ENUM in Austria - Approach and Lessons Learned

28.10.2009 ANACOM ENUM Workshop Page 1

ENUM in AustriaApproach and Lessons Learned

Kurt ReichingerAustrian Regulatory Authority for

Telecommunications and Broadcasting

The opinions expressed in this presentation are the personal view of the author and do not prejudge decisions of the Austrian regulatory authorities.

28.10.2009 ANACOM ENUM Workshop Page 2 Page 2

Agenda

What is ENUM? >>

Austrian ENUM Timeline

ENUM Policy Framework

Lessons Learned

Way Forward

1

2

3

0

4


Austrian ENUM Timeline1

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Phase 1

Main focus Promote innovation Inform market players and discuss opportunities and threats Prepare landscape for first trials

First public consultation

Aug 01 Feb 02

First public workshop

May 02 Jun 02

Request for 3.4.e164.arpa

Tier 1 Registry in operation

3.4.e164.arpa delegation

Sep 02

AETPformed


Phase 2

Main Focus Ensure integrity of E.164 Numbering Space and related ENUM Domain Space Enable maximum competition on ENUM Tier 2 level Protect Consumers

Nov 02 Dec 02 Oct 03

First live demo

Ready to invite friendly customers

Dec 03

Large scale ENUM & VoIP trial AT43

Sep 02

Tier 2 Name Server in operation

AETPformed

Austrian ENUM Trial

Policy Framework

Trial part 2 started(business customers)

Trial part 1 completed


Phase 3

Main focus Ensure smooth transition into commercial phase Set track for Infrastructure ENUM Reduce regulatory involvement

New Numbering Ordinance

May 04 Aug 04

Contract w/ enum.at

Nov 04 May 05

Commercial User ENUM launched

New Number Range 780

Apr 06

Commercial Infrastructure ENUM launched

End of ENUM Trial


ENUM Policy Framework2

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Responsibilites and decisions RTR is responsible for numbering in Austria (+43 number range)

Introduction of ENUM enabled number ranges

RTR is also responsible for Austrian ENUM Domain (3.4.e164.arpa) Admin Contact RTR Tech + Zone Contact Outsourced to nic.at (later to found enum.at)

ENUM trial Policy framework between RTR and ENUM trial partners

Evaluating processes between registry and registrars Working on (re-)validation processes regarding the right to use number

ENUM commercial deployment Policy framework between RTR and Tier 1 registry enum.at

Based on results of ENUM trial phase Also defining policy framework for tier 2 registrars


Crucial issues

Identification (identity of user) Is the applicant really the person it pretends to be?

Validation Has the applicant the legal right to use a specific E.164 number?

Ongoing validation Has the applicant still the legal right to use a specific E.164 number?

Monitoring of validation errors per registrar For the first 200 domains delegated: a maximum of 2 errors From 201 to 1,000 domains delegated: a maximum error rate of 1% From 1,001 to 10,000 domains delegated: a maximum error rate of 0.1% From 10,001 to 100,000 domains delegated: a maximum error rate of 0.01% For more than 100,000 delegated domains: a maximum error rate of 0.001%


Identification / validation for number ranges in ENUM Geographical numbers

Identification by identification card; or copy by fax/e-mail and call-back at geo number Initial validation by presentation of the contract with the communications service provider

for the geo number or a current invoice and call-back at the geo number Ongoing validation: Use of publicly available information (e.g. subscriber directories);

possibly by text message to a mobile number indicated upon initial registration Mobile numbers (0)6

Identification by identification card; or copy by fax/e-mail and call-back at the mobile number

Initial validation by presentation of the contract with the communications service provider for the mobile number or a current invoice (also by fax, e-mail) and call-back at the mobile number

Possible identification / initial validation option with increased risk of error for the registrar: Subscriber data entry on the web plus a text message containing a PIN code for continuing the web-based request; completion of initial validation only by means of a second text message to the mobile number on a different day and confirmation message from the applicant.

Ongoing validation: Via text message / confirmation text message (possibly to a 901 number) once per month/quarter


Identification / validation for number ranges in ENUM Private network numbers (0)5

Identification by identification card; in cases where only a copy is transmitted by fax/e-mail, a subscriber call-back number for the respective private network is to be provided and the registrar is to call the registrant back at the number indicated;

Initial validation by presentation of the official telephone number allocation decision Ongoing validation: Comparison with the number-specific information on RTR's web

site. Toll-free numbers (0)800

Identification by identification card; in cases where only a copy is transmitted by fax/e-mail, the registrar is to call the registrant back at the 800 number indicated

Initial validation by presentation of the contract with the communications service provider for the 800 number or a current invoice (also by fax, e-mail) and call-back at the 800 number (unless the number has already been called for the purpose of identification).

Ongoing validation: Periodic (monthly) calls to the 800 number


Identification / validation for number ranges in ENUM

Location independent fixed network numbers (0)720 Validation as for geographical numbers

Convergent services numbers (0)780 >> No special regulations required due to provisions of numbering ordinance, i.e. no

provision of (0)780 number without prior ENUM delegation


Lessons learned3


ENUM Delegations in Austria by 2009


Three flavours of ENUM

User ENUM End-users should opt-in to ENUM with their existing phone numbers on the PSTN

under the domain e164.arpa to provide other end-users with the capability to look up contact URIs on the Internet the above end-user wants to link to his number

Infrastructure ENUM Providers should opt-in to ENUM with the telephone numbers of their subscribers

under a sovereign domain (e.g. i.3.4.e164.arpa for Austria) to provide other providers with details of their networks‘ ingress points.

Private ENUM Also called Operator ENUM, Enterprise ENUM or Carrier ENUM Providers opt-in to ENUM with the telephone numbers of their subscribers under a

private domain (e.g. e164.info) to provide fellow providers with details of their networks‘ ingress points or their subscribers SIP AoRs, directly.


User ENUM Weaknesses Most VoIP providers do not provide end-users with SIP URIs to be reached

on the Public Internet (i.e. without generating termination income) Only the calling party benefits from an ENUM Record of the called party Chicken and egg problem (with number of ENUM delegations and ENUM

services) and the statistics of Metcalfe’s Law1

Country opt-in involvement of administrations and regulators slowing down process

End-user opt-in slowing process down further more General ENUM skepticism of providers High tariffs to ENUM-driven number range (+43 780) on domestic level ENUM-driven number ranges not routed from abroad at all or applied with

high tariffs on international level1) the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of users of the system (n2)


Infrastructure ENUM Weaknesses

Providers currently do not use IP interconnection to a significant extent Private ENUM deployments Provider Opt-In – slowing process down Country Opt-In (again) – involvement of administrations and regulators

slowing down process Chicken and egg problem (with number of ENUM delegations and ENUM

services) and the statistics of Metcalfe’s Law (again)


Way forward3


General Benefits of ENUM remain

ENUM is using the DNS Saving CAPEX

Provisioning done by the destination administrative domain Saving OPEX

All Call Query (ACQ) to find destination network Ultimate solution in Number Portability

ENUM already successfully used ... in Private ENUM deployments (XConnect, e164.info, SPIDER, …)

Future service framework ETSI/3GPP envisage ENUM as a major part of the NGN control layer GSMA strongly promote Private ENUM (e164enum.net) to be used in the IPX

framework possibly linking 2 billion mobile subscriber within the reach of GSMA


Austrian ENUM Links

Austrian Regulatory Authority http://www.rtr.at/en/tk/ENUM

Austrian Tier 1 Registry http://www.enum.at

Austrian ENUM Trial – page no longer maintained http://enum.nic.at/Eindex.html


Thank you.!

Kurt ReichingerAustrian Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Broadcasting

Mail: kurt.reichinger[at]rtr.atFon: +43 1 58058 306ENUM: 6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa

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Backup - What is ENUM?A

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What is ENUM?

Electronic NUmber Mapping: “ … the mapping of Telephone Numbers to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) using the Domain Name System (DNS) in the domain e164.arpa …”

ENUM is an IETF standard (RFC 3761) finalized in April 2004 that allows users and applications to use a telephone number to access a listing of Internet resources (URI) for that number, such as addresses for IP telephony, e-mail or Web sites

URIs are used to identify resources on the Internet (e.g. http://www.rtr.at )


TEL: +43 1 58058 306

FAX: +43 1 58058 9306

MOB: +43 664 1234567

E-Mail: [email protected]

Web: www.rtr.at

VoIP: [email protected]

GATEWAY

NUMBER TO URI

MAPPING

ENUM

What is ENUM?


ENUM is like an inquiry service

[email protected]@fwd.pulver.comwww.rtr.at+43 664 1234567Kurt Reichinger | RTR | Tech. Dept.

Who is +43 1 58058 306 ?

Can somebody help me ?


I have some information !


PSTN Internet+43 1 2083639

ENUM

+43 1 58058 306

+43 1 58058 306 [email protected]

[email protected]

+43 1 2083639

+43 1 2083639 +43 1 2083639

4 Call Scenarios


ENUM Domain Name

+43 1 58058 306

43158058306

60385085134

6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4

6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa

„Fully qualified E.164 telephone number“

„Fully qualified domain name“

As a result of an ENUM Lookup for this domain one gets back the IP-Address of the server where the data of the user of the corresponding telephone number are stored. Now this information can be retrieved


ENUM NAPTR RRs


ENUM Name Server

$ORIGIN 7.1.4.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa. IN NAPTR 10 10 “u” “E2U+voice” “!ˆ^.*$!sip:[email protected]!”.IN NAPTR 10 10 “u” “E2U+email” “!ˆ^.*$!mailto:[email protected]!”.IN NAPTR 10 20 “u” “E2U+voice” “!ˆ^(.*$)$!tel:+436641234567!”.usw.

NAMING AUTHORITY POINTERRESOURCE RECORD

>> Agenda


Backup – (0)780 NumbersB

Page 29


ENUM-driven Number Range (0)780

Number format: +43 780 abcdef (ghi) Prior delegation of ENUM domain required for assignment of number Registrar has to provide a Generic Gateway (for this number range) Cancellation of ENUM domain will (also) relinquish the number No validation problem as the domain delegation is necessary as the first

step (domains delegated on a first come first served policy) Decoupling of number range allocation and gateway operator Any gateway may route the whole number range, just needs to be able to

query ENUM These gateways are called Generic Gateways (GG) Commercial delegation of domains starting May 2005


The Generic Gateway

Generic Gateway

Calling Party A

Called Party B

Registration

PSTN

ENUMTier 1

ENUMTier 2

Internet

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ENUM in Austria - Approach and Lessons Learned