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Submitted byAshutosh raghuwanshi (A-30)

Industrial engineering

Evolution of Management• Classical Approach• Neo-Classical Approach• Modern Approach

Neo-Classical Approach

• Human Relations Movement• Behavioral theory

Human Relation Movement

• Elton Mayo (1880–1949) was an Australian psychologist, sociologist, went to Harvard University.• spent most of his career at Harvard Business School as Professor of Industrial Research.• main focus was on the people working in an organization.

Human Relations Movement Elton Mayo conducted a research activity in Hawthorne Electric Plant

in 1924 to research effect of physical conditions on productivity called

as Hawthorne Studies.

Research activities had been conducted between 1924-1930.

Researchers tested the effects of:

Lightning

Heating

Job breaks

Physical arrangements;

on productivity, But, they could not found any relation between.

Contribution of HRM• A business organization is also a social system.• A worker does not work for money only.• Employee-centric, democratic and participative style

of leadership is more efficient.• A worker’s production norm is set and enforced by his

group not by time and motion study.

Behavioral Theory

Mature version Human Relations theory.

Mary Follet, Abraham Maslow and others contributed to it.

How managers should personally behave to motivate employees

and encourage them to perform at high levels and be committed

to the achievement of organization goals.

Favor participation in the establishment, evaluation of standards

of performance.

Makes an effort to make managers more sensitive to their

employee needs.

Contribution of Behavioral Theory

• advocates situational approach • Builds confidence among

employees• A conducive environment is

created

Neo- classical • The ‘free will’ theory of classical school did not

survive for long.• It was soon realized that the exponents of

classical school faltered in their approach in ignoring the individual differences under certain situation and treating first offenders and habitual alike on the basis of similarity of act or crime.

• The neo-classists asserted that certain categories of offenders such as minors, idiots, insane or incompetent had to be treated leniently in matters of punishment irrespective of the similarity of their criminal act because these persons were incapable of appreciating the difference between right and wrong.

• The advocates of this school started with the basic assumption that man acting on reason and intelligence is responsible for his conduct, But those lacking normal intelligence or having some mental depravity are irresponsible for their conduct.

• Though the neo-classists recommended lenient treatment for “irresponsible” or mentally depraved criminals on account of their incapacity to resist criminal tendency but they certainly believed that all criminals, whether responsible or irresponsible, must be kept segregated from the society.

• Neo-classists adopted subjective approach to criminology and concentrated their attention on the conditions under which an individual commits crime.

Conclusion

• Organization is a social system also.

• Human resource is the most important asset of any organization

Thank you