Michal wolanski, viešojo transporto integracija regione, gdanskas–gdynė–sopotas

Integration case of Tricity Metropolitan

Area (Gdansk-Gdynia-Sopot)

Prof. dr hab. Olgierd Wyszomirski Dr Marcin Wolek Dr Michał Wolański Chair on Transportation Market Faculty of Economics University of Gdansk

2

The organisation of urban public transport in Poland including the case of Gdynia and the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay

The area scope and the modes of public transport in Poland

Urban public transport in Poland operates within the urban and village communes (administrative units) organically connected with towns.

All networks of urban public transport use buses. Additionally,

14 networks use trams, and 3 networks- trolleybuses, while one

network uses underground and city trains (Warsaw).

3


Restructuring of the urban public transport in Poland

There occurs a tendency in Poland to separate the transport organisation from the transport execution and to introduce competition in bus transport system.

Between 1991 – 2013 almost 40 specialised units dealing with the

organisation of urban transport were called into being in the form of the so called organising authorities. Only in a few cases the organising authority was liquidated and the organisation responsibilities were handed over to an urban transportation company.

4


Forms of activity of urban public transport organising authorities in Poland

Most of the urban public transport organising authorities operate in the form of a specialised budget unit of a commune (one as a specialised limited liability company). Some urban public transport organising authorities operate within the road (infrastructure) and

transport organising authorities as their departments. Still other urban public transport organising authorities function as a branch office of inter - commune union of public transport.

5


Scope of organisation tasks of the urban public transport organising authorities in Poland

The scope of organisation tasks of the urban public transport organising authorities in Poland is varied. Organising authorities whose range of tasks is narrowest plan the development of the urban public transport only. Those organising authorities whose range of tasks is widest deal with the supervision and traffic regulation of the vehicles. There are no public transport organising authorities which organise regional transport beside organising urban transport. Operators are in charge of organising regional transport by themselves.

6


Operators which have contracts with the urban public transport organising authorities in Poland

Urban public transport organising authorities in Poland have contracts with operators mainly, which are owned by communes and appear mostly in the form of limited liability companies. Their share in the market is dominant. Private operators, whose share in the market ranges from about several to several tenth of percent, function in the bus transportation system only. It is only in one city (Elbląg) where three private operators provide services to 100% of the bus market.

7


Urban public transport organising authority in Gdynia

Zarząd Komunikacji Miejskiej w Gdyni (The Urban Transport Organising Authority of Gdynia) is the oldest existing urban public transport organising unit in Poland. It was established in 1992.

Urban Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia cooperates with Metropolitalny Związek Komunikacyjny Zatoki Gdańskiej (Metropolitan

Transportation Union of the Gdańsk Bay), which integrates the functions of the urban public transport within the area of 14 communes.

8


Gdynia and the Metropolitan Area of Gdańsk Bay as an area of public transport operations (1/3)

Gdynia is the second biggest city

considering the number of inhabitants (250 thousand inhabitants) in the Metropolitan Area of the Gdańsk Bay, comprising 14 communes, including 8 urban communes. Gdańsk is the main city of the Conurbation (450 thousand inhabitants).

9



The Conurbation is a very important transportation hub and one of the biggest economic, academic, scientific and cultural centres located in northern Poland. The part of the Conurbation is Tri-City comprising Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia.

The Conurbation covers the area of 1200 square kilometres and it has almost one million inhabitants.

Both in Gdynia and Sopot buses, trolleybuses and urban trains are used. Buses, tramways and urban trains are used in Gdańsk.

10



Buses are used on the remaining area of the Conurbation and urban trains in most of the communes.

11


Mobility and modal split in Gdynia (2013)

employed people: 1.85 trips per day;

unemployed people: 0,85 trips per day;

retired people: 1,17 trips per day;

retired disabled people: 0.88 trips per day;

pupils and students: 1,74 trips per day;

people traveling always by public transport: 1.28 trips per day;

people traveling always by public transport 2.04 trips per day;

average: 1.64 trips per day;

public transport: 45% of non-walking trips;

passenger cars: 53% of non-walking trips;

bicycles : 1 % of non-walking trips.

12


Stages of urban transport restructuring in Gdynia (1/2)

1. Establishing the Urban Transport Organising Authority and opening transportation services to competetive transport operators (1992).

2. Liquidation of the monopoly of the urban transport company and establishing three companies on the basis of its property (1994):

– company using buses and trolleybuses;

– company using buses only;

– company providing the repairing services of vehicles and rebuilding

bus bodies into trolleybus bodies.

13


Stages of urban transport restructuring in Gdynia (2/2)

3. Transforming the bus and trolleybus company (1998) into two seperate companies: one using trolleybuses and the other using buses only.

4. Privatising the company providing repairing services and changing bus bodies into trolleybus bodies (after a few years of operating as a private entity this company was liquidated).

14


Tasks of the Organising Authority of Public Transport

(ZKM) in Gdynia

planning public transport development; scheduling; preparing tariff drafts; contracting operators; issuing, distributing and inspecting tickets;

supervising and controlling operation of transport and regulating traffic;

maintaining stations and stops; informing about public transport operation; carrying out marketing research.

15


Scope and size of the Public Transport Organising Authority market in Gdynia (1/2)

The market of the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia comprises Gdynia commune (250 thousand inhabitants) and 6 neighbouring urban and village communes (altogether 120 thousand inhabitants).

At the commission of the Urban Public Transport Authority in Gdynia function:

1 trolleybus operator( which share in the whole number of vehicle - kilometers is 26 % ).

5 bus operators ( 2 communal and 3 private, which share in the number of bus vehicle - kilometers is 25 % ).


Scope and size of the Public Transport Organising

Authority market in Gdynia (2/2)

Urban trains operate beyond the Urban Transport Organising Authority market in Gdynia. The yearly number of passengers of the Urban Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia is almost 90 mln, including

almost 80 mln in Gdynia. Operators perform 19 mln vehicle kilometres in total, including 16, 5 mln in Gdynia.

The public transport market in Gdynia is a part of public transport

market of the Metropolitan Area of Gdańsk Bay.

17


Contracting transport services by the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia (1/2)

Three operators owned by Gdynia commune (PKA, PKM and PKT), have been operating since the 1st of December 2009 within the entrusted activity, subject to the City of Gdynia Council Resolution and executory agreement with the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia, according to the EU resolutions No 1191 dated from 1969 and No 1370 dated from 2007. Cost division of these operators into the

entrusted activity and commercial activity as well as the level of the entrusted activity costs are subject to audit carried out by the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia.

18


Contracting transport services by the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia (2/2)

Private operators provide transport services on the basis of contracts signed as a result of tendering procedure carried out by the Organising Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia according to the Polish Public Procurement Law.

19


Trolleybus transport development in Gdynia (1/2)

Between the years 2004 – 2007 within the project co-financed

by the European Union: new trolleybus routes of the

total length of almost 11 km as

well as a modern trolleybus depot for 90 vehicles were built in Gdynia;

10 new low-floor trolleybuses were purchased.

20


Trolleybus transport development in Gdynia (2/2)

Modernisation of a part of the trolleybus network as well as it’s electricity supply was carried out between the years 2010 – 2012

within the frames of another project co-financed by the EU as well as 28 new trolleybuses equipped with an additional auxiliary drive were

purchased.

21


Ecological buses in Gdynia

PKM (Urban Transport Company) in Gdynia, an operator which is owned by Gdynia commune, bought 16 new

articulated buses in the period 2007-2012, supplied with compressed

natural gas (CNG).

22


Funding of public transport organized by the Organising Authority of Public Transport

in Gdynia

Transport services organized by the Organising

Authority of Public Transport in Gdynia are funded:

in 44 % by ticket revenues;

in 56 % by budget grants.

Some investments are funded by the European Union

and Gdynia city budget.

23


Metropolitan Transport Union of Gdansk Bay ( 1/1)

The Metropolitan Transport Union of Gdansk Bay was established in 2007 by 13 communes that form the Metropolis of Gdansk Bay, including the cities of Gdansk, Sopot, Gdynia and Wejherowo.From 2013 14 communes

has been its members.

Its main task is to create integrated and high quality public transport with the Metropolis.

24


Metropolitan Transport Union of Gdansk Bay (Metropolitalny Związek Komunikacyjny Zatoki

Gdańskiej) (2/2)

The organizational structure of the Union consists of the Assembly and the Board.The Assembly is the constitutive and controling body of the Union.The Board is the executive body of the Union.

Presently the Union’s task is the tariff and tickets integration as well as information and promotion integration of metropolitan public transport. The aim is that the Union is to take over the tasks which the local transport organising authorities are presently in charge of.

25


The process of public transport integration in the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay

In 2008 the Metropolitan Union of Gdansk Bay introduced

metropolitan (integration) tickets that enable passengers to travel by all transport modes (buses, trams, trolleybuses, trains)

of 5 organizers using only one ticket. The organizers are:

Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdansk;

Public Transport Organising Authority in Gdynia;

Organizer and operator of Urban Public Transport in Wejherowo;

Organizer and operator of Urban Rail Transport in Metropolis;

Organizer and operator of Regional Rail Transport in Metropolis.

26


Metropolitan tickets in the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay (1/2)

Metropolitan tickets are issued by the Union of Gdansk Bay Public Transport and distributed by the local public transport organizers including the railway.

All member communes pay annual levy for the Union. Money are then remitted to local public transport organizers to compensate their lost revenues (due to accepting metropolitan tickets).

The Union is also responsible for collecting revenues from metropolitan tickets and allocating them among local public transport organizers.

27


Metropolitan tickets in the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay (2/2)

Metropolitan tickets are available as:

24 – hour;

72 – hour;

30 – days and monthly;

one ride.

24 – hour and 72 – hour tickets are sold as paper and electronic ones. 30 – days and monthly tickets are available only as electronic ones. One ride tickets are avaible as

paper and mobile phone ones.

28


Urban Railway in the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay (1/2)

Urban railway is the backbone of the metropolitan area’s public transport network.

It has 33 stations within the Metropolitan

Area of Gdańsk Bay. In peak time trains are running every 7-8 minutes. The urban railway stakeholders are: Polish State Treasury; Polish Railways; Pomeranian Province; Cities of Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot and Pruszcz Gdanski.

29


Urban Railway in the Metropolitan Area of Gdansk Bay (2/2)

The number of passengers carried by urban railway is almost 40

milion.

A new urban railway line called Pomeranian

Metropolitan Railway is almost completed.

30


Main directions in the public transport development

in the Metropolitan Area of Gdańsk Bay

Extension and modernisation of tramway and trolleybus network as well as purchase of advanced technology tramways, trolleybuses and buses.;

Implementation of the Metropolitan Rail project as an another urban train line;

Making possible to store single tickets on the smart cards of all the organizers

Taking responsibility for the organization and financing of public transport in the whole metropolitan area by the Metropolitan Union of Gdansk Bay.

Contact

Dr Marcin Wolek

[email protected]

Dr Michal Wolanski

[email protected]

31

mailto:[email protected]

Data & Analytics

Michal wolanski, viešojo transporto integracija regione, gdanskas–gdynė–sopotas