TRANSPORTATION AND THE AVIATION

INDUSTRY(Part 1)

Prepared by: Ma'am L

OBJECTIVES

Conceptualize transport and tourism Identify the different modes of Transportation Identify the components of a transport system Explain the factors that affect visitor's choice of

mode of transport

TRANSPORTATION Fundamental component; a sector in the tourism industry

Precondition for travel; The means to reach the destination

Frequently neglected in tourism analysis

A necessary means of movement at the destination

In a minority of instances, it is the actual tourism attraction or activity.

CONCEPTUALIZING TRANSPORT AND TOURISM

TWO BASIC APPROACHES IN THE ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION FOR TOURISM:

Transport for tourism Transport as tourism

COMPONENTS OF A TRANSPORT SYSTEM

The wayThe terminal

The vehicleThe motive power

THE WAY

The medium of travel over which the vehicle operates

Could be purely artificial (roads and railways) or natural (air or water)

Roads, railways, air and sea vs. road The availability of the way is very important and

requires unscheduled delays

THE TERMINAL

Public transport terminal give the passenger access to the vehicle

Act as an interchange between different modes of transport

Airport: the most complex terminal

Continuation...

The design and the amenities offered depend heavily upon the type of journey and mode of transportation involved as the length of time spent at the terminal

Air require longest visit Basic requirements: toilet facilities, light

refreshments, other retail activity

THE VEHICLE

Facilitates the travel Nature of vehicles affected by factors:

Travel demand

Technological developments

THE MOTIVE POWER

The key element in transportation development

Horse-drawn carriages Steam power (Steam ships and railways) Internal combustion engine (road and road

transportation) Jet propulsion (air transportation)

FACTORS THAT AFFECT VISITOR'S CHOICE OF MODE OF TRANSPORT:

Distance and travel time Status and comfort

Safety and utility Range of services offered

Frequency of service Convenience

Reliability

MAJOR MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

RAIL ROAD

WATER AIR

RAILWAY

Existed because of the need to move goods and people from one region to another

Prime movers of leisure, linked with the rise of seaside resorts

Mode of transportation for public use Popular in most developed countries (Singapore, Europe,

Japan)

REASONS WHY TRAVEL BY TRAIN:

Safety Ability to look out of the train and see en route Ability to move around the coach Personal comfort Environmentally-friendly form of transport

ROAD

Travelling by car Travelling by bus Cycling Tourists on foot

ROAD – travelling by car

Invented in Germany but became America's obsession Widely neglected in tourism because it is an accepted part

of everyday life and impactc is overlooked Could be rented or owned

REASONS WHY TRAVEL BY CAR

Control of the route and stops en route Control of departure times Ideal capacity for families Privacy Low perceived cost Freedom to use the vehicle once the destination is reached

ROAD travelling by bus/coach

TYPES OF BUS SERVICE Tour Special services Commuter Service / Scheduled coaches Airport Service / Shuttle service

ROAD travelling by cycling

Mountain bike tours in distant countries Cycling in rural destinations where there are suitable trails Eco-friendly form of transportation

ROAD travelling on foot

Hiking and trekking Existence of sight jogging Healthy form of transportation

WATER - CRUISE SHIP

The only possible transportation in case of remote islands which have no airport.

EX: Greece has 15 airports to serve 95 inhabited islands but has 750 ports and anchorages.

Provides leisure facilities – casinos, bars, cabins etc Spmetimes associated with romance w/ cruising to exotic

locations and tourists being pampered all day. Regarded as luxury activity.

AIR

AIRLINES PROVIDE: transportaton of passengers in the shortest time Avoids spending time and money en route Made it possible to build great resorts in remote islands Preffered mean of travel for long haul Ground terminal is sophisticated

AIR TRANSPORT

SCHEDULED AIRLINES – operate on the basis of their published timetables.

CHARTER SERVICES – do not operate according to published timetables, nor are they advertised or promoted by the airlines themselves

CHARACTERISTIC OF SCHEDULED AIRLINES

Reliable and frequent and relatively consumer-orientated product

Airlines attract business travelers (speed and flexibility)

Leisure passengers (ability to arrive at the destination quickly)

Offer incentives (frequent flyer programmes) Offer lower promotional fares Advanced purchase excursion fare (APEX) Instant purchase fares (IPEX)

CHARACTERISTIC OF CHARTER SERVICES

Facilitates movement of holidaymakers on package tours

Passengers are carried on “seat only” arrangements

Most are owned by tour operators who attempt to integrate their operations

Flying at inconvenient and not busy hours