Classical Approach of Management

Presentation By :HUMNA ANJUM JAWWAD ALI MUHAMMAD ADIL DANIYAL ALI ARQUM USMANI

What is management? Process of achieving goals by working together. Management is the key to a successful organization It helps builds better communication with your employees It maintains the order of a organization.

What are Approaches of Management?

Classical Approach Quantitative Approach Human Resources Approach Contingency Approach

Classical Management Theory

• The invention of machines to produce goods in the 19th century drastically improved productivity, which in turn lowered the cost to the consumer.

According to this theory employees will work harder to narrow their fields of expertise and specialize in one area.

Classical Management Theory

• The lower price resulted in a greater demand for products and thus a greater need for more factories and workers.

• Managers then began to formulate and test possible solutions, one of which was to find the best possible way for workers to perform and manage their tasks. The research resulted in the development of classical management theory.

What are the salient features of Classical Management?

1. Division of labor2. Chain of command3. Autocratic leadership style4. Predicted behavior5. . Unidirectional Downward Influence

What are the benefits of Classical Management?

Managers support their workers by planning their work and eliminating interrupting

Provide wage incentives to workers for increased output. Formal education and training is needed for the development of

the required skills.

Classical approach is further divided into two parts.Scientific Management Theory:

“Scientific management focuses on improving efficiency and output through scientific studies of workers' processes.”

• Taylor and the Gilbreths introduced methods of measuring worker productivity, including time studies and motion studies, which are still used today in operations and management.

• “Frederick Winslow Taylor” and frank and Lillian Gilbert well known as “THE GILBRETHS” were the two scientist who introduced the Scientific management Theory.

Frederick Winslow Taylor “Taylorism”:• Scientific management, or Taylorism, is a management theory that analyzes work flows

to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. This management theory, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, was dominant in manufacturing industries in the 1880s and 1890s.

• Taylorism is sometimes called the "classical perspective," meaning that it is still observed for its influence but no longer practiced exclusively.

• many of the themes of scientific management are still seen in industrial engineering and management today.

Frank and Lillian Gilbert “THE GILBRETHS”

• Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were a husband-and-wife team who worked as engineers in the early part of the 20th century.

• Lillian carried on this work after the death of Frank in 1924. Their main focus was on the fields of motion study and time study, combined with an interest on the psychology of efficiency and work.

The Gilbreths Theory

• The management theory of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth can be summed up by the following:

1. Reduce the number of motions in a task to increase efficiency.

2. Focus on the incremental study of motions and time to understand an entire task.

• While Taylor was conducting his time studies, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were completing their own work in motion studies to further scientific management.

The Gilbreths Theory

• The Gilbreths used new technologies such as film to break motions down into incremental parts, which they called “Therbligs.” By reducing the number of “Therbligs” for any task, one could increase the efficiency of the worker.

• This method allowed the Gilbreths to build on the best elements of the work flows and create a standardized best practice.

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