Geography of Pakistan

Political map of Pakistan

Provinces:

1. Baluchistan2. K.P.K3. Punjab4. Sindh

Special areas:5. ICT(Islamabad capital

territory6. FATA7. FANA(Gilgit Bultistan)8. AJK(12700 km,7 districts)

Islamabad• 1959_______foundation laid• 1963________city completed• Area_________906 sq.km

FATA

• Buffer b/w Pakistan and Afghanistan.• It has 7 agencies.1. Bajaur2. Mohmand3. Khyber4. Kurram5. Orakzai6. North Waziristan7. South Waziristan

FATA & Afghan provinces

FATA

Gilgit Baltistan

• It includes Ghizar,Gilgit,Diamar,Skardu and Ghanche districts.

• World’s three famous mountain ranges meet here -the Hamaliyas,the Karakorams,the Hindukash.

• The whole area is known as paradise for tourists.

• Seven Districts &Three divisions

PUNJAB(9 Divisions 36 Districts.)

Sindh (23 districts)

K.P.K(24 districts)

Baluchistan(32 districts)• No mountain, so Baluchistan is a plateau.

Azad Jammu Kashmir

• Disputed territory.(UNO)• Economy is pre dominantly agriculture.• Leepa valley is most fascinating valley in

Azad Kashmir

AJK

Ethnic group

Pakistan land borders (total 6,974 km)

• Afghanistan: Durand line,( 2643 km )• Tajikistan: Wakhan Corridor: • China: 523 km • India: 2,912 km, • Iran :909 km • Coastline: 1,046 km

Coastal area (1,046 km )coastline of Pakistan: Arabian seaimportant coastal areas: Karachi, Ormarah, Pasni and Gwader. Sea ports: Karachi and Bin Qasim. West of Karachi, Gwadar, it will serve as a major

hub of economic activities for CARs.

Physical Pakistan

Mountains

Mountains

Reasons:1. Volcanic2. Tectonic

Mountain RangesFamous mountain ranges of Pakistan are

Himalayas, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, Suleiman, Toba Kakar, Kirthar and Salt range. 

1) Mountainous North 2) Koh-e-Sufaid and Waziristan Hills 3) Suleiman and Kirthar Mountains 4) Baluchistan Plateau 5) Pothohar Plateau and the Salt Ranges

Gasherbrum I : (26,470 ft ) (11th highest in the world)

Glaciers 1-Siachin : 75 km

2-Baltora : 62 km 3-Batura : 55 km

Northern Mountains

1. The Himalayas2. The Karakorum3. The Hindu Kush Range 4. The Suleiman • form the northern and western borders of

Pakistan. Eight of the world's ten highest peaks are to be found here, including Mount Godwin-Austen-K2 -which, at 28,250 feet (8,610 metres), bows only to mighty Everest in earth' s struggle to reach up to the skies.

Nanga Parbat- 26,660 ft (8th highest in the world)

Koh-e-Safaid and Waziristan Hills

Koh-e-Safaid (3,600m )• commonly covered with snow. • Sikeram, the highest peak in Koh-e-Safaid

Ranges rises to 4,760 m. • Waziristan Hills:• ranges from 1,500 and 3,000 m.

Sulaiman and Kirthar Mountains(600 m )

Highest Peaks • Takht-e-Sulaiman (3,487 m)• Takatu (3,470m)

Pothohar Plateau and the Salt Ranges

Northern boundary is formed by the Kala Chita ranges and the Margala hills.

Southern boundary by the salt ranges. The main Pothohar plateau 300 - 600 m

high. Extends from Jhelum river up to kalabagh Sakesar peak (1,527 m) is the highest point

of the salt ranges.

Balochistan Plateau

1. Located west of sulaiman-kirthar mountains. 2.Its western part is the makran coast range

(600 m). The central makran range (900 - 1200 m).

3.The highest peak is ras koh, 3010 m.

Deserts

1) Kharan(Baluchistan)2) Thal(Punjab)3) Thar (Punjab-Sindh):Rajpotana in India, Cholistan ,Rohi -Punjab Nara -upper Sindh Tharparkar -lower Sindh

Rivers in PakistanNWFP• Indus• Kabul• Swat• Chitral• Zhob• Panjkora• Gormal• kurram

BALUCHISTAN

• Hangol• Nari• Bolan• Dasht• Mula• Rakhshan• Pashin lora

Conti… Punjab• Jehlum• Che• nab• Ravi• Sutlej• beyas

Sindh• Hub• Mir nadi• Arl nadi• Malir nadi

Major Rivers

· The Indus : 1,800 miles · Jhelum : 513 miles · Chenab : 772 miles · Ravi : 560 miles · Sutlej : 964 miles · Beas : 247 miles

Indus River

• The Indus River, rises in Tibet from a spring known as 'The Mouth of the Lion'. It flows down through the Karakoram Mountains to enter the northern areas of Pakistan

Barrages and headwork'sIndus

• Chasma• Guddu• Jinnah• Kotri• Sukkur• Taunsa• Sutlej:• Sulemanki• islam

Ravi• Balloki• Sidhnai• Chenab:• Khanki• Marala• Qaudirabad• Trimmu• Jehlum:• rasol• Trimmu

Major dams:

Pakistan has two major river dams:• Tarbela Dam on the Indus, • Mangla Dam on the Jhelum,• Warsak Dam on the Kabul • Rawal Dam

These dams, along with a series of head works and barrages irrigate cultivable land.

Tarbela Dam(1976)• World's largest earth-filled - the Indus • Biggest hydel power station in

Pakistan(3,478 MW) .

Mangla Dam• World's third largest earth-filled dam • South-east of Rawalpindi• 3,353 meters long • 116 meters high

Link canals

1) Rasul (jehlum)_________qadirabad(Chinab)2) Qadirabad chinab_______balloki (ravi)3) balloki (ravi)___________sulaimanki (Sutlej)4) Chasma(indus)__________jehlum5) Trimmu(indus)__________sindhnaj (Ravi)6) Sindhani(ravi)__________mailsi-

bahawal(Sutlej)7) Taunsa(indus)_________ the Punjnad.

Transportation and communication in Pakistan

Road network:• There are nine highways and 9 motorways in

Pakistan. Total length of all types of roads is 259,758 km.

Railway network:• Railway is built in plain areas. Total 808

railway stations, total length comprises of 7791 km.

Pakistan airways:

• PIA begins in 1955.it offers worldwide services and cover 80 destinations in 46 countries in four continents. It is also operating at 38 domestic destinations.

Private sector:• AeroAsia, Hajveri airlines, Shaheen and

Bahoja airlines operating on both domestic and international airlines.

Agriculture in Pakistan• About 67% population is living in rural areas, and 50% of

labor force is involved in farming, livestock and agro based industries.

• Total area of Pakistan is 80 million hectares.• 25.2% is cultivated area.• 10% is culturally waste.• 3.6%is under forests.• Remaining 60% area is desert.

Two main cropping seasons: RABI and KHARIF

Food crops:• Wheat• Rice• Maize• Grains• Grams• Pulses

Non food crops: (cash crops)• Cotton• Sugarcane• Tobacco• Rape seed• Mustered• sesame

• In production of wheat Pakistan is ranked 11th in world, 4th in Asia.

• Cotton is the most important cash crop and contributes in 2% in GDP.

• Pakistan is fourth in largest cotton growing country of the world.

Climate:• mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest;

arctic in north .Terrain:• flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and

northwest; Baluchistan plateau in west. Natural resources :• land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited

petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone .

Environment • current issues: • water pollution from raw sewage,• industrial wastes, • agricultural runoff; • limited natural fresh water resources; a

majority of the population does not have access to potable water;

• deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

Natural Hazards

Frequent earthquakes:Occasionally severe especially in north and west.

Flooding :Along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

Flood affected areas in Pakistan

INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES

1. Status of Kashmir with India 2. Border question with Afghanistan (Durand Line) 4. Water-sharing problems (wullar barrage)

over the Indus with upstream Riparian India

Kashmir

Energy Resources• Energy Resources

· WAPDA's Total Capacity : 11,246 MW · KESC : 173 MW · Nuclear : 1,801 MW · Hubco : 1.292 MW · Hydel : 4,825 MW · Thermal : 6,421 MW · Mangla : 1,000 MW · Tarbela : 3,478 MW · Warsak : 240 MW · Per Capita Energy Consumption : 300 MW

Gas pipeline routes

The End