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• http://www.managementstudyguide.com/brand-management.htm
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5BnnBOLOUU
• Brand is to be a source of value for an organisation
• Its positioning in the market and the minds of consumers will be critical to the actualvalue created.
• Positioning means owning a credible and profitable “position” in the consumer’s mind, either by getting there first, or by adopting a position relative to the competition, or by repositioning the competition.
Understandingall stakeholder needs and
desires
Opportunitymodelling
Brandplatform
Brandidentity
Brandarchitecture
Continuousevaluation anddevelopment
Positioning processPositioning process
Stakeholders• The brand positioning process begins with
identifying an organisation’s stakeholders, or audiences, assessing how important different stakeholders are, and defining the ideal relationship needed with each to enable business goals and objectives to be met.
• Different stakeholders will define the brand differently, according to their needs and their distinctive agendas.
Modelling the opportunity for positioning (I)
Relevance
Credibility Stretch
Differentiation
Brand Opportunity
Modelling the opportunity for positioning (I)
1. Relevance. Strong brands connect with customers. They meet functional needs and also tap into, and satisfy, emotional needs and desires.2.Differentiation. Strong brands add value, which makes them stand out from their competitors.3. Credibility. For customers to be loyal to a brand, the brand must be true to itself and keep the promises it makes.4. Stretch. A brand’s continued success lies in its ability not only to remain relevant in a changing world but also to foster innovation and to bring new products and line extensions into its value proposition.
Aspirationalbenefits
Emotional benefits
Functional benefits
Functional attributes
Generic, price of entry
Differentited
Increasing categorymaturity
Increasing marketsophistication
Increasing brandcompetition
The brand platform
BRAND PLATFORMBrand vision, mission
and values
Bringing the brand to life for all audiences
Products, services and behaviours
The ‘tone of voice’
Brand personality
Brand manifestation and area of competence
Brand communications
Seven Signs You’ve Developed a Brand Identity
• Brand Identity is clearly defined:– What is the brand’s particular vision and aim? – What makes it different? – What need is the brand fulfilling? – What is its permanent crusade?– What are its values?– What is its field of competence? Of
legitimacy?– What are the signs which make the brand
recognizable?
Relationship
Physique Personality
Reflection
Culture
Aspirational Self-Image
Brand Identity Prism - Elements
‘Brand Identity Prism’ by Jean-Noel Kapferer, The New Strategic Brand Management, 2012, p.156
Rallying Cry
Jean – Noel – Kapferer’s prism• PHYSIQUE – this forms the basis of the brand.• PERSONALITY – personality here means personification
of the brand. The brand personality is perceived as a person or an animal.
• CULTURE – the country of origin of the brand that is seen as a product attribute forms the culture.
• RELATIONSHIP – it is the understanding between the consumer and the organization.
• REFLECTION – this is the consumer’s perception of the brand and its values.
• SELF-IMAGE – this is about what the consumer thinks about himself or herself.
This element answers the question: What do we do?Many brands have problems with their physical facet because their functional added value is weak. Even an image-based brand must deliver material benefits. We focus on capabilities, which are about the brand’s value-added.Example: Foster Farms Frozen Cooked Chicken
2 1.15 15
Prism Element: Physique
Capabilities:•Chicken – Highest quality•Cooking – Making perfectly cooked chicken•Resource – Helping you make successful dinners
This element answers the question: Who are we?Strong brands are built on a strong culture and a clear set of shared values. •Brand’s core beliefs and way of operating. •Unwavering, and uncompromising.According to Kapferer: “The cultural facet of brands’ identity underlines that brands are engaged in an Physiqueideological competition.”
1.16 16
Prism Element: Relationship
Example: Nike Nike champions ‘solo willpower’ with a dose of optimism, and addresses a major sociological insight: Millions of people in the world today know that they can count only on themselves.
This element answers the question: Why do we exist?Strong brands are a vision of the world. The idea of ‘Being of Service’ underlies this facet of the Brand Identity prism. It is meant to be motivating to employees, and important to customers and other external stakeholders.
1.18 18
Prism Element: Reflection
•Patagonia•Body Shop•Ben & Jerry•Newman’s Own•TOMS•Innocent
Examples:
Prism Element: Brand Personality
• This element answers the question: How do we deliver?
• Some brands are incredibly earnest, others are super smart. By communicating their personality, brands build character. Consumers identify with the brand’s personality or project themselves into it.
Prism Element: Culture• This element answers the question: What
do we have in common?• Brand loyalty provides a sense of belonging. Whether it’s formal or
grassroots, that connection provides a powerful bond and source of distinction.
• Example: Harley Davidson’s creation of a brand community was central to its turnaround – Created a group of ardent consumers organized around the
lifestyle, activities, and ethos of the brand– Retooled every aspect of the organization—from its culture to
its operating procedures and governance structure—to drive its community strategy.
– Made Harley into one motorcycle manufacturer that understood bikers on their own terms.
Prism Element: Aspirational Self-Image• This element answers the question: What do
customers want their use of the brand to say about them?
• Repeated use and reliance on a brand demonstrates its value to the user.
• Brand loyalty provides an emotional or self-expressive benefit.
• Use of the brand tells others something about the user, and it tells the user something about her/himself.
• Example: Lacoste– Users see themselves as members of a chic sports club – an
open club with no race, sex or age discrimination, but which endows its members with distinction.
– This works because sport is universal.
This element answers the question: what does all this add up to? The Rallying Cry is 3-5 word shorthand encapsulation of your brand identity.
•Defines the category of business for the brand, sets boundaries and clarifies what is unique. •Should be memorable, crisp and vivid. •Stakes out ground that is personally meaningful and relevant to employees.•Not an advertising slogan, and, in most cases, not used publicly.
22
Prism Element: Rallying Cry
Emotional Modifier
Descriptive Modifier
Brand Category/Industry
+ +
Rallying Cry - Examples
Emotional Modifier
Descriptive Modifier
Brand Category/Industry+ +
Disney: Fun Family Entertainmenthttp://youtu.be/MAE_OgMrkaQ
BMW: Ultimate Driving Machinehttp://youtu.be/NJ81ivxPl20
Betty Crocker: Homemade Made Easyhttp://youtu.be/qm-_TIE2w2Q
Brand architecture
• Brand architecture orchestrates the relationship between the corporate brand and its businesses, product lines and product brands. Brand architecture creates value through clarifying all levels of branding based on:– the needs and priorities of target audiences;– expressing the breadth and depth of the offering;– generating economic efficiencies;– extending and transferring brand equity between corporate
andproduct and sub-brands;
- making brand strategy credible
Brand architecture structures (I)
• Masterbrand– A single brand spans a set of offerings
that operate only with descriptive offerings; continual product innovation, new releases, and so on.
– Ex.: GE, Cisco, 3Com
Brand architecture structures (II)
• Overbrand– Individual business unit or product
brands operate under a strong family brand. Dual level of communications: individual offering establishes a unique position while leveraging credibility of the source.
– Ex.: Microsoft, Kellogg’s.
• Freestanding brand– An organisation consists of independent standalone
brands, each maximising its impact on the market with little or no connection to its parent. There is a competitive need to develop distinct equities for line of business brands. Source brand does not fit or carries negative baggage.
– Ex.: Proctor & Gamble brands: Pringles, Old Spice, Luvs Diapers and Gillette
Brand architecture structures (III)
Brand architecture structures (IV)• An endorser brand architecture is made up of
individual and distinct product brands, which are linked together by an endorsing parent brand. The endorsing parent brand plays a supportive and linking role, and, in many respects, an endorser brand architecture can be seen as an inversion of a sub-brand brand architecture.
Continuous evaluation and development
• A well-thought-out brand positioning is as fundamental as a solid financial plan in creating long-term value for a business. It is the engine of sustainable brand value. This is particularly important as a result of the growth of intangible assets in business and the ability of competitors to mimic product developments more quickly.