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Dutch involvement in Vietnam
initiating
1995-2007
Vietnam
Inspection1996
Dike breach 1995
2005
1995 before breach
Typhoon 2006
Vietnam
Closing
Transfer know-how
National - International
Cooperation Rijkswaterstaat/DWW- MARD/DDMFC/HWRU: 1995-2007
Closing Ceremony 2 March 2007, Hanoi
LETTER OF INTENT
The co-operation programme for the year 2003- 2006Between
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)/Department of Dike Management and Flood Control (DDMFC), Vietnam
And
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (RWS)/Road and Hydraulic Engineering Division, the Netherlands
-------------------------------------
10 years of Co-operation: 1996 - 2006
- exchange of experiences and technical assistance for the completion and publicationof guidlines for dikes,- support in development of national safety standards in respect to flood protection, - support in training of technical staff (short courses, IHE, training NL/DWW), and- organize 'help-desk' for actual questions in the scope of projects under realization.
(Low-cost cooperation; limited budget, about $ 25 000/year)
FAO-UNDP project 525 (1995 – 2000); 360km dikes rehabilitation
1996
Capacity building; DDMFC, HWRU
WRUCE !!!! Coastal Engineering (IHE, TUDelft)
Education (also english !)
Co-operation
- national
- international
Communication
Public awareness
Important items:
Short-course VietnamShort courses & Seminars:
ICCE 1996 first participationof Vietnam
Vietnam 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006, 2007
+IHE (1 person per year)
+ training at DWW
Transfer know-how (technology transfer)
1996
Tuan and Cat
IHE
First investment in 1997
Tuan and Cat preparedVietnamese diner at student hotel
and in 2007
Dr. Cat
– dean Coastal Engineering
Tuan – PhD TU Delft
New generation of scientific staff
New generation of Tuan
Many changes in this 10 years
2007
Visit Vietnamese delegation withProf. Hong, Vice-Minister; dec. 1998
Contact HWRU in 1998
Do not forget Gerrit-Jan Schireck
Initiating workshop HWRU/Coastal Engineering in 1999
Also
(Prof. Bao – rector HWRU 1995)
Prof. Le Kim Truyen/ HWRU
And
Nico Bakker/RNE
Vietnamese students in NLColijnsplaat (1953 monument)
Tet’06
Tet’05
Vietnamese visits
Tuan as interpreter
5 december 2003: final
meeting DDMFC
Also a number of technicalmissions
Seminar: Presentation of
preliminary mission findings
Bank Erosion in Mekong Delta en Red River
Guidelines on Water Defences
Technical Repor(s)Hydraulic &
GeotechnicalBoundary Conditions
Technical Report(s)GeotechnicalInvestigationsCalculations
Technical Report (s)Hydraulic Design
RevetmentsGrass mats
Technical report(s)Execution
MaintenanceSafety monitoring
Guidelines Fundamentals(River Dikes)(Sea Dikes)
(Coast & Dunes)
Keep know-how updated; regulations, technical documents, knowledge and techniques (also post-academial education)
You do not need to do everything by yourself but you need to have properlyeducated people with working knowledge of english (invest in people);
Quality of service depends on quality of people and organisational system
Money???
Wind + waves
currents
Water levels
Hydraulic conditionsIntegrated
multidisciplinary approach
Threats and Loads
Piping orUplift
And calculationof strength
Multidisciplinary teamwork needed
Integratedmultidisciplinary
approach
Hydraulic conditions
Groundwater flow
Drainage
Composition of soil
Surface erosion
New design codes 2002-2003
• Guide Sea Dikes and Coastal Structures
• Guide River Dikes
But also
• 1st studies on Ring Dike approach/ probabilistic approach
• Nam Dinh studies
• VNCZM project
• Mission reports
(still need upgrading)
Co-operation
National & International
is of importance !!!!
Vietnamese Technical Advisory Committee onWater Defences ????
RWS/BD
Co-operation NLTechnical Advisory Committee on Water Defences (TAW)
RWS/DWWWater Defences
FinalResult
RWS/RIZA
RWS/RIKZ
WaterboardsProvinces
GeoDelft
Contractors Consultants
TU DelftUniversities
Delft Hydraulics
TAW productsguidelines, software
Expertise Network Water Defences/ENW)
Vietnamese Technical Advisory Committee on Water Defences
Integrated approach
Conclusions
Transfer of knowledge from abroad and
Adaptation to local conditions by your
(properly educated/trained) staff
is the most profitable investment
Development of
knowledge
costs money !
Import of
know-how is
(often) cheaper
StatementCountry in developing should apply
modern/sophisticated safety approach and
calculation/design techniques to define
situation as close to reality as possible;it provides a proper/objective instrument for
policy/decision making level
Bridge between
Research andPractice
Countries
State and Public
(communication)
clay
Block revetments
grass
clay
Design water level depends on choosen design frequency;
but the nature does not count on that
Lower design level/ higher frequency
Higher design level/ lower frequency Overtopping and
erosion
Safety standards
Attention to progress of damage after exceeding design conditions
Safety Standards
Design frequency
• Vietnam, China, etc.
• 1/20 actual
• 1/50
• 1/100
• 1/500
• 1/1000
Future; Risk-based approach:
probability x consequences (???!!!)
Aspects:
Fresh water (rivers)
Salt water (sea)
Low-lying land or not ?
Cities (population)
Economic areas (industry)
Safety versus design standard:5% = 1/20 years ?
For 5% the dike crest is about MSL+7m
Actual Vietnamese dikes probably no more than:
Crest of dikes 20% = 1/5 years (MSL+5m)
(frequent overtopped dikes)
However, the strength of revetments, including crest and inner slope, should be adequate to
resist at least the attack of typhoons such as No.2 and No.7 (Damrey).
Therefore, the loading by these typhoons should be studied and lessons should be learnt;
Transparency
There is no “golden receipt” against floods
There is no “absolute safety” for ever
Coping with Floods is an international problem
We have to joint the forces and exchange our
experience
We cannot avoid disasters/floods/erosionbut we have (must) to minimize the
consequences, and to be prepared for that
Inspection and Safety
Assessment vs. maintenance
failure
design
time
strength
warningaction
criteria from design guidelines
light damage (start of failure)
breach = failure
good(safe)
sufficient(not unsafe)
insufficient(unsafe)
strength(load)
It helps to take proper measures on time
Some General Conclusions
“Remember Yesterday, Dream about Tomorrow but Live Today”
“Remember Yesterday, Dream about Tomorrow but Live Today”
It was a nice and fruitful time for both parties
Capacity building
Some things never change = good workmanship
Training; short-courses, post-academic education
Co-operation with Universities: Master and/or Doctoral Thesis
Guest Lectures by professional engineers
Dictates/lecture notes and training for Higher and Lower
Technical Education
Make (optimal) use of engineers graduated at IHE or elswhere:
- translate their thesises
- organize Seminars for presentation and making acquaintance
- use them in a help desk
- involve them in Working Groups
- provide them free-voice conditions; more room for new ideas;
- (protect them from actual bureaucratic structure; the bos is not always right)
(also WRUCE)
Learning by doing: put young engineers in foreign projects (english!!??)
1. General remarks
Remember: Everybody has a role and responsibility (on each level)
Believe in yourself; you know and understand situation better than foreign experts
-
- Foreign consultant/expert can only advice, you have to do it by yourself (learn
from expert)
- - Give chance/opportunity to new (young) generation
- - Do not waste the investment in a new generation
- - Joint the forces (1 + 1 >2)
- - Cooperation (learn and stimulate cooperation within your own organization and
with organizations outside: Ministries, Universities, Consultants, Contractors,
Environmental Organizations/NGO’s, etc)
- - Integration of various national and international project to one total frame
(already made)
MARD/MONRE/PolicyDike Department/DDMFC
Provincial DARD’s/DDMFCDesign Office/Consultants
Supervision/QualityUpgrading knowledge (= continuous process)
(make better use of WRUCE and Geotechnical Faculty
Institutional reform
More decentralization
More local involvement
Shearing responsibilities
Databank
Institutional remarks
Co-operation needed
• Between ministries MARD – MONRE-Transport
• Within MARD/DDMFC
• Between Institutes
• Between Universities and Faculties
• International
• Upgrading documents
• Unification of Polices
Vietnamese Technical Advisory Committee on Water Defences
In conclusion:
May be
Developments
• Last decades:increase economical values,population (coastal and riverine areas)
• Large Disasters (Floods, Traffic, Planes, Fire, Earthquakes, Mud flow, etc.)
• Future developments: climate change, sea-levelrising, soil subsidence, air/water pollution
Bas Jonkman
Count on future
Rehabilitation seadikes after Damrey
Riverbank erosion
Closing
Transfer know-how
National - International
Cooperation Rijkswaterstaat/DWW- MARD/DDMFC/HWRU: 1995-2007
2 March 2007, Hanoi
Future ???
• WRU Coastal Engineering & GeotechnicalFaculty (continued, post-academialeducation)
• Dike program (MARD, WRUCE, and others)
• MoU RWS-MONRE (also dikes)
• Water Platform (RNE)
• Projects (more efficient use; learning bydoing )
GeotechnicalPLAXIS
introductory short course
Application of Plaxis software
In
Road and Hydraulic engineering
HWRU, 26/02 – 2/03 2007, Hanoi
on
Closing
Cooperation Rijkswaterstaat/DWW- MARD/DDMFC/HWRU: 1995-2007
Back for a moment to our course
Foreign Lectureres• Peter Thé, geotechnical and Plaxis expert,
Road and Hydraulic Engineering Institute, Delft, Rijkswaterstaat (= Dutch Public Works Dpt.)
• Jaap Deutekom, geotechnical consultant, TAUW Hydroengineering Consultancy, Utrecht, NL
• Paul Bonnier, Plaxis expert, Plaxis b.v. Delft
• Krystian Pilarczyk, hydraulic engineering consultant, formerly: Road and Hydraulic Engineering Institute, Delft, Rijkswaterstaat
Course leader: dr. Trinh Minh Thu; HWRU,
Head Division of Geotechnical Engineering
Vice President and General Secretary of Vietnam Societyfor Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
Thanks to
River dikes and PLAXIS
Engineering judgement
Conclusions
• Solving problems requires interdisciplinary teamwork
• Geotechnical knowledge is essential
• PLAXIS is only a calculation tool
• Engineering experience/judgement is essential in analysis of results
• This should be also included in educational process (make not too much boundries between faculties but stimulate cooperation)
GeotechnicalPLAXIS
introductory short course
Application of Plaxis softwarein
all Civil Engineering area’sneeds further (continued) education
But alsoTotal design of roads, dikes, banks,
revetments, etc.
It can be organized by WRU/ WRUCE/Geotechnical Faculty
This is
In future the follow-up is needed
Not everything is known/solved butwe may learn from each other
Goodbye my friends
with ‘dike’ lunch
Thank you for your attantion
Questions / remarks / additions?
Not everything is known/solved but we may learn from each other
