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Current Affairs with MCQs CA-1–CA-32
Indian Railways 1-30
General Science 31-74
Computers 75-104
Indian Panorama 105-120
World Panorama 121–136
Indian History 137-155
Indian Polity 156-166
Economy 167-176
Geography 177-186
Ecology and Environment 187-190
Art, Culture & Tourism 191-197
Communication, Media and Transport 198-204
Healthcare 205-208
Sports & Games 209-212
MCQs 213-235• Railways• General Knowledge
CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION• Itisthestateownedrailwaycompany
of India, overseen by the Ministry ofRailways.
• The first time a rail locomotive wasused in Indiaon21stDec.1851overGangaCanalnearTownRurki.
• First train in India ran between BoriBunder,BombaytoThaneonSaturday16th April 1853, with 14 carriages/coachesand400guestsandjourneyof33.81kmstaking1:15hrs. Itwasthefirstcommercialpassengerservice.
• By1947,therewere42railsystemorrailwaycompanies.
• The Great Indian Peninsula RailwaywasthefirstrailwaycompanyofIndia.
• The first train was hauled by threeengines-Sindh,SahibandSultan,theSteamLocomotives.
• The Great Indian Peninsula Railwaytooka setof8 locomotives fromVul-canFoundry,EnglandinthebeginningofoperationinIndia.
• InDecember1851,firststeamengineThomason was operated in Roorkee,secondwasnamedafterBombayGov-ernorasLordFalkland,andthirdwasusedastrialrunofthepassengertraininNov.1852.
• OnAugust15,1854, the firstpassen-ger train in eastern section ran be-tweenHowrahtoHooghly(24miles).
• OnMarch3,1859,NorthIndiagotitsfirst passenger train ran betweenAl-lahabadandKanpur(180Kms).
• In 1895, India startedmanufacturingitsownlocomotives.
• In September 1921, Acworth Com-mittee headed by William Acworthdecided to separate railway finances
from general finances. In 1904, theidea toelectrify the railnetworkwasproposed.
• In 1925, India’s first ever railwaybudgetwaspresented.
• ThefirstelectrictrainonFeb3,1925ranonMumbaiVictoriaTerminus(VT)- Kurla branch line, a distance of 16kms.
• In 1951, these 42 companies werenationalisedasoneunit.
• On April 14, 1951, Southern Railwaywasformed.
• On April 14, 1952, Northern Railwaywasformed.
• In1970,thelaststeamLocomotivewasrolledoutofChittaranjanLocomotiveworks. By 1985, steam Locomotiveswerephasedout.
• The third class in the IndianRailwaywasabolishedin1974.
• Railway Fund to assist victims ofrailwayaccidentswassetupin1974.
• In 1977, India got its first RailwayMuseum spreading over 10 acres inNewDelhi.
• On March 31, 1978, Railways weresplitinto9zones.
• OnOctober24,1984,KolkatabecamethefirstIndiancitywherefirstmetrorail ran 25 kms from Calcutta toDumdum.
• In 1985, steam locomotives werereplaced by diesel and electriclocomotives.
• In 1987, computerization ofreservation was first carried out inBombay.
• In 1989, Indian train numbers werestandardisedto4digits.
• On24march1994,firstlivetelecastofrailwaybudgettookplace.
INDIAN RAILWAYS SWOT
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• In1995,entirerailwayreservationwascomputerised through the railwaysinternet.
• In 1998 Konkan railway was openedforpublic.
• In 1999, Fairy Queen bagged theNational Tourism Award for mostinnovativeanduniqueTourismVenture.
• In2000,MamtaBanerjeebecamethefirstwomanRailwayMinisterofIndia.
• On December 24, 2002, Delhi MetroRail Corporation (DMRC) began itsoperationinDelhi.
• SixtimesRailBudgetswerepresentedby the Railway Minister Lalu PrasadYadavfrom2004to2009.
• On Monday, February 1, 2010 Wi-Fifacility was first launched at MysoreRailwaystation.
• On October 20, 2011, Bengaluru gotNammaMetro.
• OnJune8,2014,MumbaigotMumbaiMetroandMumbaiMonorail.
• The largest platform in India isKharagpur(W.B.),i.e.2733feetlong.
• The longest railway tunnel isKonkan(Maharashtra),i.e.65km.
• The longest rail bridge is acrossGodavaririveri.e.10052feetlong.
• Chenab Railway Bridge Kalra (J&K)359 metres/1177 feet will beworld’s highest bridge by Dec. 2016.It will surpass current tallest overBeipanjiang river in China (i.e. 275metershigh).
• The largest marshalling yard is atMughalSarai.
• Seven classes are at present: (1) AC-1T, (2) AC-2T, (3) AC-3T, (4) Sleeper,(5)ACchaircar,(6)Firstclassand(7)Secondclass.
SWOT ANALYSISStrengths• Indianrailwaysisthelifelineofthenation.• Indian railways has largest landpropertyinthecountry.
• It is the largest employer in IndiafollowedbyDefence.
• 13.36 Lakh gazetted and non-gazettedworkersarecurrentlyemployed.
• Its production units produce completerange of products in its area ofoperation,i.e.,DGsets,lococomponentsandsub-assemblies.
• Indianrailroadnetwork(66,030kms)isthelargestinAsiaand4thlargestintheworld followed by China(3rd), Russia(2nd),USA(1st)andCanada(5th).
• It is the world’s second largest underonemanagement.
• It has taken steps to conduct allexaminations online as a measureagainstmalpractices.
• It permits Railway Recruitment Board(RRB) candidates to keep thequestionbooklets.
• It permitted RRB candidates to uploadanswerkeysandcut-offmarksin2014-15.
• In 2014-15, it conducted examinationsfor48,822vacanciesin284categories.
• IthasitsownIndianRailwaysInstituteofCivilEngineeringForumtostudy itsvariousprojectsanditsexecution.
• Totallocomotivesare10822(Steam43+ Diesel 5714 + Elec. 5065) in whichbroadgauge10391+Metregauge233intheyear2014-15.
• Total passenger coaches are 67308(EMU 8475 + Conventional 51833+ Others 7000) with a capacity of1920768accomodationin2014-15.
• Totalfreightcars/wagonsare2,54,006(Broad gauge 250,711 + Metre gauge3,139+Others)
• Totaltracksare108706kms(BG-86,526kms+MG-18,529kms+NG-3651kms)
• TotalRoutesare66,030kms(BG58825km+MG4908km+NG2297km)2014-15.
• Totaldouble/multipletracksare20,633kms i.e., 31.25% of total Route kms(2014-2015)
• Total Route electrified are 22,224 kmsoutoftotal66,030kms(i.e.,33.66%oftotal),2014-15.
• Nowitcarriesover1.30crorespassengers&13lakhtonesoffreighteveryday.
• It runs about 20,038 trains daily(passenger-12,617(freight-7421)
• It has most powerful locomotive, i.e.Electric Locomotive WAG-9/ WAP-7(Modifiedversion)capableofhauling24coachesataspeedof140to160km/hour.
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• Ithassolarpowerruntrains.• Ithasalmost7500railwaystations.• Itmanufactureslocomotivesandenginesindigenously.
• ItsElectricLocomotivesaremanufacturedat Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (W.Bengal)
• ItsDieselLocomotivesaremanufacturedinVaranasi.
• Soon India is going to get the firstBullettrainfromJapantorunbetweenMumbaiandAhmedabad.
• Indian railways networks are dividedinto16zones.
• FairyQueen-theoldestworkingsteamlocomotivesengine in theworldand itistheoldeststeamengineinoperationhauling luxurious train from Delhi toAlwar for tourists. It secured a placein the Guiness Book of World recordand got Heritage Awardat Int’l TouristBureau,BerlininMarch,2000.
• Electric Multiple Units (EMU) coachesare used in large cities -mainlyMumbai,Chennai,Delhi,Kolkata,Pune,Hyderabad,Bangalore,etc.
• In2016,thefastesttraininIndiaistheBhopal Shatabdi that runs with a topseedof150km/h.
• ‘Gatimaan Express’ first proposed inJuly2014, India’s firstsemi-highspeedbullet train had a successful trial runfrom Delhi to Agra in 90 minutes. Itsmaximum speed will be 200 km/h. Itwillrunataspeedof160km/h.
• Darjeeling Himalayan Railways attainedtheWorldHeritagestatusfromUNESCO.
• Indian Railways revenue estimates of2016-17is`1,84,820crore.
Weaknesses• Indian Railways Passenger sector isloss making, i.e. among the lowest ofpassengerfareintheworld.
• Accidentsanddelayscauseadenttotheimage.
• Facilitiesnotcomparabletointernationalstandards.
• Unorganised railway stations, i.e. dirtyandpoorininfrastructure.
• Infrastructure Bottlenecks leading tolowaveragespeeds.
• Freighttrainspeedslowestintheworld,i.e.25km/hr.
• Poortrackrecordofprojectcompletion.• Lacklustre growth in revenues - bothpassengerandfreight.
• Poor operating ratio (i.e. % age ofrevenuesaccountforexpenses)whichisexpectedtobe92%for2016-17whichwas90%in2015-16.
• Unhygienicconditionofpantrycar.• Poor quality of food supplied topassengers.
• Dirtytoilets• ToiletfacilitiesareabsentinEMUtrains.• Stationsarenotclean.• Toiletsatstationsareinverybadconditions.• Maintenance and overhead expensesareveryhigh.
•Lackofflexibilityinroutesandturnings.• Lackofdoortodoorservices.• Inefficiency and high costs are due tolackofcompetition.
• Unsuitableforshortdistanceandsmallroads.
• Moretime&Labourrequiredinbooking&deliveryofgoods.
• Notruralareaoriented.• Under-utilisationofitscapacity.• Overcentralisedadministration• It is a hostage of vote bank politics toofferpopulistmeasures.
• Freetravelsforpoliticians,governmentemployeesandministersisnegativeforitseconomy.
• Reservedseatsforpoliticiansandhigherdignitariesreflectsbadimpressions.
Opportunities•IndianRailwayscancapturelargechunkofcontainertrafficbyintroducingblockcontainertrainsatpassengerspeeds.
• Its 70% revenue comes from freightsector and has scope to add morecompanies.
• Its Operating Ratio (OR) has beendecreasing drastically in last 10 yearshasfurtherscope.
• Monetisation from non-tariff measure-advertising, leasing of land adjacent torail network, date analytics with theavailabledata.
• Assetmonetisation
Current Affairs with MCQsCA-4
• Creation of dedicated freight corridorsandincreasedfocusoncontainerisation.
• Improving traveller amenities andcustomerexperiences.
• WebsiteofIndianRailwaycateringandTourism Corporation can be exploitedforeconomicactivities.
• GreentrackforRoadRailerServicecanincrease penetration into non-freightsegmentofcompanies/regions.
• Technological upgradation (i.e. Wi-Fi, Mobile applications, e-commerceplatform, etc.) can improve customerinterface and monitoring of projectimplementation.
• 2016 budget puts spotlight on over-stressedsuburban(EMU)trainservicesinmetroslikeMumbai,Kolkatta&Delhi.
• Railways Minister has proposed torevive the Ring Rail network in DelhiandtwonewcorridorsinMumbai.
• Rail Budget 2016 has proposed todevelop 3 freight corridors, draft afreight train timetable, increase thespeedto50kms/hrandbuildrail sidelogisticsparks&warehouses.
• Rail Budget 2016-Vision 2020 for ondemand reservation, technology forsafety,Punctuality -95%,Freight trainstime-table,increasedaveragespeed,etc.
• By 2020 there will be zero directdischargeofhumanwaste.
• By 2020 unmanned crossing will beeliminated.
• Budget 2016 has proposed newstructure for railways by - Cooperation,Collaboration, Creativity andCommunication.
• The IR minister Prabhu’s 3 prongedstrategies to overhaul the operatingefficiency are Reorganise, restructureandrejuvenate.
• 1.21 lakh crore Rupees proposedinvestmentfor2016-17shouldfacilitatemodernizationoftheRailways.
• Railway Budget 2016 has proposedto start- Antyodaya Express – a longdistance,unreserved,superfast-train.
• IndianRailwayshasproposedtolaunch3selecttrainservices–Humsafar,TejasandUDAY.
•Indian Railways has proposede-ticketingtobeopenedtoforeigncardsfortourists,NRIS.
• It has proposed 44 new partnershipworksvaluedatabout`92,714croretobeimplemented.
Threats• Open railway tracks can cause anydisasterfortrains,travellers,goods,etc.
• Chain-pullingtostoptrainanywhereisaseriousthreatbyterrorists.
• Unchecked boarding at majority ofstationscancausemajormishappenings.
• Very high competition from road andlow cost airlines in passengers andfreight.
• Over dependence on low yield bulkcargo (currently 10 commoditiesaccountfor80%ofthefreight).
• Increase in allowable gross weight ofroadvehicle.
• Possible introduction of double roadtrailers.
• Finding the money over Rs.1.21 lakhcrore that is targeted tobe invested in2016-17.
• High democratic /political presenceagainsthighertariffs.
• Indian Railways has faced twinheadwinds from the tepid economyand the impact of 7th pay commissionaward.
• Theoperatingratioimprovedfrom98%in2001to76%in2008.Butnowithasagainreachedto92%for2017.
• Tatkal ticket booking is not workingeitheronwindoworone-ticketing fordirectgeneralpublic.
• There are 10000 unmanned railwayscrossingalloverthecountry.
• Corruptionateverylevelisathreatforits development, services, security andsafety.
• Passengers especially older people,womenandchildrenarenotsafe.
•There is security threat in ITsystemofrailways.
• Mumbai suburban Railway is mostsevereovercrowdingaccidentprone intheworld.
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Railway Budget 2016 was presented onFebruary25,2016bySureshPrabhu,theRailway Minister of India. Here are thehighlightsoftherailbudget2016:• Nohikeinpassengerfares.• Swacch Bharat: 17000 biotoilets andadditionaltoiletsin475stationsbeforethecloseofthisfinancialyear.
• Wifi at 100 stations this year and 400stationsnextyear.
• 33%reservationtowomeninreservedquotainRailwaystobeintroduced.
• Deen Dayal coaches for long distancetrainsforunreservedpassengers.Thesecoaches will include potable waterandhighernumberofmobile chargingpoints.
• Janani Sewa: Children’s menu, babyfoods,babyboardstobemadeavailablefortravellingmothers.
• Overnight double-decker train UdayExpress to be introduced on busiestroutes, carrying capacity to be 40%more.
• Portersnottobecalled“coolies”butbecalled“sahayaks”now;willbetrainedinsoftskills.
• Railwaystoincreaselowerberthquotaforseniorcitizensby50%.
• Ajmer,Amritsar,Gaya,Mathura,Nanded,Nashik, Puri, Tirupati, Varanasi,Nagapattinam and other pilgrimstationstobebeautified.
• Bar-coded tickets to be introduced atselect stations on pilot basis to tacklenuisanceofticketlesstravel.
• Two elevated suburban railwaycorridors – Churchgate-Virar and CST-Panvel to be constructed in Mumbai;Ringrailwaycovering21stationstoberevivedwithstateparticipation.
• GPS-baseddigitaldisplayincoachesforshowingupcomingstations.
• North-East India, especially MizoramandManipur, to be connected throughbroadgaugesoon.
• 1,600kmofelectrificationthisyearand2,000kmproposedforthenextyear.
• Introduced 1,780 Automatic TicketVending Machines, mobile apps &GoIndiasmartcardforcashlesspurchaseof UTS and PRS tickets, enhancedcapacity of e-ticketing system from2,000ticketsperminuteto7,200ticketsper minute and to support 1,20,000concurrentusersasagainstonly40,000earlier.
• ProposetoinviteFMRadiostationsforproviding train-borne entertainment;extend ‘Rail Bandhu’ to all reservedclasses of travelers and in all regionallanguages.
• Security through helplines & CCTVs;Safety - 350 manned level crossingsclosed, eliminated 1,000 unmannedlevel crossings, 820 ROB/RUBcompletedinthecurrentyearandworkgoingonin1,350ofthem.
• SMART (Specially Modified AestheticRefreshing Travel) Coaches areredesigned coaches with redesignedbio-vaccum toilets, vending machines,advertisingboards,PAsystem,dustbins,ergonomicseating.
• Clean my Coach: Passengers will beable todemand cleaningof a toilet viaSMS. The audit will be done by thirdparty and action to be taken based onpassengerfeedback.
• Tejas:ItwillshowcasethefutureoftraintravelinIndiawithoperatingspeedsof130kmph.
• RailMitraSewa:ExpandingSarathiSevainKonkanRailway tohelp the old anddisabled passengers, strengtheningthe existing services for enablingpassengers to book battery operatedcars,porterservices,etc.onapaidbasisin addition to the existing pick up anddrop,andwheelchairservices.
RAILWAY BUDGET 2016
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Political• The Strategic Forces Command (SFC)a part ofNational CommandAuthority(NCA) added to Second Schedule ofthe RTI Act, 2005 to exempt from RTIpurview.• FirstBRICSEmploymentWorkingGroupmeeting held in Hyderabad, TelanganainJuly2016.• Haryana Government has launchedPashudhanBimaYojana.• Maharashtra Govt. accorded minoritystatus to Jews as per State MinoritiesCommissionAct.• Union Government banned potassiumbromate(KbrO3)asafoodadditiveasitiscarcinogenic.• TheUnionFinanceMinistryannouncedthat NRIs can open National PensionSavings (NPS)accountsonline througheNPSifhaveAadhaarCardorPermanentAccountNumber(PAN).• UnionCabinetapprovedretirementageofCentralHealthServicesdoctorsfrom62to65years.• Lakshadweep became first UT in thecounry to sign 24×7 Power for Alldocument.• PMNarendraModi&SriLankanPresidentreleasedSimhasthaDeclarationatNinorainUjjain.• PMNarendraModiinvitedtoaddressajointmeetingoftheUSCongressonJune8,2016.• India and Mauritius signed MoU topromote cooperation in traditionalmedicineandhomeopathy.• The 13th edition of India-EuropeanUnionSummitwasheldoninBrussels,capitalofBelgium.• SupremeCourtapprovedUnionGovern-ment’sguidelinestoprotectGoodSam-aritans,whohelproadaccidentvictims.• Union Government approves windingupofNationalManufacturingCompetiti-venessCouncil.• President Pranab Mukherjee declaresKeralaasfirstdigitalstateinthecountry.
Update : Political, Economic, Industries, Art & Culture, Events 2016
• Union Government extended e-TouristVisa Scheme to 37 more countries tomakethetotal150.• Faustin Archange Touadera won the2016 Presidential election of CentralAfricanRepublic(CAR)• NATO and European Union signedagreement on Cooperation in CyberDefence to counter modern forms ofhybridwarfare.• FirstMinisterialMeeting of Arab-IndiaCooperation Forum held at Manama,capitalofBahrain.• US liftsnuclear sanctionson Iran aftercommitments to roll back its nuclearprogramme.• India decided to become member ofInternational Energy Agency – OceanEnergySystems.• Justice LodhaCommittee submitted itsreport to the Supreme Court on BCCIreforms.• IndiaandPakistanexchangedthelistoftheirnuclear installationsandfacilitiesundertheAgreementontheProhibitionofAttackagainstNuclearinstallations.• People of UK in a historic Brexitreferendum have voted in favour ofleavingEuropeanUnion.• ConservativepartyleaderTheresaMay(59) became PrimeMinister of UnitedKingdomon12July2016.• Eminent Economist Arvind PanagariyahastakenchargeasfirstVice-Chairmanofthenewly-createdNationalInstitutionforTransformingIndia(NITI)Aayogon13January2015.• PaoloGentilonibecamethenewPrimeMinisterofItalyon11December,2016.• AntonioGuterreswillbecomethenewUN Secretary General on1st January,2017.BillEnglishbecameNewZealand’s39thPrimeMinister.• Rajasthan High Court struck downSpecial Backward Classes reservationgiven to Gujjars and five othercommunitiesinthestate.• DonaldTrumpon7December,2016wasdeclaredasTimeMagazine’spersonoftheyear.
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• BJP leader and former Union MinisterSarbanandaSonowal(54)wassworn-inasthe14thChiefMinisterofAssamafterwinning 2016 state assembly electionwithabsolutemajority.• The2016GroupofTwenty(G20)SummitwasheldinHangzhou,Chinafrom4thto5th September 2016 to discuss effortsto reformglobaleconomicgovernance.ItwastheeleventhmeetingoftheG20.Itwas the first everG20 summit tobehosted in China and the second Asiancountry after 2010 G20 Seoul summitwashostedinSouthKorea.• VeteranCPI(M)leaderPinarayiVijayanwassworn-inas12thChiefMinisterofKeralaaftertheleftDemocraticFront(LDF)hadwon2016stateassemblyelection.• Bernard Cazeneuve became the newFrenchPrimeMinister.• Jagdish Singh will be the 44th ChiefJusticeofIndia.• Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, JJayalalithaa passed away on 5thDecember,2016.• O Panneerselvamwas sworn in as thechief-minister of Tamil Nadu on 5thDecember,2016.• Rakesh Asthana was appointed as theIntrim Director of Central Bureau ofInvestigation(CBI)on3December,2016.• The 6th Ministerial Conference of theHeartofAsiaIstanbulProcessconcludedon 4th December, 2016 after adoptingAmritsarDeclaration.• 64 year old Crown Prince MahaVajiralongkorn has become the Kingof Thailand, on December 1, 2016, 50days after the death of his father, KingBhumibolAdulyadej.• Interim leader Shavkat MirziyoyevbecomethenewPresidentofUzbekistanafter he 1 secured 88.6 percent of thevotesinthepresidentialelection.• Alexander Van Der Bellen Sworn in asAustrianpresidentinMay2016.• BindheswarPathakappointedasBrandAmbassadorofSwachhRailMission.• Former Prime Minister and leader ofLebanon’sFutureMovementSaadHaririwas named as Lebanon’s new primeminister by thePresidentMichelAounonNovember3,2016:
• India and Bangladesh defencecooperation, strengthenedwitha jointmilitary training exercise SAMPRITIwhich 2016 which started at Tangailin Dhaka, Bangladesh from 05 to 18November2016.• Kamala Harris, California’s AttorneyGeneral, is the first Indian- AmericanSenatorintheUSCongress.• Chinaonceagainblocked India’s effortto join NSG in a meeting in Seoul onNovember4,2016.Outof48membersofNSG47supportedIndiaexceptChina.• Centre to extend the Armed ForcesSpecial Powers Act (AFSPA) in threedistrictsofArunachalPradesh.• India for the first time hosted theSecond meeting of CommunicationMinistersofBRICScountrieswhichwasconcluded in Bengaluru on November11,2016.Themeetingaimedatframingnew cooperation and collaborationframeworkamongBRICScountriesanddiscussedwaystoimprovecollaborationin the field of digital economy, futurecommunications,mobiletechnologyetc.• Indian Navy is considering to selectcandidates into the 10+2B Tech cadetscheme through JEE (Main) ranks,insteadofclass12th.• Guy Ryder was re-elected as Director-General of the International LabourOrganisation(ILO)foranotherfive-yeartermfromOctober2016.• Ateamofwomencommandoshasbeeninducted for the first time in CentralReservePoliceForce(CRPF)tocounterNaxalinsurgencyinJharkhand.• The Union Cabinet has given itsapproval totheconstitutionof“SpecialCommittee for Inter-Linking of Rivers”in compliance with Supreme Courtjudgment2012.• Russia’s President Vladimir Putin, hassigned an executive order announcingRussia’s withdrawal from theInternationalCriminalCourt(ICC)inTheHague.ThismeanscrimescommittedbyRussiancitizenswillnolongerfallunderthejurisdictionoftheICC.• Indiahasbeenranked20thonClimateChangePerformanceIndex(CCPI)2017accordingtoGermanwatchandClimate
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General Knowledge And Awareness2017 For RRB Railway Recruitment
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