TE>, -10, -enib, -iot imp.
koto? ito? c k e m? c li e m?/
p. CBHSaT^CBHH^y.CBfl/Kemb, CBfl>KVT
1. to tie together. CBH.saxb OAnyBepeBKy c Apyroii. To tie one
rope to another.
2. fig. to involve. 3to cBasano c
6ojibtunMH TpyAHOCTHMir. This
involves great difficulties.
CBH3B /.
1. tie. YKpenjiHTb cbh3H c napoAa-mii Bcex CTpan. To strengthen
the ties with the peoples of all
countries.
2. communication. Tejierpa$natf
CBH3b. Telegraph communication.
3. connection.
<> B CBH3H c Teai, ito.,. In
cro 127 CEP
connection with.,. B cnmn c othm...
In this connection...
CrOPETL see rOPETBCJjAIBATb, -k>, -euiB, -iot imp. hto?/
p. cflaTB, c;j.aM, c^amt, c^acT,
c^a^HM, cflaffHTe, CAaAyr, pas*
cahjt, -a, CAaji|o, -n1. to return. Castb Kniiry b 6h6-
jiHOTeKy. To return the book to
the library.
2. to let. CflauaTt fla liy, KOMnaTy.To let a summer cottage, a room.
3. to take. CjiaBaTL ansaMeHH. Totake examinations.
C#ATb see CflABATbCflA^A /., no pi. change
IloJiy liHTB Cfla liy. To get somechange. flaTB 10 KoneeK ca^h. Togive 10 copecks change.
CflEJIATb see flEJIATbCflEPMxATb see flElHCATb, 2
CEBJl pron., no ncm.\ gen., acc. ce6n,
dat., prepos. ce6e, instr. co66hmyself, yourself, himself, herself,
itself; ourselves, yourselves, them-selves
ilpnrJiacHTB k ce6e aomoh. To in-
vite to one's place. B /topory hB3HJI c coGoii mkijio, nonoTenneh 3y6nyio meTKy. / took soap, a
towel, and a toothbrush with me on
my trip. PaSoTaTL y ce6a jifiua. Towork at home.
HiiTaTb npo ceoVr. To read to
oneself. Bbihth H3 ce€»ji. To be
beside oneself. IJpniiTH b ce6«. Tocome to one's senses,
CEBEP m., no pi.
1. north. CaMOJieT jieTHT na ceBep.
The plane is flying northward.
K ceBepy ot qero-JiH6o. North
of some place.
2. north. >Khtb na ceBepe. To live
in the North.
C£BEPH|WS, -an, -oe, -tie north(ern)
CeBepnuii B&rep. A north wind.
CeBepHHH nojiioc. The North Pole,
CErOflHH [-bo-] adv. todayCeroAHH 6yjieT ROWRh. It will rain
today. CeroRHH yTpoM, This morn-ing. CeroRHH BenepoM. Tonight.
CErOHHHmiljHK, -HH, -ee, -ne to-
day'sCeroAHHmHHH ra3eTa. Today's news-
paper.
CE3|Oli, -an, -oe, -tie, short form ce#,cej^a, ce#H1. grey. Cejs,ue bojiocbi. Grey hair.
2. grey-haired. CeAOH CTapnK. Agrey-haired old man.
CEOTAC adv.
1. now. Ceiraac h ^yBCTByio ce6nxopomo. Now I feel well. Ce&-iiac HfteT ypoK. A lesson is in
progress now.
2. right now. H cen*iac npn^y.I'll come right now Ceihiac me
ciOAal — Cen^ac! "Comehere at oncel"
uJust a mo-ment!"
CEKPETAP|b m., gen. -a secretary
CEKS'HflA /. second
flBe ceKyn^H, nHTB conyha. Twoseconds, five seconds.
<> Ciiio ceKyHAy! Just a moment!CEJ1(5 neut., pi. cejia village
Ct5JlbCK|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne country,village
CejibCKaa m6cthoctb. Country local-
ity. CejiBCKan jkh3HB. Country life,
CejiBCKHH Bpa*i. A country doctor.
O CejibCKoe xo3HHCtbo. Agricul-ture.
CEMhfl /., pi. ceMLn, ceMeil family^pyjKnan ceMBH. A united family.
y mohh SoJiBman ceMba. / have a
large family.
CEHTJlBf |b m.tgen. -a September
3aBrpa naToe ceETHSpn. Tomorrowis the fifth of September. B ceH-
TaCpe y nac enie Tenjio. It is still
warm in September in our parts.
CEPftEHHIBlH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form cepAeaen, cep/ieHHja, -o, -h;
adv. eepAe^HO cordial
IlepeAaTB cepAeiHBiii npHBer. Togive one's warmest regards. CepAe^-EBiii npneM, cepAennaH oScTanoBKa.A cordial reception, a cordial at-
mosphere.
CEPftllTIHH, -an, -oe, -He, short formcepAHT, -a, -o, -bi; adv. cepAHTOangryCepAnTHH qeJiOBeK. An angry per-
son. H cepAHT na Hero. / am angry
with him. CepABTBin B3rjiHA- Anangry look.
CEPAflTBCH, cepjKycb, cepAHmbca,cepAHxca imp. h a koto?h a ^ t 6? / p. paccepAKTBCH,
CEP 128 CHJI
paccepjKycb, paccep^iirabcn, pac-
cepAflTCH to be angryHe cep^HCb! Don't be angry! MaTbpaccepaujiacb na ctina 3a ono3fla-
Hiie. The mother was angry withher son for being late.
C£P#E(|E neut., pi. -a, cepAen, cepAn,aM,
etc.
1. heart, y nero Sojitnoe cepflr^e.
He has a bad heart.
2. fig. heart. Oh 3aMeqaTejibHHHHejiOBGK, y nero aoaoToe cepAne.He is a wonderful man, he has a
heart of gold.
<> IIo3flpaBJiHTb ot ocero cepjma.To congratulate with all one's heart.
FoBopirrb ot aacToro cepAn,a. Tospeak from the bottom of one's
heart, y Menfl ne ji&kht k OToaiy
eepjme. / have no liking for this.
CEPEAfiHA /. middleCepeAHiia Kpyra. The centre of a
circle. B cepefliTHe aeca. In the
middle of the forest. CepeAHaa ae-
Ta. The middle of the summer.CEP | Mil, -aa, -oe, -bie grey
Geptiij koct£OM. A grey suit (cos-
tume). Geptie rjiasa. Grey eyes.
CEPbE3Hjblft, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short
form cepbe3en,' cepbe3Hja, ~o, -h;
ado. cepbesHO1. serious. Cepbe3Hbiii aeaoBeK. A
serious person.
2. serious. Cepbesnaa KHiira. A se-
rious book. Cepbe3naa My3tiKa.Serious music. Cepb'e3HHH pa3-
roBop. A serious talk. Cepbe3H03aziyMaTbca. To think seriously.
3. serious. Cepbe'3Hoe noaomerme. Aserious situation. Gepbe3Haa 6o-
jie3Hb. A serious illness.
CECTPA /., pi. cecTpbi, cecrep, cecTpaM,etc.
1. sister. GTapraaa cecTpa. Elder(eldest) sister. Maaaniaa cecTpa.
Younger (youngest) sister. Poa-naa cecTpa. A sister. ^BOiopoAHaacecrpa. A cousin.
2. nurse. MeAurinacKaa cecTpa. A(hospital) nurse.
CECTb see CAflfiTfcCflCE|HTb, -io, -euib, -iot imp. a t o?/
p. noce|aTb, -ro, -cmt», -iot to sowCeaTb nuieHHny, KyKypy3y. Tosow wheat, maize.
OKE^Ib see HCEHB
C3A,niH1. adv. behind. On rnea C3aAH. He
was walking behind.
2. prep. + gen. behind. C3aAn AOMa6biji caA- There was a garden be-
hind the house. H cnfleir C3aAHraoc[)epa. I was sitting behind the
driver.
CHIflETb, -?Ky, -flnnib, -AaT imp.
v Ae?1. to sit. GiTAeTb HaAHDane, na cxy-
Jie. To sit on the divan, on a chair.
2. to stay. LJejibtii AeHb on cbagji
oj\ub. He stayed at home alone
the whole day.
0 CiiflCTb na mee y Koro-aHo'o.
To be on somebody's hands. Ci*a£tb
cjiojksl pyiui. To sit idle.
CflJlA /.
1. strength. ^ejioBen 6oJibm6n $b>srnecKoii chjim. A man of great
physical strength.
2. power. Gnaa caoBa. The power of
the word. Cima npiiBbiaKii. Force
of habit.
3. usu. pi. forces. Boopy>KeHEbie ca~
jih. The armed forces. Gnabi mh-pa H nporpecca. The forces of
peace and progress.
4. Force. Griaa THHcecTn. Force of
gravity.
<> EencaTb n30 Bcex cna. To run
as fast as one can. fleaaTb <it6-
jih5o qepe3 CHJiy. To force one-
self to do something. H ne b
CHJiax CReaaTb oto. I am unable
to do that. 3to CBbiine mohx chji.
This is beyond my powers. Mne otone noA CHJiy. This is beyond mypowers. 3to b naniiix caaax. Weare able to do that.
CfIJIbH|bI$, -aa, -oe, -ue, short formciiaee, ciuibna, cnabno, cuabnti;
adv. CHJ1BH0
1. strong, powerful. CwafeHWH aeao-
bqk. A strong man. GuabHHHB3pbiB. A powerful explosion.
CuabHO yaapiiTb. To hit a heavy
blow.|fig. Ero peat npoii3Beaa na
Mena caabiioe BneaaTaenne, Hisspeech made a strong impression
on me. Y nero ciiabnaa Boaa.
He is a man of strong will.
2. loud, severe. Cwaiaibiii myM. Aloud noise. CuabHbiH Mopo3. Se-
vere frost.
CIIH 129 city
CflHIHIi, -hh, -ee, -no blueCimee Mope. Blue sea. Crnine rJia-
sa. Blue eyes.
CIIPOTA m. & /., pi. cupoTLi orphanOh OGTaJicH cnpoToii. He becamean orphan.
<> KpyrJibiu cnpoTa. A completeorphan.
CKA3ATL see rOBOPflTbCKA3|KA /., gen. pi. -ok fairy-tale
HapoAHHe CKa3Kii. Folk tales.
CKAME|HKA /., gen. pi -en benchCiiactb na CKaMeiiKe. To sit on a
bench.
€KATEPT|& /., gen. pi. -6a table-
clothBeJian CKaTepTB. A white table-
cloth. rtocTejiHTb CKaxepTb. Tospread a table-cloth. Gtoji noKptrrKpacHEOii CKaTepTBio. The table is
covered with a beautiful table-cloth.
CKBEP m. public gardenB CKBCpe nrpajin Rem. Childrenwere playing in the public garden,
CKB03b prep.-\~acc. throughCKB03B JIIICTBy 6hJIO BHflUO hc6o.The sky was visible through the fo-
liage.
0» CMOTpeTb Ha ITO-JIHSo CKB03Bnajibiiw. To close one's eyes to
something.
CK0JIb3K|HS, -an, -oe, -lie; adv.
CKOJib3KO slippery
Ckojimkhh noji. A slippery floor.
\predic. impers. Ha yjinue ckojtb3KO.
It is slippery outside.
CKOJIbKO how much, how manyCkojibko HenoBeK nptinuio? Howmany people have come? Ckojibkoctoiit 3Ta Knnra? How much is this
book? Ckojibko BpeMenn? What time
is it? Ckojibko BaM JieT? How old
are you? IIocMOTpnTe, ckojibko
3ji;ecB KpacriBHx nseTOBl Look whata lot of beautiful flowers there are
here!
<> Ckojibko tojiob, ctojibko yMOB.As many men, as many minds.
CKOPEE1. comp. of adv. cKopo2. adv. rather, sooner. On cKopee
yMp&r, ^eM npii3naeT cboio
onintDKy! He will rather die thanadmit his mistake/
<> CKopee Bcero 3to TaK. Mostlikely it is true.
CK6PO adv., comp. CKopee soonCKopo nacTyniiT Becna. Springwill come soon. H CKopo npimy.I'll com,e soon. ITpiixo^H CKopee!Come sooner! KaK mokho CKopee.As soon as you can.
CKOPOCTb /. speedExaTB c 6ojibui6h CKOpOCTBlO. Todrive at a high speed.
CKOP|MII, -an, -oe, -Lie
1. fast. Gkopliii noes ji. A fast train.
CKOpan noMOiHb- First aid.
2. soon, flo CKOpon Bcxpe^n! Seeyou soon! J[o CKoporo cBmraenfllSee you soon!
CKPfln|KA /., gen. pi. -ok violin
HrpaTB na cKpnnKe. To play the
violin.
CKPOMH|blH, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
CKpOMHO1. modest. Ckpomhbih qejioueK. A
modest person. Ckpomho BecTii
ce6fl. To behave modestly.
2. moderate. GKpoMULie ycnexn.Moderate success.
CKPbIBA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.iro? o t k o r 6? o t iier6?/p. ckphtb, cKpojio, -emb, -iot to
concealGKpLiBaTB B3rjihabi . To conceal
one's views. Oh ci-cpBiBaeT, hto nn-raeT cthxh. He conceals the fact
that he writes poetry.
CKPMBA|TbCH, -iocb, -embcff, -iotch
tm-jp. r r e? ot koto?/ p. ckplitl-
CH, CKp6|lOCB, -eOJBCH, -IOTCH
1. only imp. to hide. CKptiBaTBCHot noJiHiiHit. To hide from the
police.
2. to escape. npecrynmiK ckplijich.
The criminal escaped.
3. to disappear. n6e3^ ckplijich
BAaJiii. The train disappeared in
the distance. LIejiOBeK CKptiJiCH
3a yrJiOM, The man disappeared
round the corner.
CKPblTb see CKPblBATbCKPLlTbCH see CKPblBATbCHCKy^IAJTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. no
k o m y? no *i e m y? to miss, to
be lonesomeGKynaTB no poflHTeJiHM. To miss
one's parents. CKynaTB no Rouy.To be homesick %
130 cm
CKY^OlblM, -aa\ -oe, -Lie, short formCKyneri, CKVHHa, ck}9tih|o, -h; adv.
CKy^rao1. dull. GKy hhlih; ^eJiOBeK. A dull
man.2. boring. CKy^iran pa3roBop. A
boring conversation.
3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) bored.
Mire cny^HO. / am bored.
CJlABjLIfl, -aH, -oe, -He, short formcJiaS, cJia6a, cjia6[o, -h; adv. cJia6o
1. weak. CJiaSnii HCJiOBeK. A weakperson. CJiaSbiii y#ap. A feeble
blow. Gna6oe cepAne. A weakheart.
2. fig. weak. CuaGan bojih. A weakwill. CJiaSmH xapaKTep. A weakcharacter.
<> 3to ero cjia6"oe mccto. It's his
weak point. Cjia6aa nafte/Kfta.
A feeble hope.
CJlABA /., no pi. fame; glory
TpoMKaa CJiaBa. Great fame. K neMynpnmjra CJiaBa. He has become fa-
mous. GJiaea noKopi'iTejiHM Kocivrocal
Glory to the conquerors of Space/
CJlABH|BlH, -an, -oe, -ne fine, nice
Oh cJiaBHBin napeHb. He is a fine
fellow.
CJIA#K|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne, short formcjia^OK, cjiaftKa, cJiaflK|o, -n; adv.
cJia^Ko; comp. cJiam;e sweetCjia^Koe h6jioko. A sweet apple.
CJia#Kiiii nan. Sweet tea.j fig. Cji&a-
Kan yjiLi6Ka. A sweet smile.
CJIEBA adv. {cf. HAJIEBG, 2) to (on)
the left
GjieBa — okho, cnpaBa — ztBept. Onthe left is a window, on the right
is a door. CJieBa ot Mena ciiAeji
moh CTapHH Apyr. On my left sat
an old friend of mine.
CJIE.H 77i.f
pi. cjieflH
1. track. Cnejihi na cnery. Trackson the snow. Hath no cjie^aM.
To follow in the tracks.
2. gen. -a trace. Gjie^Li KpacKH.Traces of paint.
3. fig. trace. GJie^H bohhli. Thetraces of the war.
<> OcTaBHTb cJieA. To leave atrace. Hcqe3nyTt> 6e3 CJieAa. To dis-
appear without leaving a trace.
CJlEiPfiTh, -my, -niimb, -aht imp.3 a k e m? 3a ieM?1. to follow. GjiefliiTb 3a flBiuKenneM
cnyTHHKa. To follow the move-ment of a satellite.
2. to have an eye (on). Cne^iiTh,
3a HOBHHKaMii JiiiTepaTypu. Tohave an eye on the latest publi-
cations.
3. to watch. Cue^HTb aa BparoM.To watch the enemy.
CJ1EHOBATEJ1BHO conj. therefore,
consequentlyA paBHO B, cjieflOBaTejibno B pas-
ho A. A equals B, therefore Bequals A.
CJIEflyiOimHil, -an, -ee, -ne next
B cjie^yiomnn pa3. Next time. HaCJieAyioninn jjfiuh. On the next day.
CJIE3A /., pi. cjie3bi, cjic3, CJie3aM,
etc.
1. tear. Ho ee Jinny tckjih c.Jie3bi.
Tears were streaming down her
face.
2. pi. tears. ToBopnTb CKB03B cJie3H.
To speak through tears.
<> Oftim-io AO CJ1S3. It is enough
to make one cry. Cmghtbch ro-
CJie3. To laugh until one cries.
Cjie3aMif ropio ne noMOHtcmfc(proverb). Gf. It's no use crying
over spilt milk.
CJTEniOlI, -an, -oe, -Lie blind
Gjienon MaJib^HK. A blind boy.
CJI&IHKOM adv. too
Tbi noemt cjibhikom rpoMKO. Youare singing too loud.
<> 3to (yvii) cjihihkom! That's
really too much!
CJIOBA.P|I> m.tgen. -a dictionary, vo-
cabularyAHrJio-pyccKHH cjiOBapb. An Eng-lish-Russian dictionary. Op(J>orpa-
$nqecKiiii cjiOBapb. A spelling dic-
tionary. Tojikobhh cjiouapb. Anexplanatory dictionary.
CJIOB|0 neut., pi. -a
1. word. ^JiriiiHoe cjiobo. A long
word. Xoponrae CJiosa. Goodwords.
2. speech. CBo6oAa CJiosa. Freedom
of speech.
3. only sing, remark. 3aKJiio^TejiL-
noe cjiobo. Concluding remarks.
ripej3,0CTaBHTb cjiobo. To give
the floor.
4. only sing. word. CflepjKaTb cjio-
bo. To keep one's word. flaTb
CJIO 131 CME
^ecTHoe cjiobo. To give one's
word of honour.
5. word. PoManc na CJioBa flym-Knna. Romance, words by Push-kin.
<> IIo cjicmaM 6para. According to
one's brother. PaccKa3aTh cbo-hmh CJiOBaMii. To tell in one's ownwords. BepiiTi* na cjiobo... Totake somebody' s word for...
CftejiaTb no nocJiejiHeMy cjio-
By iiayKii n TexmiKn. To dosomething according to the last
word in science and technology.
B jiByx cJiOBax. In a nutshell.
CJlO>KH|blfi, -aa, -oe, -He, short formcjiojKen, cjionaia, cjiojkhJo, -li; adv.
CJIO/KHO
1. complex. CJiOHcnaa Mamnna. Acomplex machine.
2. complicated. CJiojKnaa 3afla iia.
A complicated task. CJiojivHaa
o6cTanoBKa. Difficult situation.
Bee 9T0 onenb cjiojkho. This is
all very complicated.
CJlOMATb see JlGMATbCJIOMATbCH see JTOMATLCHCJIOH 77i., gen. -a elephantCJl^/KAinjIlII m., gen. -ero employeeCJiy>KflTb, cJiy?Ky, cjiymninb, cjiy-
H<aT imp.
1. k o m y? ^ e m y? to serve. GJiy-
jkijtb HapOAy. To serve one's
people. QjiynuiTh fleJiy Miipa. Toserve the cause of peace.
2. r a e? k e m? to serve, to work.GJiy>KHTb b apMHH. To serve in
the army. CJiynuTTb b Saiine. Towork in a bank. CJiy>KMTb 3ko-eomhctom. To work as an econ-
omist.
3. m? to be. Cjivjkhtb npuMe-poM ajih flpyriix. To be anexample for others.
CJiyx m. hearingy peSeHKa xopomini CJiyx. Thechild has a good ear. My3KiKaJii>-
hlih CJiyx. A good ear for music.
CJiyHAfI 772. incident
GJiynaii H3 >kh3HH. An incident
from life.
<> Hec^acTHLiu cjiy*iaii. An acci-
dent. Ha bchkiih cJiy^afi n 3a-rineaji ero a^pec. / wrote downhis address just in case. B ot-
RejiBnbix cJiy'iaax sto bosmo/k-
no. In some cases it is possible.
B tom cjiy liae, ecjm a 3a6o-JIOIO, 3B0HHT6 MHO ROMOU. Incase I fall ill, ring me up at
home, fin b kogm cjiy^ae. Onno account.
CJiyHA0H|BlIt, -an, -oe,. -Lie; adv.
cJiy^raHHO accidental
GJiynaHHaa oinii6Ka. A slip, a for-
tuitous mistake. CJiynaiiHO BCTpe-
THTbca. To meet by accident.
CJiyHA|TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp.
c Keu?/p. cJiy iJ|i'iTBCH, 1st a 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. -iitch,
-area to happenMto CJiyqiiJiocb? What's happened?
Go mhoii cjiyaiiJiocb iiecqacTte. /
have had a misfortune.
CJiy^flTBCH see CJiy^IATbCHCJiyiIIA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
to? 1T0?1. to listen. BnnMaTeJibHO cjiymaTb
MysHKy. To listen to music at-
tentively.
2. to attend. Cayman* JieKnnn
(Kypc Jiennnii). To attend lec-
tures (a course of lectures).
3. : H cjiymaiol Hallo! Yes!
CJiyiBAITbCH, -iocb, -enibCH, -iotch
imp. k o r 6? a e r 6? / p. nocjiy-
ma|Tbca, -iocb, -euibcn, -iotch to
obeyPe6enoK ne cJiyniaeTca MaTepn.The child won't obey his mother.
IIocjiymaHCH Mcna! Listen to me!Do as I tell you!
CJIblDIjATb, -y, -nmb, -aT imp. ^ko-to? 1T0? K 6 M? He M?/
p. ycJiLim|aTb, -y, -unit, -aT
1. to hear. ITjioxo cjiwraaTb. Tohear badly. H CJiLimy Te6a. /
can hear you.
2. to hear. Mm cJn'imajra 06 stohhoboctit. We heard about that
news. Mh cJiLimaJiii, hto oh npn-pj&T saaxpa. We heard that he
would come tomorrow.
CJIEIHIHO k or 6? a t o? predic.
impers. (it is) beard^
Mne ne cJiiimHO Te6a. / can't hear
you. 3#ecb xoponio cjiliitiho. Onecan hear well here.
CMEJI|bIH, -aa, -oe, -bie, short formcaieji, CMejra, CMeJi|o, -bi; adv. cuesio
1. brave. CMeJibiii qeJiOBeK. A brave
CME 132 chh
man. fleHCTBOBaxb CMejio. To act
bravely.
2. fig. bold. CMenoe pemense. Abold decision. GneJian H^ea. Abold idea.
CMEHA /.
1. succession. CMena ahh 11 noan.
Succession of day and night.
2. fig. successors. fleTH — iiaina
CMeua. Children are our succes-
sors.
3. shift. yqHTBCH b nepByro CMe-
Hy. To go to school in the first
shift. Pa6oTaTL b jineBnyio cue-
uy. To work in the day shift.
npflHTH Ha CMGHy KOMy-JIHO'0.
To succeed (relieve) somebody.
CMEPTb /., pi. CMepiii, cMepxei,
CMepTHM, etc. death
<> IlacTb cwepTbio repon. To die
the death of a hero. 3to conpocJKH3HH h CMepTH. This is a
question of life and death. Ha-ftoecTb jip CMepTH. To bore to
death.
CMEX m.fno pi. laughter
TpOMKHH CMex. Loud laughter.
<> IIo^HHTb na cfliex Kor6-JiH5o.
To make fun of somebody.
CMEIIIH|OS, -an, -6e, -Lie, short formCMemoH, CMemH|a, -6, -tr, adv.
CMeraHO1. funny. CtfenraoH paccKa3. A fun-
ny story,
2. ridiculous. On 6hji CMeraon. Hewas ridiculous.
3. predic. impers. (it is) funny.
Mne CMeraHO. It makes me laugh.
CME|HTbCH, rrocB, -embca,^ -io-tch
imp. na a k e m? Has ^ e m? to
laughBee rpoMKo CMenJincb. Everybody
laughed loudly. H CMenJiCK na# cjio-
BaMii 6pa/ra. I laughed at my broth-
er's words.
CMOTPETL, CMOTpiO, CMOTpHIHb, CMOT-
pHT imp. i to? or na koto? nati
t
6? bo xi t 6? / p. nocMOTpeTb,
nocMorpio, nocMOTpnrab, nocMOTpHT1. to look. CMOTpeTb na TOBapnin;a.
To look at a friend. CMOTpeTbb okho. To look out of the win-
dow.
2. to see. CMOTpeTb (jHJibM. To see
a film. CMOTpeTb cneKTaKJib. Tosee a performance.
3. only imper. to look out. GMOTpn-(Te), ne ono3Aau('re)l Look out,
don't you be late!
<> CMOTpeTb CBbicoria na Koro-JiH-
6"o. To look down on somebody.CMOTpeTb cKB03b najibribi (na <it6-
jiho'o). To close one's eyes (to some-thing).
CMOHb see MOHhCMyXilTbCH see CMyilJATLCHCMyin;A[TbCH, -iocb, -einbca, -iotch
imp.jp. CMy|THTbCfr, -nrycb, -Tiinib-
ch, -thtch to he embarrassedOh B^pyr oaenb cMyTHJica, noKpac-neJi. He was suddenly quite embar-rassed and flushed.
CMHCJI m., no pi. meaning, senseIloHHTb cmhcji co6lithh. To under-
stand the meaning of events. Biiojihom cmhcjie cjioBa. In the true
sense of the word. B npfTMOM (ne-
peHOCHOM) CMLicJie. In the literal
(figurative) sense. B 3T0M neTCMHCJia. There's no sense in that.
Her CMHCJia hath Ty#a. There is nosense in going there.
CHA^IAJIA adv.
1. at first. CnaHaJia a c Tpy#OMnoHHMaJi pyccKyio peab. At first
I understood spoken Russianwith difficulty.
2. from the beginning. IToBTOpHTecuaaaJia. Repeat from the be-
ginning. ^irraHTe cnaaaJial Readfrom the beginning!
CHEr m.tprepos. o cnere & b, na
cnery snowGrobHHii cner. Heavy snow. Kpy-tom Bee' b cnery. All around is
covered with snow. Ha cnery 6hjih
bhahh cJieflH 3Bepeii. There were
tracks of animals on the snow. VLjj(gt
cner. It is snowing. VlpjdT CHJibHHH
cner. It is snowing hard.
CHVI3y adv. OTKyp? from belowCMOTpeTb cHH3y BBepx. To look
upward.CHHMA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
to? a TO?//?. CHHTb, CHHMy, CHH-
Menn», cmiMyT, past chhji, -a,
CHHJllO, -H
1. to take (from). CuaTb nnnry c
hojikh. To take a book from the
shelf. CHfiTb najiBTO c BemaJiKH.
To take one's coat from the peg.
2. to take off. Chhtb manny,
CHO 133 COB
nep^aTKH, 6othhkil To take offone's hat, gloves, boots.
3. to shoot. Ghhtl khho$iijibm. Toshoot a film.
CHOBA adv. againCiiOBa npHiu^ia 3una. Winter cameagain.
CHHTb see CHHMATBCOEAKA /. dogCOEHPA|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp. k o-
r 6? ^t.o? / p. co6paxb, co6ep|yf
-emb, -yx, past coSpaJi, co6pajia\co6paji|o, -h
1. to collect. Co6paTb Benin b ro-pory. To collect one's things fora journey. Go6paTB jiio^eH. Toassemble people.
2. to gather. Co6paxb ypojKan. Togather in the crop.
3. imp. to collect. CoSnpaxbkehth, MapKii. To collect books,
stamps. GoSpaTB KOJineKnnio,6n6JinoTeKy. To make a collec-
tion, a library.
4. to put together. Co6paxb noxop,Mamiray. To put together anengine, a machine.
COBHPA|TBCH, -iocb; -emBCH, -iotchimp. I p. co6paxBCH, co6ep|ycb,-embCfl, -yTca, past co6p|ajicfl,
-ajiacb, -jiocb, -JiHCb
1. to gather. ynacxHiiKii Kon$e-penmin co6paJincb b 3aJie. Thosetaking part in the conference
gathered in the hall. Co6npaiOT-ch Tynn. Clouds are gathering.
2. to decide, to intend. Mli co-
6pajincb noHTii Ha BbicxaBKy. Wedecided to go to the exhibition.
COEPAHHE neut.
1. meeting. TopjKecxBeHHoe co6pa-nne. A ceremonial meeting. Hfl-tit na co6paHne. To go to ameeting. ITpHcyxcTBOBaxb naco6paHiiii. To be present at ameeting. CoSpanne coctohtch boBTOpniiK. The meeting takesplace on Tuesday.
2. collection. CoSpamie coqimennH.A collection of works.
COBPATB see COEHPATBCOEPATBCH see COEIIPATBCHCOBCTBEHHOCTB /., no pi. property
Focy^apcTBenHaH coocTBeHHOCTb.State property. Hacxnan c66cxBen-HOCTb. Private property. JIinraaH
c66ctbohhoctb. Personal property.
C66cTBeHH0CTb na 3eMJiio. Owner-ship of land.
COBCTBEHHI Bill, -an, -oe, -ne1. own. G66cTBeHHBiii rom. One's
own house.
2. self- LIyBCTB0 c66cTBennoro #0CTOHHCTBa. Self-respect.
COB UlTHE neut. eventMcropifaecKoe coShtiio. An histor-
ic event. MejKflynapoflHoe coGbixne.
An international event. B Mirpe npo-
ncxoflHT Ban^HBie co6htiih. Impor-tant events are taking place in the
world.
COBEPfflA|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp.iiTO?/p. C0Bepni|uTb, -y, -imib,
-aT to perform, to accomplishGoBepmiiTb noABiir. To accomplish
a feat. GoBepmiiTb nyTemecTBne.To make a journey. CoBepmHTbnoea^Ky no CTpane. To tour a coun-
try. GoBepimiTb npecTynjienne.To commit a crime.
COBEPIJlSTB see COBEPHIATBCOBECTB /., no pi. conscience
^IiiCTaa coBecTB. A clear conscience.
<> IIo concern roBopn. Honestly(speaking).
COBET1 m. advice
OTen; jsjslji coBex cuny. The father
gave his son a piece of advice. E[eH-
hlih cob6t. Valuable advice. Bjiaro-
^apnTb 3a cob6t. To thank for ad-
vice. 06paTHTbcn 3 a cosexoM k cne-
niiaJiiiCTy. To turn to a specialist
for advice. Eii ne hv>khm Bainn eo-
EeTbil She doesn't need your advice/
COBET2 m. council, Soviet
BepxoBHbin CoBex CCCP. The Su-
preme Soviet of the USSR. CoBeTMmmCTpOB. The Council ofM inisters.
COBET|OBATB, -yio, -ycmb, -yioT
imp. k m y? + inf. / p. nocoBe-
TloBaib, -yio, -yemV-yiOT to advise
GoseTyio BaM npoTOxaTb sxy khh-
ry. / advise you to read this book.
COBETjOBATBCH, -yiocb, -yenitcfl,
-yiOTca imp. c KeM?/p. nocoBe-
TloBaTbca, -yiocb, -yenibcfl, -yioxca:
to ask adviceGOBeTOBaTBCH c poflHTejiHMii. Toask advice from one's parents.
COBETCK|Hft, -an, -oe, -ne
1. Soviet. GoBexCKan BJiacxb. Soviet
power. CoBexcKoe upaBiixeJibCTBO.
J
COB 134 C03
The Soviet Government. Go-BeTCKHH C0163. The Soviet
Union.
2. Soviet. CoBeTCKne 3aB0flH. Soviet
plants. GoBeTCKHe cnennajiHC-
tli. Soviet specialists. GoB6T-CKaa Hayna. Soviet science.
COBEIIJAHIIE neut. conference
CoBeinanne rjiaB npaBirrejibCTB. Aconference of the heads of States.
y^acTBOBaTb b coBeniaHHH. To take
part in a conference. ripncyTCTBO-BaTb na coBemaHHii. To be present
at a conference.
COBPATb see BPATBCOBPEMEHHILlH, -an, -oe, -Lie mod-
ernGoBpeMennoe HCKyccTBO. Modernart. GoBpeMennaH TexnHKa. Mod-ern technology. CoBpeMennBiii npo~mhhijichhhh ropo;];. A modern in-
dustrial city.
COBCEM adv.
1. quite. Oh cosceM MaJieeLKiiH. Heis quite small.
2. in negative constructions not at all.
Th coBceM ne yMeemb njiaBaTb.
You cannot swim at all.
COBX03 m. state farmnepeftOBOH C0BX03. A foremost state-
farm. ^HpeKTop coBxo3a. Thedirector of a state farm.
COrjIACEH, corjiacaja, -0, -h short
adj.
1. h a hto? ready. H corjiaceH
exaTb BMecTe. / am ready to go
with you. Oh cornacen Ha Bee.
He is ready for anything.
2. c k e m? c h e m? agreeable. HcorjiaceH c EaMH. / agree withyou. Met He corJiacnH c tbohmMHeHH6M. We don't agree withyour opinion. H corjiacna. /agree.
COrJIACflTBCH see COrJIADlATbCflC0rjIAinA|TI>CH 5
-web, -erabCH, -iotch
imp. c KeM? c ieM? & + inf./
p. corJia|CHTbCH, -rnycb, -CHmbCH,-CHTCH1. to agree. Oh corjiacnjicn bm-
noJiHHTb BTy pa6oTy. He agreed
to do that work.
2. to agree. CorjiacHTbCH c TOBa-pnirreivr. To agree with a friend.
GorjiacHTbcn c npeAJio?KeHHeM.To agree to a proposal. H.
corjiacrmcH c TeM, *ito oh cKa3anMHe. / agreed with what he told
me.
COrJIAlIIEHHE neut. agreementToproBoe corJiameHiie. A tradeagreement. 3aKJiiOHHTb corjianienne
c flpyniMH CTpanaMH. To concludean agreement with other countries.
<> npxiiiTH k corjianieHiiio. Tocome to an agreement.
COrPETb see TPETI*C03EP>KAHHE neut., no pi. contents
PaccKa3aTb coAep/Kamie Hiram. Totell the contents of a book.
COEflHHllTb see COEflHHtfTBCOEflHHflTbCH see COEflHHfJTbCHCOE^HHJllTb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
hto? c xieu?/p. coe/inn|irTbt
-16,
-imib, -At1. to connect, to link. Goe^riHEiTb
ABa r6po,a;a ?Kejie3Hoii Aoporoii.To connect two cities by a rail-
way.2. to combine. Goe^HnnTb Teopnro
c npaKTHKOH. To combine theo-
ry with practice.
COEflHHUlTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. -e.TCH, -iotch
imp.jp. coen,HH|HTbCH, 1st & 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,
-htch to join together, to uniteApMHH coeflHHHJincb na paccBeTe.The armies joined together at dawn.IIpoJieTapHH Bcex CTpan, coenn-HflHTecb! Workers of the world,
unite!
COSflAlBATB, -16, -emb, -iot imp.hto?//?. co3,n;aTb, co3Aa^i, co3n.auib,^
c03flacT, cozjx&rvim., co3AaAi'iTe, co-
3Aa^yT, past co3AaJi, co3AaJia, co-
8AaJi|o, -h to create
Co3AaTb HOByio Teopnro. To create
a new theory. Co3Aarb xoponmeycJiOBHH ajih pa6oTH. To provide
good conditions for work.
C033A]BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -6tch, -iotch imp. /
p. c03#aTbCH, 1st '& 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. C03AaCTCH, co3,na-
AyTca to be created
Go3AaiOTCH HOBbie nJiaHH. Newplans are created. Co3AaJi6cb cepbea-
Hoe HOJio?KeHHe. A serious situa-
tion has been created.
C03#ATb see C03flABATI>C03flATbCH see COSflABATbCH
C03 135 COP
C03HAHHE neut.
1. consciousness. noxepnxb co3ua-nne. To lose consciousness. Elite6e3 C03HaHHfl. To be unconscious.
2. philos. consciousness. BbiTHeonpeAeJinex C03HaHne. Beingdetermines consciousness.
3. understanding, sense. Go3HaHiieAOJira. Sense of duty.
€03HATEJIBH|i>ltI, -a*, -oe, -He;adv. co3Ha.TejibHo
1. conscientious. Co3HaxejibHoe ox-iiomeHEe k pa66xe. A conscientious
attitude to one's work. Co3Ha-TejTbHHH ^eJiOBeK. A conscien-
tious person.
2. deliberate. Oh cjiejiaji 3xo co-
3HaTejif>no. He did it deliberate-
ly.
COftTIl see CXOflflTB1
COflTKCb see CXOftfiTBCKCOJIflAT m., gen. pi. coJiflax soldier
CMeJiHU coitaax. A courageous sol-
dier. OxpHfl coJi^aT. A detachment
of soldiers.
COJIEII|Mfi, -an, -oe, -He1. salt. CoJieHHH cyn. Salt soup.
2. salted. CojienHe orypiui. Saltedcucumbers.
COJIHflAPHOCTB /., only sing, soli-
darityCOJIIIflapHOCTB TpyftHIIlHXCH BcexCTpaH. Solidarity of the workers of
the world.
CCJIHE^HIBlH, -an, -oe, -Lie
1. sun, solar. CoJiHe^HLin CBex.
Sunlight. CojiseqHaa cncxeMa.The solar system. CoJiHeraoe3aTMeHne. An eclipse of the sun.
2. sunny. CoJraeHHbra #eHb. A sun-
ny day.
COJIHIJE [coHHe] neut.
1. Sun. Ox 3eMJin #0 CojinnaCTO nHTBReCHX MHJIJIHOHOB KHJIO-
MexpoB. It's ISO million kilome-
tres from the Earth to the Sun.2. sun! CojiHue cBexnx hpko. The
sun is shining brightly.
3. sun. JTe?Kaxb iia cojmije. To lie
in the sun.
COJIB /.
1. only sing. salt. X;ie6 c cojilio.
Bread and salt.
2. salt. Cojih KaJibnnn. Calciumsalts.
XJie6-cojii>. Bread and salt
(symbol of hosjpitality). Bcrpe-H'dTh xjie5oM-coJii»H). To welcomesomebody with bread and salt.
B new 3^ecb cojib? What's thepoint?
COMHEBA|TBCH, -iocb, -embca, -kdtchimp. b k o m? b h e m? to doubtGoMHesaTbCH b ycnexe. To doubtone's success. He coMneBaxbCH bHpyre. Not to doubt one's friend.
Mh He coMHeBaeMCH, hto bei bhhoji-HHxe 6xy 3a^;aHy. We have no doubtthat you will carry out this task.
COH m., gen. cna1. only sing, sleep. Oh chhx Kpen-
khm chom. He is fast asleep. Ohyjibi6aJiCH bo cae. He smiled in
his sleep.
2. dream. H BHjieji bo cue csoeroTOBapnma- / dreamt of myfriend. Euy chhjihcl xoponiEechli. He had pleasant dreams.
COOBmA|TB, -k>, -emt, -iot imp.HTO? K M y? O K 6 M?HeM?//?. coo6m|HTL, -y, -nnib, -aT
to reportC006niHXb HOBOCXH ^py3bHM. Totell the news to one's friends. Fa3e-th coo6niaiOT 06 ycnenmoM bbihoji-
HeniiH nJiana. The newspapers re-
port the successful fulfilment of the
plan. Ho pa,o;no coo6hihjih, ^toEaraH cnopxcMeHH Bbicxynimii yc-
nenrao. The radio reported that oursportsmen had achieved good suc-
COOBE1.EHHE neut:
1. announcement, communicationBa>KHoe coo6ui6HHe. An impor-tant announcement (communica-tion). flenaTb coo6m.eHne. Tomake an announcement.
2. communication. IlyxH cooSine-
hhh. Ways of communication.
npHMOe cooSineniie. A throughs ervice.
COOEIIJflTB see COOBm,ATBCOI1POTIIBJIEHIIE neut., no pi resist-
anceOKa3aTb conpoxnBjieHne npoTHB-HiiKy. To offer resistance to the
enemy.COPEBHOBAHHE neut., no pi
1. emulation.2. competition. CnopxnBHHe copeB-
HOBaHHH. Sports competition.
I
J
COP 136 con;
CopGBnOBaHHfl no jiHJKaM. Skiingcompetition. YqacTBOBaTB b co-
peBHOBannHx. To take part in acompetition,
COPEBHJOBATLCH, -yiocL, -yeum-ca, -yiOTCH imp. c k e m? c h e m?to emulate, to competeHam 3aB0ji copeBnyeTca c coce,n;-
bum npejinpnaxneM. Our plant com-petes with a nearby enterprise.
COCEfl m.tpi. -n, -eii neighbour
flpy>KHKEe coceAn. Friendly neigh-bours.
COCEftHIIIll, -hh, -ee, -ne neigh-bouring, adjoiningCoceAHHH KOMHaxa. An adjoiningroom. CoceflHiie ^epeBHH. Neigh-bouring villages.
COCJIA /., pi, cochm, cocen pine-treeBwcoKafl cocna. A tall pine-tree.
<> 3 a6jiy^HT t>ch b Tpex cociiax(proverb). Gf. To lose one's way in
broad daylight.
COCTAB m. compositionGocxaB KOMan^H. The composition
of a team.
<> ftejieramia b cocraBe unruleJiOBeK. A five-member delegation.
COCTABMTb see COCTABJItfTLCOCTABJI#|TL, -10, -emB, -iox imp.
xl T 0? / p. C0CTa|BHTb, -BJIIO, •BHIHE,-BHT1. to make (up). CocxaBHTB chhcok
y^a cthhkob. To make a list ofparticipants. GocxaBiixb KaTajiorKHiir. To make a book cata-logue.
2. to form, CocxasiixL onpeAeJien-Hoe MHemie. To form a definiteopinion.
<> CoeTaBHTb KOMnaimio KOAiy-jift-
60 (colloq,). To keep somebody com-pany.
COCTOJlHIIE neut., no pi.
1. condition. SKonoMuaecKoe cocxo-anne cxpanbi. The economicsituation in a country. Bojibhohb TH>KejiOM cocxohhhu. The pa-tient is in a critical condition.
Cocxoanae Ren. The state of af-fairs.
2. fortune. KpynHoe cocxoanne.A large fortune.
<> R ne b eocTOflHrm npOAOJi>KaTbpa3roBop. / am unable to con-tinue our conversation.
COCTO[#TI>> 1st &2?id pers, not used,3rd pers. -iix, -ax imp.1. 113 koto? H3 ^ero? to con-
sist. OpKeCXp COCTOHT 113 113-
BecxiiBix My3HKaHT0B. The or-
chestra consists of well-knownmusicians.
2. b icm? to consist in. 3a#aqaCOCTOHT B TOM, *It66lI 6HCXpOoBJia^eTB nepeftOBHMH Mexo#aMH.The task is to quickly masterprogressive methods.
COCTOlHTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -urea, -aTca p. totake place
Go6panne coctosjiocl b 3ajie. Themeeting took place in the hall. JTeK-
IIHH He COCTOHTCH H3-3a 60Jie3HHJieKTOpa. The lecture will not take
place owing to the lecturer's illness,
COCymECTBOBAlIHE neut., no pico-existenceMnpnoe cocym;ecTBOBaHHe. Peace-
ful co-existence.
COCTHTATB see CTIITATB, 1
COT|HH /., gen. pi. -en hundredGothh aio^eS npnmjin na nao-nxaftb. Hundreds of people came to
the square. Tpn cothh py6jieH.Three hundred roubles,
COXPAHIiTBCH see COXPAHflTBCHCOXPAH#|TBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -eTCa, -fOTca imp./
p. coxpaH|HTBCHf1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -htch, -axes1. to be preserved. Cxapaa KapTii-
na xoponio coxpannjiacB. Theold picture was well preserved.
H6jiokh xopomo coxpaniiJiHCb baniUKe. The apples had keptwell in the box.
2. to survive. HeKOxop&ie CTapueoSibiraaH coxpanHJinct #0 nanraxflHen. Some old customs havesurvived up to our time.
C0E(HAJIfI3M m., no pi. socialismCOmiAJlIICTjaHECKIHIl, -aa,] -oe,
-ne
1. socialist. CorjiiajnicTnaecKaa pe-BOJironna. The socialist revolu-
tion. Gon;najiHCTH tiecKiie CTpanut.The socialist countries.
2. socialist. CoanaaHCTiiaecKoe ot-
Homenne k Tpyjjy. A socialist at-
titude to work.
137 cno
COmHlJIbHlblll, -an, -oe, -He1. social. Connajibnoe nojiojKemre.
Social status.
2. social. ConnajibHaH peBOJUonnn.A social revolution. ConnaJibBbiepe$6pMH. Social reforms.
CO^HHEHIIE neut.
1. work, riojinoe co6paHiie co^n-HeHini A. C. HyniKHHa. Thecomplete works of A. S. Pushkin.
2. composition. CoqnHeirae o TBop-necTBe IlymKHHa. A composi-
tion on Pushkin's works. Hann-caTb coHnneniie na Aarmyioleuy. To write a composition
on a given subject.
COK>3 m.1. union. Gok>3 paGo^nx h Kpec-
TbHH. The union of workers andpeasants.
2. alliance. BoennHn coio3. A mili-
tary alliance.
3. union. C0163 Cobctckhx Conna-JiriCTiraecKiix Pecny6JiiiK. TheUnion of Soviet Socialist He-publics.
4. union. IIpo$ecciiOHajiLnBiii cok>3.
A trade union.
OIAJI|bHH gen. pi. -en bedroomCIIACA|Tb, -io, -emb, -k>t imp. ko-
to? h t 0? t k r 6? o t ^ e r 6?
or k m y? nT0?//>. cnac|Tn, -y,
-emb, -yT, past cnac, -Jia, -jio, -jih
to saveBpaq cnac jkh3hb 6ojn>HOMy. Thedoctor saved the patient's life.
CIIACA]TLCH, -iocb, -eniBCfl, -iotch
imp. ot koto? ot Hero?//?.cnac|THCb, -ycb, -embcn, -yTcn,past cnac|cH, -Jiacb, -jiocb, -jihcb
to save oneself, to escape
JJeViHK eABa cnaccn ot cMepTH.The flyer barely escaped death.
JKirrejra cnacajincB ot BparoB b Jie-
cy. The inhabitants fled from the
enemy to the forest.
CIIACHBG thank youCnacnSo 3a nncbMO. Thank you forthe letter. Cnacn6o 3a coseT. Thankyou for your advice. BoJibmoe cna-cn6o! Thank you very much indeed!
CIIACTfl see CILACATbCIlACTBCb see CILACATb CJI
CIIATB, cujiio, cnnrab, cuht, pastcnaji, -a, cnaji|o t -h imp. to sleep
CnaTb bcio H0 lib. To sleep the whole
night. Kpenno cnaTb. To sleepsoundly.
<> Oh cnaji, Kaic y5htmh. He slept
like a log.
CIIEKTAKJlb m. showHnTepecHHH cneKTaiaib. An inter-
esting show. TejieBH3H0HHHH cneK-TaKJib. A television show. CneK-TaKJib BoJibmoro Tearpa. A BolshoiTheatre show. ITpucyTCTBOBaTb nacneKTaKJie. To be present at a show.
CIlETb see IIETbCnEIJIIAJIBHOCTB /. profession,
speciality
HyjKHaa cnemiaJibnocTb. A neces-
sary profession. Pe/tKan cnennajib-HOCTb. A rare profession. Oh nacnenuajibnocTii nHHtenep. He is anengineer by profession.
CnEIJHAJIBHI
bill, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv.
cnennaJibno1. special. Cnennajibnaa o^e/KAa.
Special clothes.
2. professional. CnennaJibnoe 06-
pa30Banne. Professional training.
3. special. Oh CfleJiaJi bto cne-
nnaJibno ajih Mena. He did that
specially for me.
CIIEinillTb, -y, -nnib, -aT imp. k y jx a?& + inf.
1. to hurry. Cnemnrb aomcui. ^hurry home. On cnemnJi nann-caTb pofliiTeJiaM o cbohx BnenaT-ji6hhhx. He was in a hurry to
write to his parents about his
impressions.
2. to gain, to be fast. Hacbi cne-
maT na 5 MirayT. The clock is-
5^minutes fast.
CnHHA /., acc. cnimy; pi. cumhh backJlejKaTb na cmine. To lie on one's
back. Oh ctohji cnnHoii k HaM. Hestood with his back to us. Y^ap bcnnny. A stab in the back.
CIIflClOK m., gen. -Ka list
GnncoK y^eenKOB. A list of the
pupils. GocraBHTb cnncoK. To makea list.
CIUMlKA /., gen. pi. -eit match3a>Keqb cmhiKy. To light a match,
Kop66Ka cni'meK. A box of mat-
CI1 KOllH IblS , -an, -oe, -He, short
form cnoKoen, cnoKonnla, -o, -h;
adv. chokohhoi. quiet. CnoKoiiHaH pena. A quiet
cno 138 CPA
river. Ctohtb chokohho. Tostand quietly. CiiflUTe cookohhoISit still!
2. serene, tranquil. CriOKOHHaayjibi6Ka. A serene smile. Cno-KOHHafl >KH3Hfe. A quiet life.
GnoKOHHLin nejioBeK, A calmperson. Chokohhhh xapanxep.An even temper.
<> CnoKOHHoii hoih! Good night!
CnOP|HTb, -K), -Hint, -ht imp. o
kom? o h e m? c k e m? / p . no-
.
Gnop|iiTL, -io, -hhib, -ht to argueCnopiiTB c TOBapnn^eM o Kunre. Tohave an argument with a friend
about a book.
CIIOPT m., no pi. sportJThjkhhh cnopr. Skiing. Bii^li
cnopTa. Kinds of sport. SaunMaTb-ch cnopTOM. To go in for sport.
CnOPT0BH|MIl, -an, -oe, -He sportsGnopTHBHaa HJioinaAKa. A sports
ground. Chopthbhhh koctkdm. Asports costume. CnopTiiBHKte copeB-
HOBaunH. Sports competitions.
CnOCOB m. way, methodCn6co6 npnrOTOBJieniiH JienapcTBa.
The method of making up a medicine.
HaHftiiTe KaK0H-Hii6yflB cnoco6BcxpeTiiTBCH c hum. Find a wayof meeting him.
CIIOCOEHOCTB /. k leity?1. ability, ilocjie paueniiH oh no-
TepHJI CUOCOOHOCTB flBHTaTBCH,After being wounded he lost the
ability to move.
2. usu. pi. aptitude, y Hero 6ojib-
mne chocoShoctji k MareMaTHKe.He has a great aptitude formathematics .
CnOCOBH|i>lH, -an, -oe, -He capableChoc66hhh roHoma. A capableyouth.
CnPABA adv. (of. HAIIPABO, 2) on(to) the right
Moh cxyji ctoht cnpaBa. My chairis on the right. CnpaBa ot ,a;6Ma
naxoAHTca KHHOTeaTp. To the right
of the house is a cinema.CIIPABE#JIfiB|BlG, -an, -oe, -ne,
short form cnpaBe^raiB, -a, -o, -h;adv. cnpaBeflJiHBO just
CnpaBe^JiHBHu nejiOBeK. A fust
person. CnpaBe^jniBoe pemenne. Ajust decision. ITocTynaTB - cnpaBe#-jihbo. To act justly.
CIIPAIIIIIBA|TB, -io, -euiB, -iot imp.KOTO? KOM? h e M?/
p. cnpocHTB, cnporny, cnpocBnib,cnpocuT to askywrejiB cnpocnji yqeHHKa. Theteacher asked a pupil. CnpaniHBaTB
3A0p0BBe. To ask after somebody'shealth.
CnPOCflTB see CEEPAHIIIBATBCnPHTATB see IIPHTATBCnPHTATbCH see IIPtfTATBCHCnyCKA|TBCH, -iocb, -emBCH, -iotch
imp. Ky^a? o t k y p?/ p. cnyc-TnTBcn, cnyniycB, cnycTHHiBCH,cnycTHTcn to descendCnycTi'iTBCH c ropii. To descend
from the mountain. CnycTHTBcn nojiecTHHne c rperBero 9Ta?Ka na nep-bhh. To go downstairs from the
second floor to the ground floor.
CnycKaTBca na jin$Te. To go downin the lift.
CnyCTfiTBCH see CIiyCKATBCHCnyTHHK m.
1. companion, fellow-traveller. MomcnyTHHK 6hji BpanoM. My com-panion was a doctor.
2. satellite. JTyna — cnyTHHK 3eM-jih. The Moon is the Earth's sat-
ellite. HCKyCCTBeHHHH CnyTHHK.An artificial satellite. 3anycxHTBcnyTHHK. To launch a satellite.
BHBecTH cnyTHHK na opSnTy.To put a satellite in orbit. Ha-6JiE)AeHHe sa cnyTHHKOM. Track-ing a satellite.
CPABHEHHE neut.
1. comparing. CpaBHenne AByxHBJieHHH, flByx JiiOAen. Compar-ing two phenomena, two people.
2. simile. JlHTepaTypnoe cpaBHe-hhc A simile.
<> Ho cpaBHemno... c icen? c
qe m? Compared with.,. Ho cpaE-IieHHIO C TeM, 1T0 H BHAGJI
paHbine, ropoff 6*ieHB H3MeHMJica.Compared with what I saw before,
the city has changed a lot.
CPABHHBA|Tb, -io, -emt, -iot imp.
koto? q t o? c k e m? c ^ e m? /
p. CpaBHjHTB, -IO, -HHIB, -AT
1. to compare. CpaBHHTB hi'kJph.
To compare figures. GpaBHHTBRBa HBJieniifl. To compare two
phenomena
.
CPA 139 CTA
2. to compare. CpaBHnrb nosepx-boctb boru c 3epKajiOM. Tocompare the surface of the water
to a mirror.
CPABHflTB see CPABHIIBATbCPA3Y adv. immediately
Oh cpa3y uohhji. He understood
immediately. Mil ynum cpa3y 116-
cjie o6e.ua. We left immediately af-
ter dinner.
CPE^A 1/-, pL cpe^H, cpeji, cpe^aM, etc.
1. medium. Bosjiyuma/i cpe^a. Airmedium.
2. only sing, surroundings. Oitpy-
jKaioman cpe/ja. Surroundings. OhBocrn'iTHBaJicH b paoo^eii cpe#e.He was brought up in work-
ing-class surroundings.
CPEflA2 acc. cpeay; pi. cpeflH,
cpe^, cpe^aM, etc. WednesdayGero^HH cpej^a. Today is Wednes-day. JIeKn.nn HHTaiOTCH no cpej^aM.
Lectures are delivered on Wednes-days. B cpeAy npnjieTHT namacnopTHBHaa AeJxeraiiHH. Our sports
delegation arrives on Wednesday.CPEftfl prep. + gen.
1. in the middle of. #om ctohji
cpe,o;n Jieca. The house was in
the middle of the forest. Cpe£HHO^H pa3AaJICH 3B0H0K. A bell
rang in the middle of the night.
2. among. Cpeflti CTyneuTOB 6hji
moh Apyr. Among the students
was my friend. Pa66ra cpeftHMOJioiiejKii. Work among youth.
CPEAHIHtl, -ha, -ee, -He
1. middle. Gpe^nee okho. The mid-dle window.
2. medium. HeJiOBeK cpeflnero poc-
Ta. A person of medium height.
3. fig. average. Gpe^HHe cnoc66-
hocth. Average abilities.
<> CpeAHJiH mKOJia. Secondaryschool. IIojiyqHTb cpe^nee o5pa-30Banne. To get secondary edu-
cation. Cpe/jime BeKa. The Mid-dle Ages.
CPEACTBO neut.
1. means. Cpe^CTBa nponaBOflCTBa.The means of production. Cpeji-
cTBa nepeABTDKenHH . Means oftransportation.
2. method; remedy. HoBLie cpe#-CTBa jie^eHHH 6ojie3HH. Newmethods of treating a disease.
3 to eflHHCTBennoe cpe^CTBoI Thisis the only remedy!
CPOK m. timeGflejiaTB pa6dTy b cpoK. To do thework in time. Bee cpoKH npoinjui.All time limits have passed.
CPO lIH|Hfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. cpon-ho urgentGpoHHoe cooSuieniie. An urgentcommunication. YexaTb no cpo^HO-My AeJiy. To go away on urgentbusiness. Cpo^mo yexaTb. To leaveat once. CpoHHan TCJierpaMMa. Anurgent telegram.
CCOP|HTbCH, -iocb, -iimbCfl, -htcji
imp. c k e m? / p. noccopliiTBca,-iocb, -umBCK, -htch to quarrelHe na.RO ccopHTbcn. You shouldn'tquarrel. noccopiiTLCH c TOBapniueM.To quarrel with a friend.
CTA|BHTb, -bjiio, -Biimb, -bht imp.koto? o? k y a a? Ip. nocxa|-BHTb, -BJIIO, -BIIHIB, -BHT1. to put. GTaBHTt CTaKan na ctoji.
To put a glass on the table. Ilo-
CTaBHTb nBeTbi b boav. To putflowers in water. IIocTaBHTb kh/i-
fh na MecTo. To put the booksin their place.
2. to give. CfaBHTb OTM&rKy. Togive a mark.
3. to make. C-raBriTb ontiTH. To
'
make experiments.
4. to set. nocraBHTb z&R&Hy nepeAKOJiJieKTHBOM. To set a task be-
fore a collective.
5. to stage. CxaBUTb Hbecy. Tostage a play.
<> IIocTaBiiTb peKopA. To set upa record. OrasnTb Rnarii03. Todiagnose. CTaouTb ycJiOBiia ko-My-Jw5o. To lay down terms to
somebody. IIocTaBHTb Kor6-JiH6ob TpyAiioe nojiOHcemie. To placesomebody in an embarrassing situ-
ation.
CTA^HOH m. stadiumHobhh CTajiHOH. A new stadium.CopeBHOBaHHH COCTOHTCfl na CTa-
AHone. The competition will take
place at the stadium.
CTAKAH m. glass
Wictlih CTaKan. A clean glass. Cra-Kan MOJiOKa. A glass of milk.
CTAJib /. steel
Ho/K H3 CTaJin. A knife made of
CTA 140 CTB
steel. BapiiTb cxaaB. To foundsteel,
CTAJlbH|OM, -aa, -6e, -Lie
1. steel. CTaJibnoH hojk. A steel
knife.
2. steel(y). CxaJiBHOH nBex. Steel
colour.
3. fig.: CxaaBnaa Boaa. Gf. An iron
will.
CTAHQBflTbCH, cxanoBJirocB, cxano-
BIIHIBCH, CTaHOBSTCH imp. Keif?KaKHM? / p. cxa|xB, -ny, -neuiL,
-nyx1. to stand. CxaxB y nBepeii, cxaxt
K JIBepHM, CTaTb K cxanny. Tostand at the entrance, to take upa position near the door, to take
one's place at the lathe.
2. only p. to stop. *IacLi cxaJin. Theclock has stopped.
3. to become. Oh cxan HHHceuepOM.He became an engineer. EtoronaCTanoBiTJiacB xojioahoh. Theweather was getting cold. CxaJiotcmho . It became dark.
4. only p. -\-inf . to start. Mbi cxa-
jth neTB. We started singing.
5. only p. to become (of). Hxo c humcxaJio nOTOM? What became ofhim afterwards?
<> Bo hto 6bi to hh CTajio. Byall means.
CTAH|OK m., gen. -Ka machine-tool,lathe
ToKapntiii cxaHOK. A lathe. Pa66-xaxB na hobom cxaHKe. To work at
a new machine-tool.
CTAHI^HH /.
1. station. CxaHHira Mexpo. Anunderground station. >KflaxB HacxanaHH. To wait at a station.
2. exchange. Tejie^onnaa cxanrniHA telephone exchange.
CTAPA|TbCH, -iocb, -era&cji, -ioxch
imp. -\~ inf.jp. nocxapa|xBca, -iocb,
-emBca, -ioxch
1. to try. Y nero ne Bcer^a Bee
xopomo noJiy^aexca, xoxa ohoaenB cxapaexca. He doesn't
always succeed in everything,
though he tries hard.
2. to try. Oh cxapa Jica blihojihhxbpa66xy b cpoK. He tried to dothe work in time.
CTAPflK m., gen. -a old manCTAPOCTb /., no pi. old age
rjry6oKatt cxapocxB. Extreme oldage. B cxapocxn. In one's old age.
B cxapocxn on cxan hjioxo cjih-maxB. As he grew old, his hearingbecame poor.
CTAPyXA /. old womanCTAPIDIHM, -aa, -ee, -ne
1. elder, eldest. Moa cxapmaa ce-
cxpa — spaa. My elder {eldest)
sister is a doctor, y mix xpnCLma. GxapmiiH paCoxaex Ha 3a^BO,a;e, cpe^HHii yanxca b iuko-Jie, a MJiaAHiirn xojjnx b ^ex-ckhh ca/i. They have three sons.
The eldest works at a plant, themiddle one goes to school and the
youngest goes to the kindergarten.
2. senior. CxapimiH nay^HbiH co-
xpyjiHHK. A senior research asso-ciate.
CTAP|blH, -aa, -oe, -He, short formcxap, cxapa, cxap|o, -li
1. old. GxapBin aejiOBeK. An oldperson. Obsl oqenb cxapa. Sheis very old. Cxapoe pepeBO. Anold tree.
2. old. Cxapoe naJiBxo. An oldovercoat.
3. old. GxapBiii flpyr. An old friend.
4. old. GxapHii o6iiaaH. An oldcustom.
CTATb see CTAHOBftTbCHCTAT|bfl /., gen. pi. -en article
Fa3exHaa cxaxba. A newspaper ar-
ticle. HaniicaxB CTaxBio. To writean article.
CTEKJIO neut., pi. cxeKJia, cxeKOJr.
cxeKJiaM, etc.
1. glass. npo3paanoe cxeKJio. Trans-parent glass.
2. pane. Pa36nx& cTeKJio b okho.To break a window-pane.
CTEKJIHHH|BI1I, -aa, -oe, -Bie glassCxeKJiairaaa jiBepB. A glass door.
CTEHA /., acc. cxeny, pi. cxeHH*cxerr, cxenaM, etc. wall
CTEPETb see CTIIPATb 1
CTIIPAITb 1, -io, -eniB
%-iox imp.
axo? a cm? / p. cxepexB, coxp|y,-earn, -yx, past cxep, -jia, -jio, -jiii
to wipe off, to rub off, to erase
GxiipaxB xprinKOH c apCKH. Taclean the blackboard with a duster.
CxepexB hbijib co cxoaa. To dust
the table. CxepexB nanncanHoe. Toerase what has been written.
CTH 141 CTP
<0> OrcpeTb c Jiima 3cmjth <ito-jih-
60. To raze something to the
ground.
CTHPA|TB3, -10, ^eraB, -iot, imp.
HTO? 16M?/p. BHCTIipa|Tb, -JD,
-emh, -iot to washBucTiipaTi> 6ejii>e. To wash the lin-
en. PyKa.Mii CTHpaTb Tpy#HO. IV
s
difficult to do the washing by hand.
CTHXfl pi. poetry
Cthxh IlymKHHa. Pushkin's poetry.
C66pHHK cthxob. A collection of
poetry. YmiTh cthxh HaireycTb. Tolearn poetry by heart.
CTHXOTBOPEHIIE neut. poemGTHXOTBOpeeiie MaHKOBcicoro. Apoem by Mayakovsky. JInpimecKoeCTixxOTBopeniie. A lyrical poem.
CTO|HTf>, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. -ht, -ht imp.
1. to cost. Kinira ctoht 5 py6Jien\
The book costs 5 roubles. BiiJier
ctoiit jroporo. The ticket is ex-
pensive.
2. impers. is worth. He ctoiit Mens6jiarOAapHTb. There's nothing to
thank me for. 3to ctoht iiocmo-
TpeTb! It is worth seeing!
<> Hrpa ue ctout CBe if (proverb).
The game is not worth the
candle.
CTOJI m., gen. -a table
GecTb sa croJi.. To sit down to
table. Gn^eTb 3a ctojiom. To sit at
the table. BcTaTb H3-3a CTOJia. Torise from the table. IIiicBMeHnHH
CTOJi. A desk.
CTOJIfllU /. capital (city)
^peBHHfl cTOjrana, The ancient cap-
ital. IlapHJK — CTOJIHIja 0paHD,HH.Paris is the capital of France.
CTOJIOBJAH /., gen. -oil
1. dining-room. 3#eci> y -nac cto-
jiOBan, a nanpaso — jmepb b
Kyxmo. This is our dining-roomand on the right is the door to
the kitchen.
2. dining-hall, canteen. CTyaeHqec-Kan CTOJiOBaH. A students' canteen.
GTOJIbKO adv.
1. so many, so much. Ckojibko
jiiOAeii, ctojibko xapaKTepoB. Cf.
So many people, so many minds.
2. such a lot. Oh ctojibko c^ejiajil
He's done such a lot!
CTOPOHA /., acc. cropony; pi. cto-poHH, CTopon, cToponaM, etc. sideilpaBan CTOpona. The right-handside. C JieBoii CTopoiiH. From the
left-hand side. Ha Apyroii CToponeyjranH. On the opposite side of the
street. Co Bcex cTOpOH. On all sides.
CTO|#Tb, -16, -Hiiib, -ht imp. r«e?1. to stand. HejiOBeK ctoht y ok-
na. The man is standing at the
window.2. to stand, to be (situated). Ctoji
ctoiit b KOMBare. The table stands
in the room. J^ou ctohji na 6e-
pery peKH. The house stood onthe riverbank. IlapinK ctoht naGene. Paris is situated on the
Seine.
3. to be. Ctoht xopomaff norofla.
The weather is fine.
4. to face. HepeA naMir ctoht b&>k-
Htie npoSJieMH. Important prob-
lems face us.
5. to stand (still). LIacLi ctoht. Thewatch has stopped. H6e3jx ctoht.
The train is standing still.
<> Ctohtb bo rjiaBe ^ero-JinSo. Tobe at the head of something.
Ctohtb y BJiacTH. To be in power.
CTPAHA f. tpi. CTpasH
1. land. Moh po^naa cTpana. Mynative land. IO/KHbie CTpam.Southern lands.
2. country. CTpann JlaTHHCKOHAwepHKH. The countries of Lat-
in America.
<> Cxpanbi ceeTa. The cardinal
points.
CTPAHfiIJA /. pageB KHifre 100 CTpamin. There are
100 pages in the book.
<> Ha cTpan^ax HsypnaJia. In the
columns of the magazine,.
CTPAHHIMfi, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
CTpaHHO strangeCTpannaa <J>nrypa. A strange figure.
GTpaHHHH B3TJIHA- A strange
look. 3to oqenb CTpanno. It is
very strange.
CTPAX m. fear
flpoHdTb ot cTpaxa. To quake with
fear.
CTPAniHiBIIl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
CTpauino1. terrible. CTpainnan HCTopnn. A
terrible story.
CTP 142
2. colloq. awful. Cxpaiimafl 6ojii>.
An awful pain. 3to CTparnnoHHTepecHOl It's awfully inter-
esting!
3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) af-
raid. Mne CTpamHO. / am afraid.
CTPEJlH|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. b
koto? bo xi t 6? to shootGTpejiflTB b nejib. To shoot at a
target
.
CTPE|MfITbCH, -mjiiocb, -MitmbcH,
-mhtch imp. k k o m y? k h e m y?& -f- inf. to strive
CTpeMHTbCH k nejin, k cbo66acTo strive to achieve one's goal, to
strive for freedom. CTpeMHTbCH no-
6eflHTb. .To strive to win.
CTPBl^IbCH, -rycb, -jKeniLca, -ryTCH,past cTpiircH, CTpiM|acb, -ocb,
-neb imp./ p. nocTpiil^BCH, -rycb,
-HterabCH, -ryTCH, past nocTprircn,
nocTpnrjilacb, -ocb, -neb to haveone's hair cut
Cxpii^bCH b napHKMaxepcKon. Tohave one's hair cut at a barber's.
CTPOrjHK, -an, -oe, -lie, short formCTpor, CTpora, CTp6r|o, -n; adv.
CTporo1. strict, severe. CTporiin ymirejih.
A strict teacher. Oren; CTporonocMOTpeji ua ciraa. The father
looked severely at his son. CTpo-thh roJioc. A severe tone of voice,
2. fig. strict. CTporne npaBiijia.
Strict rules.
CTPOftTEJIbCTBO neut.
1. construction. Ctpohtcjilctbo 3a-
boaob n $a6pnK. The construc-
tion of plants and factories.
KymvrypHoe CTponrejibCTBO.
Cultural construction.
2. building. PaSoTaTb Ha CTpon-TejibCTBe. To be engaged in build-
ing.
CTPO[HTb, ;io, -limb, -ht imp. h t o? /
p. nOCTp6|HTb, -10, -limb, -HT
1. to build. CTpoiiTb aom. To build
a house. CTpoiiTb >Kejie3Hyio #o-pory. To build a railway.
2. fig. to build. CTponTb kommv-HH3M. To build communism.
CTPOfl m., no pi. systemrocyflapcTBeHHbin crpon. A state
system, Kojixo3HHH CTpon. Thecollective-farm system.
CTYflEHT m. studentCtvacut 5-ro Kypca. A fifth-yearstudent.
CTYJI m., pi CTyjibH, CTyjibeB chairCecxb na cryji. To sit down on achair.
CTyH|ATi>, -y, -limb, -aT imp. nohto? no My? neM?/p. no-CTyq|aTb, -y, -nnib, -aTGTynaTb b okho. To knock at thewindow. GryqaTb KyjiaKOM no cto-jiy. To bang one's fist on the table.
CTL'I^HO predic. impers. (to be)ashamedMne CTLinHO . / am ashamed. Ctlta-ho 3a TOBapiinja. To be ashamed ofa friend. Ctlthho nepefl #py3&HMii.To be ashamed to face one's friends.
CTHflHO cjiymaxb stii cjioua. /am ashamed to hear such words.
CyBEOTA /. SaturdayB cy666Ty 6hji HHTepecHHii koh-UepT. There was an interesting con-cert on Saturday.
CYJX m., gen. -a
1. law-court.2. trial.
CYflflTb, cywy, cyaimib, cyAHT imp.KOTO? h t 6?
1. to judge. Mli cy^riM no TOMy,hto BHfleJin. We judge fromwhat we saw.
2. to try. CyjiHTb npecTynmiKa.To try a criminal.
3. to referee. CyflHTB $yT66jibnyioBCTpe^y. To referee a football
match.
<> CyflH no TOMy, hto... Judgingfrom what...
CyflBEA /., pi. cyAb6bi, cyAe6 for-
tune, fate
flyMaTb o cyja;b6e napo^a. To think
of the fate of the people. Cy#b6amohx flpy3en. The fortunes of myfriends.
CYRbfL m.y
pi. cyffbH, cyAen1. judge. CnpaBeAJiHBLiH cyjibn. A
fust fudge. HapoAHEtii cy^bH,A people's judge.
2. referee. CnopTHBHHii cyAtn. Areferee, an umpire,
CyMETb see yMETbCyM|KA /., gen. pi. -ok bag
KojKaeaH cyMKa. A leather bag.
CyMKa rjih. npoAyKTOB. A shop-
ping-bag.
cyn 143 era
cyn m., pi. -li soupPiicoBtin cyn. Rice soup. TapejiKacyna. A plate of soup.
CyPOB|BlS, -an, -oe, -tie, short formcypoB, -a, -o, -h; adv. cypoBO1. stern. CypoBHH icjioBeK. A
stern person.
2. rugged. CypoBan npnpojia. Rug-ged countryside.
3. rigorous. CypoBan jkhbhb. Arigorous life.
CyXiKIl no sing., gen. -ok day, 24 hoursExaxB nejiBie cyTKH. To be driving
the whole day, J^Boe cyTOK. Two days.
CyX|OIl, -an, -6e, -ire, adv. cyxo;comp. cyme1. dry. BiJTpn pynn, onn kojijkhli
obitb cyxihni. Wipe your hands,they must be dry. Cyxan Ofl&Kfla.
Dry clothes. Cyxoii B03Ayx. Dryair.
2. dry. Cyxafl KOMnaT-a. A dryroom. Cyxan aeMJin. Dry earth.
3. fig. dried-up. Cyxon neJiOBen.
A dried-up person. On cyxo no-3^opoBaJiCH. He greeted (some-body) coldly.
<> Cyxoe snno. Dry wine.
Cy^ECTB[OB£TB, -yio, -yeniB, -yiox
imp. to exist
5Kii3hb na 3eMJie cynrecTByeT mho-nie mhjijihohbi JieT. Life has exist-
ed on Earth for many millions ofyears. CymecTByeT necKOJiBKO bh~
rob ynpa>KHennii. There are several
kinds of exercises.
COOTOrPA0fiPOBATB see <1>0T0-TPAOHPOBATB
CXBATMTB see XBATATB1
CXO^fiTB1,cxoifcy, cx6#nniB, cxo^ht
impJp. cohth, C0HA|y» -erat, -yT,past comeji, comji|a, -6, -n
1. to go down. CxoflHTb no JiecT-
niine. To go downstairs.
2. to get off. Bh cxofliixe na cue-
#yioincn ocxanoBKe? Are yougetting off at the next stop?
<> Cohth c yaia. To go out of one's
mind .
CXOflfiTB2,cxO/Ky, cxoflnmB, cxo#ht
p. Kyjja? &-\-inf, to go to someplace and returnCxo#htb b MarasHH. To go to the
shop (and return). Cxo^htb nory-jihtb. To go for a walk.
CXOflfiTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. sing,
not used, 3rd pers. cxofliiTCfl, exo-AHTcn imp. I p. cohthcb, 1st & 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. con^eTCH,.conflyTCH, past comejiCH, comJi|acB,-OCB, -HCb
1. to come together. Cohthcb b3aJie. To gather in the hall.
KOJIOHHBI #eM0HCTpaHT0B CO-mJincb Ha njiorna^n. Columns ofdemonstrants converged in the-
square.
2. to suit one another. Ohh co-
inJincB xapaKTepaMH. They suit-
ed one another.
cu;eha /.
1. stage. Oh BLiraeji na cneny. Hecame on to the stage.
2. scene. HnTepecuaa cneea bcnenTaKJie. An interesting scene
in a play.
<> Couth co enenbi. To leave the
stage.
CHACTJIftB|LIlI [macjiHBtiri], -an,
-oe, -Bie, short form eqaCTJiHB, -a,
-o, -bi; adv. ciiaCTJ7HB0
1. happy. CnacTJiiiBan jkh3hb. Ahappy life. CnacTJiHBBiH *ieJiO-
bok. A happy man. KaK a ciiacT-
jiiib! How happy I am!2. lucky. Tbi CHacTJiHBBiii! You're
lucky!
<> CuacTJiHBoro nyTii! A happyjourney!
C^IACTBE [m.acTBe] neut., no pi.
1. happiness. EojiBmoe c^acTBe.Great happiness. 5Kejiaio BaMc^acTBH 1 I wish you happiness!
2. good luck.
<> c^acTBe, Taw h paROCTB.(proverb). Where there is happi-ness, there is joy.
C^IIITAjTB [rnnraTB], -io, -eim>, -iot
imp.1. KOTO? HTO?/j). COCHIITalTB, -io,
-euiB, -iot to count. CocinraTB,)io era. To count to one hundred.
C^HTaTB no nopn^Ky. To count
in the order in which things are.
GnriTaTB jieHBrn. To count
money.2. KOTO? 1T0? K6M? H e m? to
consider, to think. H cmirinTe6fi cbohm ApyroM. / considered
you to be my friend. C^HTaio,tito tbi nocTyni'iJi npaBHJiBHO.
emu 144 TAJI
/ think you acted in the
right way.
CmilTb see HIIITBCh^SjS, m. congress
napTHHHHH CLe3j^. A party con-
gress. Ci>e3fl npo$coi030B. A trade-
union congress.
CTjESjJJIITB, ->Ky, -jiiniib, -^ht p.
KyAa?& + m/. (cf. £3flHTB) to
go to some place and returnG'tesAiiTb b Apyron ropofl. To goto another town (and come back).
Ctes/uixb OTflOXHyTt. To go on aholiday.
CBES/EAjTB, -10, -emb, -iot imp.Ky^a? OTKyaa? / p. CLexaTb,cteAly, -emb, -yT to go (come)downC'LexaTB c ropw. To go (come) downthe hill.
CT>E3>KA|TBC>I, 1st & 2nd pers. sing,
not used, 3rd pers. -eTcn, -iotchimp.jp. ctexaTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers.
sing, not used, 3rd pers. clcaIgtch,-yTCH to come together, to gatherK neqepy naqajin ci>e3JKaTLCH ro-
cth. Towards evening the guestsbegan to arrive.
(TbECTb see ECTB 1
CBEXATB see CT>E3>KATBCBEXATBCH see CBE35KATBCHCLirPATB see HFPATBCBIII m., pi. cLinoBtH, CLiHOBeit son
GrapnmH cliii. The eldest (elder)
son. MjiaAHii5H clih. The youngest(younger) son.
CLIP m., pi. -Li cheeseByTep6po^[ c CLipoM. A cheese sand-
wich.
€BIP|OH, -as, -6e, -lie; adv. CLipo
1. damp. Ctjpan 3GMJia. Dampearth. Cupou B03#yx. Damp air.
CLipan KOMnaTa. A damp room.
|predic. impers. 3j\ecb o^enb
CLipo. It is very damp here.
2. raw, unboiled. Cbipoe mhco.Raw meat. Gbipoe mojioko. Un-boiled milk.
d>IT|BIH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short formcht, CHTa, cht[o, -Li replete
H cut. / am full.
CIOJJA adv. Kyzta? hereH npnmeji cio#a yTpoM. / camehere in the morning.
T, T
TABAK m., gen. -a tobaccoKpenKHH Ta6aK. Strong tobacco.
KypiiTB Ta6aK. To smoke tobacco.
TAEJIflIJA /. table
TadJinna yMHOJKenim. The multi-
plication table. TaSjinna BLiiirpLi-
men. The list of winning numbers.TA0HA /. mystery
TaiiHLi npnpdflLi. Mysteries of na-
ture. XpamkB b TaiiHe. To keep
secret. flep>KaTB b TaHHe. To keep(something) secret.
TAK adv.
1. as. ftejiaTb thk, Kan nyjKHO.To do as one should. Mm Tan >Ke
flOBOJIBHH nOC3flKOH, KaK H BH.We are as pleased with the trip
as you are.
2. so. On TaK mhoto xojiitji, htoycraJi. lie walked so much that
he got tired.
3. as part of compound conj. TaKnan as, TaK xito so.
<> H Tan flaJiee. And so on. TaKCKa3aTi>. So to speak. TaK na3braa-eMMiL So-called. TaK ce6e. So-so.
TaK h 6biTb. Let it be so. He TaKJin? Is it not so?
TAK3KE adv. also
MH TilKJKC 6lijiii jxobojibhli. Wewere also pleased.
TAK|OH, -an, -6e, -He pron.
1. such. TaKon Beqep h 6yfly uou-HiiTB ftOJiro. Til remember such
an evening for a long time.
2. so. GerojiHH TaKan xopomaa no-
ro#al Today the weather is so
good!
3. the same as. Oh Kymfji TaKyio>Ke Knnry, Kan h tlx. He bought
the same book as you did.
<> B TaicoM CJiy^ae. In this case.
TaKHM 66pa30M. In this way.
Hto TaKoe? What's that?
TAKCfl neut.tindecl. taxi
JlerKOBoe TaKcn. A taxi-cab. ExaTBna TaKCH. To go by taxi. HaM ny>KH0B3HTB TaKcn. We should take a taxi.
BLi3BaTb TaKcn no Tejie^ony. Tocall a taxi by telephone.
TAJIAHT m. talent, gift
y Hero 6ojibmoH TaJiaHT. He is very
gifted.
TAJ1 145 TEM
TAJIAHTJIHB|LIS, -aa, -oe, -ne tal-
ented, gifted
TajiaHTJiiiBHH yqeHHH, niicaTejib.
A gifted scientist, writer. TaJiaHT-
jinBan paSoxa, KHHra. A work, book
of great talent.
TAM adv. r jx e? there
TaM H<HBeT moh OTeii;. My father
lives there. TaM, r,ne n pofti'uiCH,
cymecxByeT mhofo iiHTepecHnxoStmaeB. Where I was born, there
exist many interesting customs.
T,4H|EU; m.fgen. -na dance
BHCTpLiii Taneq. A quick dance.
HcnoJiHHTb napoAHHH TaHen. Toperform a folk dance. IIocemaTBniKOJiy TanneB. To attend a dancingschool.
TAHmEBATk, -yio, -yenib, -yiOTimp. a to? to danceTanneBaTb Bajibc. To dance a waltz.
TanneBaTb c AeByniKOU. To dancewith a girl.
TAPEJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok plate
rJTy6oKaa TapeJiKa. A soup plate.
MeJinaa TapeJiKa. A flat plate. EctbH3 TapeJiKn. To eat from a plate.
TAHJflTB, Tamy, Tarnnnib, TamaT imp.1. koto? ti t o? to carry. TainHTb
MeniOK. To carry a sack.
2. HI 0? p. BHTam,|HTb, -y, -Hfflb,
-aT to pull out. BbiTain;HTb rB03,nb
H3 cTeHM. To pull a nail out ofthe wall.
TA|HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rdpers. -cr, -jot imp, Ip. pacra|HTb,
1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers.
-eT, -iot
1. to thaw. Cner TaeT. The snow is
thawing.
2. only imp., fig. to dwindle, to
waste away. 3anachi t&iot. Thesupplies are dwindling. Bojibhohraex na rjia3ax. You can see the
sick man waste away.
TBEPfllblK, -afl, -oe, -He, short formTBepA, TBepaa, TBepfllo, -h; adv.
TB&pJIO
1. solid. TBep^oe t6jto. A solid
substance.
2. hard. Tsep^an 3eMJin. Hardground.
3. fig. firm, sound. TBepflLie 3na-
hhh. Sound knowledge. ITpiiHHTb
TBep^oe peineirae. To take a
firm decision.
TBOlt, tboa, TBoe, tboh pron. your(s)TBOPHECTBO neut.
tno pi. creative
workTBop^ecTBo niojroxoBa. Sholokhov'sworks. PacnBeT TBopaecTBa. Theheight of one's creative activity. Ha-poAHoe TBOp^iecTBO. The creative
work of the people.
TEATP m. theatre
TeaTp onepn n 6ajieTa. A theatre
of opera and ballet. flpaMaTH^ecKnnTeaTp. A play-house. CMOTpeTb bTeaTpe HOByio ribecy. To see a newplay at a theatre. XojiiiTb b TeaTp.To go to the theatre,
TEJIEB03OP m. television set
CMOTpeTb nepe^aqy no TCJieBnsopy.To watch a television programme.BKJIIO^HTb (BHKJIIO^IITb) Te jieBi$3op,
To turn on (off) television.
TEJIEPPAMMA /. telegramCpoqnaa TejierpaMMa. An urgenttelegram. HocjiaTb (#aTb) TejierpaM-
My. To send a telegram.
TEJIErPAO m., no pi. telegraph-
office
I^eHTpaJibHbiii T6Jierpa$. The central
telegraph-office. HftTir na Tejierpa<J>.
To go to the telegraph-office. Pa66-TaTb na Tejierpa^e. To work at a
telegraph-office.
TEJTEOOH m. telephoneHoMep Tejie(J)6na. A telephone num-ber. MetfvftyropoAHnn tcjic^oh. Atrunk line. ToBopnTb no TCJie^ony.To speak over the telephone.
<> Tejie{f)6n-aBT0MaT\ A public te-
lephone.
TEJI|0 neut., pi. -a1. substance. TBep^oe t6jio. A so-
lid substance. >KiiAKoe t<3jio. Aliquid substance.
2. body. HacTir TeJia. Parts of the
body.
TEMA /. subject, themeTeMa ypoKa. The subject (theme) of
a lesson. TeMa #0KJia,ua. rphe sub-
ject of a report.
TEMH|BlIi, -an, -oe, -ne, adv. tcmho1. dark. TeMnan KOMnaTa. A dark
room.|predic. impers. Ha yjiiine
TeMHO. It is dark outside.
2. dark. TeMHbin koctiom. A dark
suit. TeMHHe bojioch. Dark hair,
TeMHHe rJia3a. Dark eyes.
TEM 146 TE4
3. fig. dark. Tcmiihg chjih. Darkforces.
TEMli m, tempo, speed, rate
Bbicxphin TeMn. A quick tempo.
Tomi'j peMii. The tempo (speed) of
speech, Teuuu pasBiixnn 3koh6mii-
kh. The rate of economic development.
TEMllEPATyPA /.
1. temperature. TeMnepaxypa boali.
The temperature of water. IIsMe-
ptiTb xeMnepaxypy. To take a
temperature.
2. temperature. V nero BbicoKanxeMiiepaxypa. Tie has a hightemperature.
||colloq. high tem-
perature, fever, y pe6enKa TeM-
nepaxypa. The child has a fever,
TEIIb /., prepos. b xemi shade; shad-ow.Tem> OT ^epesa. The shade of a
tree. Cnjiexb b xeim. To sit in the
shade. Oh Cohjich c66cTBennoir xe-
iiii. He was afraid of his own shadow.
TEOPHH /. theoryHaytman Teopirn. A scientific theory.
Ii3y iiaTi> Teopino. To study atheory. CoeAnnaxb Teopino c npan-titkoh. To combine theory with prac-tice.
TEflEPL adv. nowTenepb oh auiBex b Cnonpn, a
paHbnie pa6oTaji n Mockb6. Now he
lives in Siberia, but before he workedin Moscow.
TEIIJ1|I>1M, -a>r, -oe, -Lie, short formxeneji, xenJija, -6, -li; adv. xenJio
1. warm. Tenjian KOMnaxa. A warmroom. TeriJibrii B03Ayx. Warmair. PasBO 6to ropnunii cyn? Ohuyxb TenJTMH. Do you call this
hot soup? It is hardly warm.Teruioe naJibxo. A warm coat.
|
predic. impers. (is) warm. Mnexenjio. I feel warm. 3,n;ecb xenjio.
It is warm here.
2. fig. warm, cordial. Tenjjbie qyu-CTBa. Warm feelings. Onri Teruio
npocTirjincb c rocTHMii. Theysaid good-bye to their guests cor-
dially.
TEPHEJlflBIMfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short
form TepnejiHB, -a, -o, -li; adv. xcp-
nejiiiBo patientTepnejinBHii yuuxejib. A patient
teacher. TepneJiiiBO o6x>HCiinxb. Toexplain patiently.
TEPiT|Tb, -io, -euib, -iox imp. koto?mO? /p. HOTepJJ|Tb, -10, -GLUb, -IOT
1. to lose. Iloxepnxb cyMny. To lose
one's bag.
2. fig. to lose. Tcpj'iTb jipyra. Tolose a friend. TepaTb nafle?K#y.
To lose hope, Tcpnxb cjryx. Tolose one's hearing. Tepaxb BpeMH.To waste time.
<> TcpaTb rojiooy. To lose one's
head. Bli ne biiacjiii 3Ty Kapxn-iiy? Her? Bbi imuer-6 ne noTe-pjTJiri. "Have you seen this pic-
ture? No? You have missednothing."
TECII|LIM, -an, -oe, -Lie, snort formxecen, xecea, Tecn|o, -li; adv. tocho1. cramped. Tecnan KBapxnpa. A
cramped flat.\
predic. impers.
oJtecb xecno. There is no room here.
2. tight. TecHbie Soxhhkii. Tightshoes. PySauiKa Mne Tocua. Theshirt is too tight for me.
3. close. Elixb xecno CBnaaniiLiM
c kcm-jih6o. To be closely con-
nected with somebody.
TETPAflb /. copy-bookTojicxaa xexpajib. A thick copy-book.
ToiiKan xexpa^b. A thin copy-book.
OCmiaa xexpaAb. A thick,
general-
purpose copy-book. TexpaAb b jiii-
neiiKy. A lined copy-book, niicaxbb TeTpa^n. To write in a copy-book.
TETil /. auntTEXHIIKA /., no pi.
1. technique, technology. Depe/io-Baa xexunna. Advanced technol-
ogy. ObJia/iexb tcxhhkoh. Tomaster technique.
2. technique. Teximna nrpbi naCKpniiKC. The technique of play-ing the violin.
TEXHfmECKIHH, -an, -oe, -tie
1. technical. TexnrmecKiiH nporpecc.Technical progress
.
2. technical. TexmmecKiiM hhctii-
Tyx. A technical institute.
3. technical. TexHimccKaa paGoxa.Technical work.
TEHEIIHE neut. current, streamHif/Kuec xeneune pciui. The lower
reaches of the river.
<> IIJiWTb no Te iieinno (npoxncTeucmifl). To go with (against) the
stream.
TE lI 147 TOH
TE|HL, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rdpers. -hSt, -Kyi, past tck, Tenjjia,
"Jio, -jih imp.
1. to flow, to stream. Pena Te*iex.
The river flows. Ho Jinny ee
T6KJTH cne3H. Tears were streamingdown her cheeks.
2. fig. to fly by. Bpenn Tenex He-
3aMeTHO. Time goes by imper-ceptibly.
T0X|Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne, short formtux, Tiixa, ti'ix|o, -h; adv. thxo;comp. Tikoe
1. soft. Thxhh roJioc. ^4 so// yoice.
Tiixo iictb. To si/zg" softly. Pobo-pir Tiimel Don't speak so loudl
2. quiet. Tiixoe yTpo. A quiet morn-ing.
3. quiet. Trixrin pe6en0K. A quiet
child.
THfflHHA /., no pi. silence
riojinaji Titmiuta. Complete silence.
HapymaTB TiraniHy. To break the
silence, GTOflJia MepTBan THniima.It was dead silent.
TKAHB /. fabric
LIIepcTHnaa TKant. A woollen fabric.
TO particle thenEcjiii 6yfleT BpeMH, to h npnsy.// / have time Til come.
TO... TO conj. now... nowTO TBI rOBOpHETB OAHO, TO RpyBOe,— KaK me Miie Te6e BepHTB? Nowyou say one thing, now another,
how am I to believe you?TOBAP m.
1. ware. ripoMHaiJieiiHHe TOBapti.
Industrial wares.
2. usu. pi. goods. ToBapH ranpOKO-ro noTpeSjieniifl. Consumer goods.
TOBAPH ID; m.1. friend. Bepntin TOBapiira;. A true
friend.
2. used in addressing people: ToBa-puiH He-rpoBa! Comrade Petrova!
ToBapum Bojikob! Comrade Vol-
kovf
TOrjJA adv.
1. tben. r^e tbi 6hji b inojie? — H6biji Tor;;a b flpyroM ropo#e."Where were you in July? 77 111
was then in another town."
2. tben. Tli ne 3Haenn> sxoro?Tor^a B03LMH Kiinry n npo Tin-
Tan I "You don't know that? Thentake the book and read it!"
3. then. Korfla npoqirraio Kmiry,TorAa OTftaM ee Te6e. When Ihave read the book I'll give it
back to you.
T(3 ECTf> conj. that is (to say)
Ceiiqac Mapx. H BepnycB b nione,
to ecTB nepe3 #Ba Mecana. Now it
is March. I'll come back in June,that is in two months.
T02EE adv. also
H tojko npiifly na Beriep. I'll also
come to the evening-party. H TOJKe
ycTaJi. / am also tired. Tli ne xo-
neiHb 3Toro? H t6/kc "You don't
wa?it that? Neither do I."
TOJIHA /., pi. TOJinti crowdToJina JiiQReii. A crowd of people.
TOJICT|I>lS, -an, -oe, -He, short formtojict, TOJiCTa, tojict|o, -li; comp.TOJime1. thick. TojicTan HHTKa. A thick
thread. ToJicraa Knnra. A thick
book.
2. fat. Tojictbih nejioBeK. A fat man.TOJlbKO
1. adv. only. B KOMnaTe tojibko
ojjhh CTyJi. There is only one
chair in the room. Oh npnexaJi
tojibko B^iepa. He came only
yesterday.
2. conj. only, H coraaceH, tojibko
ne ceiiHac. / agree, only not now.
3. particle only. Tojibko 6bi yexaTbt"
/ wish only to go away I H 3a-iieM tojibko oh caejian sto? Whyon earth did he do that?
4. as part of compound conj. a) tojib-
ko *ito just. Oh tojibko hto npn-meji. He has just come, b) KaKtojibko the moment. KaK tojibko
mbi BomjiH b 3aji,... The momentwe entered the hall...
TOH m, toneBpa>KAe6HBiH toh. A hostile tone.
rOBOpHTL ^pyHCeuKHM TOHOM. Tospeak in a friendly tone.
TOHKIHS, -an, -oe, -He, short formtohok, TOHKa, tohk|o, -h; adv.
tohko; comp. TOHBHie1. thin. ToHKan TeTpafffc. A thin
copy-book. Tohkog AepeBO, A thin
tree. ToHKHe 6pOBH. Fine eye-
brows. Tohko nape3aTB CHp ;To
cut the cheese thin.
2. thin. Tohkhh tojioc. A thin
voice.
TOH 148 TPA
3. delicate, keen. Tohkhh BKyc. Adelicate taste. Tohkiih cnyx. Akeen ear.
4. fine. Kojibho tohkoh paSoTH. Aring of fine workmanship.
<> r^e tohko, tslm h pecTca (prov-
erb). Gf. The strength of a chain
is determined by its weakest link.
TOHHA /. tonBecoM b 500 tohh. 600 tons in
weight.
TOH^TIi, TOHy, Tonernb, tohvt imp.
1. p. ooTonyTb, noTOiiy, noTonemb,dotohvt to sink. KopaSjib no-
Tonyji. The ship has sunk.
2. p. yxonyTb, yxony, yxoiieniL,
yTonyT to get drowned. Meljib-
HHK yTOHyji b pene. The boy got
drowned in the river.
3. no p. to sink. MeTaaji xoneT b
BOjje. Metal sinks in water.
TOITCBJ1H /. trade
BHenraaa ToproBJifl. Foreign trade.
BnyTpeHHHH ToprOBJia. Home trade.
ToprOBJia OBomaMH. The vegetable
trade. Pa3BHBaTb ToproBJiio. To de-
velop trade.
TOP5KECTBEHH| blfi, -an, -oe, -tie;
adv. TOpjKecTBeeno1. festive. Topx^ecTBennHH .iieHb.
A festive day.
2. solemn. TopJKecTBeHHiin toh.
A solemn tone.
TOPOnflTbCH, ToponJiiocB, Toponnmb-ch, ToponaTcn imp. to hurryToponnTBCfl B TeaTp. To hurry to
the theatre.
TOT pron.
1. that. Tot #om. That house. B tot
#enb. (On) that day.
2. other. Ha toee cTOpone. On the
other side. Ha tom 6epery. Onthe other bank.
3. : Mm yBepenM b tom, hto.,.
We are sure that... H cnporay
y Toro, kto 3naeT. Til ask some-
body who knows.
4. that. 9to tot #om? Is that the
house? 9to Ta Benib? Is that the
thing? 9to He Ta Benib! This is
not the thing! 3to coBceM ne to!
It is not that at all!
H tot h flpyroii. Both (one and
the other). Hh tot nn flpyroii.
Neither (one nor the other). Totnee, tot >Ke eaMbifi. The same
one, the very same one. B TyjKe MHHyTy. That very moment.Ojiho n to tf<e. The (very) samething. JJejio b tom, *ito... Thething is that... Hue He ro topo.I've other things to attend to.
XI toMy noAoSnoe (n t. n.). Andso on (etc.).
5. as part of compound con].: bmoctoToro, Hf66hi instead of; tom hoMenee nevertheless; nocjie ToroKaK after, following; #0 Toronan, nepe^ t6m KaK before; ne-CMOTpfi Ha to, riT0 in spite of the
fact that; b to BpeMH KaK whileT0H|KA/., gen. pi. -eK point, full stop
IToCTaBHTb TOHKy. To put a full
stop.
<> ToqKa c 3anaT0ii. A semi-colon. ToHiia 3pemiH. One' s point ofview. C Moeii tomm 3peHiia. Frommy standpoint
.
TOHHjMIl, -an, -oe, -bie, short formToaen, Toana, Toanjo, -h; adv.
TOaHO1. exact. Toaabin nepeBOfl. An
exact translation. T6aao 3iiaTb.
To know for certain. ToaHbie aa-
Cbi. A good time-keeping watch.Toanoe BpeMfl. The exact time.
2. punctual. Tohhlih aejiOBeK. Apunctual man.
<> ToMHbie nayKH. The exact sciences.
TPABA /., pi. TpaBbi
1. grass. Seaeaaa TpaBa. Greengrass. BbicoKaa TpaBa. Tallgrass.
2. only pi. herbs. JleKapcTBenHtieTpaBbi. Medicinal herbs.
TPAKTOP m., pi. TpaKTopa, TpaKTO-pos & TpaKTopH, TpaKTopos tractor
TPAMBAH m. tram^BaauaTb uiecTOH TpaMBan. A num-ber 26 tram. RxaTb na TpaMBae. Togo by tram. CecTb na TpaMBau. Totake a tram. Cohth c TpaMBaa. Toget off the tram.
TPAHCnOPT m., no pi. transportTopo/rCKon TpaucnopT. City trans-
port. Bitah TpaecnopTa. Kindsof transport.
TPA|THTI> -ay, -THinb, -tht imp.it o? na aro?/p. iiCTpa|THTb,
-ay, -Tiiinb, -TaT to spendTpaTHTb aeHbrn na nnTanne. Tospend money on food. McrpaTHTb
TPE 149 ipy
MBoro #eHer. To spend much money.Oh TpaTUT Miioro BpeMemi na po-
pery. He spends a lot of time trav-
elling.
TPEB|OBATt», -yio, -yenib, -ywTimp. ito? or q e r 6? y k o r 6?
ot Koro?-fiTo6H or -\-inf.l
p. noTpe6|OBaTL, -yio, -yeinb, -yioT
1. to demand. H Tpe6yio cjiosa. /demand the right to be heard.
YqiiTeJiB Tpe6oBaji, ht66h mh^eJiaJiH AOMamHHe savanna. Theteacher demanded that we shoulddo our home- task.
2, to take. 3Ta pa6oTa xpe6yeT mho-ro BpeMCXin, This work takes a
lot of time.
TPEB()H\H|I>l£i, -an, -oe, -He, short
form TpeBOJKen, TpeBO>KH|a, -o, -m;
adv. TpeBOJKHO1. anxious. TpeBo>KHLiii Barjuifl.
An anxious look.
2. alarming. TpeBOJKHoe noJiOHce-
HH6 . An alarming situation. Tpe-BOJKHoe BpsMH. An uneasy time.
TpeBOHCHHe hobocth. Alarmingnews.
TP<5rA|TB, -io, -ernb, -iot imp, ko-to? a to? qeM?/p. Tp6n|yTb, -y,
-emB, -yT (momentaneous action) &noTpora|TB, -io, -euib, -iot
1. to touch. SKcnonaTH b My3eeHejiL3ff TporaTb pyKaMH. Theexhibits in the museum should
not be touched. Euy xorejiocb
noTporaxt Kaacflyio Bemb- Hewanted to touch every thing.
2. p. only TpouyTb fig. to move.3to ero ne TporaeT. It doesn't
move him. Mena sto oaenb Tpo-
Hyjio. It moved me deeply.
3. p. only TpoiiyTb to touch. HeTporauTe ero! Leave him alone/
TPOE num. three
Tpoe CTy^eETOB. Three students.
Y Hero Tpoe fleTen. He has three
children. Hac 6hjio Tpoe. Therewere three of us. ITpomJio TpoecyTOK. Three days had passed.
TPOJIJlMBYC m;
trolleybus
riHTLiii TpoJiJieuSyc. A number 5trolleybus. OcTanoBKa TpoJiJieuSyca.
A trolleybus stop. Exaxb ua Tpoji-
JieuSyce. To go by trolleybus. CecTbHa TpoJUieu6yc. To take a trolley-
bus. Couth c xpojiJieii6yca. To get
off the trolleybus.
TPOHYTb see TPOFATBTPyBA /., pi. xpy6n
1. tube. npoH3BOACTBO Tpy6. Pro-duction of tubes.
2. chimney. 3aB0ACKaa Tpy6a. Afactory chimney. Tpy6a AOMa.The chimney of a house.
3. trumpet. MrpaTb na Tpy6e. Toplay (to blow) the trumpet.
TPYE|KA /., gen. pi. -ok pipeKypuTb Tpy6Ky. To smoke a pipe.
TPyj]; m., gen. -a
1. no pi. work; labour. yMCTBeHHHHTpyA- Brain work. tDH3naeciaiH
Tpya;. Manual work.
2. difficulty. Oh c TpyAOM BCTaa.
He stood up with difficulty. OhBLiyqnn bto 6e3 Tpyfla . Helearned it without any difficulty.
3. work. Hay^tibiu Tpyft. A scien-
tific work. TpyAH ferejia. Theworks by Hegel.
TPy#flTBCH, Tpy>Kycb, TpyMnmbca,xpy^aTCH imp. to workJTaSopaTopnH TpyAUTca naA perne-
HHeM 3toii saAaan. The laboratory
works absolving this problem.
TPySHIBIII, -aa,1
-oe, -He, short formTpy£eH, Tpy^ua, TpyAQ|°, a^v -
xpyAHo1. difficult. TpyjiHBiu 9K3aMeH. A
difficult examination. TpyAHoe3afl;aHiie. A difficult task. HaMTpyAHO nonaTb Bac. It is diffi-
cult for us to understand you.
3ra KHiira Tpy^na gtm Bac. Thisbook is too difficult for you.
2. difficult, hard. Tpy^Haa o6cTa-
HOBKa. A difficult situation.
TpyAHoe BpeMa. A hard time.
TPy#OB|OM, -an, -oe, -ne1. working, labour. Tpy^oBoe boc-
HHTaHne. Labour education.
2. working. Tpy^OBaa MOjio/ie?Kb.
Working youth.
3. hard-earned. TpyAOBbie A^Hbra.Hard-earned money.
4. working. TpyAOBOH AGHb. Theworking day.
<> TpyAOBbie pe3epBbi. Labour-re-
serves
TPy,H^n(|Haca m.t
gen. -eroca
workerTpyAaniHeea Bcex cxpan. The workers
TPy 150
of the world. GoueTBi AenyraTOBTpyAHmiixCH. Soviets of workers'
deputies.
TPyC m. cowardOh OKa3aJica TpycOM. He turnedout to be a coward.
TPyCbl no sing, shorts
CnopTCMeiiH 0HJIH b KpacHLix Maii-
Kax h nepnbix xpycax. The sports-
men Wore red jerseys and black
shorts.
TPIiII|KA /., gen. pi. -ok rag, dusterOrapaTb nwjib TpnnKOH. To removedust with a rag. Mht& noji Tpan-koh. To wash the floor with a rag.
TYftA adv. k y a? there
Bot Mara3i3H, ho mu xy^a ne noii-
aeM. Here is the shop, but we shall
not go there. KaK n;oexaTb a;o nen-Tpa? — Tyfla mohsho exaTb na MeT-po. "How can I get to the centre?"—"You can get there by the under-ground." Bli ii^ere He xyfta. You arenot going the right way.
TyMAH m. mist, fogYTpeHHiiH Ty&ian. A morning mist.
TycToii TyMan. A dense fog. Hayjitine cerOflHfl TyMan. It is foggyoutside today.
TyniOIt, -aa, -6e, -Lie
1. blunt. TynoS hojk. A blunt
knife.
2. not pointed. Tynou hocok 6o-
THHKa. A rounded toe-cap.
3. fig. meaningless. Tynou E3rJiHfl,
A meaningless look.
4. fig. dull. Tyaon yqeniiK. A dullpupil, a dunce.
5. fig. dull. Tynan 6ojib. A dull
pain.
TyPHCT m. tourist, hikerTypUCTLI XOJIHJIH B JieTHKH nox6#.The hikers went on a summer walk-ing tour. HuoCTpauHBie TypncTH.Foreign tourists.
TYT adv. r^e? (colloq.) hereTyr ctoht ctoji, a raM — AHBaH.There is a table here, and a divanover there.
Ty<DJIH pl.f
gen. pi. TytJmJib; sing.
Ty<JwiH /. shoesKowaHHe Ty$Jiir. Leather shoes.
Ty({)Jin Ha bhcokom (hh3kom) na6-JiyKe. High-(low-)heeled shoes, $0-Manrane Ty$an. Slippers.
TSHA f.
1. cloud. ^epiiLie reymi. Blackclouds. H it3kne Tyqii. Low clouds.
2. fig. cloud. Tymi nuim. Cloudsof dust.
Thl pron.tgen., acc. ie6n, dat. Te6e,
instr. To66ii, prepos. Te6e youTh mou spyr. You are my friend.
^to th AeJiaeiHb ceitqac? What areyou doing now?<> BbiTb 11a «tm» c k6m-jih6o. Tothee-and-thou somebody.
TBIJI m.t
prepos. b THjry; pi. tlijih
rear
Thji H cjjpoiir. The rear and the
front. Pa66'raTB b TLiJiy. To workon the home front.
TIOPkMA /., pi. tiopbmli, TiopeM,TioptMaM, etc. prisonTTocaxa'iTB b TioptMy. To put into
prison. BpoCHTB b TiopLMy . To flinginto prison. Cimexb b TiopbMe. Tobe in prison.
TH?KEJI|blfi, .-aa, -oe, -Lie, short formthjkcji, TH>KeJi|a, -6, -li; adv. th-H^eJio
1. heavy. Th^kSjiwh hhiiik. A heavybox.
Ipredic. impers. Te6e Tfime-
Jio HecTu Stot leMOflraH. It is
difficult for you to carry that
suit-case.
2. fig. hard, difficult. TnjKeJiaa
pa6oTa. Hard work. Tamejiaa?iai3Hb. A hard life. Tn>Kejioe3a£ainie. A difficult task. V He-
ro 6mia TH^nejiaa mojiojioctb. Hehad a hard youth, V Hero THJKe-
Jibra xapaKTep. He is a difficult
person. CoBepimiTb THH\ejioe npe-CTynjieHHe. To commit a heinouscrime. Tamejiaa 6ojie3Hb. A graveillness. TflJKejiaa onepanitn. A se-
rious operation. Ta>KeJioe qyBCTBO.A hard feeling. TH>K(ijibiH #eiib. Ahard day.
\predic. impers. Mile
thjkcjio BcnoMiinaTb 06 6tom. It
is painful for me to recollect that.
<> y nee xa>KeJi6 na Ayme. Shehas misgivings. TniKeJian npo-MbimjieHHOCTb. The heavy in-
dustry.
TlfHYTB, THny, THHemb, THiiyT imp.koto? hto? /p. noTHHyTb, no-Tany, nOTHiieuib, noTHiiyr1. to pull. Oh noxHuyji OTHa aa
y 151 YBE
pyKaB. He pulled his father's
sleeve.
2. colloq., fig. to draw out. He tjihh,
paccKaabiBaii 6biCTpee. Don'tdraw it out, say it quickly.
O TmivTh c 0TB6T0M. To delay
one's answer.
y
y prep, -j- gen.
1. by. Ctoji ctoiit y OKHa. Thetable is by the window.
2. at. H ?KiiDy y 6paxa. I live at
my brother's.
3. from. H y3naJi y Moero yqi'iTeJin
MHoro HHTepecnoro. / learned a
lot of interesting things from myteacher. Mow TOBapnm bshji yMean MOio KHiiry. My friend has
borrowed a book from me.4. : y nee 6ojiht roJiOBa. She has a
headache.
5. : y Meii« ecTt Stot jKypnaJi. /
have got that m.agazine. V TOBa-
puma 6ojiLinaa ceMba. My friend
has a large family.
yBEflflTb see yBE5KflATByBEAlITbCH see YBE JK ATbCHyBE5KflA|TJE>, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
koto? b n e m? & + inf-/p- y^e~
R|hti>, 1st pers. sing, not used, -Hinb,
-jit to convince, to persuadeHam HHJKenep y6ejjfiji nac b
npaBHJibHOCTH cBoero npoeicra.
Our engineer has convinced us
of the correctness of his project.
Mti yfieflHjrii TOBapiinia nocry-iihtb b HHCTflTyT. We persuadedour friend to enter an institute.
yEE3Kfl£|T£>CH, -iocs, -embCH, -iot-
ch imp. b qeM?/ p. y6e#luTBCH,1st pers. sing, not used, -huibch,
-htcjt to get convincedy6e#HTbCK b BepnocTii ftpyra. Toget convinced of one's friend's loyal-
ty. Mbi y6e/inJiiicb b tom, tito ejto
npaB^a. We got convinced that it
was true.
yBIIBA|TB, -io, -ems, -iot imp. k o r 6?
iTO?/p. v6htl, y6b|to, -emt, -iot
1. tO kill. YoHTb BOJIKa H3 py>Kba.To kill a wolf with a gun.y6uTb hojkom. To kill with a
knife.
2. fig. to kill. H3BecTiie o CMepTii
Cbtiia y6bex ee. The news of her
son's death will kill her.
<> XoTb yf>eii, ne 3iiaio. / couldn't
tell you to save my life.
yEIIPA-lTB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. q t o?/
p. y6paTb, y6ep|y, -euib, -y r
r, past
ybpaJi, -a, yopaJi|o, -n
1. to remove. Y6paTb TeTpaAii
CO CTOJia. To take the copy-books
from the desk.
2. to put away. Y6pa.Tb khhth b
iUKa<J). To put away books in
a bookcase.
3. to gather (in). Y6paTb ypo>Kan.
To gather (in) the crops.
4. to tidy up. yopaTb KOMHajy
.
To tidy up the room. YopaTbnocTGJit. To make the bed.
YBflTB see YEHBATbYBPATb see YEHPATbYBA?KA|Tb, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-
to? h to? 3 a h t 6? to respect
>TBa>KaTb poAHTejieii. To respect
one's parents. YBa>KaTb TOBapiinia
3a CMCJiocTb. To respect one' s friend
for his bravery. Mbi aojitkiili yBa-
>Ka.Tb Hpyr flpyra. We must respect
one another.
yBA^KEHIIE neut., no pi. respect
IT6jib30BaTbCR yBa>KenneM TOBapn-in;eii. To be held in respect by one's
friends. H cj^ejiaJi bto hs yBa/Kennak spyry. / did that out of respect
for my friend.
yBEJIfiHHBAITb, -io, -emb, -iot imp.
HTO?/p. yBejiHujHTb, -y, -nnib, -aT
1. to increase. yBeJinuiiTb BbinycK
TKaHeii. To increase the output
of fabrics.
2. to raise. YBejinqnTb 3apa6oTnyionJia.Ty. To raise one's salary
(wages).
yBEJIMTOBAlTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers,
not used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch
imp.jp. yBeJin^lHTbCfl, 1st & 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch, -aT-
ch to increase, to growKojnriecTBO e/ry#eHTOB yBejiEran-
BaeTCfl. The number of students is
growing .
yBEJIflHIITb see YBEJIftTOBATByBEJIflTOTBCH see YBEMFIH
BATBCH
ybe 152 y/jo
yBEPEHH|Blfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv.
yBepenno1. part., short form yBepen, yBe-
pen|a, -o, -hi sure, cerbain.
yBepeHHLie b no6e^e, mh npo-/jOJDKajiH 6opb6y. Certain ofvictory, we continued the fight.
Mm ysepeHM b narnefi no6ene.We are sure of our victory. HysepeH b tom, tto oh npaB. / amsure he is right.
2. used as adj., short form yBe-
pen, yBepeHjna, -ho, -hm confi-
dent, sure. yBepeHHLie jjexiCTBHH.
Confident actions. Ero flBHHce-
hiih 6hjih 6hctph h yBepen-Hf»i. His actions were quick andsure. Oh rOBopiiJi yBepenno(adv.). He spoke confidently.
YBftftETb see BftREThYBJlEKAlTbCH, -rocb, -embCH, -iotch
imp. Ken? lieM?/ p. yBJiel^iBCH,
-Kycb, -HemLCH, -KyTCH, past yB-
. jieKCH, yBJieK|jracb, -jiocb, -jthcb to
be carried away, to be keen (on
doing something)yBJieKSLTBCH CHOpTOM, pa60TOH. Togo in for sports, to be carried awaywith one's work.
yrOJI m., gen. yrira, prepos. b yrJiy
1. corner, yroji ^OMa. The corner
of a house. Ctohtb na yrJiy yjin-
Hbi. To stand at the corner of the
street. CiiAeTb b yrJiy KOMnaTH.To sit in the corner of the room.
2. angle. Ilofl yrnoM 45° (copoK hhtbrpanycOB). At an angle of 45°.
<> XoftHTb n3 yrjia b yroji. Towalk up and down the room. Yroji3peHHH. A point of view. H3~3ayrjia. From round the corner.
yrOJIb m., gen. yrjia coal
KaMeHHHH yrojib. Coal. flo6biBaTbyrojib. To mine coal. yBeJiiranBaTb
Roftbiny yrjia. To increase the coal
output.
yrocTSTb see yronjlTByrOIDjAITL, -io, -enib, -iot imp. ko-
to? igm? / p. yro|cTHTb, -my,-CTHHib, -ctht to treat
yrocTHTb TOBapnnia *iaeM. To treat
one's friend to tea.
y#A|'BATLCtf, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp./
p. ynaTLCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used,
3rd pers. y^acTCH, y,ira#yTCH, past
yfla|Jica, -nacb, -jiocb, -jihcb
1. to be a success. Ohlit y^aJicn.The experiment was a success.
2. impers. k m y? -j- to man-age. Mne y^ajiocb npnexaTb HaBOK3aji BOBpeMH. / managed to
come to the station in time. HaMne ysaJiocb nonacTb Ha BLicTaB-
Ky, We didn't manage to get to
the exhibition.
yAAp m.1. blow, clap. Ghjibubih y#ap. A
strong blow, y^ap rpo&ia. A clap
of thunder.
2. fig. blow. 3xo jijih nero thjkcjihh
Vflap. This is a hard blow to him.<> BbiTb b yRape. To be at one's
best.
y^APHTB see YRAVfLThy^APHTLCH see y#APJlTbCHyAAPHHK m. shock-worker
y^apHHK KOMMyHHCTHHeCKOrO Tpy-#a. A shock-worker of communistlabour.
yflAP)l|TI>, -K), -emb, -iot imp. ko-to? h e m? no HeMy?B0HT0?/p. yftap|HTb, -10, -HHIb, -ht to
strike, to hit, to kick
y^apHTb hotoh b ^Bepb. To kick
at the door. y^apiiTb koto-^h6opyKOH no HJieny. To strike somebodyon the shoulder.
y^APillTBCH, -iocb, -embca, -hdtch
imp. 060 hto? ieM?/p. ysa-p|HTbCH, -IOCb, -HHIbCJI, -HTCfl
to strike oneself, to hit oneself
H yAapnJicH pyKOH o Kpan CTOJia.
/ knocked my hand against the edge
of the table.
yflATBCH see y^ABATBCHyflHBflTBCH see yjJHBJlHTBCHyflHBJlHlTBCH, -rocb, -embCH, -k»tch
imp. KOMy? h e m y?/p. yp;H]BuTb-
CH, -BJIMCb, -BBTflbCH, -BHTCH to besurprisedH yftHBHJiCH ero cjiobslm. / wassurprised at his words.
yflOBHjBlS, -an, -oe, -hie, short formy,n;66eH, yn66H|a, -o, -h; adv. yp;66H0
1. comfortable. y,a;66Hoe Kpecjio,
A comfortable chair. Oh y#66HOCH^eji b Kpecjie. He sat comfort-
ably in an armchair.|predic.
impers. (it is) comfortable. 3;n;ecb
o^enb y^66H0 pa66TaTb. It is very
153
comfortable to work here. BaMyftOOHO CH^eTb? Are you sitting
comfortably?
2. predic. impers. (it is) con-venient. y#66HO JIH TOBOpHTb06 3T0M? Isn't it awkward to
speak about that?
yaOBOJILCTBHE neut. pleasureKoHi^epT ^octslbhji MHe 6ojibm6eyAOBOJifcCTBHe. / enjoyed the concert
very much. E cjiyraan neBH,a c ynp-BOJibCTBHeM. / listened to the sing-
er with pleasure.
yE35KA[TI>, -10, -emb, -jot imp.
I
p. yexaTB, ye#|y, -emfc, -vt to goawayYexaTB OT^HxaTB. To go on one's
holiday. YexaTB H3 ropoAa b #epeB-hio. To go from town to the country.
OShhho oh ye3?KaeT Ha pa6oTypano yTpoM. He usually goes
to work early in the morning.
B nponuioM rouy a HHKy^a neyesJKan H3 #6Ma. Last year I didn't
go away anywhere.YEXATb see YE35KATI>y*3K particle emphasising the meaning
of the word to which it refers really
OneHB ym hjioxo oh cuejiaji bto.
He really did that very badly. Thym He roBopn eMy 06 3T0M. Don'tyou tell him about that.
y}KE adv. alreadyH yTKe HHTaJi 3Ty KHHry. / havealready read that book. Yme nopahath somoh. It's already time to gohome. Moee chh yHce B3p6cjTHH.My son is already grown-up.
SMMH m. supperXoJioflHBiH y)KHH. A cold supper.C'BecTb yjKHH. To eat one's supper.
IIpHroTOBHTB yjKHH. To cook one's
supper. BeceflOBaTB 8a yjKHHOM.To talk at supper. Cer6#Hff na y>KHHpii6a. There is fish for supper to-
day. Ilocjie y>KHHa. After supper.
>r/KHHA|TB, -so, -emb, -iot imp./
p. HOyH{HHa|Tb, -k>, -eini., -iot to
have supperBKycHO noyjKHHaTb. To have a tasty
supper.
SSEJl m., gen. y3Jia
1. knot. KpeHKHH y3eJi. A tight knot.
3aBH3aTB yaen. To tie a knot.
2. fig. knot. Vsen npoTHBope^nn.A knot of contradictions.
y3K|HK, -an, -oe, -ne, short formy30K, y3Ka, y3Kjo, -h; comp. yme1. narrow. ysKaa yjmna. A nar-
row street. y3Kiie 6pioKH. Nar-row trousers. BpiOKH ny>KHO c#e-jiaTb yH<e. The trousers must be
made narrower.
2. fig. narrow, particular, yanancnennaJibHOCTb. A narrow speci-
ality. y3KHe HHTepecbi. Narrowinterests.
3. only short form ysOK, y,3Ka f
-6, -h too tight. 3to nxraTbe y3-
ko MHe. This dress is too tight
for me.y3HA|BATB. -16, -ems, -iot imp./
p. v3Ha|Tb, -10, -emb, -iot
1. koto? h t 0? to recognise . fl
cpa3y y3naJi cboio y Jinny. J rec-
ognised my street at once.
2. ito? kom? h e m? tolearn. ysnaTb HHTepecHyio ho-
BOCTb. To learn interesting news.
Ot Hero mh y3Hajin nocjieA-
hhx co6bithhx. We learned the
latest events from him. y3HaTbMHoro HHTepecnoro.. To learn a
lot of interesting things.
3. to , know. Go BpeMenen mli
y3HaJiH ero Jiy^me. Later we got
to know him better.
y3HATb see y3HABATbyfiTfi see yXOSflTByKPACHTB see yKPAIflATbyKPACTL see KPACTbyKPAmA|Tb, -10, -ernb, -iot imp.
^to? *i
e
m? / p. yKpa|CHTb, -my,-CHTHB, -CHT1. to deck. yKpamaTb ropofl $Jia-
raMH. To deck a town with flags.
2. to decorate. HBeTii yKpaiaaiOTKOMHaTy. Flowers decorate a room.
yKPEHKTb see yKPEIIJI^TbyKPEHJlHlTb, -10, -emb, -iot imp.
ito? ^ e M?/p. yKpe|niiTb, -hjiio,
-nnnib, -EST1. to fortify. ynpenJiaTb ropo^- To
fortify a town.
2. fig. to strengthen. ynpenHTb3,n;op6Bbe. To strengthen one's
health. yKpenJiHTb n.pyJKecTBeii-
HLie CBH3H. To strengthen friend-
ly ties.
fj\m\A f.
1. street. TjiaBHan yjrnna.^ Themain street. H >KHBy na yjinne
yjiy 154 y/wbi
PopbKoro. / live in Gorky Street.
M^Tii no yjnme. To go along the
street.
2. outside. Bmhtii na y Jinny. Togo out. Ha yjiime xojio,u;iiee, qeM,a;6Ma. /£'s colder outside than in-
side.
yjiyWA|TB, -H), -enib, -k>t i/^.
hto?/ p. yjiy^iolHTB, -y, -Hint, -ax
to improveyjiyqtnaTb >Kii3H& Hapo^a. To im-
prove the people's life. yjiymnaxbycJiOBHH pa6oTH. To improve workingconditions.
yjiy^niAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -exca, -iotch imp. Ip.
yjiyqiulHTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -iitch, -aTCH to im-proveMoe 3#opoBbe yjiynurajiocb. Myhealth has improved. OTiiouieuHH
Me?Kfly 9THMII cxpanaMii yjiyqmaiOT-
ch. The relations between these coun-
tries are improving.yjiy^iiniiTb see yjiyqniATbyjiyHipiTbCH see yjiyhiiiatbchyjIBIBA|TBCH, -locb, -einbCH, -iotch
imp. k o m y? TieMy?/p. (momen-ta-neons action) yjibi6H|yxbCH, -ycb,
-euibCH, -yTCH to smileyjiH6HyTbca flpyry. To smile to afriend.
yjII>IB|KA /., gen. pi. -ok smilePa#0CTHaa yjiw6i<a. A joyous smile.
FoBOpiiTb c yjiLi6K0H. To say with
a smile. CMOTpexb na pe6eiiKa c
jiacKOBOH yjiH6K0H. To look at achild with a kind smile.
yjIHBHyTbCH see yjIBIEATBCHyM m.
1. no pi. intellect, mind, intel-
ligence, rJiy66khh yM. A pro-
found intellect. HejioBei; 6onh-moro yMa. A man of great in-
telligence.
2. intellect. Jlyqimie yMH nejioBe-
necTBa. The greatest intellects of
mankind
.
<£> OinTaTb b yMe. To count men-tally. Mne npiinijio na y»i. ^occurred to me. flejiaTb *it6-jih-
6o C vmom. To do something clev-
erly. Bo3bMHCb 3a yM. Be reason-
able. Cowth c yMa. To go mad.BbiTb 6e3 yMa ot Kor6-JiH6o.
To dole on somebody. BbiTb ee6e
na yMe. To know which side one's
bread is buttered on. Ym xopouio,a Aoa jiy'ime (proverb). Cf. Twoheads are better than one.
yMEHB IIIA ITB , -io, -emb, -iot imp.hto?/ p. yMeiibDj|HTb, -y, -mnb, -aTto lessen, to reduceyMeiibuiiTTb flaBjienne. To lessen
the pressure. yMenbiniiTb cnopocTb.To reduce the speed. yMeiibmiiTbKOJiri iiecTB0 pa66Hirx. To cut downthe number of workers.
yMEHBITIA|TBCH. 1st & 2nd pers.
not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -iotch
imp.jp. yMeHbm|HTbCH, 1st & 2ndpers. not used, 3rd pers. -htch,
-aTca to lessen, to decrease
flaBJieinre yMenbuninocb. The pres-
sure has decreased. PaccTOnnne mb>k-
^y naMit 6biCTpo yMeubma.nocb. Thedistance between us was fast growingshorter.
yMEHBHIHTB see yMEHBIUATByMEHBfflHTBCH see yMEHBIBATB-
CHyMEPETB see yMHPATByME|TB, -io, -enib, -iot imp. usu. -\-
imp. inf. I p. cyMe|Tb, -io, -euib, -iot
p. inf. to be able, can
H yMeio HHTaTb. I can read. OhyMeeT iirpaxb b TeHinic. He canplay tennis. Ona cyMCJia aoShtbchyBa?KeiniH. She succeeded in winningrespect.
yMHPA|TB^ -io, -emb, -k>t imp./
p. yMepexb, yMp|y, -enib, -yx, past
yMep, yMepJia, yMepji|o, -n
1. to die. yMepeTb b 6oi6. To die
in battle. yMepeTb ot rojiojja.
To die of hunger.
2. fig. to die. 3th ii%em ne yMpyT.These ideas are immortal.
O yMiipaTb co cMexy. To die of
laughing. yMtipaTb c rojiofly (fig.)-
To be starving.
yMH|BlK, -an, -oe, -bie, short formynen, yMHa, yMBjo, -h; adv. yMH6clever
yMH bill HCJiOBeK. A clever person.
Oh ynen. He is clever. Oh Beji ce-
6h yMno. He behaved cleverly.
yMBIBA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. ko-ro? hto? ne M?/p. yMHTb, yu6\w f
-emb, -iot to washyMblBaTb JIHHO XOJIOTIHOH BOflOH.
y/vtbi 155 ycji
To wash one's face with cold water.
"VMLiBaTS pe6eHKa. To wash a child.
yMWBAJTbCH, -iocb, -enibca, -iotch
imp. icm?/p, yMHTbCH, yMO|iocb,
-euibCH, -iotch to washyMHBaTbefl Tenjioii bo;j;6h. To washwith warm water. YMLiBaTtcfl c mh-jiom. To wash with soap.
yML'ITbCH see yMblBATbCHyHHBEPMAr m. department store
U(eHTpaJiLHHii yHHBepMar. The cen-
tral department store. KynifTB na jib-
to b yi-niBepMare. To buy an over-
coat at a department store.
yHHBEPCHTET to.
1. university. Mockobckhh rocy-^apcTBeHHHH yiniBepcnreT. Mos-cow State University. YmiTbcnb ynHBepcnTexe. To study at auniversity.
2. university. YmiBepciiTeT kvjil-
Typw. A university of culture.
yHIIHTO>KA |Tb , -io, -cum, -iot imp.koto? ii t o? h e m? /p . yHH iiTo-
>k|htb, -y, -Hint, -ar to destroyyHHHTO/KIITB Bpa>KCCKyio apMnio.To wipe out the enemy army.
yHIITTOXaiTb see yHIPITO/KATbyilACTb see HA^ATbynOTPEBIITb see Y1T0TPEE JItfTbynOTPEBJI5l|Tb
?-io, -emb, -iot imp.
mo?/p. ynoTpeJoHTB, -6jii6, -6nniB,
-6ht to useynoTpefjJiHTB nocjiOBiinw b peqn.To use proverbs when speaking.
ynoTpe6JinxB hobbic cjiOBa. To use
new words.
yilPABJlHlTb, -io, -eniB, -iot imp.k e m? xi e m?1. to drive. YnpaBjinTB Mamnnou:.
To drive a motor-car.
2. to govern. YnpaBJinTb cxpaHOH.To govern a country.
yIIPA/KIIEIIHE neut. exerciseJlerKoe ynpaJKnenne. An easy exer-
cise. Tpy/tnoe ynpajKHem-io. A dif-
ficult exercise. CAejiaTb ynpa?Kue-nne. To do an exercise.
ynP#M|bIII, -an, -oe, -tie, short
form ynpnM, -a, -o, -ti; adv. ynpa-mo stubbornYnpaMBiH neJiOBen. A stubborn per-
son. Oh onent ynpHM. He is verystubborn.
ypOBjEHb 77i., gen. -mi1. level. YpoBenb jkh^kocth b
K0Ji6e. The level of the liquid in
a flask.
2. fig. standard, level. YpoBenB?KH3HH napOfla. The living stan-dard of the people. KyjTBTypiibiiiypOBeHB. The level of culture.
yPOJKAH to. harvestBoraTBin ypOH<aii. A rich harvest.
Co6paTB ypojKaii. To gather in the
harvest.
ypoK to.
1. lesson. HHTepecHLiii ypoK. Aninteresting lesson. Bbitb na ypo-Ke. To be at a lesson. 0n03-RQiTh na ypOK. To be late for a
lesson. YpOK pycCKOro H3MKa.A Russian lesson.
2. lesson, homework. BLiymiTBypoK. To learn one's lesson. Cfte-
jiaTB ypoKH. To do one's home-work .
3. fig. lesson. IlycTB 9to 6y^eTBaM ypOKO&i. Let that be a lesson
to you.
yCfIJlHBA|Tb, -io, -eiHB, -iot imp.HTO?/p. yCHJl|HTB, -10, -HHib, -HTto strengthenYcHJiHTb ^ncnnnJinny . To strength-
en discipline. ycnJinrb na6jnofle-
Hue. To intensify observation.
yCHJIIIBAITbCH, Jst & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -erca, -iotch imp./
p. ycnJi|HTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -htch, -htch to in-
crease
IIIyM ycajiHJiCH. The noise was grow-
ing louder.
yCHJIHTb see ycflJIHBATbyCfiJIXITbCH see yCflJIHBATbCHyCJIOBHE neut.
1. data, condition. IIohhte» ycjio-
Biie 3an,aHH. To understand the
data of a problem. 3to rjiaBiioe
ycnoBne ycnexa. This is the
chief condition for success.
2. only pi. conditions. IIpHpOHHtie
yCJiOBHH. Natural surroundings.
Ycjiobiih JKIT3HH. Living condi-
tions. Pa6oTaTb b THH<ejibix yc-
jiobiihx. To work under difficult
conditions. Co3naTb nopMajibHbie
ycJiOBHH #jih pa6oTbi. To provide
normal conditions for work.
B TRKHX (STHX) yCJIOBHflX...
Under such (these) conditions.
yCJIblHIATb see CJI&IHATb
yen 156 yxo
yCIIEBAjTL, -io, -enxb, -iot imp.
-f- inf./ p. ycne|Tb, -10, -erat, -iot
usu.-\-p. inf.
1. to have enough time (to dosomething). Oh ycneJi nponnTaTbKHHry b cpOK. He managed to
finish the book in time. Oh ycneji
npHHTH k y>KHHy. He was in
time for supper.
2. : He ycneJin mm BiiexaTb H3ropo^a, KaK noraen jiom^h.Hardly had we left the town whenit began raining.
3. only imp.: 3tot CTyneHT HeycneBaeT no $H3HKe. This stu-
dent is backward in physics.
yCHETL see yCHEBATbycn^X m. success
JSlo6mhOfL yenexa b pa6oTe. To
achieve success in one's work. CneK-TaKJit nneji Sojibihoh yenex. Theperformance was a great success.
}KeJiaio BaM ycnexoBi / wish yousuccess!
yenOKAHBAJTb, -io, -emh, -iot imp.koto? / p. ycnoKojHTb, -io, -Hint,
-ht to calm, to reassure
YcnoKOHTb 6oJibHoro. To reassure
the patient, YcnoKOHTb HepBti. Tocalm one's nerves.
ycnOKAHBA|TLCH, -rocb, -embCH,-iotch imp.jp. ycnoKo|HTLCH, -iocb,
-nmbCH, -htch1. to quieten, to become calm. Pe-
6eH0K ycnoKOHJiCH. The child hasquietened. Mope ycnOKOHJiocb.The sea became calm.
2. to soothe, to abate. Bojib yeno-KOHJiacb. The pain has abated.
3. to rest. He ycnoKaHBaTbcn naMOCththvtom. Not to rest on
one's achievements
.
ycnOKOHTb see yCIIOKAHBATbyCnOKOHTbCH see yCHOKAH-
BATbCtfyCTA|BATb, -io, -enib, -iot imp. -f
inf. /p. ycTa|Tb, -ny, -nenib, -hvtto get tired
Bqepa h oqenb ycTaJi. / got very
tired yesterday. ycTaTb ot cnopa.To get tired of arguing. YcTaTbTanneBaTb. To get tired of dancing.
yCTAJI|blH, -an, -oe, -bie; adv. ycTa-jio tired
ycTajiEin qeJiOBeK. A tired person.
ycTaJran B3r-JiHfl- A tired look.
YcTaJioe jran.6. A haggard face. OhBbirjmfteji ycTaJio. He looked tired.
yCTATb see YCTABATbyCTHIblll , -an, -oe, -bie; adv. yctho
oral
Ycthlih 3K3aMen. An oral examina-tion. YcTHoe 3afiBjieHne. An oral
statement. OTBenaTb ycrao. Toanswer orally.
yCTPAHBA|Tb , -io, -emb, -iot imp.HTO?/p. yCTp6|HTb, -K>, -HHIb, -HT1. to arrange. YcTpoHTb KonnepT.
To arrange a concert. YcrpOHTbBene p. To arrange an evening-
party.
2. koto? colloq. to suit.MenaaTOHe ycTpaiiBaeT. That doesn't
suit me.yCTPOIITb see YCTPAHBATbyCI>I, sing, yc used rarely mous-
tache^)fljiHHHtie ycti. A long moustache.
HoCHTb ycti. To wear a moustache.yTOHYTb see TOH^TbyTPEHH|HS, -hh, -ee, -ire morning
YTpeHHee cojinne. The morning sun.
yTpeHHHH nporyjiKa. A morningstroll.
"S^TPO neut., dat. pi. no yTpaM morn-ingCBe>Kee yrpo. A cool morning. G ca-
MOro yTpa. From early in the morn-ing. HnTaTb KHHry /io yTpa. Toread the book till morning. B 7 na-
cob yTpa. At 7 o'clock in the morn-ing.
^TPOlVt adv. in the morningBcTaBaTb pano yTpoM. To get upearly in the morning. 3aBTpa yT-
pOM mbi Bee pemnM. We'll settle
everything tomorrow morning.
yTfOr m., gen. -a iron
TopH'THH ynor. A hot iron. Fjia-
AHTb yTioroM, To iron (to press).
YXO neut., pi. ymn, ynieK ear
BojibHbie yran. Bad ears.
<> CKa3aTb na yxo. To whisper
info somebody' s ear. He Bepnxbcbohm yraaM. Not to believe one's
ears. Ho ymn BfliooHTbCH b kofo-jih6o. To be head over heels in love
with somebody.
yXOftflTb, yxo>Ky, yxoAHiiib, yxo-
AHT imp.jp. yHTH, yn#Jy,t
-emb,
-yT, past yineji, ynui|a, -6, -h to goaway, to leave
yxy 157 OAK
Oh Kynaji Kmliry n ymeji u3 Mara-3traa. He bought the book and left
the shop. Bee ymjiu na SKCKypcnio.Everybody has gone on an excursion.
<> Oh ymen c rojiOBon b pa6oTy.He is up to his eyes in work.
yXYHIHAlTb, -io, -eoib, -k>t imp.
qTO? / p. yxyAmnTB, yxyjnuly,-limb, -aT to make worseYxyRmnih cBoe nonojKenHe. Tomake one's situation worse.
yxyftfllAITbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not
used, 3rd pers. -eTCH, -iotch imp./
p. yxyjjmlHTLCH, is£ ¬ used, 3rd pers. -htch, -aTCH to
deteriorate, to become worsenojio>KeHHe b CTpane jxypumjioch.The situation in the country hasdeteriorated. 3nopoBi>e (SoJibnoro
yxyAmiiJiocB. The patient's health
has become worse.
yxyAiuiiTb see yxyfltnATByX^AinHTtCH see yxyflOlATBCHy^ACTB|OBATb, -yro, -yeiub, -yzoT
imp. b qeM? to take part
y^acTBOBaTb b copeBHOBaniiflX. Totake part in competitions.
y^ACTHE neut.%
no pi. b km?participation
ITpHHUTb yqacTne b KonnepTe. Totake part in a concert.
y^ACTHHK m. participant
y^ACT|OK m., gen. -Ka
1. section. Jlecnon yqacTOK. A sec-
tion of a forest.
2. sector. Ba>KHBiH yqacTOK pa66-th. An important sector of work.
3. district. H35npaTejiLHHH yqa-ctok. An electoral district.
yqfiBHHK m. text-bookyneSnHK pyccKoro H3HKa. A Rus-sian text-book. yqeo'HHK ajih tcx-HHHeCKHX HHCTHTyTOB. A text-book
for technical institutes.
yHEBH|bIfl, -an, -oe, -Lie school,academicyHe6HBin ro%. A school (academic)year. y*ie6Hoe noc66ne. An aid to
study, a teaching aid.
y^EHfiK m., gen. -a
1. pupil. yneniiK cpe^neH ihkojih.
A secondary-school pupil.
2. pupil, disciple. y^ennK 3HaMe-HHToro npo(|eccopa. The famousprofessor's pupil.
yHEHlBIft, -an, -oe, -He1. scientific, academic, y^enaa
CTenenb. An academic degree.2. used as n. scientist. H3BecTHHH
y^enHH. A well-known scientist.
yHfiTEJI|b m., pi. -A teachery^HTent $H3HKH. A physics teach-
er, Pa6dTaTL ywrejieM b niKOJie.
To work as a schoolmaster. CTaTbynnTejieM. To become a teacher.
y^LSTB, yny, yqiimb, yqaT imp.
1. p. BLiy ii|HTb, -y, -nmb, -aT hto?to learn. y*ffiTb ypon. To learn
one's lesson. Bwy^ETt cthxotbo-penne. To learn a poem.
2. p. Hay^inTL, nayqy, naynumb,nay-qaT h e m y? & -f- inf. to
teacb. y^HTb qnTaTb ii nncaTb.To teach to read and to write.
y^iiTb pyccKOMy H3HKy. Toteach Russian.
y^OlTbCH, yqycb, yqnmbca, ynaTCsimp. new y? & + inf.jp. nayqurb-ch, nay^ycb, Hay ininibCH, naynaTCH1. to learn, to study. ywn>-
ch njiaBaTb. To learn to swim,yuHTbCH pyccKOMy H3bIKy. Tostudy Russian.
2. no p. to study. Mon 6paT
yhutch b yHHBepcHTeTe. Mybrother studies at the university,
<> BeK jkhbh — Ben yqacb (prov-
erb). Cf. Live and learn.
yiDTH|BIfi, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. yfOT-
ho cosy, comfortableyioraafl KOMHaTa. A cosy room.
3.n;ecb' o^enb vk>tho. It is very com-
fortable here.
<I>, *
OABPHKA /. factoryTeKCTHJibHaa (J>a6pnKa. A textile
factory. Pa6oTaTb na <Ja6pnKe. Towork at a factory.
OAKT m. fact
flencTBBTejTbHLiH <J>aKT. A real fact.
<DaKTH TOBOpHT TOM, *TTO OH 6uil
npaB. The facts show that he wasright.
OAKyjIBTET m. faculty, department®hjioco$ckhh ^aKyJibxeT. The phi-
losophy department . yqiiTbca naxnMuqecKOM (JanyJibTeTe. To study
at the chemistry department . IIocTy-
4>AM 158 XAP
nwTb iia $n3inrecKHH (JaKyjibTer.
To e^fer i/ie physics department,
OAMflJIHH /. (sur)name.OaMHJiHH CTy^eHTa. T/ze student's
. name. Kai-e Baina (jiaMsiJiHH? PF/iafs
i/owr name? Moa (JaMHJina MBanoB.Tlfi/ name is Ioanov.
<PEBPAJI|i> m., gen. -h FebruaryB $eBpajie MaCTO 6biBaiOT MeTemi.7/z February there are often snow-
storms. 3aBTpa nfiToe $eBpaJia. To-morrow is the fifth of February.
Oh yc3?KaeT BOCbMoro c^eBpann. Heleaves on. the eighth of February.
ourypa/.1.. figure. CTpofnian $nrypa. A
slender form. Y nee xopomaa(Jnrypa. She has a good figure.
2. figure. FeoMeTpmiccKaH (jnirypa.
A geometrical figure.
d)H3HKA /. phvsicsnpo6jiCMBi <Jh'i3hkh. The problemsof physics. 3aniiMaTLca $h3hkoh.To study physics. JleKnnii no3iiKe. Lectures on physics, flflepaaa
(|)H3HKa . Nuclear physics.
OH30HECKI II II , -as, -oe, -lie
1 . physical. CDii3u*iecKaa ciijia. Phys-ical strength. 3aHHMaTBca $h-3H liecKHM TpyflOM. To do physi-cal work.
2. physics. cpnannecKiin $ai{yjib-
t6t. The physics department.<DH3KyJIbTyPA /. (= $ii3iiqec-
naa Kymvrypa) physical culture3aHi'TMaTBcn $H3KyJibTypoH. To goin for physical culture. 3aiJHTHHno tfjiioKyjiBType. Physical culture
lessons.
OHJILM m. filmHay^HO-nonyjinpHBiu (Jujilm. Apopular science film. floKyMeHTaJiB-hbiii (Jhijibm. A documentary film*.
Xy^6>KecTBeiiHHii (Jjiijibm. A feat urn;:
film.
OJIAr m. flag^ >f
rocy^apcTBein-iHii $Jiar. The nation-
'
al flag.
(MOT m. fleet
Boeimo-MopcKOii $jiot. The navy.
ToproBBiH <J>jiot. The merchant ma-rine. Bo3AyniHbiH (fmoT. The air fleet.
OOHTAH m.i. fountain. Ha nnomaAH 6hji (Jon-
Tan. There was a fountain in the
square.
2. gusher. HecjrrHHOH {JoHTaa. Anoil-gusher.
<X>OPMA /1. shape. Gtoji KpyrjTOH $6pMH.
round table. ITpe^MeT HMeeT$6pMy mapa. The object has theshape of a ball.
2. form. Co,a;ep>KaHHe n <|6pMa.The content and the form.
3. uniform. Boennaa (J)6pMa. Mili-tary uniform.
<> Ebitb b <f>6pMe. To be in goodform. Bbitb ne u <j>6pivie. Notto be in good form.
OGPTO^IIKA /., gen. pi. -ei< fortochka(a small hinged window pane used
for ventilation)
Otkpbitb (JopTOTOy. To open the
fortochka. CnaTb npn otkpbitoh(JopTOTCC. To sleep with the for-
tochka open.
(DOTOAIinAPAT m. cameraGniiMaTb 4>OToannapaTOM. To pho-tograph.
a>OTOrPAa>f!P|OBATB, -yio, -yeinL,
-yiox imp. koto? n t o? / p. c$o-Torpa$iip|OBaTb, -yio, -yeuib, -yiOTto photograph.QdTorpa$ripoBaTb peSenna. To pho-tograph a child.
OPOHT m., pl.f
-hi front
Hath na <J>poHT. To go to the front.
CpajKaTbca na $ponTe. To be fight-
ing at the front.
OPYKTM only pi. fruit
CBe>Kiie $pyi<TH. Fresh fruit. Ylo-
KynaTb $pyKTH b MaraanHe. To buyfruit at a shop.
OYTBOJI m. football
HrpaTB b $yT6oji. To play football.
CopeBHOBaHHH no <JryT66jiy. Foot-
ball competitions
.
X, x
XAJIAT m. overalls
Pa6oHHH xanaT. Overalls. KynaJib-hhh xa.BaT. A bath-robe. floMatu-hiih xanaT. A dressing-gown.
XAPAKTEP m.1. character. Chjibebim xapaKTep,A strong character. TBep,m>ni xa-
paKTep. A strong character. Bo-jieBOH xapaKTep. A strong-willed
XBA 159 X0J1
person. HepTH xapanxepa. Traits
of character.
2. nature. XapaKTep mccthocth.The nature of the country.
XBAJIfiTB, XBajiio, XBaJimnt, xbeljiht
imp. koto? hto? 3 a hto?/p. noxBajinxb, noxBaJiio, noxea-Jinnib, noxBajiHT to praise
XiiajmTfc yneiniKa 3a xoponnin ot-
b6t. To praise a pupil for his goodanswer, Xbojiiitb iiobwh CTauoK.To praise a new machine-tool.
XBATAlTb1, -io, -enm, -iot imp. ko-
to? V.TO?/p. CXBaTHTB, cxnany,cxBaTnmb, cxBamT to seize
On cxBaxibi mchh 3a pyny. Heseized my hand.
XBATA|TB2,
-eT, past -jio impers.,
imp. f p. XBaTBTL, xsaTiiT, past
XBaTHJio to have enoughMm XBaTiiT BpeMCini cj^ejiaTB ypuKH.They'll have enough time to do their
lessons. Euy ne xnaTacT BpeMennxopomo ymnh ypOKii. He has notime to learn his lessons well.
<> 3Toro em;e ne xnaTajio! As if
we didn't have enough trouble with-
out that!
XBATIITL see XBATATB 2
XBOCT m., gen. -a tail
XHM
H
xlECK | 111! , -an, -oe, -ne
1. chemical. Xitmumgckhh aJienenT.A chemical element.
2. chemistry, chemical. XiiMihie-
ckhh $aKyjibTeT. The chemistrydepartment. XuMrmecKaa JiaGo-
paTOpna. A chemical laboratory.
XfiMHfl /. chemistryHeopranihiecKaa xhmiih. Inorganicchemistry. OpranmiecKaa xhmhs.Organic chemistry. Hay^aTt xiimhio.
To study chemistry.
XflTP|Mfl, -an, -oe, -Lie
1. cunning, crafty. XifxpLin nejio-
BeK. A cunning person. XiiTpbte
rjiaaa. Crafty eyes. XuTpaayjibi6Ka. A cunning smile.
2. fig. tricky. XnTpLin sonpoc Atricky question.
XJIEB m.1. no pi. bread. Bejxtiu xjie6. White
bread. HepuHii XJieo. Brownbread. Cb&khh xJie6. Freshbread. Marram XJie6. Soft bread.
HepcTBHH xjie6. Stale bread.
2. pi. xjieDH, gen. pi. xjig6ob loaf.
KpyrJiHM xne6. A round loaf.
3. pi. xJie6a, gen. pi. xjic66b corn.Yoopna XJieSoB. The corn har-vest.
XJIOII|OK m., gen. -Ka cottonXO^fllTB, xo>Ky, xo^umb, xo^ht imp.
(cf. CXOAflTb 2)
1. to walk. Oh rojiyo xofliiJi noKOMiiaTe. He walked about the
room for a long time.
2. to go. flem xo#ax b njKOJiy.
Children go to school. Omi ^acxoxojinx b toctii. They often govisiting. Ka>Kflyio cy666xy cxy-
jighth xojinx na Benepa. EverySaturday the students go to eve-
ning-parties.
3. to wear. Oh Bcerjia xojxa? b nep-hom koctiomc. He always wearsa black suit.
<> Xoftiixn neniKOM. To go on fool
X03#IIH m. f pi. xo3neBa, xosneB1. host. Xo3Hiin AOMa. The master
of the house. X03HHH npurJiacuJi
rocxeii k CTOJiy. The host askedthe guests to take their places at
table.
2. owner, master. Xosaim ycajnt-
6li, $a6piiKH. The owner of anestate, factory. \\ fig. Xo3aiiHCBoero BpeMenn. The master of
one's time. Xo3Hiin CBOefi cy^L-6 Li. The master of one's owndestiny.
X03miCTB0 neut.
1. no pi. economy. ConnaJincxnHec-Koe X03HHCTB0. Socialist econo-
my. HapojiHoe X03fincxB0. Na-tional economy. CeJibcnoe X03an-ctbo. Agriculture.
2. farm. KojmeKXflBHoe x03flii-
ctbo A collective farm. ITepe/ip-
BOe X03niiCTB0. A progressive
farm, OxexaJioe xo3Hucxbo. Abackward farm.
X0JI03MM1IIK m. refrigerator
flocTanb Macjio U3 xoJio/jiijibiniKa!
Get the butter out of the refrigera-
tor/
XOJlCjmi&Ifl. -an, -oe %-Lie, short
form xojroften, xo jioAna, xojioauIo,
-li; adv. xojiojjho
1. cold. Xojio/ihlih Bexep. A cold
wind. XoJi6#HHH nan. Cold tea.
2. fig. cold. Xojioahhh OTBex. A
XOP 160
cold answer. XoJiOAHbie OTHOme-hm. Cold relations. XojioahhhB3rJiH#- A cold look. Oh otbg-
thji xojioaho. He answered coldly.
\predic. impers. Ha yjinn,e 6hjio
xojioaho. It was cold outside.
<> IloJiHTniia xojioaho ii bohhw.Cold war policy.
XOPOmiHM, -aa, -ee, -ne, short formxoporn, -a, -6, -u; adv. xoponio;comp. jiyqnie (q. v.) goodXopoman noro^a. Fine weather. Xo-potuoe nacxpoeHiie. A good mood.XopoiuHM rojioc A good voice. Xopo-iiihh otbgt. A good answer. XoponionrpaTb b maxMaTbi. To play chess
well, 3xo ohqel xoponio. It is verygood.\predic. impers. Xoponio 6bi.no
3a ropo,n;oM! It was good in the
country! Xoporao 6bi noexaxb sa
ropofl,! It would be good to go to
the country!
Beero xoponiero! All the best!
XOTETb, xo riy, xo^emb, xonex, xothm,xoxnxe, xotht imp. qero? or-j-
inf.jp. 3axoxexb, saxony, 3axo-
HeOIb, 3aXOMeT, 3a XOTHM, 33X0X11X0,
33XOTHT to wantOh xoxeji BHAexb ee. He wanted to
see her. PeSeBOK xoxeji K0n<|>ex.
The child wanted some sweets. H.
xoqy, ht66u th npnmeji ceroAHHBenepoM. / want you to come to-
night .
XOTETLCH impers. xonexcn imp.k o m y? nero? or -f inf. /p.3axoT6TBCH } saxo^eTCH to wantMne xo^eTCfl dohtii b xeaxp. / wantto go to the theatre. Mne xo^excahhtb. / am thirsty. Euy xoxeJiocb
CKOpee hohth k nen. He wanted to
go to her as soon as possible.
XOTH (XOTfc) conj. thoughITyTGniecTBeHHHKH ABirayjincb b
nyxb, xoth 6lijio tcmho. The trav-
ellers started on their journey thoughit was dark.
XPABPjLlS, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. xpa6-po braveXpa6puH coJiflaT. A brave soldier.
Xpa6pbifi nocxynoK. A brave ac-
tion. Xpa6po cpamaxbCH. To fightbravely.
XPAHjfiTB, -k>, -iimn, -ht imp. hto?1. to keep. XpanHTb Maejio b
xojio^HJibHHKe. To keep butter ina refrigerator.
2. to keep. Xpamixb nncbwa Apy-ra. To keep one's friend's let-
ters. XpaniTTb b naMHTH 66pa3Maxepn. To keep the image ofone's mother in one's memory.
XyflOKECTBEHHIMii, -an, -oe, -bie
artistic
XyAOJKecTBeimoe npoH3BefleFine. Awork of art. XyAOJKecxBenHan jih-
xepaxypa. Fiction. XyAO/KCCTBen-Hbiii (JmJibM. A feature film.
<> XyAOHvecTBeunaa caMOAefrrejib-KOCTb. Amateur theatricals.
XygOKHIIK m.1. artist, painter. TaJianxjiuBbin
xyAO/KHHK. A gifted artist.
2. master. XyAonmiiK cJioBa. Amaster of elocution.
XyfflOH, -an, -oe, -Lie thin^XyAoii peSeHOK. A thin child.
X^>KE comp. of adj. n.ioxofi & adv.
njioxo1. worse, not so good. HoroAa
ceroAHH xyme, nett B^epa. To-day the weather is not so goodas it was yesterday.
2. worse. On nyBcxByeT ce6a xy-?Ke
fhqm B^iepa. He feels worse
than he did yesterday.
I*, u
U;AP|I> m. tgen. -n
1. tsar. PyccKHH napb. The Rus-sian Tsar.
2. king. I^apb 3Bepen. The king ofanimals. LJapb nxnn,. The king ofbirds.
<> Hpn n;ape Fopoxe. In olden
tunes. Be3 n,apa b roJiose. Nonetoo clever.
I^BEICTfl, -xy, -Tetnt, -xyx, past iiBeji,
UBejija, -6, -ii imp. to blossomI^Bexex CHpenb. The lilacs are in
blossom. BninnH nxiexex. The cherry-
trees are in blossom.
U;BET m., pi -k colour
Kanoro nBeTa Banie naJibTO? Whatcolour is your coat? IlaJTbXO ceporo
nsexa. A grey coat. EEJiaTbH apKnxnBexoB. Gay-coloured dresses.
HBETHjOS, -da, -oe, -Lie coloured
LjBexHbie KapanAannr. Coloured
UBE 161
pencils. U[bcth6h $hjibm. ^4 colour
film.
O UseTHbie MeTaJiJiw. Non-ferrousmetals.
U[BET|OK m., -na; p/. ubgtbi,
Ubgtob flower^ynmCTtie i^bgth . Sweet- smelling
flowers. BnpamnBaTL iibctm. Togrow flowers. Ona npuniJia c ubgt-
kom b BOJiocax. She came- with a
flower in her hair.
IJEJIIIHA /. virgin soil
IlOflHHMaTb ueJinny. To plough
virgin lands. OcBaHBaib iicjinuy.
To bring virgin lands under the
plough.
E[EJI|OBATI>, -yio, -yenib, -yiOT imp.
koto? hto?/p. noiienloBaTb, -yio,
-yearn, -yiOT to kiss
LlejioBaTB pe6eHKa. To kiss a child.
nonejiOBaTB MaTB. To kiss the moth-
er.
IJEJIIOBATLCH, -viocb, -yeuiBCH,
-yiOTcn imp. c KCM?/p. noncji|o-
BaTBCfl, -yioct, -ycnibca, -yioxca to
kiss one another
KpenKO nonejiOBaTtCH c apyroM.To kiss one's friend affectionately.
I^EJIIBIA, -an, -oe, -Lie, short formiieji, nejia, neji|o, -u1. unbroken. CTaKaii yn&Ji, ho oo
TaJiCH neJiMM. The glass fell,
but it did not break.
2. only complete form whole. OnBLinrui nejTwn KyBninn bo^bi. Hedrank the' whole jug of water.
<>» U[eji h neBpep,HM. Safe andsound.
u;EJib /.
1. target. OpejinTB b iicjtb. Toshoot at a target.
2. objective. HocTaBHTB cc6e riejiBio.
To set oneself as an objective.
^octiimb CBoeii ueJiH. To achieve
one's objective. floGiiTBca iteJin.
To succeed in one's aim. L^gjib
H\H3iin. One's object in life.
O C uejibio, b ij&j With the
object of..,
U.EHA /., act. irony; pi. iienBi
1. price. BucoKafl nena. A highprice. Hii3Kne n,eiibi. Low prices.
LJena KOCTiOMa. The price of
a suit. lioBMniaTB iienbi nanpoayKTU. To raise prices of
food-stuffs. Chhjk&tb neiim na
To cut the prices ofclothes. rioBBimGHHC iigh na 10%(nponeiiTOB). A 10 per cent
price rise. Ciin>KGHne nen na
20% (nponeiiTOB). A 20 per cent
price cut.
2. fig. value.
<> JIk>6"6h n,en6ii. At any price.
U.EHTP rn.
1. centre. Henxp ropo^a. The centre
of the city (town). B ricnTpe
ropo/ia. In the centre of the town.
2. centre. PanonnBiii nenTp. Thecentre of a region. npOMtramen-HBie UGHTpBi cxpaHLi. The in-
dustrial centres of the country.
U,eHTp nayKH. A scientific centre.
<> IJeirrp TH/KGCTii. The centre ofgravity.
IJ[EHTPAJIbH|blIi, -an, -oe, -big cen-
tral
L(enT paJibutih Tejrerpa$. The cen-
tral telegraph office. en tpa Jibh bi
g
rasGTH . Central newspapers. E(eHT-
paJiBHBic yjiniiBi. Central streets.
HEIIb /., prepos. o iiGmi & na uenri
1. chain. Co6aKa na iicnu. Thedog is on a chain.
2. fig. chain. I^enn rop. Chains of
mountains.I^EPKOBL /., gen. iigpkbh; pi. ncpK-
bh, ncpKBcii, nepEBaM, etc. church
CTapHHHafl uepKOBB. An old church.
U,EX m., prepos. b iiexy & o (b)
nexe; pi. riexa (work)shopHa^iaJiBHiiK iicxa. A shop foreman.
PaGoTaTB b iiexy (nexe). To workat a shop.
HHPK m. circus
riOHTH b nnpK. To go to the cir-
cus. B iinpKe 6bijio MHoro napoay.There were many people at the cir-
cus.
HffOPA /. figure
Pe6enoK yniuica rincaTB u,ri$pu.
The child was learning to write fig-
ures.
HAfi m.1. tea. rpy3HHCKHH nan. Georgian
tea. IIhtb nan. To drink tea.
HaniKa ^an. A cup of tea. Kpeu-khii *iaii. Strong tea. HO'ijikhh
^aii. Weak tea.
162
2. tea. BeceAOBaTb 3a nacM. Totalk over tea.
<> npiirJiaciiTb na *iauiKy nan. Toask to tea.
HAflHHK m. teapot; teakettle
MAC m., gen. *iaca & naca (with car-
dinal num.), prepos. o ^ace, b qace& b... nacy; pi. -bi hourKoTopLiii qac? What time is it?
B ^ac tjhh. At one o' clock in the
afternoon. B HCTBepTOM nacy. Be-
tween 3 and 4 o'clock, Mepes ABanaca. In two hours. Ono3AaTb na-qac. To be an hour late. Tpn nacanpoJieTejiH He3aMeTHO. Three hours
flew by without anyone noticing it.
Hacw hhk. The rush hours.
B floSpfciii iac! Good luck!
HACTHIHH, -an, -oe, -Lie
1. particular. MacTHbiii cjiyqaii.
A particular case. MaCTHHH bo-
npoc. A particular question.
2. private. Hacniaa c66cTBeHHOCTb.Private property.
llACTO adv., comp. name (q.v.) often
Macro BcTpe^aTL ^lejiOBena. To meeta person often. HaCTO xorhtb b
TeaTp. To go to the theatre often.
Macro 6oJieT&. To be often ill.
MACTIL /., gen. pi. -efi
1. part. HacTB MamnHH. A part of
a machine. BoJiBmaa nacrb
AOMa 6ujia sanara ctojioboh.
Most of the house was occupiedby a dining-hall. Hacxb Jiio^eii
ymjia c co6panna. Some people
left the meeting.
2. part. IlepBaa *iaCTi> pOMaaa. Thefirst part of the novel.
3. part. MacTH CBeTa. Parts of the
world.
HACbl pi., no sing, timepiece
PynHwe qacH. A wrist watch. GTeu-
Htie ^lacLi. A wall clock. HacLi cne-
maTiia 5 Mmiyx. The clock is 5 min-utes fast. LIacM OTCTaioT na 3 mh-
hvth. The clock is 3 minutes slow.
Mac li njnyT xopomo. The clock keeps
good time. Macbi oCTanoBriJincb. Theclock has stopped. MaCLi CTOax. Theclock doesn't go.
MAIII|KA /., gen. pi. -en cupMaihiaa nainKa. A teacup. Koffefr-
naa nainKa. A coffee cup. BmuhtbnauiKy liaio. To drink a cup of tea.
HAUJE comp. of adv. qacTO oftenerPaHbiue th xoffHJi ko mh6 game.You used to come and see me oftener.
H qame Te6a xo?Ky b khho. / goto the cinema oftener than you do.
HBH, iilh, ^Be, tibh pron. whoseHen £to cnoBapB? Whose dictionaryis it? Hbn &to TCTpa^B? Whosecopy-book is this? Hbe £to nepo?Whose pen is this? Mbit £to KHiim?Whose books are these?
HEtl-TO, nhx-TO, Hbe-TO, iibh-to pron.somebody'sH no oinn6Ke B3Hji ^icii-to nop-r-
$ejit. / took somebody' s brief-caseby mistake.
HEJIOBfiK m., pi. jiioflH, Jiio^en, jiio-
flHM, jiioabmh, o jiiojihx man, personCbo66,hhlhi HeJiOBeK. A free person.Xopomnn nejiOEeK. A good person.
Hac 6bijio hhtb qeJiOBeK. Therewere five of us.
<> Mojio^oii MeJioeeK. A young man.HEJIOB£MECK|Hll, -an, -oe, -ne
1. human. HejioBe^ecKoe 66njecTBO.Human society.
2. humane, kind. HejiOBe^ecKoeOTHOineiine. Humane attitude.
MEJIOBEHECTBO neut. mankindHEM conj. than
BpaT CTapme, qeM cecTpa. Thebrother is older than the sister. Onnpnmeji no3,n;Hee, ^eM snepa. Hecame later than yesterday.
<> HeM paubine, Teai jiyqnie. Theearlier, the better.
MEMO^AH m. suit-case, trunkHEMIIHOH m. champion
MeainHOH no niaxMaTaM. A chess
champion. MeMnnon no nJiaBannio.
A swimming champion.MEPE3 prep. + acc.
1. across. ITepeiiTH *iepe3 njioin.aAi>-
To cross a square. IlepenjiLiTb
Hepe3 peny. To swim across a
river.
2. over. rtpBirnyTL nepes 3a66p.To jump over a fence.
3. through. Bjie3Tb nepe3' okho. Toclimb through the window. Hathliepe3 Jiec. To go through the
wood.
4. in. Ohh BepnyjiHCb *iepe3 Mecan;.
They returned a month later.
Mepes Tpir aha oh yexaji. Heleft in three days.
HEP 163 HTO
5. every other.... -npHHHMaTt Jie-
KapCTBO liepe3 *iac. To take, med-icine every other hour. XoahtbKyAa-JiH6o qepe3 Aenb. To go.Somewhere every other day.
HEPH0JIA pl.tno sing, ink
Hepntie qepHHJia. Black ink. niicaxbHepHiijiaMH. To write in ink.
qEPH|BlH, -an, -oe, -tie blackHepntie bojioch. Black hair.
HepHbiu xjie6". Brown bread.
Hepnan iiKpa. Black caviare. Hep-iibiii KO<f>e. Black coffee.
HEPT m., pi. liepTH, qepxeii devil<>IIocJiaTb k liepTy. To send to hell.
MepT B03bMii! The deuce take it!
HepT c hum! Let him go to hell!
heptA /.
1. line. IlpOBecTii nepTy. To drawa line.
2. boundary. Hepxa ropoAa. Thecity (town) boundary.
3. trait. LIepTbi xapaKTepa. Traits
of character.
<> Hep™ Jiiiu;a. Features.
H£CTH|K[H, -an, -oe, -ue, short formiiecxen, uecxna, *iecTH|o, -ti; adv.
necTHO honestHecTHbia HeJiOBeK. An honest per-
son. HecTHbie rjia3a. Honest eyes.
IlocTynHTb ^eCTHO. To act hon-estly.
<> 3aTb qecTHoe cjiobo. To give
one's word of honour.
METBEPO num. four
HeTBepo Apy3eii. Four friends. 11 x6hjio qeTBepo. There were four ofthem.
HETBEPT|i> gen. pi. -en
1. quarter. HeTBepTb nGjiona. Aquarter of an apple.
2. quarter. HeTBepxb *iaca. A quar-
ter of _ an hour. Be3 ^eTBepxunHTb. It is a quarter to, five.
Cennac neTBepTb mecToro. It is
a quarter past five.
HHHflTB, hhhio, qHHHinb, hhhht imp.iito? / p. iiOTOHHTL, noHHHio, no-
iihranib, no iiHHHT to mendIIoHHUHTb ^iacH. To mend a watch.
Hhhhtb hockh. To mend socks.
HIICJlO neut., pi. qncjia, qi'iceji, hhc-JiaM, etc.
1 number. U[eJToe qncjio. A wholenumber. Bojmmoe qncjio jno^efi.
A large number of people. Blttb
b qac-Jie Apy3efi. To be amongone's friends.
2. date. Kanoe cevo jjjllk hhcjio?
What is the date today? B nepBwx. MHCJiax Mapxa. Early in March.<> B tom MiieJie... Including...
HK|CTIITb, -niy» -CTiimb, -ctht imp.n to? u e M?1. p. nOHH|CTHTb, -Illy. -CTHIflb,
-ctht to clean. Hitcthtb 3y6bimeTKOH. To clean one's teeth
with a toothbrush; Hhcthtb 6o-TihiKH. To clean one's boots.
2. p. o tiu|cthti>, -my. -cthihb, -ctatto peel. Hhcthtb KapxouiKy.To peel potatoes. Ohiictht'Ej aneJib-
crrH. To peel an orange.
HlJCTJLIH, -afl, -oe, -ue, short formHHCT, HHCTa, uhct[o, -h; adv. iihcto;
comp. qiiirie
1. clean. HncTan boas. Clean wa-ter. HiicTbie pyKH. Clean hands.HiiCTafl py6auiKa. A clean shirt.
2. pure. HncToe 30JIOTO. Pure gold.
HncTaa uiepcTb. Pure wool.
3. fig. clear. LlHCTaa cosecTb. Clearconscience. ToBopnTb na hhctompyccKOM H3HKe. To speak goodBussian. CjjeJiaTb noAapoK otuircxoro cep/ji^a. To give a pre-
sent without any ulterior motives.
HHTAjTfc, -io, -enjb, -iot imp. m t o?/npOHHTa|Tb, -io, -enib, -iot
1. to read. HnTaxb ra3exy. To reada newspaper. HircaTb flyniKHHa.To read Pushkin. HiiTaxb BCJiyx.
To read aloud. HnxaTb npo ce-
6h. To read to oneself.
2. to deliver. Hht&tb jieKunio.To deliver a lecture.
HJIEII m. memberHjien ceMbii. A member of the fa-
mily. HJien napTHH. A member ofa party. Hjieuti npaBiixeJibCTBa.Members of the government.
HTEHHE neut.
1. reading. Kni'ira i\Jin *iTeiiHH. Areader, a reading book.
2. reading. ^OMamnee qTenne.Home-reading
.
HTO1 [fflTO] pron. tgen. hqto [^hbo],
dat. ueMy, acc. hto, instr. neu,prepos. o lieu whatxIxo AexraTb? What is to be done?
Hto oh CKa3aJi? What did he say?xieM oh Ay^aeT? What is he
mO 164 UIAP
thinking about? H CKasaji, hto flyMaJi.
/ said what I thought.
<> Hto £to 3a Bem,b? What sort
of thing is that?
HTO 2 [raxo] conj. that
H AyMaJia, iito axo HHxepecno. /
thought it would be interesting .
HTCBLI [ihx66h] con/.
1. in order (to) or rendered by the
inf. Hxoobi xopomo 3Haxb H3MK,eaAo MHoro sanHMaTLCH. Toknoiv a language well one muststudy a lot. Oh BCxaJi o^eiiL pa-
no, *it66li hg ono3,naTB. He got
up very early in order not to be
late.
2. that. Bee jiiojuh na 3eMJie xoxnx,hx66h He 6hjio bohhbi. All the
people in the world wish that
there should be no war, BaM npo-chjih nepeAaTb, ^66u bh npn-mjiii aaBxpa. They asked me to
tell you to come tomorrow.
HTO-HHE^b [ihto-] pron., gen. ne-
ro-HH6yAb [^tibo-] , dat .HeMy-Hn6yjib,
acc. *ixo-HH6yAb, instr. lieM-Hii6y/ib,
prepos. o qeM-ira6Jflb somethingPaccKamH mhg xix6-iiH6y;tib. Tell mesomething.
*ITO-TO [hito-] pron., gen. nero-xo[qHBO-], dat. neMy-TO, acc. hxo-xo,
instr. qeM-TO, prepos. o neM-TOsomethingLIx6-xo. ynaJio b coceAHeii KOMnaxe.Something fell in the adjoining
room.HSHBCTBO [qycTBa] neat, feeling
HcnHTaTb rjiy6oKoe qyscxBO pa-
#0CTii. To feel great joy. HyBCXBocoJiHAapnocTH. A feeling of solidar-
ity '•
H^BCTBIOBATb [qycxBasaxb],;yio,
-yeiHb, -yroT imp. ixo?//?. noHVBex-B|OBaTb, -yio, -yemb, -yioT to feelLIyBCTBOBaTb 6ojib. To feel a pain.
rio^VBCTBOBaTb rOJiOA- To feel
hungry. HyscxBOBaxb rJiyoOKoeyBaH^eene. To have profound re-
spect.
<> Kan bbi ce6a nyBvrnyeTe? Howdo you feel? H MyecTByio ceo'a
nJioxo (xoporao). / feel bad (all
right).
Hy^ECHlLIIl, -as, -oe, -He, short
form ny^eceH, tiy^ecHla, -o, -li;
adv. qyaecHO wonderful
^Iy^ecnaH ftesyniKa. A wonderfulgirl. Hy^eCHaa noro^a. Wonderfulweather. H nyflecHO ce6a nyBCXByio./ feel fine.
Hy3K|0S, -an, -6e, -rie
1. somebody else's. ^Iy^oii nopx-
(J)6jib. Somebody else's brief-case.
2. strange. Hy^oii nejiOBeK. Astrange man.
3. foreign. Hymin 3eMJiH. A for-
eign land.
HyJlCK m. f gen. iyjiKa; pi. Hyjiiui,
nyjiOK, MyJiKaM, etc. stockingITpocxbie HyJiKH. Ordinary stock-
ings. fflepcxHHbie qyjiKH. Woollenstockings. KanpoHOBBie *iyjiKH. Kap-ron stockings.
HYTh adv. nearly, scarcely
Oh nyxb ne ono3jiaJX Ha noe3#. Hewas nearly late for his train. OhroBopnJi qyxb cjibiihho. He spokescarcely audibly.
^yTB-^yib adv. nearly, a little bit
H qyxb-qyxb He ynaJi. / nearly
fell. PoBopii Hyxb-qyxb rpoMie.Speak a little louder.
HI, m
IIIAr m., gen. inara & uiara (withcardinal num.); pi. nxani1. step. IIInpoKHH mar. A long
step.
2. fig. step. 3xo hoblih mar Bne-
peji. This is a new step forward.
<> Ham rom HaxoAiiTCH b jinyx
niarax ot ocTaiiOBKn TpaniBan.Our house is a few steps awayfrom a tram stop. Ha k&jkrommary BCTpe^aJincb Mara3HHi>i.There were shops at every step.
IIlAniKA /., gen. pi. -ok capMexoBan manna . A fur cap. Ho-cnxB manKy. To wear a cap. Xo-jinxb 6e3 manKii. To go without a
cap.
HIAP m., pi. -h1. sphere. Henxp mapa. The centre
of a sphere. PaAHyc mapa. Theradius of a sphere.
2. globe. 3eMH0ii map. The terres-
trial globe. Bos^ymHHH map.A balloon.
mAP<D to. scarf
Tenjibiii map$. A warm scarf.
UJAX 165 ujy/vi
IIIAXMATM pi., no sing, chessIirpaTB b raaxMaTH. To play chess.
HeMniiojEE Miipa no niaxMaTaM. Theworld chess champion.
mAXTA /. mine, pit
YroJibHafl maxTa. A coal mine.
flo6HBa.Tt yroJiB b niaxTe. To minecoal in a pit.
inEJIK m. t pi. inejiKa silk
IIjiaTbe ii3 niejiKa. A dress madeof silk. HaTypaJiBHHH niejiK. Natu-ral silk. McKyccTBeHHHH meJiK.Artificial silk.
IllEjIKOB|Hfl, -aav-oe, -He silk
niejiKOBHn nxtaTOK. A silk scarf.
IHeJiKOBaH pySauraa. A silk shirt.
IIIEIIOTOM adv. in a whisperroBopHTb nienoxoM. To speak in awhisper.
fflEIITATb, raen^y, men^eniL, nien-
*ryT imp. xi t o? KOMy?//?. npo-rneuTaTb, npornenny, npomen<ieinb,npornenqyT to whisperFyoM ee uto-to menraJiH. Her lips
were whispering something. Oh npo-luenTaJi hoboctb na yxo coce/iy.
He whispered the news into his
neighbour' s ear.
UIEPCTB /., no pi.
1. hair (of an animal). ^Jiiranaji
mepGTb. Long hair.
2. wool. Tpy6aH mepcTB. Coarsewool.
3. wool. Koctiom H3 hhctoh mop-cm. A suit of pure wool.
IHepcTB na njiarte. A length of
woollen material for a dress.
IIIEPCTHHIOS, -an, -oe, -He woollenIHepcTHHHe hockh. Woollen socks.
IHepcTHHoe njiaTBe. A woollen
dress,
WlEH f. neckfljiiranaH men. A long neck. Ton-Kan men. A thin neck. Hochtb 6y-
cli na inee. To wear beads aroundone's neck.
Chagtb Ha inee y poftirrejieii.
To be on one's parents' hands.
niHPOK|HS, -an, -oe, -He, short formnrnpoK, -a, -6, -n; adv. mnpoKo;comp. ranpe1. broad, wide. HlnpoKan pena.A wide river. ElnpoKHH none.A broad belt. H xony, ht66hi66Ka Sana innpe. / want the
skirt wider.
2. fig. UlnpoKne bo3mo>khocth.Great possibilities. JUnpoKan na-Typa. A generous person.
3. only short form too wide. IIJiaTBe
MHe mnpOKO b nonce. The dress
is too large in the waist for me.HIHTB, nib|io, -enib, -iot, imper. men
imp. hto? kom y? h e m y? / p.cuihtb, comb|io, -enib, -iot to sew,to makeIUhtb njiaTBe £jm aonepn. Tomake a dress for one's daughter.GniHTb koctiom B axeJibe. To havea costume made at a dressmaker' s.
IflKAO m.t
prepos. b niKa$y & omKa$e; pi. mKa$HKhhtkhhu mKa(J). A bookcase. Khh-ra ctoht b mKa$y Ha hojikc Thebook is on' a shelf in the bookcase.
IlJiaTHHOH mKa<J). A wardrobe. He-cropaeMHn nma(j). A safe.
HIKOJIA /.
1. school. Ytotbch b mKOJie. Togo to school. nocxynnTb b ihko-Jiy. To enter school. OkohwtbniKOJiy. To finish school.
2. fig. school. Oh npoineji xopo-myio niKOJTy jkhshh. Life hasbeen a good school to him.
<> Ha^aJibnaa raKOJia. A primaryschool. CpeftHJM niKOiia. A sec-
ondary school. Bwcraaa mKojia.A higher school. My3BiKaJiBHaaraKOJia. A musical school. HIko-Jia-iiHTepnaT, A boarding-school.
mJIiJlIA /. hatBeceHHHH nuiana. A spring hat.
DlJinna c nrapOKHMH ho-uhmh. Awide-brimmed hat.
niOCCE neut., indecl. highwayExaTB no nrapoKOMy mocce. Todrive along a wide highway. B^ojibmocce pacTyT jiepeBBH. There are
trees on both sides of the highway
H[0<I>EP m. chauffeur, driverHlo^ep TaKcn. A taxi-driver.
miraOH m. spy
mTYKA /. piece, thing10 uttvk nannpoc. 10 cigarettes.
ihym m.1. noise, sound. Mh ycjiMmaxrn
cnJibHBin myM. We heard a loud
noise. HIvm rotrrh. The sound
of rain.
2. fig. row. riOAHfiTb myM BOKpyr
uuy/w 166
co6hthh. To raise a hue andcry over an event.
ffly]METb, -MJno, -mhdjl, -mht imp.to make a noise
Mope myMHT. The sea is noisy.
fleTH ihvmht. The children are mak-ing a noise.
myTSTb, iny^y, myTiimt, myTHTimp.jp. nomyTHTB, nomy^y, no-
inyTHmb, nomyTHT1. to joke. IHyTnTL c Apy3BHMii.
To joke with one's friends.
2. h a # k e m? to joke. UlyTi'iTB
Hafl pacceHHHBiM TOBapnirieM. Tojoke at an absent-minded friend.
IflYTlKA /., gen. pi. -ok jokeOcTpoyMHan niyTKa. A witty joke.
3Jian niyTKa. A malicious joke.
CKa3aTh b myTKy. To say (some-thing) in jest.
m, mm;EflP|LlH, -an, -oe, -He
1. generous. B^ejipuii xoanirn. Agenerous host, flje^poe cep/ine.
A generous heart.
2. fig. lavish, rich, ^eirpan npn-po^a. Lavish nature. II^eizpHHypo?Kan. A rich harvest.
mEKA /'. , acc. meKy; pi. nienii, HK3K,
mei-eaM, etc. cheekIU;ET|KA /., gen. pi. -ok brush
3y6Haa ineTKa. A toothbrush. m<3T-Ka jijih OflejKflH. Clothes-brush. Ca-noJKiiafl nieTKa. A shoe-brush. Mnc-tittb rueTKOH Ty^Jin. To clean
one's shoes with a brush.
3, 9
3K3AMEH m. examinationTpyflHHH 3K3aMen. A difficultexamination. JTerKEH 3K3aMen. Aneasy examination.
; Focy^apcTBeHHHH3K3aMen. A State examination.C^aBaTB (cAaTi>) 3K3aMen. To take(pass) an examination. IIpOBajniTB-ch na 3K3aMeHe. To fail in anexamination.
3KOHOMHKA f %no pi. economics
3KOHOMHKa CeJIfcCKOrO X03HHCTBa.The economics of agriculture.
3KOH0MHH /. no pi.
1. economy. Skohomhh aneprira.
The economy of energy. CoSjiio-
AaTB 3KOHOMHK). To observe econ-
omy.2. economy. HojiiiTHHecKas 3koh6-
mhh. Political economy.3KPAH m. screen
3Kpan TeJieBH.sopa. The screen of aT.V. set. 3Kpan b KHH03aJie. Thescreen in a cinema. HEnpoKEH sk-pan. A wide screen Ha anpanaxKHHOTeaTpoB fleMOHCTpnpyeTCH ho-bbih $hjibm. A new film is on at
the cinemas.
3KCKYPCHH /. excursion3aropoAHaa SKCKypcim. An outing
to the country. SKCKypciin b My-3en. An excursion to a museum.ExaTb na sKCKypciiio. To go on anexcursion.
OECKyPCOBOfl m. excursion guide$pmKRftU,Wn f. expedition
;
"tfe^Han aKcneAHUUH. A scientific
^pedition. SKcne^HiinH na CeBep-ife&ii nojnoc. An expedition to the
North Pole. y^aCTBOBaTB b 9Kcne-AHunir. To take part in an expedi-tion.
3KCII JIyAT0P 1 BATB,
-yio, -yeniB,
-yiOT koto? imp.1. to exploit. SKcnjiyaTiipoBaTB
pa6oHHX. To exploit workers.
2. to make full use of. SKcnjiya-THpoBaTB TexHHKy. To makefull use of technique.
3JIEKTPfiqECK|HS, -an, -oe, -ne
electric(al)
3jieKTpHHecKHH tok. Electric cur-
rent. 3jieKTpnqecKHH cbct. Electric
light. SjieKTpifaecKaa JiaMnoHKa.An electric bulb. 3JieKTpuHecKHHyTior. An electric iron. SJieKTpn-^ecKiffl ^auHJJK. An electric teaket-
tle.
3JIEKTPGCTAHH;ilH /. electric pow-er stationKpynnan BJieKTpoCTaHniiH. A large
electric power station. HycTHTE. no-
Byio 9JieKTpocTa.Hiinio. To put a
new electric power station into oper-
ation. SjieKTpocTanniiH #aeT tok.
The electric power station is nowgiving power,
3JIEMEHT m.1. element. nepnoxuHecKan cncTe-
Ma 3JieMeHT0B. The periodic sys-
tem of elements.
3HE 167
2. element. B cT&Tte ecTB sjieMen-
tu kphthkh. There are elements
of criticism in the article.
3. element. nporpecciBHtie 3Jie-
MeHTH 66m;ecTBa. The progres-
sive elements of society.
aHEPrfi^HlBlS [8H9-], -an, -oe, -He
energeticaneprHHHbin: nejioBeK. energetic
person, BneprH^HHe flBHHveHHH.
Energetic movements. 3Hepn'iHHaff
noxojiKa. ^4 y?£Z/uZ gait.
3HEPPHH [8H8-] /.
1. energy. Bneprna borbi. T/ie
energy of water.
2. energy. Pa6oTaTB c 6ojibeh6h
BHeprneH. To iwr/i with great
energy.
3TA5K m., gen. -a floor, storey
JKhtb na nepBOM 3Ta?Ke. To live on
the ground floor. BTopoii 3T8ljk. Thefirst floor. £[om b 7 3Ta5KeH. A sev-
en-storeyed house.
3TO see 3T0T3TOT, 3Ta, 3T0, 3th pron.
1. this. 3tot flOM. TTiis house.
3to okho. ?7us window. Btot y*ie-
hhk nacTO ona3AHBaeT. T/us pu-piZ i*5 late.
2. tbat. B 3T0T ftCHB mh Bee co-
6paJincB y nero. On that day weall gathered at his place.
3. 9to neut. it; this, these;
that, those. 3to ctoji. This is
a table. Sto CTyJiBH. Theseare chairs. 3to 6ujja ona.
That was she. 3to 6mjio £aBH6;
That was a long time ago. Ktosto? — 9to moh 6paT. "Who is
that?" "It's my brother." Hto3to TaKoe? " WhaVs that?" 3toy^eSnnK? — HeT, sto cjiOBapt.
"Is it a text-book?" "No, it
is a dictionary.'" Hto sto 3a
neJiOBen? What, sort of person
is he? Hto 3to 3a BeniB? Whatsort of thing is that? Men 3to
ctoji? — 3to ctoji HBanosa."Whose desk is it?" "It's Iva-
nov's desk." Kto TaM? — 3to h.
"Who is there?" "It's me."
10, K)
K)E|KA /., gen. pi. -ok skirt
Ona 6mia b nrapOKOH roSne. Shewore a wide skirt.
IOr m., no pi.
1. south. Oh nomeji npnMo na ior.
He went straight south.
2. south. OrjiLixaTb na lore. Tohave one's holidays in the south.
IIoexaTb na ior. To go to thesouth.
H)yKH|I>lH, -an, -oe, -ue south(ern)JOhujbih BeTep. A southern wind.lOnmLiH nojiioc. The South Pole.
IDMOP m., no pi. humourHMeTB ^yBCTBO K)Mopa. To have asense of humour. PaccKa3BiBaTB cK)MopOM. To tell with humour.
IDHOCTB /., no pi. youthCnacTJiBBaH iohoctb. Happy youth.B I0H0CTH OH MeHTEJI CTaTb apTHc-tom. In his youth he dreamt ofbecoming an actor.
I0H0III.|A m.fgen. pi. -en a youth
CMeJiBin lOHoma. A brave youth.KpacHBMH lOHoma. A handsomeyouth.
K)H|BIfi, -an, -oe, -tie youngK)HLie to^bi oh npoBejx b MTajiiin.
He spent his youth in Italy. IOnan#eByiHKa. A young girl.
a, si
H. pron., gen., acc. mchh, dat., prepos.Mne, instr. mhoh I
MeHH He 6uno j\6ua B*iepa Beqe-pOM. / was not at home last night.
Kto =>to? — 3to h. "Who is it?"
"IV s me." H njiy b TeaTp; tbi non>#eniB BMecTe co mhoh? Vm goingto the theatre; will you go withme? Mne CKy^HO. / am bored,
MHe xojio^ho. / am cold. TbiBCTpeTHHiB Menn? Will you meetme? ITpHXOnii ko MHe cero^nalCome to see me today/
}?EJI0K|0 neut., pi. h6jiokh, hSjiok
appleBojibhioh ypo>Ka.H h6jiok. A rich
harvest of apples.
HB&TBCH see HBJIilTLCHHBJlfiHHE neut. phenomenon>IBJiJl|TLCH, -iocb, -eniBCH, -iotch
imp. Ip. HBHTBCH, HBJHOCL, HBHHJB-
CH, HBHTCH1. to come, to turn up. Oh no3AHO
hbhjich Ha JieKHHio. He turned
up late for the lecture.
168
2. only imp. IlyniKHH hbuhgtchbgjihkhm pyccKHM noaTOM. Push-kin is a great Russian poet.
flrOftA /. berryCo6npaTb rpn6ii h arojiki. To gath-
er mushrooms and berries. Hrojiti
kjiv6hhkel Strawberries. BKycaaaca^OBaa aroji;a. A tasty cultivated
berry. Bapente H3 aro/i. Jam madefrom berries.
HflPO neut,,pl. ajipa, a^ep, a^paM, etc.
nucleusH^po aTOMa. The nucleus of the
atom. H/ipo KJieTKH. The nucleus
of a cell.
H3blK m., gen. -a
1. tongue. IIoKa3aTB a3HK. Toshow one's tongue.
2. language. KfeyqaTi. HHOCTpanawHH3MK. To study a foreign lan-guage. BjiaAexL hgc-kojibkumhHHOCTpaHHHMfl a3tJKa.MIl. Toknow several foreign languages.
<0> ,D[ep»caTjE> ji3ljk 3a 3y6aMn. Tokeep a still tongue in one's head.HaiiTH 66mnii fl3MK c Kew-JiH-6o. To speak a common languagewith somebody.
HXlIjO neut., pi. aaua, aari eggKypuHLie aiirxa. Hen's eggs.
«0» iTiino BCMaTKy. A soft-boiledegg. iT«n;6 BKpyryio. A hard-boiledegg. Hiin;6 b MemoieK. A well-
boiled egg. Hfiaa Kypimy ne y itaT(proverb). Cf. Don't teach \jourgrandmother to suck eggs.
HHBAP[b m.., gen. -a JanuaryHo^l b HHBape. A night in Janu-ary. Ilepsoe aHBapa. The first ofJanuary.
HPK|HQ, -aa, -oe, -He, short formapoK, apna, apK|o, -h; adv. apno;comp. apne1. bright. flpKHH CBex. A bright
light.
2. bright. HpKHe KpacKH, Brightcolours.
3. fig. striking, brilliant. HpRHHnpHMep. A striking example.HpKHH TaJiaHT. A brilliant tal-
ent.
#CH[BlH, -aa, -oe, -He, short formacea, acea, aca|o, -li; adv. acao1. clear, fine. Hcaoe ae6o. A clear
sky. Hchmh jieHt. A fine day.2. fig. lucid. Hculih yM. A lucid
mind. Hcnaa mhcjib. A clear
thought, d tot Eonpoc MHe acea.This question is clear to me.BaM 3to acao? Is that clear to
you? Oa roBOpHT oneRh acao.He speaks very clearly.
HlBiHK m.1. box. JlarHK h6jiok. A box of
apples. HranK c KOncepBaMH.A box of preserves.
2. drawer. Huthk nacBMeaaoroCTOJia. A drawer of a desk.
3. box. noaTOBMU aniaK. A post-
box.
SUPPLEMENTTHEMATIC GROUPS OF WORDS
Names of Nationalities, of People inhabiting Various Countries
and Continents, Geographical Names and corresponding Adjectives
aBCTpaJinen; Australian (man), aBcrpa-
jiniiKa Australian (woman), aBCTpa-
jiwhuli Australians, ABCTpaJinnAustralia; aBCTpaJiiiHCKnii Austra-
lian
aBCTpiieij Austrian (man), aBcxpiJHKa
Austrian (woman), aBCTpHnuti Aus-trians, ABCTprm Austria; aBCTptfn-
ckhh Austrian
a3HaT Asian (man), a3naTKa Asian(woman), a3naTbi Asians, A3HHAsia; a3iia.TCKHii Asian
ajiSaHen; Albanian (man), aJi6aHKa Al-banian (woman), aji6aHii£i Albanians,AJiSaHHH Albania; aji6aHCKHH Alba-nian
aJiJKHpen; Algerian (man), anjiuipKaAlgerian (woman), aJi>Knpn;Ki Alge-rians, AJDKHp Algeria; aji>KHpcKHiiAlgerian
aMepHKaHen American (man), aMepn-KaHKa American (woman), aMepn-
.
KaHUH Americans, AMepnna Amer-ica; aMepHKancKHH American
anrjiHHaHHH Englishman, aerJiEraaaKaEnglishwoman, anrjiH^aHe English,Abtjihh England; aHrjiimcKHH Eng-lish
apa6 Arab (man), 1 apa6ti Arabs; apa6-ckhh Arab
apreHTHiien Argentinean (man), apren-THHKa Argentinean (woman), apren-thhuli Argentineans, ApreHTHHaArgentine; apreHTJffiCKHH Argentine
a^raHen, Afghan (nian), a^raena Af-ghan (woman), a^ranriH Afghans,A<J>raifflCTaH Afghanistan; a^raH-ckhh Afghan
a$pHKaHen; African (man), a$pHKaHKaAfrican (woman), a^pHKaHrrti Af-ricans, A$pnKa Africa; a<J)pHKaH-
ckhh African
6eJiBr-Hen; Belgian (man), 6ejitrHHKaBelgian (woman), GejitrHHijH Bel-gians, BeJiBrHH Belgium; 6ejiE>rnii-
ckhh Belgian
SnpMaiieii Burmese (man), 6npManKaBurmese (woman), SupManuLi Bur-mese, EnpMa Burma; SnpMaHCKHHBurm ese
6ojirapnii Bulgarian (man), 6oJirapKaBulgarian (woman), 6ojrrapu Bul-garians, Eonrapna Bulgaria; 6ofl-
rapcKHH Bulgarian
6oJiHBHen Bolivian (man), SoJiHBHHKaBolivian (woman), 6ojihbhhh;h Bo-livians, Bojihbhh Bolivia; 6ojiiibhh-ckhh Bolivian
6pa3HJierc Brazilian (man), 6pa3HjiE>n;Bi
Brazilians, Bpa3HJiHH Brazil; 6pa-3HJILCKHH Brazilian
BaJiJiiien; Welshman, BaJiJiHHKa Welsh-woman, BajiJiMijLi Welsh, yajitcWales] BajijiHHCKHtr Welsh
Benrp Hungarian (man), BenrepKaHungarian (woman), BeHrpti Hun-
1 The feminine forms of a number of nouns denoting nationality
either do not exist or are not used in the literary language.
170
garians, Benrpun Hungary; Benrep-
ckhii Hungarian
Benecyajieo; Venezuelan (man), Bene-
cyBJiKa Venezuelan (woman), Bene-
cySJifeijH Venezuelans, BeHecy&ia
Venezuela; BeHecyaJifcCKHH Venezu-
elan
BbCTHaMen; Vietnamese (man), Bbe-r-
HaMKa Vietnamese (woman), BbeT-
HaMijbi Vietnamese, BbeTHaM Fief-
nam; BbeTHaMCKHH Vietnamese
raneii; Ghanean (man), ranna Ghanean
(woman), ranijbi Ghaneans, TanaGhana; raHCKni Ghanean
TBaTeMaJien; Guatemalan (man), rBaTC-
MaJiBiiiLi Guatemalans, TBaTeMaJia
Guatemala; TBaTeMaJibCKHH Guate-
malan
rBHHeeij Guinean, rBHHeiiALi Guineans,
TBiieeH Guinea; rBimeiiCKHH Guinean
repMaHHH Germany; repMancKHHGerman (see Heneo;)
TOAJiaHAen; Dutchman, roJiJian^Ka
Dutchwoman, rojuiaH^qu Dutch,
TojiJiaBftHH Holland; rojuiaH^cKHH
Dutch
rpen Greek (man), rpenaHKa Greek
(woman), rpeKH Greeks, Fper^Hfl:
Greece; rpe^ecKHii Greek
flaTHaHMH Dane (man), ^aT^aHKa Dane(woman), A^T^ase Danes, 3^SHHDenmark; flaTCKHH Danish
eBpea Jew, eBpeiiKa Jewess, eBpeaJews; eBpeficKHH Jewish
eBponeen; European (man), eBponeHn;ti
Europeans, EBpona Europe; eBpo-neiiCKHH European
eriraTHHHH Egyptian (man), ernnTHH-na Egyptian (woman), ernnTHHeEgyptians, EnraeT Egypt; ernneT-ckhh Egyptian
vlejxAqjx Indian (man), HHfliraHKa In-dian (woman), hh^hhei.h Indians,
Hh^hh India; hhahhckhu Indian
HHj^OH63Hej^ Indonesian (man), iihao-HG3HHK3 Indonesian (woman), hh-AOHe3HHu;Li Indonesians, HH^0He3Hfl:Indonesia; HH^0He3HHCKHH Indone-sian
nopAaHen; Jordanian (man), nopAaHijbiJordanians, MopAamiH Jordan;HOpftanCKiiH Jordanian
npaKerx Iraqi (man), upaKijbi Iraqis,
HpaK Iraq; HpaKCKHH Iraq
npaHen; Persian (man), npaHKa Per-
sian (woman), apaHrcH Persians,
HpaH Persia (Iran); HpaHCKHHPersian (Iranian)
HpjiaHften; Irishman, HpJiaHAKa Irish-
woman, iipjiaHflHH Irish, HpjiaHAHHIreland, npjiaHACKiin Irish
ncJianAei^ Icelander (man) HCJiaHflKa
Icelander (woman), HCJiaHfli^bi Ice-
landers, HcjiaHAim Iceland; ucjiaHA-
ckhh Iceland
rrcnaHeu, Spaniard, ncnaHKa Spanish(woman), ncnaHijbi Spanish, Hcna-hiih Spain; HcaaHCKiffl Spanish
HTaJibHHea Italian (man), HTaJibHHKaItalian (woman), HTajibHHUH Ital-
ians, HTaJlHH Italy; HTaAbflHCKHHItalian
HeMeH'en; Yemeni, HeMemjbi Yemeni,Ke&ieH Yemen; HeMeHCKHH Yemeni
KaM6oA>KHen; Cambodian, KaM6o#tf{HH-
d;li Cambodians, KaM6oA>Ka Cambo-dia; KaM6oAJKHHCKHK Cambodian
KanaAen; Canadian (man), KaH&AKa Ca-nadian (woman), KanaAAbi Cana-dians, Kanaka Canada; KaHaACKHHCanadian
khudhot Cypriot, KunpiiOTH Cypriots,Knnp Cyprus; KiinpcKHH Cyprian
KHiaen; Chinese (man), KHTanHKa Chi-nese (woman), KHTaHt^bi Chinese,
KiiTaft China; i^htslhckhh Chinese
KOJiyMSnen; Colombian (man), KOJiyM>6itHn;bi Colombians, KojiyM6nff Co-lombia; KOJiyMSsHCKHH Colombian
KOHrojie3en; Congolese (man), Konro-Jie3E^H Congolese, Konro The Congo;KOHroJie3CKHH Congolese
KOpeen Korean (man), KopeaHKa Ko-rean (woman), KOpesnibi Koreans,Kopen Korea; KopeacKHH Korean
KySnneij Cuban (man), KySiiHKa Cu-ban (woman), KySiiHijbi Cubans,Ky6a Cuba; KySiiHCKiiH Cuban
171
JiaOTHHHH7 Laotian (man), JiaoTHHKaLaotian (woman), jiaoraHe & jiaoc-
u;h Laotians, JIaoc Laos; jiaoTHH-
ckhh , & JiaoccKiia Laotian
JiaTHHoaMepHKaHen; Latin American(man), jiaTHHoaMepHKaHKa LatinAmerican (woman), naTHHba3*ffn-
k&hijbi Latin Americans, JIaTJi|fray#
AMepHKa Latin America; Jia*to$*;.
aMepiiKaHCKHH Latin American ,
JiHBaHeu Lebanese, JiiiBaHijLJ Lebanese,
JlHBan The Lebanon; jiiiBaHCKHii
Lebanese
jiHBHen Libian, juibhhum Libians, JIh-
bhh Libia; jiiibithckhii Libian
MaJiaen; Malayan (man), MaJiawna Ma-layan (woman), MaJiaiiijBi Malayans,MaJiaHH Malaya; NfaJiaHCKHH Ma-layan
MaJiHerx Mali (man), MaJiiiiiKa Mali(woman), MaJiHirijH Malis, IVIaJiH
Mali; MairiracKHH Mali
MajiLrara Malagasi, Majitraran Mala-gasi; MaJTBramcKiiii Malagasi
MapoKKaHen; Moroccan (man), MapoK-KaHKa Moroccan (woman), MapOK-KanijEi Moroccans, MapoKKO Moroc-co; MapoKKaiiCKHH Moroccan
MGKCHKaHen, Mexican (man), MeKCH-KaHKa Mexican (woman), MeKCH-KaBnqtr Mexicans, MeKCiiKa Mexico;m6KCHKahck
h
H Mexican
MOHroJi Mongolian (man), MOHFOJiKaMongolian (woman), mobtojih Monrgolians, Monrojihh Mongolia; mob>roJitCKHH Mongolian
Herp Negro (man), nerpnTHHKa Ne-gro (woman), HerpLi Negroes; Herpii-
thhckhh Negro-
newen, German, neMKa German (woman),neMAEE Germans; HeMeHKHH German
HenaJien; Nepalese, nenaJi&ijH Nepa-lese, HenaJr Nepal; HenaJiBCKHiiNepal
HiirepHen; Nigerian, HHrepHHijH Nige-rians, Hurepna Nigeria; HiirepHH-ckhm: Nigerian
BOBOBejiaHflen; New Zealander (man),H0B03ena.H^Ka New Zealander (wom-
an), HOBOaeJiaHflHH New Zealand-ers, HoBaa 3ejTaH^HH New Zea-land; H0B03eJiaHflCKHH New Zealand
HopB&Keij Norwegian (man), uopBeniKaNorwegian (woman), nopBejKijKNorwegians, HopBeran Norway;nopBejKCKHH Norwegian
naKHCTaHen; Pakistani, naKKCTaenHPakistanis, IlaKHCTaH Pakistan;naKHCTaHCKHH Pakistani
naHaMHH Panamanians, IlaHaMa Pana-ma; nanaMCKHH Panamanian
nepyaneij Peruvian (man), nepyaHKaPeruvian (woman), nepyainjH Peru-vians, Ilepy Peru; nepyancKiin Pe-
ruvian
noJi/iK Pole (man), noji&Ka Pole (wom-an), noJiHKii Poles, IToJifcrna Po-land; noJibCKHH Polish
nopTyra-Jieij Portuguese (man), nopTy-ra^iKa Portuguese (woman), nopTy-raJiBE[£i Portuguese, IIopTyrajiHHPortugal; nopTyraJiBCKHii Portu-guese
pyMHH Rumanian (man), pyMHHKaRumanian (woman), pyaiBi'HH Ru-manians, PyMHHHH Rumania; py-mlihckhh Rumanian
pyccKHH Russian (man), pyccKan Rus-sian (woman), pyccKHe Russians,
Pocchh Russia; pyccKHH Russian
- <*§iieraJieij Senegalese, ceaeraJiBijBi Se-<--y[ negalese, CeneraJi Senegal; ceue-
V"r : raJibCKHii Senegalese
€6p6 Serbian (man), cep6Ka Serbian(woman), cep6Ei Serbs, Cep6HHSerbia; cepScKHH Serbian
CHpner^ Syrian (man), cspHHKa Syrian(woman), cmpimum Syrians, CirpHHSyria; cnpHHCKHij Syrian
cjiob&k Slovak (man), CJioBa^ma Slo-
vak (woman), cjiob&kh Slovaks,
Cjiob&khh Slovakia; CJiosauKHHSlovak
coMaJiaeD; Somali (man), coMaJiHHKaSomali (woman), C0MaJiHHij;&i So-
malis, CoMaJiH Somaliland; coMa-jihhckhh Somali
cyflanen; Sudanese (man), cy^aHKa Su-
danese (woman), cy^aHiJBi Suda-
172
rtese, Cy^aH The Sudan; cy^aHCKiifi
Sudanese
TamiaHflen; Thai, TaHJiaHfliiLi Thais,
TaHJianjj Thailand; TanJi&HftCKiin
Thai
TOroJie3eE[ Togolese, Torojie3iiH Togo-lese, Toro Togo; ToroJie3CKHti To-golese
TyHHcen; Tunisian (man), TyniiCKa Tu-nisian (woman), TyHHcnH Tunisi-ans, Tvhbc Tunis; TyHHCCKHir Tu-nisian
TypOK Turk (man), Typ^iaHKa Turk(woman), TypKH Turks, TyprinaTurkey; Typen,KHH Turkish
yKpanneii Ukrainian (man), yKpaira-Ka Ukrainian (woman), yKpaHHinsiUkrainians, VKpanna The Ukraine;yKpaHHCKEH Ukrainian
ypyrBaen; Uruguayan (man), ypyrBaH-d;h Uruguayans, YpyrBaH Uruguay;ypyrBaHCKHH Uruguayan
yauLCiiBi Welsh, Ysjibc Wales; yajiBc-
khh Welsh
ijfiHnHnnHHei^ Filipino, {^minnniiHUHFilipinos; CDnJinnnHHH The Philip-pines
<J)HHH Finn (man), $HHKa Finn (wom-an), $hhhh Finns, Okhjihh^hhFinland; $hhckhh Finnish
$paHiE;y3 Frenchman, (JpaHnjaceHKaFrenchwoman, $paHny3H French,<I>paHn,Mfl France; (J>paHn;y3CKnHFrench
xopBaT Croat (man), xopBaTKa Croat(woman), xopB&TH Croats, XopBa-thh Croatia; xopBaTCKHH Croatian
ueHJionen; Ceylonese (man), nefijiOHKaCeylonese (woman), neHJionniJ Ceylo-nese, UeiiJiOH Ceylon; neiiJioHCKiinCeylonese
*iex Czech (man), qemna Czech (wom-an), nexn Czechs; Hexna Czechia;HemcKHH Czech
^HJinen; Chilian (man), ^HJiBHKa Chil-ian (woman), ^jihbd;h Chilians,^hjih Chile; hhjibhckhh Chilian
mBeanapen; Swiss (man), mBennapKaSwiss (woman), niBeHnapnBi Swiss;
inBennapna Switzerland; mBennap-ckhh Swiss
raBej? Swede (man), rase^Ka Swede(woman), mBe^Bi Swedes, HlBeruiaSweden; raBe^cKHii Swedish
moTJiaHflen; Scotsman, moTJian^KaScotswoman, moTJiaHMiTLi Scots,
IHoTJiaH^HH Scotland; raoTJian^CKHHScotch
3$Hon Ethiopian (man), 3<£ii6nKa Ethi-
opian (woman), a^aonH Ethiopi-ans, B^jioubr Ethiopia; 3$noncKniiEthiopian
K»rocJiaBH Yugoslavs, lOrocjiaBiia Yu-goslavia; lorocaaBCKHH Yugoslav
an6nen, Japanese (man), anoHKa Japa-nese (woman), anoHUH Japanese,Hnonna Japan; hdohckhh Japa-nese
NUMERALS
1 o#hh, oah5, oaho; nepB|wii, -a a,-oe, -we first
2 Asa, ABe; BTop|6ii, -aa, -oe, -wesecond
3 Tpn; TpeT|Hii, -ba, -be, -bH third
4 "leTbipe; qeTBepiiwii, -aa, -oe, -bie
fourth5 naTb; naT|wfr\ -aa, -oe, -we fifth
6 raecTb; mecT|6fi, -aa, -oe, -bie
sixth7 ceMb; eeAbM|6fi, -aa, -oe, -we sev-
enth8 BOceMb; B0CbM]6fi, -aa, -oe, -we
eighth9 #eBaTb; #eBaT|wii . -aa, -oe, -we
ninth10 ^ecaTb; aecar|bifi, -aa, -oe, -we
tenth11 oRHHHajmaTb; oftHHHaftuaTjwH,
-aa, -oe, -we eleventh12 #Beea£D;aTb; ABeoawaTlwft, -aa,
-oe, -we twelfth13 TpnHa^naTb; TpnaaMn;aT|wfi, -aa,
-oe, -we thirteenth14 qeTwpaajmaTb; qeTMpaaftnaTlwH,
-aa, -oe, -we fourteenth15 naTHaj*n;aTb; naTHaAnaT|wii, -aa,
-oe, -we fifteenth
16 mecTHa#naTb; raecTnaffnaT|wii t
-aa, -oe, -we sixteenth17 ceMHaAmaTb; eeMHafln;aTlwH ,
-aa,
-oe, -we seventeenth
173
18 BOceMHa#n,aTi>; BoceMeaflnaTjwii,-aa, -oe, -we eighteenth
19 fleBJiTHaAE^aTb; #eBaTHa#D;aT|WH,-aa, -oe, -we nineteenth
20 £Bajm,aTb; ABa;^aT|wH, -an, -oe,
-we twentieth21 #BaAn;aTb o^hh; ffua#naTb nep-
b|wh, -aa, -oe, -we twenty-first30 TpHflnaTb; TpH#n,aT|wH, -aa, -oe,
-bie thirtieth
40 copoK; copOKOBjOM, -aa, -oe, -bie
fortieth
50 naTbRecHT; naTHjieeaTjwH, -aa,-oe, -we fiftieth
60 mecTbAecflT; mecTHAecaT|wa,-aa, -oe, -we sixtieth
70 ceMbftecaT; ceasnsecaTlwa, -aa,-oe, -we seventieth
80 BOceMbRecaT; BOCbMH#ecaT|wii,-aa, -oe, -we eightieth
90 sesHHOCTo; AeBaH6cT|wfi, -aa,-oe, -we ninetieth
100 cto; cot|wh, -aa, -oe, -we onehundredth
101 CTO OffHH, CTO OflH&, CTO OAHOJoto nepB|wu, -aa, -oe, -we onehundred and first
110 cto fleeaTb; cto flecaT|wa, -aa,-oe, -we one hundred and tenth
200 ^secTn; abvxcotIwh, -aa, -oe,-we two hundredth
300 TpncTa; TpexcoT|wH, -aa, -oe,-we three hundredth
400 qeTwpecTa; qeTwpexc6T|wH, -aa,-oe, -we four hundredth
500 naTbcoT; naTHcoT|wfi, -aa, -oe,-we five hundredth
600 mecTbcoT; meeTHc6T|wa, -aa,-oe, -we six hundredth
700 ceMbcoT; ceMaeoTjwH, -aa, -oe,-we seven hundredth
800 BocesibcoT; bocbmhcotIwh, -aa,-oe, -we eight hundredth
900 jieBaTbcoT; jieBaTncoTjwH, -aa,-oe, -we nine hundredth
1000 Tbicaqa; TWcaqalwfi, -aa, -oe,-we thousandth
1961 Tbicaqa seBaTbcoT mecTbaecaroahh; Twcaqa AeBaTbcoT raecTb-AecaT nepB|wa, -aa, -oe, -we onethousand nine hundred and sixty-first
10000 jiecaTb Twcaq; ^ecnTHTweaq-h|wh, -aa, -oe, -we ten thousandth
1000000 MnjiJinon; miijijih6hh|wh,-aa, -oe, -we millionth
1000000000 MOJijiaapA; Mnjijraapfl-Hjwa, -aa, -oe, -we milliardth
DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS,SEASONS, TIME-UNITS
Days of the Week
noHe#e\jibHHK m. MondayBTopenK m. Tuesdayepe#a pi, cpe&bi WednesdayqeTBepr m.
f gen. qeTBepra ThursdaynaTBHn,a /. FridayeyGooTa /. SaturdayBocKpeceHbe neut. Sunday
Months
aHBagb m. t gen. HHBapa January<f>eBpajib m., gen. <J)eBpaJia FebruaryMapT m. Marchanpejib m. AprilMaa m. MayinoHb m. Juneuiojib m. JulyasrycT m. AugustceHTa^pb m., gen. ceHTa6pa Septem-
berOKTa5pb m., gen. OKTa6pa Octoberao£6pb /n., gen. Hoa6pa November#eKaopb m., gen. fleKa6pH December
Seasons
Becna /. springjieTO neut. summeroceHb /. autumn3HMa /. winter
Time-Units
ceKyH^a /. secondMHHyTa /. minuteqac m., pi. qacM, qacoB hourro# m., prepos. b ro;iy & o ro^e; gen.
pi. jieT yearBeK m., pi. BeKa century
COLOURS
6eji|wK, -aa, -oe, -we whiterojiyo|6ii, -aa, -oe, -we light-blueacejiT|biH, -aa, -oe, -we yellow3eJieH|wfi, -aa, -oe, -we greenKpaca|WH, -aa, -oe, -we redKopH<meB|bm, -aa, -oe, -we brownjihji6b[wh, -aa, -oe, -we lilac
opan/KCBl&iH, -aa, -oe, -we orangepo30B|wa, -aa, -oe, -we pinkcmh|hh, -aa, -ee, -ne blue
174
ceplwil, -aa, -oe, -we greycBeTJi|biH, -aa, -oe, -we light
t6Mh|wh,-aa, -oe, -we dark
<|>HOJieTOBlwii, -an, -oe, -Me violet
yepH|wii, -aa, -oe, -bie black
PARTS OF THE BODY
rojroBa /., acc. rojioey, pi. rojiOBH,tojiob, rojioeaM, etc. head
men /. necknjie*K) neut., pi. imemi shoulderrpyAb prepos. na rpy#H chesterimia /., acc. cuihiy, pi. cnnnti back6ok to., pi. ooKa sideyKHBOT m., gen. >KHB0Ta stomachpyKa/., acc. pyny, pi. pyKuhand, armjiaAOHb /. palmjiOKOTb to., gen. jiokth, gen. pi. jroK-
Tefi elbowKyjiaK m., gen. KynaKa fist
nora /., acc. nory, pi. hofh foot, legKOJiewo neut., pi. KOJienn kneenajieu, m., gen. naJibiia finger, toeHoroTb ;n., gen. hotth, gen. pi. Hor-
Tefi nail
eepftue neut., pi. cepjma heartjierKoe neut., pi. JierKne lungHiejiyAOK to., gen. ?Kejiy#Ka stomachbojiocw pi., gen. pi. bojioc hairyxo neut., pi. ymn, yraeir earjio6* to., gen. Ji6a foreheadhoc to., pi. hoch noserjia3 to., pi. rJia3a eye6poBb /., gen. pi. 6poBeH eyebrowpeeirana /. eyelashm,eKa /., pi. menu: cheekpOT m., gen. pTa mouthry6a /., pi. ry6bi lip
3y6 to., g^/z. pi. 3y6oB toothbhcok to., gen. BHCKa templeH3biK to.
, gerc. H3biKa tongueiio^GopoAOK m., g-e/z, no#6op6jiKa chinye to., pZ. ycb'r moustache3aTbiji0K m.
y gen. saTHJiKa back [of
tl^e head6opofla /., acc. 66pojjy, pi. 66pojiBi,
6op6/j beard
TRAITS OF CHARACTER ANDMAN'S QUALITIES
aKKypaTHjbiu, -aa, -oe, -bie painstak-ing
aKTHBH|biH, -aa, -oe, -Me active6ecnor<6iiH|biii, -aa, -oe, -bie restless
66ap|m3, -aa, -oe, -bie cheerfulBeHvJiHB|MH
, -aa, -oe, -bie politeBecejijMH^, -aa, -oe, -bie gayBHHMaTejibH|bifi, -aa, -oe, -mo atten-
tive
reiraaJibHtMH. -aa, -oe, -bie of geniusrjiyn|bifi, -aa, -oe, -bie stupidropA|MH, -aa, -oe, -bie proudrpy6|biii, -aa, -oe, -Me rude, coarseAoopjwn, -aa, -oe, -bie kind/KaAHjbiil, -aa, -oe, -we stingy/KecTOK|Ha, -aa, -oe, -He cruel
3a6oTJiHB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we solicitous
3aAyMiHBlwH, -aa, -oe, -we thought-ful
HCKpeHB|Hii, -aa, -ee, -He frank, sin-
cere
jiacKOB|bifi, -aa, -oe, -we affectionateji>khb|wK, -aa, -oe, -we untruthfuljierKo»iwcJieHH|biH, -aa, -oe, -we
light-headedjieHHB|wn, -aa, -oe, -we lazyjiobk|hh, -aa, -oe, -He adroitjiio6onwTH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we curiousjno6o3HaTeJibH|wii, -aa, -oe, -we in-
quisitive
MyAp|WH, -aa, -oe, -we wiseMyjKecTBeHH]ww, -aa, -oe, -we coura-
geousHacTOHqHBlwfi, -aa, -oe, -we persis-
tentHe*KH|wfi, -aa, -oe, -we gentleHepBH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we nervousoctopo?kh|wh, -aa, -oe, -we careful
ocTpoyMHjwir, -aa, -oe, -we wittynpaBAHBjwH, -aa, -oe, -we truthful
Po6"k|hh, -aa, -oe, -ne timidpaceeaHHlwH, -aa, -oe, -we absent^
mindedcaMOJiio6HB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we touchycaMoyBepeHH|MH, -aa, -oe, -we self-
opinionatedcepbe3H|biH, -aa> -oe, -we serious
cKpoMH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we modestcm6ji|wh, -aa, -oe, -we courageouscnoKOHH|bm, -aa, -oe, -we quiet,
calmciioc66h|wh, -aa, -oe, -we capablecnpaBeA^HB|wH, -aa, -oe, -we just
CTapaTeJibH|wH, -aa, -oe, -we assid-
uousCTpaHH|wti, -aa, -oe, -we strange, queer
CTporinfi, -aa, -oe, -He exacting,
strict
cypoBlwH, -aa, -oe, -we severe
TajiaHTJiHBfwH, -aa, -oe, -we talented
175
TpycJiHB[bia, -aa, -oe, -Me cowardlyyMH|faiH, -aa, -oe, -bie clever
ynpflM[MH?-aa, -oe, -we stubborn
xHTplbiii, -aa, -oe, -we sly, cunningxpa6p|biil, -aa, -oe, -bie brave*iecTH|bi3, -an, -oe, -we honestmejspJbiM, -aa, -oe, -we generousaHeprifaHlbifi, -an, -oe, -we energetic
THE FAMILY
po^ETejiH pi., gen. pofliiTejien parentsotcb; m., gen. otixo. father
aiaTb /., gen., dat., prepos, MaTepn,instr. MaTepbio; pi, MaTepn, Mare-pen, MaTepaM, etc. mother
cwh m., pi. CHHOBBA, cHHOBen sonAOib /., gen.
jdat., prepos. Aonepn,
Uistr. fldqepbio; pi. jjoqepn, #oqe-peii, AO^epaM, ^oqeptMH daughter
6paT m. t pi. 6paTbH, 6paTbeB brothereecTpa /., pi. cecTpti, cecrep, ce-
CTpaM, etc. sister
pofleTBeHHHKH pi. relatives
AeaymKa m., gen. pi. ^e^yraeK grand-father
5a6ymKa gen. pi. 6a6yoreK grand-mother
bhvk m. grandsonBHyqica gen. pi. BnyneK grand-
daughterRafta m. uncleTeTfl /. auntmieMHHHHK m. nephewnjieMflHHHn.a /. niece^BoioposHWM 5pax m. cousinABoiopoAHaa eecTpa /. cousin
CLOTHES, FOOTWEAR,LINEN
naJibTO neut., indecl. overcoatiny6"a /. fur coatnjiam; m., gen. mranja raincoatkoctfom m. suit, costume6pK>KH no sing, trousersTpycw no sing, shortsriHRjKaK m., gen. nHAHiana jacket, coatpy6"amKa /., gen. pi, pySamen shirtrajiCTyK m. tie
CBHTep m. sweater, pull-overAiKennep m. jumpernHJKaMa /. pyjamasxaJiaT m. dressing-gown, housecoat
hockh pi., sing, hocok m., gen. nocKasocks
nijiana /. hat
inanKa /., gen. pi. iuanoK cap
map<J> m. scarf
nep^iaTKH pl. fgen. nepnaTOK; sing.
nep^aTKa /. gloves
HJiaTbe neut. dress
loo'Ka /., gen. pi. i66ok skirt
6jiy3Ka gen. pi. 6jiy30K blouseKo^Ta /. jacket
5KaKeT m. jacket
hvjikh pi., gen. qynoK; sing. hvjiok
m., gen. qyjiKa stockings
6*qthhkh pi., gen. 6othhok; sing. 60-
thhok m., gen. 6oTHHKa boots
ryfymi pi., gen. pi. Ty$eJft>; sing.
Ty<|)Jifl /. shoesrajionm pi., sing, rajionia /. galoshes
66tw pi. overshoes5ocoh6jkkh pi., gen. 6ocon6/KeK; sing.
6ocoHo>KKa /. sandalsTano^KH pi., gen. Tauoneic, sing. Ta-
noHKa /. slippers
canoni pi., gen. canor; sing, canor m.,
gen. canora riding boots, high-
bootsBa^eHKH pi., gen. BaJieHOK; sing. Ba-
jienoK m., gen. BaneHKa felt boots
bopothhk m., gen. BopoTHHKa collar
p'yKaB m. fgen. pyKasa, pi. pynaBa
sleeve
noae m., pi. noflca belt
KapwaH m. pocketnyroB«n;a /. buttonraHypoK m., gen. ninypna lace, shoe-
lace
npn5KKa /., gen. pi. npa>KeK buckle
o^eHJio neut. blanket, quilt
cKaTepTb gen. pi. CKaTepien table-
clothcaji<j)eTKa gen. pi. caji$eroK nap-
kinnoAOAeHJibHHK m. quiit cover
noAyniKa /., gen. pi. nosyrneK pillow,
cushionnpocTWHH pi. npocTHHH, npo-
CTbiHb, npocTBiHHM bed sheet
H&BOjiG<ma /., gen. pi. HaBOJio^eK
pillow-casenojiOTeHi^e neut., gen. pi. noJiOTeneu;
towelr
njiaTOK m., gen. nnaTKa scarf,
hocobok nJiaToK handkerchief
6e;ibe neut., no pi. underwear; linen
HHJKHee 6ejibe underwear
176
ARTICLES OF TOILET
mwjio neut., no pi. soap
3y6fiaH naera /. toothpaste
KpeM ajih GpnTbfi shaving cream3y5n6ri nopomoK m., gen. noponiKatoothpowder
rySHaH noMa.ua lipstick
meTKa gen. pi. njexoK brush;
1. 3y6n6.fi meTKa toothbrush,2. meTKa rjih bojioc (ojxeHvflbi
,
66vbh) hairbrush (clothes-brush,
shoe-brash)pac^ecKa colloq. /-, gen. pi. pac^iecoK
combsepKajio neut., pi. 3epKaJia, sepKaa
looking-glass
6pHTBa /. razor
Ayxa no sing., gen. jryxoB perfumeo^eKOJiOH m. eau-de-Cologne
nyffpa /. powderKpeM m. cream
THE HOUSE AND ITS PARTS
.HOM m., pi. ,a;0Ma house3^aHHe neut. building
noMenjeHHe neut. premises3Ta5K m., gen. 3Ta?Ka floor, storey
nojvfcesR m. entrance
KsapTapa /. flat
KopHROp m. passageKOMEaTa /. room3aji m. hall
KaSnneT m. studyKyxHH /., gen. pi. nyxoHb. kitchencnajibHH gen. pi. cnaJien bedroomCTOjiOBaa /. dining-roomLannaH /. bathroom6ajiKOH m. balconyKpbima /. roof
Tpyoa /., pi. Tpy6ii chimneyjih({>t m. lift
jiecTHHn;a /. staircase
nepHJia no sing, railings
ffsepb /., gen. pi. £Bepeu doorokho neut., pi. OKHa, okoh, OKnaM
windownoji m,
7prepos. ua nojiy, pi. hojih
floor
noTOJioK m.,gen. noTOJina ceiling
CTeHa /., acc. deny, pi. cxenn wallnoAOKOHHHK m. window-sill3aMOK m., gen. 3aMKa lock, padlockKJifoq m., gen. KJiiona key
FURNITURE
ctoji m., gen. CTOJia tablectvji m., pi. CTyJibH chairinKa({> m., prepos. b mKa<J>y & o inna-
te, pi. niKa<J)H cupboard, wardrobekhhjkhhh mKa<f> m. bookcase6y4>eT m. buffet, dressercepeaHT m. sideboardRHBaH m. divan.
KpecJio neut., gen. pi. Kpeceji armchairKpoBaTb /. bedTyMoo iiKa /., gen. pi. TyM6oneK bed-
side tableBexxiajiKa /., gen. pi. BcniaJiOK hanger
PLATES, DISHES, ETC.
TapejiKa gen. pi. TapenoK plate
CTanaH m. glass, tumbleriiamKa /., gen. pi. *iameK cup6jiK>fln,e neut., gen. pi. 6ju6#erj; saucerBHJiKa /., gen. pi. bhjiok fork
Ji6>KKa /., gen. pi. JiojKeK spoonhojk m., gen. iio?Ka knife
KacTpio^fi /. sauce-panCKOBopo^a /., pi. cKOBopoAti frying-
pannoftHOC m. tray
MafiHHK m. teapot, teakettle
KppKKa /., gen. pi. KpyjKen mugKysiuHH m. jug6~aHKa /., gen. pi. 6aeoK jar
6yTfcJjiKa /., gen. pi. 6yTHjiOK bottle
Ba3a /. vaserpa<f>HH m. carafe
ooKaji m. wine-glasspEOMKa /., gen. pi. piOMOK liqueur
glass
FOOD-STUFFS
xjie6 m. breadMacJio neut., no pi.: cJiHBoqHoe Maejio
butter, pacTHTeJibHoe MacJio oil
hhijo neut., pi. hhucU hhh; eggCbip m., pi. CHpM cheesecjihbkm pi. creamCMeTana /., no pi. sour creamTBopor m., no pi. cottage cheese
Ke^)np m. , no pi, kefir
mojioko neut., no pi. milkmhco neut., no pi. meatpw6a /, fish
KOHcepsbi pi. preserves
177
K0Ji6aca /. sausage
rop<moa /. mustardnepeu, m., gen. n^pna peppercojib /., no pi. salt
Kpyna /., pi. Kpynn groats
eaxap m., no pi. sugarKOH(f>eTa /. sweetne^enbe neat., no pi. pastry, biscuits
Bapenbe neut. jammoKOJiaA m., no pi. chocolate
weft m.tno pi. honey
MopoHcenoe neut., gen. MopoHceHoro,no pi. ice-cream
nnpojKHoe neut., gen. nnpoHsnoro, pi.
napoJKHHe fancy cake
bhho neut., pi. Bnea wineBo^Ka /. vodka
Dishes
a) sanerpeT m. Russian saladHKpa /., no pi. caviareceJib^b gen. pi. cejibjien herringcajiaT m. - salad
b) 6yjibOH m. brothcyn m., pi. cynw soupeuh pi., no sing. us,eu t maM, niaMH,
(o) max cabbage soupSopau; : m., gen. 6opma borsch
(beetroot soup)paccojibHHK m. soup with pickled
cucumbers, capers, etc.
jianraa /., no pi. noodle soupc) 6n<|)raTeKc m. beefsteak
ryjiHin m. goulashKOTJieTa /. rissole, cutlet
poMnrreKe m. rumpsteakne^eHKa /., no pi. liver
cwpHHKH pi. cottage-cheese pan-cakes
mHHcteJib m. schnitzel
HH^HHrja [-niH-] /. fried eggsd) MaicapoHM pi. macaroni
Kama /. cereal puddingpac m., no pi. rice
e) KaKao neut. indecl. cocoaKO(})e m., indecl. coffee
*ian m., no pi. tea
komitot m. stewed fruit
KHcejib m., gen. KnceJin thin (fruit)
jelly"
Fruit, Berries, Vegetables
a5pHKoc m. apricot
anaHac m. pineapple
aneJibCHH m. orange6aHaH m. bananarpyma /. pearjihmoh m. lemonManftapHH m. tangerinenepeHK m. peachh6jioko neut., pi. h6jiokh, gen. h6jiok
appleBHHorpaA m. grapesMopKOBb /., no pi. carrots
orypecc m., gen. orypna cucumbernoMiiAop m. tomatoBHfflHH /., gen. pi. BBinen cherry
Kjiy^HHKa /., no pi. strawberries
cjiHsa /. plum^epenraa /., gen. pL ^epemeH sweet
cherry
ap6y3 m. water-melonAuhh /, melonropox m., no pi. peas
KanycTa /., no pi. cabbageKapTO<|)eJib m., no pi. potatoes .
jiyK m., no pi. onion(s)CBeKJia /., no pi. beetroot
pen;iic m., no pi. radishes
pejxwcKa /., colloq. radishes
<{)ac6jib /., no pi. French beans
PLANTS
Trees
6epc3a /. birch
#y6 m., pi. av6h, -6b oakenb /. fir-tree
iisa /. willowKejm m. cedarKJien m. mapleocHiia /. aspennaJibMa /. palmcocHa /., pi. cochh, cocen pine-tree
Flowers
acTpa /. aster
BacHJieK m., gen. BacnJibKa corn-flower
jraiiAbim m. lily-of-the-valley
MaK m. poppyHe3a5yAKa gen. pi. ne3a6yff0K
forget-me-not<|)HajrKa /., gen. pi. $naJiOK violet
pOMamKa /'., gen. pi. poMameK daisy
p03a /. rose
178
Cereals
icyKypy3a no pi. maizeosec m., gen. obcel oats
nmeHHi^a /., no pi. wheatpoTKb /., gen. p?KH, no pi. ryepnc m.
tno pi. rice
ANIMALS AND BIRDS
Wild Animals
bojik m., gen. pi. bojikob wolfem m., gen. ema. hedgehog3aan; m., gen. 3aHH;a harekpokoahji m. crocodile
jieB m., gen-, jrbsa lionJinca /. , pi. jihch foxMeRsejjb m. bearo6e3bflHa /. monkey, apecjioh m,
tgen. cjiosa elephant
THrp m. tiger
lepenaxa /. tortoise
Domestic Animals
Bep6jn6fl m. camelboji m., gen. BOJia oxK03a /., pi. ko3li goatKOpOBa /. cowKomKa /., gen. pi. noineK cat
jiomaftfc /. ,gen. pi. JiomaAen horse
OBn;a /., pi. obitm, OBen, sheepoceji m., gen. ocjia donkeyco6aKa /. dogCBHHbfi pi, CBHHBH, CBHHeH pig
Birds
BopoSefi m., gen. BopoSbH sparrowBopoHa /. crow
rojiy6b m., gen. pi. rojiySen pigeon,dove
rycb m.%gen. pi. rycen goose
HHffioK m.t gen. HH£K>Ka turkey
K^pni^a /., pi. Ky pti henjie6eAB m., gen. pi. jxe6efleH swanopeji m., gen. opjia. eagle
nonyrafi m. parrot
nasjiHH m. pea-cockcTpayc m. ostrich
yTKa /., gen. pi. yTOK duck
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
a30T m. nitrogenajiiOMHHHH m. aluminium6poM m. bromineBo^opofl m. hydrogenrejiHH m. helium5KeJie30 neut. iron30Jioto neut. goldhoa m. iodineKajiE»i rn. potassiumcepa /. sulphurcepe6po neut. silver
CTpOHn;HH m. strontiumCBHHeo, m., gen. CBimna lead
KHCJiopo^ m. oxygenMe#b /. copperHaTpnfi m. sodiumHHKejib m. nickelojiobo neut. tinpa#HH m. radiumpTVTb /. mercuryyrjiepoA m. carbonypaH m. uranium<j>6c$op m. phosphorusxjiop m. chlorine
A CATALOGUE OF SELECTED DOVER BOOKSIN ALL FIELDS OF INTEREST
A CATALOG OF SELECTED DOVERBOOKS IN ALL FIELDS OF INTEREST
THE ART NOUVEAU STYLE, edited by Roberta Waddell. 579 rare photographs
of works in jewelry, metalwork, glass, ceramics, textiles, architecture and furniture
by 175 artists—Mucha, Seguy, Lalique, Tiffany, many others. 288pp. 8M x \ \V4 .
23515-7 Pa. $8.95
AMERICAN COUNTRY HOUSES OF THE GILDED AGE (Sheldon's "Artistic
Country-Seats"), A. Lewis. All of Sheldon's fascinating and historically importantphotographs and plans. New text by Arnold Lewis. Approx. 200 illustrations.
128pp. m x \2%. 24301-X Pa. $7.95
THE WAY WE LIVE NOW, Anthony Trollope. Trollope's late masterpiece,
marks shift to bitter satire. Character Melmotte "his greatest villain." Reproducedfrom original edition with 40 illustrations. 416pp. 6V& x 9M. 24360-5 Pa. $7.95
BENCHLEY LOST AND FOUND, Robert Benchley. Finest humor from early
30's, about pet peeves, child psychologists, post office and others. Mostlyunavailable elsewhere. 73 illustrations by Peter Arno and others. 183pp. 5% x 8W.
22410-4 Pa. $3.50
ISOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE DESIGNS ANDHOW TO CREATE THEM, JohnLocke. Isometric perspective is the picture of an object adrift in imaginary space. 75
mindboggling designs. 52pp. 8M x n. 24123-8 Pa. $2.50
PERSPECTIVE FOR ARTISTS, Rex Vicat Cole. Depth, perspective of sky and sea,
shadows, much more, not usually covered. 391 diagrams, 81 reproductions of
drawings and paintings. 279pp. 5 3/s x 8Vz. 22487-2 Pa. $4.00
MOVIE-STAR PORTRAITS OF THE FORTIES, edited by John KobaL 163
glamor, studio photos of 106 stars of the 1940s: Rita Hayworth, Ava Gardner,
Marlon Brando, Clark Gable, many more. 176pp. 8% x 1 VA. 23546-7 Pa. $6.95
STARS OF THE BROADWAY STAGE, 1940-1967, Fred Fehl. Marlon Brando,
Uta Hagen, John Kerr, John Gielgud, Jessica Tandy in great shows
—
SouthPacific, Galileo, West Side Story, more. 240 black-and-white photos. 144pp. 8% x
\VA. 24398-2 Pa. $8.95
ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE, edited by
Cyril M. Harris. Extraordinary compendium of clear, concise definitions for over
5000 important architectural terms complemented by over 2000 line drawings.
592pp. T/z x 9%.' ' 24444-X Pa. $14.95
THE EARLY WORK OF FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, F.L. Wright. 207 rare
photos of Oak Park period, first great buildings: Unity Temple, Dana house,
Larkin factory. Complete photos of Wasmuth edition. New Introduction. 160pp. 8%
xllK.*
24381-8 Pa. $7.50
LIVING MY LIFE, Emma Goldman. Candid, no holds barred account by foremost
American anarchist: her own life, anarchist movement, famous contemporaries,
ideas and their impact 944pp. 5 3/s x 8J1 22543-7, 22544-5 Pa., Two-vol. set $13.00
UNDERSTANDING THERMODYNAMICS, H.C. Van Ness. Clear, lucid treat-
ment of first and second laws of thermodynamics. Excellent supplement to basic
textbook in undergraduate science or engineering class. 103pp. 5% x 8.
63277-6 Pa. $3.50
CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
CHILDREN'S BOOKPLATES AND LABELS, Ed Sibbett,Jr.6 each of 12 types
based on Wizard of Oz, Alice, nursery rhymes, fairy tales. Perforated; full color.
24pp. m x 11.'
23538-6 Pa. $2.95
READY-TO-USE VICTORIAN COLOR STICKERS: 96 Pressure-Sensitive Seals,
Carol Belanger Grafton. Drawn from authentic period sources. Motifs include
heads of men, women, children, plus florals, animals, birds, more. Will adhere to
any clean surface. 8pp. 8^ 11, 24551-9 Pa. $2.95
CUT AND FOLD PAPER SPACESHIPS THAT FLY, Michael Grater. 16
colorful, easy-to-build spaceships that really fly. Star Shuttle, Lunar Freighter, Star
Probe, 13 others. 32pp. 8W x 11. 23978-0 Pa. $2.50
CUT AND ASSEMBLE PAPER AIRPLANES THAT FLY, Arthur Baker. 8aerodynamically sound, ready-to-build paper airplanes, designed with latest
techniques. Fly Pegasus, Daedalus, Songbird, 5 other aircraft. Instructions. 52pp.9M x 1 1!4. 24302-8 Pa. $3.95
SIDELIGHTS ON RELATIVITY, Albert Einstein. Two lectures delivered in
1920-21: Ether and Relativity and Geometry and Experience. Elegant ideas in
non-mathematical form. 56pp. 5% x 8& 2451 1-X Pa. $2.25
FADS AND FALLACIES IN THE NAME OF SCIENCE, Martin Gardner. Fair,
witty appraisal of cranks and quacks of science: Velikovsky, orgone energy, BrideyMurphy, medical fads, etc. 373pp. 5% x 8& 20394-8 Pa. $5.50
VACATION HOMES AND CABINS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Complete plans
for 16 cabins, vacation homes and other shelters. 105pp. 9 x 12. 23631-5 Pa. $4.50
HOW TO BUILD A WOOD-FRAME HOUSE, L.O. Anderson. Placement,
foundations, framing, sheathing, roof, insulation, plaster, finishing—almosteverything else. 179 illustrations. 223pp. 1% x WA. ' 22954-8 Pa. $5.50
THE MYSTERY OF A HANSOM CAB, Fergus W. Hume. Bizarre murder in a
hansom cab leads to engrossing investigation. Memorable characters, rich atmo-sphere. 19th-century bestseller, still enjoyable, exciting. 256pp. b% x 8.
21956-9 Pa. $4.00
MANUAL OF TRADITIONAL WOOD CARVING, edited by Paul N. Hasluck.
Possibly the best book in English on the craft of wood carving. Practical
instructions, along with 1,146 working drawings and photographic illustrations,
576pp. x 9!4.
1
" 23489-4 Pa. $8.95
WHITTLING AND WOODCARVING, EJ Tangerman. Best book on market;
clear, full. If you can cut a potato, you can carve toys, puzzles, chains, etc. Over 464
illustrations. 293pp. $% x m. "
20965-2 Pa. $4.95
AMERICAN TRADEMARK DESIGNS, Barbara Baer Capitman. 732 marks, logos
and corporate-identity symbols. Categories include entertainment, heavy industry,
food and beverage. All black-and-white in standard forms. 160pp. 8^ x H.23259-X Pa. $6.00
DECORATIVE FRAMES AND BORDERS, edited by Edmund V. Gillon, Jr.
Largest collection of borders and frames ever compiled for use of artists anddesigners. Renaissance, neo-Greek, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, to mention only a few
styles. 396 illustrations. 192pp. $% x 1 VA. 22928-9 Pa. $6.00
CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
SMOCKING: TECHNIQUE, PROJECTS, AND DESIGNS, Dianne Durand.
Foremost smocking designer provides complete instructions on how to smock.
Over 10 projects, over 100 illustrations. 56pp. 8K x 11. 23788-5 Pa. $2.00
AUDUBON'S BIRDS IN COLOR FOR DECOUPAGE, edited by Eleanor H.Rawlings. 24 sheets, 37 most decorative birds, full color, on one side of paper.
Instructions, including work under glass. 56pp. 8M x H. 23492-4 Pa. $3.50
THE COMPLETE BOOK OF SILK SCREEN PRINTING PRODUCTION, J.I.
Biegeleisen. For commercial user, teacher in advanced classes, serious hobbyist.
Most modern techniques, materials, equipment for optimal results. 124 illus-
trations. 253pp. 5% x 8J1 21 100-2 Pa. $4.50
A TREASURY OF ART NOUVEAU DESIGN AND ORNAMENT, edited byCarol Belanger Grafton. 577 designs for the practicing artist. Full-page, spots,
borders, bookplates by Klimt, Bradley, others. 144pp. 8% x 1 VA. 24001-0 Pa. $5.00
ART NOUVEAU TYPOGRAPHIC ORNAMENTS, Dan X. Solo. Over 800 Art
Nouveau florals, swirls, women, animals, borders, scrolls, wreaths; spots anddingbats, copyright-free. 100pp. 8% x 11. 24366-4 Pa. $4.00
HAND SHADOWS TO BE THROWN UPON THE WALL, Henry Bursill.
Wonderful Victorian novelty tells how to make flying birds, dog, goose, deer, and 1
4
others, each explained by a full-page illustration. 32pp. 6% x 9M. 21779-5 Pa. $1.50
AUDUBON'S BIRDS OFAMERICA COLORING BOOK, John James Audubon.Rendered for coloring by Paul Kennedy. 46 of Audubon's noted illustrations:
red-winged black-bird, cardinal, etc. Original plates reproduced in full-color on the
covers. Captions. 48pp. 8 !
i x 11. "
4
23049-X Pa. $2.25
SILK SCREEN TECHNIQUES, J.I. Biegeleisen, M.A. Cohn. Clear, practical,
modern, economical. Minimal equipment (self-built), materials, easy methods. Foramateur, hobbyist, 1st book. 141 illustrations. 185pp. 6% x 9M. 20433-2 Pa. $3.95
101 PATCHWORK PATTERNS, Ruby S. McKim. 101 beautiful, immediately
useable patterns, full-size, modern and traditional. Also general information,
estimating, quilt lore. 140 illustrations. 124pp. Tk x 10%. 20773-0 Pa. $3.50
READY-TO-USE FLORAL DESIGNS, Ed Sibbett, Jr. Over 100 floral designs
(most in three sizes) of popular individual blossoms as well as bouquets, sprays,
garlands. 64pp., px 11. 23976-4 Pa. $2.95
AMERICAN WILD FLOWERS COLORING BOOK, Paul Kennedy. Plannedcoverage of 46 most important wildflowers, from Rickett's collection; instructive as
well as entertaining. Color versions on covers. Captions. 48pp. 8'ixU.20095-7 Pa. $2.25
CARVING DUCK DECOYS, Harry V. Shourds and Anthony Hillman. Detailed
instructions and full-size templates for constructing 16 beautiful, marvelously
practical decoys according to time-honored South Jersey method. 70pp. 9M x 12^,"
- 24083-5 Pa. $4.95
TRADITIONAL PATCHWORK PATTERNS, Carol Belanger Grafton. Card-
board cut-out pieces for use as templates to make 12 quilts: Buttercup, RibbonBorder, Tree of Paradise, nine more. Full instructions. 57pp. S lA x 1 1
.
23015-5 Pa. $3.50
CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
25 KITES THAT FLY, Leslie Hunt. Full, easy-to-follow instructions for kites
made from inexpensive materials. Many novelties. 70 illustrations. 1 10pp. 5% x 8&22550-X Pa. $1.95
PIANO TUNING, J. Cree Fischer. Clearest, best book for beginner, amateur.
Simple repairs, raising dropped notes, tuning by easy method of flattened fifths. Noprevious skills needed. 4 illustrations. 201pp. 5% x m. 23267-0 Pa. $3.50
EARLY AMERICAN IRON-ON TRANSFER PATTERNS, edited by Rita Weiss.
75 designs, borders, alphabets, from traditional American sources. 48pp. S% x 11.
23162-3 Pa. $1.95
CROCHETING EDGINGS; edited by Rita Weiss. Over 100 of the best designs for
these lovely trims for a host of household items. Complete instructions, illustra-
tions. 48pp. m x 1 1 . 2403 1 -2 Pa. $2.00
FINGER PLAYS FOR NURSERY AND KINDERGARTEN, Emilie Poulsson. 18
finger plays with music (voice and piano); entertaining, instructive. Counting,nature lore, etc. Victorian classic. 53 illustrations. 80pp. &A x 9A. 22588-7 Pa. $1.95
BOSTON THEN AND NOW, Peter Vanderwarker. Here in 59 side-by-side views
are photographic documentations of the city's past and present. 119 photographs.
Full captions. 122pp. 8tf x 1 1.'
' 24312-5 Pa. $6.95
CROCHETING BEDSPREADS, edited by Rita Weiss. 22 patterns, originally
published in three instruction books 1939-41. 39 photos, 8 charts. Instructions.
48pp. 8Mxll. 23610-2 Pa. $2.00
HAWTHORNE ON PAINTING, Charles W. Hawthorne. Collected from notes
taken by students at famous Cape Cod School; hundreds of direct, personal apercus,
ideas, suggestions. 91pp. 5% x 8!4. 20653-X Pa. $2.50
THERMODYNAMICS, Enrico Fermi. A classic of modern science. Clear, organ-
ized treatment of systems, first and second laws, entropy, thermodynamic poten-
tials, etc. Calculus required. 160pp. b% x 8& * 60361-X Pa. $4.00
TEN BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURE, Vitruvius. The most important book ever
written on architecture. Early Roman aesthetics, technology; classical orders, site
selection, all other aspects. Morgan translation. 331pp. 5% x 8& 20645-9 Pa. $5.50
THE CORNELL BREAD BOOK, Clive M. McCay and Jeanette B. McCay. Famedhigh-protein recipe incorporated into breads, rolls, buns, coffee cakes, pizza, pie
crusts, more. Nearly 50 illustrations. 48pp. 814 x 1L 23995-0 Pa. $2.00
THE CRAFTSMAN'S HANDBOOK, Cennino Cennini. 15th-century handbook,
school of Giotto, explains applying gold, silver leaf; gesso; fresco painting,
grinding pigments, etc. 142pp. 6K x 9K.~ 20054-X Pa. $3.50
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT'S FALLINGWATER, Donald Hoffmann. Full story
of Wright's masterwork at Bear Run, Pa. 1 00 photographs of site, construction, anddetails of completed structure. 1 12pp. 9M x 10. 23671-4 Pa. $6.50
OVAL STAINED GLASS PATTERN BOOK, C. Eaton. 60 new designs framed in
shape of an oval. Greater complexity, challenge with sinuous cats, birds, mandalas
framed in antique shape. 64pp. M x 11. ~ 24519-5 Pa. $3.50
CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
THE MURDER BOOK OF J.G. REEDER, Edgar Wallace. Eight suspenseful
stories by bestselling mystery writer of 20s and 30s. Features the donnish Mr. J.G.Reeder of Public Prosecutor's Office. 128pp. 5% x m. (Available in U.S. only)
24374-~5 Pa. $3.50
ANNE ORR'S CHARTED DESIGNS, Anne Orr. Best designs by premierneedlework designer, all on charts: flowers, borders, birds, children, alphabets, etc.
Over 100 charts, 10 in color. Total of 40pp. 8W x 11. 23704-4 Pa. $2.25
BASIC CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR HOUSES AND SMALLBUILDINGS SIMPLY EXPLAINED, U.S. Bureau of Naval Personnel. Grading,
masonry, woodworking, floor and wall framing, roof framing, plastering, tile
setting, much more. Over 675 illustrations. 568pp. &A x 9H. 20242-9 Pa. $8.95
MATISSE LINE DRAWINGS AND PRINTS, Henri Matisse. Representative
collection of female nudes, faces, still lifes, experimental works, etc., from 1898 to
1948. 50 illustrations. 48pp. 8% x WA. 23877-6 Pa. $2.50
HOW TO PLAY THE CHESS OPENINGS, Eugene Znosko-Borovsky. Clear,
profound examinations of just what each opening is intended to do and howopponent can counter. Many sample games. 147pp. 5% x 8& 22795-2 Pa. $2.95
DUPLICATE BRIDGE, Alfred Sheinwold. Clear, thorough, easily followed
account: rules, etiquette, scoring, strategy, bidding; Goren's point-count system,
Blackwood and Gerber conventions, etc. 158pp. 5% x m. 22741-3 Pa. $3.00
SARGENT PORTRAIT DRAWINGS, J.S. Sargent. Collection of 42 portraits
reveals technical skill and intuitive eye of noted American portrait painter, JohnSinger Sargent. 48pp. m x 1 \%,
*
24524-1 Pa. $2.95
ENTERTAINING SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS WITH EVERYDAY OBJECTS,Martin Gardner. Over 100 experiments for youngsters. Will amuse, astonish, teach,
and entertain. Over 100 illustrations. 127pp. 5% x SVz. 24201-3 Pa. $2.50
TEDDY BEAR PAPER DOLLS IN FULL COLOR: A Family of Four Bears andTheir Costumes, Crystal Collins. A family of four Teddy Bear paper dolls andnearly 60 cut-out costumes. Full color, printed one side only. 32pp. 9% x \2Vi.
24550-0 Pa. $3.50
NEW CALLIGRAPHIC ORNAMENTS AND FLOURISHES, Arthur Baker.
Unusual, multi-useable material: arrows, pointing hands, brackets and frames,
ovals, swirls, birds, etc. Nearly 700 illustrations. 80pp. 8% x \\yit
24095-9 Pa. $3.50
DINOSAUR DIORAMAS TO CUT 8c ASSEMBLE, M. Kalmenoff. Two complete
three-dimensional scenes in full color, with 31 cut-out animals and plants.
Excellent educational toy for youngsters. Instructions; 2 assembly diagrams. 32pp.
9K x 12%."
24541-1 Pa. $3.95
SILHOUETTES: A PICTORIAL ARCHIVE OF VARIED ILLUSTRATIONS,edited by Carol Belanger Grafton. Over 600 silhouettes from the 18th to 20th
centuries. Profiles and full figures of men, women, children, birds, animals, groups
and scenes, nature, ships, an alphabet. 144pp. 8% x 1 VA. 23781-8 Pa. $4.50
CATALOG OF DOVER BOOKS
READY-TO-USE BORDERS, Ted Menten. Both traditional and unusual inter-
changeable borders in a tremendous array of sizes, shapes, and styles. 32 plates.
64pp. 8 l/4 x 11. - _ 23782-6 Pa. $2.95
THE WHOLE CRAFT OF SPINNING, Carol Kroll. Preparing fiber, dropspindle, treadle wheel, other fibers, more. Highly creative, yet simple. 43 illus-
trations. 48pp. m x 1 1."
23968-3 Pa. $2.50
HIDDEN PICTURE PUZZLE COLORING BOOK, Anna Pomaska. 31 delightful
pictures to color with dozens of objects, people and animals hidden away to find.
Captions. Solutions. 48pp. m x 11. " * 23909-8 Pa. $2.25
QUILTING WITH STRIPS AND STRINGS, H.W. Rose. Quickest, easiest way to
turn left-over fabric into handsome quilt. 46 patchwork quilts; 31 full-size
templates. 48pp. 8V< x 11. 24357-5 Pa. $3.25
NATURAL DYES AND HOME DYEING, Rita J. Adrosko. Over 135 specific
recipes from historical sources for cotton, wool, other fabrics. Genuine premodernhandicrafts. 12 illustrations. 160pp. 5% x 8& 22688-3 Pa. $2.95
CARVING REALISTIC BIRDS, H.D. Green. Full-sized patterns, step-by-step
instructions for robins, jays, cardinals, finches, etc. 97 illustrations. 80pp ;
23484-3 Pa. $3.00
GEOMETRY, RELATIVITY AND THE FOURTH DIMENSION, RudolfRucker. Exposition of fourth dimension, concepts of relativity as Flatland
characters continue adventures. Popular, easily followed yet accurate, profound.
141 illustrations. 133pp. 5% x 8& '
23400-2 Pa. $2.75
READY-TO-USE SMALL FRAMES AND BORDERS, Carol B. Grafton. Graphicmessage? Frame it graphically with 373 new frames and borders in manystyles: Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Op Art. 64pp. S lA x 11. 24375-3 Pa. $2.95
CELTIC ART: THE METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION, George Bain. Simplegeometric techniques for making Celtic interlacements, spirals, Kellstype initials,
animals, humans, etc. Over 500 illustrations. 1 60pp. 9x12. (Available in U.S. only)
22923-8 Pa. $6.00
THE TALE OF TOM KITTEN, Beatrix Potter. Exciting text and all 27 vivid,
full-color illustrations to charming tale of naughty littleTom getting into mischief
again. 58pp. 4X x 5& 24502-0 Pa. $1.50
WOODEN PUZZLE TOYS, Ed Sibbett, Jr. Transfer patterns and instructions for
24 easy-to-do projects: fish, butterflies, cats, acrobats, Humpty Dumpty, 19 others.
48pp. SlA x ll. 23713-3 Pa. $2.50
MY FAMILY TREE WORKBOOK, Rosemary A. Chorzempa. Enjoyable, easy-to-
use introduction to genealogy designed specially for children. Data pages plus text.
Instructive, educational, valuable. 64pp. &% x 1 L 24229-3 Pa. $2.25
Prices subject to change without notice.
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music, art, literary history, social sciences and other areas.
{continuedfrom front flap)
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A FOUNDATIONDICTIONARY OF
B. G. ANPILOGOVA ARID OTHERS
Prepared by a team of topnotch Russian linguists and educators,
this book was specially designed for the English speaker who is
studying Russian. It consists of 3000 of the highest frequency Russian
words, carefully selected and analyzed according to submeanings. In
addition to lexical and grammatical data, it gives ready-made sen-
tences and phrases for each word (in both English and Russian),
illustrating exact idiomatic usage.
This dictionary is one of the handiest tools for a teacher, a beginner
or intermediate student in Russian studies. It is probably the only
high semantic-frequency list generally available for Russian, andthe only established list that provides all the words one should knowto have a basic, useable Russian vocabulary. All this material is
presented in sentence form, making it easy to learn.
Unabridged, unaltered republication. Formerly titled Essential Rus-sian-English Dictionary, 178pp. 5% x 8i/
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A DOVER EDITION DESIGNED FOR YEARS OF USE!
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